458:(defined as child abduction, sexual assault or homicide) or identify the remains of victims. The company confirmed it was working with the FBI on at least a handful of cases. As of March 2019, the company instituted a policy allowing its customers to opt out of law enforcement access to their genetic data. All customers were automatically opted in to such exposure except those living in the European Union who were opted out by default. Law enforcement officers will be required to go through a more rigorous process in order to access the database, while customers who opt out of allowing the FBI to access their data will still be able to search for possible relatives as before. “Users now have the ability to opt out of matching with DNA relatives whose accounts are flagged as being created to identify the remains of a deceased individual or a perpetrator of homicide or sexual assault, also referred to as Law Enforcement Matching (LEM),” the company wrote in an email to customers. In May 2019 FamilyTreeDNA prevented access to its Y-DNA database ysearch.org and its mtDNA data base mitosearch making it more difficult for law enforcement agencies to identify crime suspects. In August 2019, FamilyTreeDNA reported that about 50 law enforcement agencies had submitted DNA samples for matching and that almost 150 cases had been submitted. By spring 2020, only around 3% of about 2 million users have opted out. By August 2020, the company helped solve at least 27 cases.
183:, a lifelong entrepreneur and genealogy enthusiast. In 1999, Greenspan had entered semi-retirement and was working on his family history. He began work on his mother's Nitz lineage. When faced with a roadblock in his work, he remembered two cases of genetics being used to prove ancestry that had recently been covered by the media. These were a study by University of Arizona researchers showing that many Cohen men from both Ashkenazic and Sephardic groups share the same Y-chromosome and a study that showed that male descendants of a paternal uncle of US President
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May 24, 1995. Bortree cannot be charged with rape, kidnapping or attempted kidnapping or rape due to the states 20 year statute of limitations for those crimes so the prosecution only charged him with one count of attempted murder. The defense argued that the statue has expired for that offense as well. However the judge ruled against the motion and
Bortree was found guilty of Attempted Aggravated Murder at trial in November 2020 and was sentenced to 11 years in prison on December 18. Bortree was imprisoned in the
552:, California. Green was initially not named since he was a juvenile at the time of the murder. Ricky Davis was previously convicted of the murder and had been sentenced to 16 years to life of which he had served 14 years when he was exonerated and the new suspect arrested. Davis is the first person in California, and the second in the United States, to be exonerated due to the use of genetic genealogy. Christopher Tapp, a man in Idaho was convicted for the 1996 rape and
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building where his records were located burned to the ground. Burns was also later connected to the 2001 Wyoming murder of 28-year-old Sue Ellen
Higgins, Burns initially pled not guilty but later changed his plea to guilty. In April 2020, Burns was sentenced to a total of 242 years in prison for the rapes and in December 2020, Burns was sentenced to life in prison without parole for the murder of Sue Ellen Higgins. Burns is imprisoned in the
495:. In an interview after his arrest, Westrom denied being in the apartment. He said he did not know the victim, and said he did not have sex with any women in Minneapolis in 1993. When confronted with the DNA evidence, he told investigators he had no idea why his DNA would be present at that scene. In August 2022, Westrom was convicted and in September, he was sentenced to life in prison with 30 years before parole.
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521:, California. He had been identified with the help of the FBI Forensic Genetic Genealogy Team and Family Tree DNA. VanBuskirk originally pled not guilty to the crimes and faced 190 years to life in prison, however changed his plea to guilty in December 2019, and was sentenced on February 20, 2020, to 50 years to life in prison. Vanbskirk is currently incarcerated in the
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Arizona. Greenspan discovered that academic labs did not offer testing directly to the public and that in general direct to consumer testing for genealogy was not commercially available either. Their conversation inspired him to start a company dedicated to using genetics to help solve genealogy mysteries.
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In May 2022, Jennifer Lynn Matter, of
Belvidere Township, Minnesota was arrested and charged with second-degree murder with intent, not premeditated, and second-degree murder without intent for the murders of her newborn daughter who was found dead in the Mississippi River in 1999 and her newborn son
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vary in price according to the number of markers covered. FTDNA introduced their "Big Y" test in 2013. Big Y tests approximately 15 million locations on the Y chromosome, looking for novel and shared SNPs. By the end of 2021, FTDNA had identified over 50,000 branches in the tree of all Y-DNA results.
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In August 2019, Ralph
Bortree was arrested in Ohio for a July 31, 1993, rape and attempted murder of a 19-year-old woman. the DNA profile was also matched to a May 23, 1992 kidnapping and rape of another 19-year-old woman. Other evidence links him to two similar attacks on women on July 22, 1993 and
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In 2006, FamilyTreeDNA bought out the assets of DNA-Fingerprint, which was a German paternity testing company that offered Ă la carte testing to the genetic genealogy testing community. With this buyout, Thomas and Astrid Krahn, who had owned DNA-Fingerprint, moved to
Houston, Texas, and helped open
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It was early 2000 when
Greenspan with his business partners Max Blankfeld and Jim Warren officially launched FamilyTreeDNA. Initially, the Arizona Research Labs at the University of Arizona performed all testing for FamilyTreeDNA. FamilyTreeDNA includes among its scientific staff, Dr. Michael Hammer
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DNA DTC is the
Research Use Only (RUO) division serving both direct-to-consumer and institutional clients worldwide. Gene By Gene offers AABB certified relationship tests through its paternity testing division, DNA Findings. The privately held company is headquartered in Houston, which is also home
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tests. The Y-chromosome is inherited from father to son, so testers can discover relatives with the same patrilineage. In many cultures these relatives will often share the same surname, since surnames are also inherited father to son. These tests cover 37-111 STR markers depending on the test, and
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to individuals for genealogical purpose. With a database of more than two million records, it is the most popular company worldwide for Y-DNA and mitochondrial DNA, and the fourth most popular for autosomal DNA. In Europe, it is the most common also for autosomal DNA. FamilyTreeDNA as a division of
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Family Finder allows customers to match relatives as distant as about fifth cousins. Family Finder also includes a component called myOrigins. The results of this test provide percentages of a DNA associated with general regions or specific ethnic groups (e.g. Western Europe, Asia, Jewish, Native
245:
The
Genomics Research Center initially did testing for many of the same products that had been sold by DNA-Fingerprint. They began to offer individual and panels of Y-chromosome SNP tests using Sanger testing methods. They also offered the mtDNA full genome test and upgrades to it using the Sanger
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Years of researching his family tree through records and documents revealed roots in
Argentina, but he ran out of leads looking for his maternal great-grandfather. After hearing about new genetic testing at the University of Arizona, he persuaded a scientist there to test DNA samples from a known
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techniques to help identify him. Konther has an identical twin brother, and the DNA profile had initially implicated both men, but further detective investigation led authorities to release the brother and focus on
Konther as their main suspect. He was also accused of Molesting a 12-year-old girl
222:
FamilyTreeDNA's initial Y-chromosome tests were described as 11 marker tests. They eventually began to call this a 12 STR marker test as one of the STRS (DYS385) almost always had two copies. This they billed as a method to affirm or disprove a genealogical connection on the direct paternal line.
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In September 2019, Mark Douglas Burns was identified and arrested as a suspect in nine rapes that took place in Wyoming and Utah between 1991 and 2001. According to Barbara Rae-Venter the case took over a year and a half and was one of the most difficult ones to solve as Mark was adopted and the
273:
The first of FamilyTreeDNA's new partnerships was with the Switzerland-based iGENEA company. It was formed alongside the closing of DNA-Fingerprint and Thomas Krahn's helping open the Genomic Research Center in Houston. Their website is available in English, French, German, Italian, and Spanish.
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Businessman Bennett Greenspan hoped that the approach used in the Jefferson and Cohen research would help family historians. After reaching a brick wall on his mother's surname, Nitz, he discovered and Argentine researching the same surname. Greenspan enlisted the help of a male Nitz cousin. A
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Greenspan had both Nitz cousins in California and had discovered someone in Argentina with the same ancestral surname and the same ancestral location in Eastern Europe. Wishing to use the same method of DNA comparison for his own genealogy, he contacted Dr. Michael Hammer at the University of
202:
FamilyTreeDNA began with a proof in concept group of twenty-four tests that returned results in January. The company began by offering 12 STR marker Y-chromosome tests much like those used in many scientific publications of the time in March 2000. FamilyTreeDNA became widely known for its
536:
In September 2019, Donald Perea was posthumously identified as the 1981 rapist and murderer of 18-year old Jeannie Moore in Jefferson county Colorado. Perea was previously convicted of a different rape that also took place in 1981. He could not be arrested due to his death in
206:
They added an interface by which genealogists could run surname research studies. The first person to create such a project through the FamilyTreeDNA site was Doug Mumma, who founded the Mumma project. Such projects can also focus on specific regions and niche populations.
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cousin in California and a suspected distant cousin in Buenos Aires. It was a match. But the real find was the idea for Family Tree DNA, which the former film salesman launched in early 2000 to provide the same kind of service for others searching for their ancestors.
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was launched, allowing users to incorporate DNA testing and advanced family tree technologies into their family history research. MyHeritage is a website offering online, mobile and software platforms for discovering, preserving and sharing family history worldwide.
446:, Ltd. that operates the Genomics Research Center (GRC) lab in Houston, Texas. In January 2021, Gene by Gene was acquired by MYDNA Inc. Gene by Gene now works together with MYDNA improving genomics testing for a broad range of clinical and non-clinical services.
256:
Meanwhile, most testing continued to be done at the University of Arizona lab. The demand for additional test types led Greenspan and Blankfeld to move all testing to their own testing lab in Houston, Texas under the Genealogy by Genetics, Ltd. parent company.
2187:"1995 rapist in Pacific Beach pleads guilty - an Arizona man who was linked by DNA evidence to a series of rapes in 1995 in Pacific Beach and elsewhere pleaded guilty on Dec. 16 to committing six rapes. The agreed-upon prison sentence for Christoph"
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as well as multiple sexual assaults against other children. He pleaded not guilty and faced a maximum sentence of 82 years to life in state prison if convicted. However Neal died while in custody in July 2020 from an illness before he could be
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between January 2002 and December 2003. In February 2023, Konther was found guilty of both rapes as well as committing lewd acts on a girlfriend’s daughter when she was 8 or 9 years old at the couple’s homes in Huntington Beach and Highland.
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in 1999. Lovrien is now also being charged with the murder of Kenneth Griffin, who had gone missing on February 1, 2020 by authorities searching a shed at Lovrien’s home several weeks after his arrest found Griffins dismembered
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DNA Ancestry & Family Origin DNA Ancestry & Family Origin is a genetic genealogy testing partnership between FamilyTreeDNA and Eastern Biotech & Life Sciences. Their website is available in both English and Arabic.
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420:. Geno 2.0 samples for both public and scientific study were run at the Genomics Research Center in Houston, Texas (operated by FamilyTreeDNA's parent company, Gene by Gene, Ltd.) until 2016, when Geno 2.0 began utilizing
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611:. Hamm's matches were notably much poorer on GEDMatch, and Hamm's brother, Eugene, was found on FamilyTreeDNA in June 2020. After DNA comparison, the remains in Texas were conclusively identified as Hamm.
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In January 2021 it was announced that MYDNA, Inc. a Melbourne, Australia, genomics company, had acquired Family Tree DNA and its parent company Gene by Gene. MYDNA, Inc has historically specialized in
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but was exonerated with the help of genetic genealogy in 2019 after spending 22 years in jail. Green pled guilty and in September 2022, Green was sentenced to 15 years-to-life in prison.
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In February 2019, FamilyTreeDNA helped police with the arrest of James Neal for the July 6, 1973 abduction and murder by strangulation of 11-year-old schoolgirl Linda O'Keefe in
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In September 2012, Greenspan and Blankfeld restructured FamilyTreeDNA's parent company, Genealogy by Genetics, Ltd. This included their renaming Genealogy by Genetics, Ltd. as
498:
In April 2019, Law Enforcement working with Family Tree DNA Positively identified the remains of two young women found in oil fields in 1986 and 1991 in an area known as the "
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In November 2021, Kenneth Robert Stough, Jr was arrested for the murder of 31-year old Terence Paquette who was found stabbed to death at the Lil' Champ convenience store n
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microarray chip, but FamilyTreeDNA changed to the Illumina OmniExpress chip and retested all customers who had results from the Affymetrix chip for forward compatibility.
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187:(who presumably shared his Y-chromosome) and male-line descendants of his freed slave Sally Hemings shared the same Y-chromosome and a recent common ancestry.
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American, etc.). Notably, unlike other testing companies, they chose to strip out markers for mendelian medical issues, mtDNA results, and Y-DNA SNP results.
533:. In November 2022, the state Supreme Court overturned his conviction, ruling that the statute of limitations had indeed expired by the time of his arrest.
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scientist involved in the original Cohen investigation tested the Argentine's and Greenspan's cousin's Y chromosomes. Their haplotypes matched perfectly.
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Skorecki, Karl; Selig, Sara; Blazer, Shraga; Bradman, Robert; Bradman, Neil; Waburton, P. J.; Ismajlowicz, Monica; Hammer, Michael F. (January 1, 1997).
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Greenspan, born and raised in Omaha, Nebraska, has been interested in genealogy from a very young age; he drew his first family tree at age 11.
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618:. In June 2022, Anderson was found guilty of his offenses and in August, Anderson was sentenced to life in prison with 20 years before parole.
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In May 2020, Angelo Alleano Jr., a firefighter, was arrested for four burglaries and sexual assaults that occurred between 2001 and 2008 in
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38:
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442:, Ltd. After restructuring, the business consisted of four divisions, one of these being FamilyTreeDNA for genealogical DNA tests. It is
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2441:"Ogden man pleads not guilty to slew of sexual assault charges, files motion to dismiss some charges | Courts | standard.net"
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253:(WTY) test. The WTY test offered the most adventurous of citizen scientists the chance to seek the discovery of new Y-chromosome SNPs.
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In April 2020, James Raymond Taylor was identified as the Aug. 18, 1963 rapist and murderer of 16-year old Margaret "Peggy" Beck near
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who was found dead in Lake Pepin in 2003. In January 2023, Matter pled guilty to second-degree intentional murder for her sons death.
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created African DNA in partnership with FamilyTreeDNA to help promote genetic testing for personal ancestry among African Americans.
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In October 2020, a skull and other remains of a man found in a wooded area in Giddings, Texas were identified as James L. Hamm. The
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Between 2007 and 2010, FamilyTreeDNA forged several new partnerships that allowed them to access additional international markets.
1587:"Houston-Based Gene By Gene To Provide Student Clinical Phase Instruction, Training, And Supervision At MD Anderson Cancer Center"
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Elhaik, E.; Greenspan, E.; Staats, S.; Krahn, T.; Tyler-Smith, C.; Xue, Y.; Tofanelli, S.; Francalacci, P.; et al. (2013).
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2946:"Judge sentences killer to life for 1981 murder in Cherry Hills Village: "You will never breathe another free breath""
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581:. In June 2022, Alleano pled guilty to the charges against him. In September, he was sentenced to 25 years in prison.
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FamilyTreeDNA staff were instrumental in developing the Geno 2.0 Next Generation product for the second phase of the
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standards and they are based on various biotechnology products, including for example sequencing platform NovaSeq by
2313:
1051:
Ugo A. Perego; Ann Turner; Jayne E. Ekins; Scott R. Woodward (December 2005). "The Science of Molecular Genealogy".
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1631:"Supreme Court Ruling Today Allows DNATraits to Offer Low Cost BRCA Breast and Ovarian Cancer Gene Testing in U.S."
632:
In November 2022, Douglas L. Weber was arrested for the January 7, 1996 kidnapping and rape of a teenaged woman in
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3285:
2550:"A man convicted of murder is the first person in California to be exonerated with the help of genetic genealogy"
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2821:"PPB Cold Case Homicide Detectives Identify Suspect in 20 year-old Homicide with Forensic Genealogy-Arrest Made"
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2570:"CA Man Who Spent 14 Years in Prison for Murder Becomes First to be Exonerated with Help of Genetic Genealogy"
1940:"Man Charged in Cold Case Rapes of Woman and 9-Year-Old Girl, Accused of Sexually Abusing 3rd Victim: O.C. DA"
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in 1999. In August 2021, O’Connor pled guilty to second-degree murder and was sentenced to 12 years in prison.
230:(hypervariable region 1) of the mtDNA. Eventually, they added a Plus test that tested for both HVR1 and HVR2.
2106:"Bodies found in the 'killing fields' haunted Southeast Texas for decades. Will new clues lead to a suspect?"
1075:
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A real estate developer and entrepreneur, Greenspan has been interested in genealogy since his preteen days.
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In February 2019, Jerry Westrom was arrested as the suspect behind the 1993 murder of Jeanne Ann Childs in
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In January 2019, California police arrested Kevin Konther for the brutal rape of a nine-year-old girl in
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In February 2021, David Dwayne Anderson was arrested for the August 4, 1981 Murder of Sylvia Quayle in
1234:"Harvard Professor Henry Louis Gates, Jr. Joins Forces With Family Tree DNA To Launch africandna.com"
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1007:
405:
2932:"1981 Cold Case: David Dwayne Anderson Arrested for Murder of Sylvia Quayle in Cherry Hills Village"
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had been investigating the case since June 2019, and had uploaded his DNA to both FamilyTreeDNA and
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2427:"'God took him before we got the chance': Suspect identified in 1981 killing of 18-year-old woman"
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2704:"Genealogy Service Leads to Arrest of Firefighter Charged in Sex Assaults in Vernon, Manchester"
963:
2665:"NC woman gets 12 years in death of infant she left on a road 20 years ago | Sandhills NC"
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In February 2020, Michael Green was arrested for the 1985 murder of 54-year old Jane Hylton in
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In February 2020, Deborah Riddle O' Conner was arrested for the murder of a "Baby Michael" in
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2918:"DNA on discarded Vanilla Coke can leads to arrest in 40-year-old Colorado cold case murder"
2613:"Forensic genealogy group helps Cumberland County investigators crack 21-year-old cold case"
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chip based DNA test. They called the new product Family Finder. The initial product used an
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2971:"DNA on beer cans leads to arrest in 1996 cold case murder of Florida man stabbed 73 times"
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2856:"California woman accused of killing newborn 32 years ago is loving grandma, attorney says"
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2269:"Fresh look at evidence, discarded cigarette butt lead to arrest in 1993 cold case attack"
2018:"Man accused of 1973 slaying of Linda O'Keefe and child sexual assaults pleads not guilty"
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co-founders Bennett Greenspan and Max Blankfeld joined the MYDNA, Inc Board of Directors.
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1969:"Witnesses asked to come forward in cold case murder, suspect arrested in El Paso County"
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2039:"Exclusive: The FBI Had Already Accessed Family Tree DNA's Database Before Cooperation"
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506:. They were 30-year-old Audrey Lee Cook and 34-year-old mother of two Donna Prudhomme.
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2466:"'Clearfield Rapist' avoids death penalty in new murder case, receives life in prison"
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The first tests offered by FamilyTreeDNA were Y-chromosome STR and mitochondrial DNA (
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2651:"Burke County woman gets 12 years in death of infant she left on a road 20 years ago"
2522:"Finding accused serial rapist Mark Douglas Burns involved DNA, burned down building"
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Oregon man Christopher Lovrien charged in 2 killings that took place 2 decades apart
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allow law enforcement to use their service to identify suspects of "a violent crime"
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3019:"Red Wing woman pleads guilty to murder of baby found by Mississippi River in 2003"
1916:"DNA Testing Company FamilyTreeDNA Gives FBI Access To Nearly Two Million Profiles"
1396:"SNP coverage analysis/comparisons (23andme v3/v4, AncestryDNA, FTDNA) • r/23andme"
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Gene by Gene were acquired by MYDNA, Inc., an Australian company, in January 2021.
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2991:"Red Wing woman arrested in deaths of two babies found deceased in 1999 and 2003"
324:. Dr Lior Rauchberger commenced his role as CEO of MYDNA, Inc immediately. While
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2494:"Serial rapist to spend life in prison for decades-old attacks in northern Utah"
1868:"Golden State Killer Backlash? Public Databases Shutting Down in Wake of Arrest"
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3005:"How genetic genealogy works to solve cold cases, used in recent Red Wing case"
1276:"Try our family offer to trace your ancestors using genetics and FamilyTreeDNA"
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In May 2020, Christopher Lovrien was charged with the murder of Mark Dribin in
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In the early days, they did not confirm haplogroups for either mtDNA or Y-DNA.
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2679:"Genealogy helps track another Colorado cold case suspect, the oldest one yet"
1421:"I hate the way they delete data from autosomal test - Family Tree DNA Forums"
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2795:"Former Manchester firefighter gets max 25-year sentence in serial rape case"
1993:"Linda Ann O'Keefe cold case: Murder, sexual assault suspect dies in custody"
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for the murder of her newborn baby boy who was found dead on May 15, 1988 in
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2729:"Family Ancestry Search Connects Longtime Firefighter to Rape Investigation"
2480:"Serial rapist sentenced to life in prison for 2001 murder of Wyoming woman"
1954:"Man convicted of California rapes that attorney blamed on defendant's twin"
3075:
3034:"DNA links suspect to 1996 kidnapping, rape of teen girl in Midland County"
2637:"NC woman gets 12 years in death of infant she left on a road 20 years ago"
2598:"Murderer sentenced in South Lake Tahoe; Family of victim addresses killer"
2350:"Defense says case against accused serial predator is too old to prosecute"
1531:
2091:"FamilyTreeDNA Helps Identify Two Victims from the "Texas Killing Fields""
1771:"One Of The Biggest At-Home DNA Testing Companies Is Working With The FBI"
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884:"Houston-based Gene by Gene and FamilyTreeDNA acquired by Australian firm"
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test, or a full sequence test of the entire mitochondrial DNA chromosome.
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for the sexual assaults of six women at knife-point from 1995 to 2004 in
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2508:"Trucker arrested in series of decades-old Wyoming and Utah rape cases"
2201:"Suspect in series of rapes in San Diego, Riverside counties sentenced"
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1712:"Customers Handed Over Their DNA. The Company Let the FBI Take a Look"
1154:"FamilyTreeDNA Review - Everything You Need to Know About FTDNA Tests"
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Services provided by FamilyTreeDNA are made in own laboratory meeting
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1472:"Y-DNA Haplotree Reaches 50,000 Branches, a Milestone for Genealogy"
2124:"Arizona man faces 8 counts in 24-year-old rape cases in San Diego"
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219:) tests like those used by published academic studies at the time.
2584:"New suspect in 1985 El Dorado Hills murder jailed in Placerville"
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1853:"Home DNA testing company agrees to shield genetic data from FBI"
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In December 2018, FamilyTreeDNA changed its terms of service to
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195:(PhD), one of a team of scientists that first published on the
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1076:"Talk of The Town – At Familytree DNA, it's all Relative"
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2398:"Ohio high court throws out conviction in 26-year cold case"
2314:"Cold case ends with attempted aggravated murder conviction"
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2769:"Former firefighter pleads guilty to four sexual assaults"
2173:"Arizona man pleads guilty to series of knife-point rapes"
2149:"New Details Emerge on Suspect in 1995 Sex Assault Series"
1797:"FamilyTreeDNA Admits to Sharing Genetic Data With F.B.I."
1315:"DNA Testing for Ancestry & Genealogy | FamilyTreeDNA"
856:"FamilyTreeDNA Admits to Sharing Genetic Data With F.B.I."
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in 1998 and said they had used FamilyTreeDNA services and
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for its services. (System in different facility pictured.)
462:
List of arrest or identifications made with FamilyTreeDna
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Inquirer, Matthew P. Knox / Journal (3 September 2022).
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Y-chromosome STR testing for the Cohen Modal Haplotype.
179:
FamilyTreeDNA was founded based on an idea conceived by
121:
1663:"Family Tree DNA Conference 2012 – Nits and Grits"
1447:"Is BIG Y the only Y-DNA test That You Will Ever Need?"
1344:"DNA Testing Kits for Ancestry & Finding Relatives"
2244:"DNA helped solve 1993 rape case; county man indicted"
1370:"Promethease – Genetic Health Information Alternative"
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and is currently eligible for parole in February 2038.
2229:"Judge rejects effort to toss Bortree attempted case"
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texasobserver.org/genetic-genealogy-texas-murder-dna
509:
In May 2019, Christopher VanBuskirk was arrested in
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1686:"A Visit to Family Tree DNA's State-of-the-Art Lab"
1498:"The GenoChip: A New Tool for Genetic Anthropology"
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2819:Portland Police Public Information (2020-05-04).
2754:"DNA, genealogy led to arrest in series of rapes"
2147:Avitabile, Rafael; Ojeda, Artie; Garske, Monica.
1646:to its state-of-the-art Genomics Research Center.
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404:testing, offering the choice of either a limited
367:In May 2010, FamilyTreeDNA launched an autosomal
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739:Genetic genealogy and anthro-genetics companies
2328:"County man sentenced to maximum in cold case"
2293:"County man sentenced to maximum in cold case"
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2063:"Jurors convict Westrom in cold case killing"
930:Dardashti, Schelly Talalay (March 30, 2008).
303:In November 2008, a dynamic partnership with
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1572:. January 26, 2018. Retrieved June 28, 2018.
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1059:(1–4). National Genealogical Society: 248.
226:FamilyTreeDNA's first mtDNA tests were for
3183:International Society of Genetic Genealogy
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1140:"DNA Genealogy Timeline Genetic Genealogy"
1080:Greater Houston Weekly / Houston Chronicle
769:International Society of Genetic Genealogy
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29:
1550:. June 28, 2018. Retrieved June 28, 2018.
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1019:
797:
795:
793:
592:In July 2020, Lesa Lopez was arrested in
2767:Staff, Journal Inquirer (24 June 2022).
1769:Hernandez, Salvador (January 31, 2019).
909:"Bennett Greenspan of FamilyTreeDNA.com"
450:Data policy and usage by law enforcement
2894:"CONFIRMED SIBLING OF SKELETAL REMAINS"
2215:"CDCR Public Inmate Locator Disclaimer"
1892:"Your DNA Test Could Crack a Cold Case"
1053:National Genealogical Society Quarterly
957:
955:
789:
775:Sorenson Molecular Genealogy Foundation
237:Opening of the Genomics Research Center
1745:"Connecting Families and Saving Lives"
1204:"Family Tree DNA takes root in Europe"
833:Autosomal DNA testing comparison chart
802:Bradford, Nicole (February 24, 2008).
2077:"Westrom sentenced to life in prison"
1705:
1703:
7:
2415:Donald Perea Jeannie Moore Genealogy
1743:Greenspan, Bennett (February 2019).
1661:Estes, Roberta (November 13, 2012).
877:
875:
153:. FamilyTreeDNA offers analysis of
962:Lomax, John Nova (April 14, 2005).
3032:Waterman, Cole (3 November 2022).
1973:KKTV 11 News, Colorado Springs, Co
1710:Marcus, Amy Dockser (2019-08-22).
1368:Roberta Estes (30 December 2013).
932:"When oral history meets genetics"
907:Capper, Russ (November 15, 2008).
342:sequencing system by Illumina Inc.
27:Commercial genetic testing company
25:
3311:Laboratories in the United States
1585:Moore, Charles (April 24, 2013).
1560:Helix DNA Sequencing and Geno 2.0
996:"Y chromosomes of Jewish priests"
829:"Family Tree DNA Learning Center"
804:"Riding the 'genetic revolution'"
531:Richland Correctional Institution
312:Acquisition by MYDNA, Inc. (2021)
3253:
3252:
1684:Moore, CeCe (February 9, 2013).
1374:DNAeXplained - Genetic Genealogy
1255:"DNA Ancestry Website, Homepage"
1107:"Moneymakers: Bennett Greenspan"
1105:Belli, Anne (January 18, 2005).
471:1995 and a 31-year-old woman at
290:DNA Ancestry & Family Origin
175:Concept and founding (2000–2002)
2037:Augenstein, Seth (2019-03-19).
1866:Augenstein, Seth (2018-05-24).
1289:Russell, Judy G. (2021-01-10).
911:. The BusinessMakers Radio Show
387:The company markets a range of
199:in 1997 in the journal Nature.
69:, Max Blankfeld, and Jim Warren
1914:Silva, Precious (2019-02-04).
1828:"Horseshoes and Hand Grenades"
683:Single-nucleotide polymorphism
616:Cherry Hills Village, Colorado
523:California Institution for Men
242:the Genomics Research Center.
1:
3316:Companies established in 2000
2825:Portland Oregon Police Bureau
2348:Mcentyre, Glen (2019-08-30).
2267:Mcentyre, Glen (2019-08-21).
1967:Grewe, Lindsey (2019-02-21).
1394:firemylasers (15 July 2015).
882:Mathews, Chris (2021-01-08).
3321:2000 establishments in Texas
2104:Flynn, Meagan (2019-04-17).
1920:International Business Times
1795:Haag, Matthew (2019-02-04).
1502:Genome Biology and Evolution
1278:. MyHeritage. November 2008.
1223:, accessed February 23, 2015
854:Haag, Matthew (2019-02-04).
668:Human mitochondrial genetics
249:Soon came the launch of the
3301:American genealogy websites
3281:Genetic genealogy companies
2611:Chapin, Josh (2020-02-22).
2242:Tipple, Bill (2019-08-20).
1749:FamilyTreeDNA Press Release
1074:Gibbens, Pam (April 2006).
340:FamilyTreeDNA uses NovaSeq
3337:
3306:Genetic genealogy projects
3291:Companies based in Houston
2898:www.leecountysherifftx.org
2870:"Lee County John Doe 1984"
1688:. Your Genetic Genealogist
1179:"Walk Through the Y (WTY)"
431:
3248:
3113:
705:Polymerase chain reaction
634:Larkin Township, Michigan
485:Newport Beach, California
473:Mission Viejo, California
400:FamilyTreeDNA also sells
211:Early testing (2000–2006)
35:
3107:Genealogical DNA testing
2354:WBNS-10TV Columbus, Ohio
2273:WBNS-10TV Columbus, Ohio
2093:. Cision. 11 April 2019.
1545:Geno 2.0 Next Generation
1425:forums.familytreedna.com
1208:Houston Business Journal
888:Houston Business Journal
808:Houston Business Journal
49:Genealogical DNA testing
3296:Commercial laboratories
561:Raleigh, North Carolina
1476:FamilyTreeDNA.com blog
493:Minneapolis, Minnesota
345:
2874:DNA Doe Project Cases
1319:www.familytreedna.com
1295:The Legal Genealogist
1291:"DNA winds of change"
658:Genealogical DNA test
554:murder of Angie Dodge
363:Autosomal DNA testing
339:
197:Cohen Modal Haplotype
2617:ABC11 Raleigh-Durham
2600:. 28 September 2022.
2524:. 27 September 2019.
2510:. 27 September 2019.
500:Texas Killing Fields
424:for DNA sequencing.
406:hypervariable region
332:DNA testing products
3204:Surname DNA project
3199:Genographic Project
2934:. 25 February 2021.
2586:. 17 February 2020.
2572:. 14 February 2020.
2558:. 14 February 2020.
2429:. 9 September 2019.
2203:. 21 February 2020.
2175:. 18 December 2019.
2110:The Washington Post
2079:. 9 September 2022.
1956:. 24 February 2023.
1894:. 26 December 2020.
1716:Wall Street Journal
1665:. dna-explained.com
1634:Wall Street Journal
1548:National Geographic
1012:1997Natur.385...32S
964:"Who's Your Daddy?"
764:Genographic Project
678:Short tandem repeat
579:Vernon, Connecticut
418:Genographic Project
412:Genographic Project
32:
3070:Famous Haplogroups
3021:. 25 January 2023.
2979:. 4 November 2021.
2482:. 7 December 2020.
2468:. 4 December 2020.
2404:. 3 November 2022.
2384:"Offender Details"
1942:. 15 January 2019.
1800:The New York Times
1565:2023-10-21 at the
1514:10.1093/gbe/evt066
1451:DNA Testing Choice
1086:on August 31, 2013
936:The Jerusalem Post
727:Applied Biosystems
594:Salida, California
519:Riverside Counties
504:League City, Texas
346:
251:Walk Through the Y
3268:
3267:
3157:Bennett Greenspan
3141:Genetic genealogy
2653:. 11 August 2021.
2639:. 11 August 2021.
2536:"Offender Search"
2231:. 15 August 2020.
2065:. 25 August 2022.
2043:Forensic Magazine
2023:Los Angeles Times
1872:Forensic Magazine
1348:familytreedna.com
1111:Houston Chronicle
717:Test manufactures
710:Sanger sequencing
673:Phylogenetic tree
663:Genetic genealogy
648:Genetic genealogy
568:Deckers, Colorado
543:Utah State Prison
477:genetic genealogy
284:Henry Louis Gates
181:Bennett Greenspan
163:mitochondrial DNA
145:company based in
137:is a division of
132:
131:
67:Bennett Greenspan
16:(Redirected from
3328:
3286:Applied genetics
3256:
3255:
3100:
3093:
3086:
3077:
3066:
3065:
3063:Official website
3049:
3048:
3046:
3044:
3029:
3023:
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3009:
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2995:
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2908:
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2890:
2884:
2883:
2881:
2880:
2866:
2860:
2859:
2858:. 5 August 2020.
2852:
2846:
2841:
2835:
2834:
2832:
2831:
2816:
2810:
2809:
2807:
2805:
2799:Journal Inquirer
2790:
2784:
2783:
2781:
2779:
2773:Journal Inquirer
2764:
2758:
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2518:
2512:
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2504:
2498:
2497:
2496:. April 6, 2020.
2490:
2484:
2483:
2476:
2470:
2469:
2462:
2456:
2455:
2453:
2452:
2443:. Archived from
2437:
2431:
2430:
2423:
2417:
2412:
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2405:
2394:
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2059:
2053:
2052:
2050:
2049:
2034:
2028:
2027:
2026:. 30 March 2019.
2014:
2008:
2007:
2005:
2003:
1997:True Crime Daily
1989:
1983:
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1211:
1200:
1194:
1193:
1191:
1190:
1181:. Archived from
1175:
1169:
1168:
1166:
1165:
1158:smarterhobby.com
1150:
1144:
1143:
1135:
1126:
1125:
1119:
1117:
1102:
1096:
1095:
1093:
1091:
1082:. Archived from
1071:
1065:
1064:
1048:
1042:
1041:
1023:
1021:10.1038/385032a0
991:
982:
981:
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825:
819:
818:
816:
814:
799:
623:Orlando, Florida
586:Portland, Oregon
511:Goodyear Arizona
318:pharmacogenomics
246:testing method.
185:Thomas Jefferson
128:
125:
123:
119:
116:
114:
40:
33:
21:
3336:
3335:
3331:
3330:
3329:
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3326:
3325:
3271:
3270:
3269:
3264:
3244:
3230:Family Tree DNA
3208:
3187:
3171:
3145:
3109:
3104:
3061:
3060:
3057:
3052:
3042:
3040:
3031:
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3003:
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2998:
2989:
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2964:
2955:
2953:
2950:The Denver Post
2944:
2943:
2939:
2930:
2929:
2925:
2920:. 2 March 2021.
2916:
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2902:
2900:
2892:
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2813:
2803:
2801:
2792:
2791:
2787:
2777:
2775:
2766:
2765:
2761:
2756:. 10 June 2020.
2752:
2751:
2747:
2738:
2736:
2733:NBC Connecticut
2727:
2726:
2722:
2713:
2711:
2708:NBC Connecticut
2702:
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2153:NBC 7 San Diego
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1592:
1590:
1589:. BioNews Texas
1584:
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1567:Wayback Machine
1558:
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1221:iGENEA web site
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1197:
1188:
1186:
1177:
1176:
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1163:
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1138:Bopp, Georgia.
1137:
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605:DNA Doe Project
550:El Dorado Hills
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334:
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143:genetic testing
141:, a commercial
120:
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3123:Types of tests
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3110:
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3088:
3080:
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3073:
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3055:External links
3053:
3051:
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3024:
3010:
3007:. 10 May 2022.
2996:
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1787:
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1735:
1699:
1676:
1650:
1622:
1611:. Gene by Gene
1609:"Gene by Gene"
1600:
1574:
1552:
1537:
1508:(5): 1021–31.
1488:
1463:
1438:
1412:
1386:
1360:
1330:
1306:
1281:
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1225:
1213:
1210:. Houston, TX.
1195:
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859:New York Times
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