Fan (person) - Knowledge (XXG)

952:, sports fans will gather together, often while consuming food and alcoholic beverages, with the purpose of following a particular sporting event on television as a group. Sports bars often advertise in hopes of drawing fans of a particular player or team to watch together to increase bonds between fans and prevent fights. This can create the sense of unity in a sports bar as all cheers and boos will appear to be synchronized due to similar feelings and reactions by nearly all fans at the fortunes and misfortunes of the favored team or athlete. Due to the level of devotion and intensity of feeling towards the favored team or athlete by sports bar patrons, as well as partially due to the alcohol being served, behavior that would be seen as unruly or fanatical outside a sports bar is generally more common inside of one. The intensity of cheering and jeering at a sports bar by sports fans can often range from equal to stronger than that of fans actually at the sporting event for particularly significant games and matches. 956:

perhaps seen as most acceptable in comparison to the sports bar or sporting venue simply because such acts taken to such an extreme can be seen as disruptive to a large number of fellow fans even if they share the same sentiment if it is of less intensity. The greatest variables of the reaction of a sports fan in their own home are the intensity of the fan's desire to see their team win or perform well, and the presence of another: often a wife, children, or friends who may be significantly less ardent sports fans or not sports fans at all, which may significantly temper the fan's reaction to a highly positive or negative moment due to the fear of causing a scene or scaring those close to the fan, or alienating themselves from said others. Often sports fans will invite other fans of relatively similar rooting intensity over to their house to experience a sporting event together so that all involved can voice pleasure or displeasure to their heart's content and increase

335: 638: 262: 48: 1631: 1402: 1587: 1524: 1473: 860: 1657:, defined as " person who is regarded as foolish, offensive, worthless; an overly diligent, unsociable student; any unsociable person obsessively devoted to a particular pursuit," are often used to describe stereotypical fanboys. In regards to chosen fandoms, they are typically associated with comic books, video games, science fiction movies or television series, or technology (such as computer or smartphone brands). 4758: 1293:, "men come to hear the music and chicks come for the sex thrills," implying that women's involvement in fan communities is purely sexual, and that they are incapable of displaying intellectual or artistic interest in the music itself. Those who do manage to become involved within the world of 'serious' music are often relegated to the realm of a 'groupie'. A groupie, according to Cheryl Cline, is 1223: 4768: 1619: 978: 1289:

accepted, within pop music fandoms, which Diane Railton describes as evoking an emotional and physical response, in contrast with the 'masculine' rock music, which is defined as 'serious' music with a 'meaning', focusing on political, cultural, and psychological discussion. Due to this, women are rarely given space or voice within the intellectual realm of music. According to

302:) The likelihood for a subject of interest to be elevated to the level of fandom appears to be dictated by its complexity. Complexity allows further involvement of fans for a longer period of time because of the time needed to work the subject of interest 'out.' It also contributes to a greater sense of belonging because of the mental effort invested in the subject. 1435:, where, multiple times throughout the show's run, the four main characters, portrayed as 'nerdy fanboys', are humiliated by larger 'real men'. For instance, in the show pilot, the two main characters, Leonard and Sheldon, get their pants taken by the main female character's ex-boyfriend, who is portrayed as big, strong, tough, confident, and successful with women. 902:, which consists of clapping, fist-pumping, or shouting positive exclamations toward the field of play and ultimately, the favorable object. Likewise, displeasure toward a particular incident, player, or team may be met by fans with booing, shouting of expletives, and sometimes throwing of objects onto the field. This violent type of fan reaction is often called 910: 4746: 452: 1374:'feminine,' 'womanly,' and 'gay,' and teaches boys to avoid them at all costs. And, most importantly, they're taught that real men turn to violence not as a last resort, but as the go-to method of resolving disputes – and also as a primary means of winning respect and establishing masculine credibility. 1679:

Fanboys are often portrayed as quite angry, violent, and offensive while defending the objects of their affection, such as the smartphone fanboys who frequently verbally attack anybody saying anything the slightest bit offensive about their chosen technological product through online anonymous sites.

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Fangirls are often portrayed as teenagers obsessed with something to a frightening degree. The term is often used in a demeaning, derogatory fashion and is said to describe the fans that give "normal" fans a bad name. In fact, the term "fangirling" is used to describe anyone who obsessively follows a

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can't show any emotion except anger. We can't think too much or seem too intellectual. We can't back down when someone disrespects us. We have to show we're tough enough to inflict physical pain and take it in turn. We're supposed to be sexually aggressive with women. And then we're taught that if we

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They attribute people becoming fans to the following factors: One element is entertainment, because sports spectatorship is a form of leisure. Sports is also a form of escapism, and being a fan gives one an excuse to yell at something, an activity that may be constrained in other areas of one's life.

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These acts of adoration are societally limited to adolescent youth, or menopausal women, in both instances blaming "these two periods of hormonal lunacy" on the irrational, overtly sexual behaviour. For instance, Cheryl Cline, in her text entitled "Essays from Bitch: The Women's Rock Newsletter with

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This trend can also be observed within other fan communities, such as comic book fandoms, where women are frequently portrayed as "Fake Geek Girls", only interested in comic books to impress guys or to view the attractive men present within their content, or sports communities, where women are often

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had this to say about her stans, "They support me and buy my albums and singles, and they stand outside hotels, and they come to shows, and they get tattoos of my lyrics and they cut their hair like me. You have to love your fans. That's why I call them my Heartbeats, because without them I wouldn't

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Aesthetics are another draw for some fans, who appreciate the precision or skill of play, or of the coordinated movement of the players during a pre-planned "play". Family bonding is a reason for some fan activities. Some families watch televised sports on a regular basis and go to sports games as a

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At home, sports fans may have few fellow fans but also more freedom. This is sometimes where the most intense cheering or jeering will take place. In the fan's own home, unbridled and lengthy screaming, crying, acts of destruction to household objects, and other manifestations of joy or anguish, are

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Furthermore, while discussing Beatlemania and the crazed Beatles fangirl behaviour, Barbara Ehrenreich, Elizabeth Heiss, and Gloria Jacobs mention how the 'only cure' for what was at the time considered an affliction was age, and that similarly to "the girls who had screamed for Frank Sinatra," the

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The appropriate reaction to contact with – such as occupying the same auditorium or city block – was to sob uncontrollably while screaming, 'I'm gonna die, I'm gonna die,' or, more optimistically, the name of a favorite Beatle, until the onset of either unconsciousness or laryngitis. Girls peed in

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to the point where it interferes with their daily lives. Such a trend of 'authentic' versus 'inauthentic' fan is common within fan communities, and is particularly pertinent to gender discrimination and misogynistic ideals. However, on the other hand of the spectrum, some fangirls have embraced the

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Fanboy portrayals, by definition, do not fit into this mold of a 'real man', with the exception of sports fans. In a study by Gerard Jones on comic book fans, he described the comic book fanboys as "small, anxious, withdrawn, and terrified of the opposite sex." Quite the opposite of the 'real man'

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in the bathroom will yell, 'No woman of mine is gonna hang a poster of Prince naked to the waist on the inside of the closet of the spare room where no one will see it!' ntil you reach the age when everybody thinks you're crazy anyway, so why not admit to an intense hankering to run your fingers

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person (a woman, usually), who 'chases after' rock stars, as my mother would say. But 'groupie' is also used more or less synonymously with 'girl Rock fan', 'female journalist', and 'woman Rock musician'; it's used to mean anyone working in the music field who isn't actually a Rock musician; it's

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The mentality of the sports fan is often such that they will experience a game, or event while living vicariously through players or teams whom the fan favors. This behavior manifests itself in a number of different ways, depending on the venue. At a stadium or arena, sports fans will voice their

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stated. Going to sports events can create a borrowed sense of self-esteem if fans identify with their teams to the extent that they consider themselves to be successful when their teams have been successful (e.g., as seen in the phrase "we have won"). If a fan identifies strongly with a favorite

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omeone who hangs around the players, always on the lookout for the chance to get that autograph / photograph / quick pint / quick knee trem-bler round the back of the Arena from the player or players (or even coach) of their choice, heck let's face it even the water carrier is in with a chance

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Women tend to be "more restricted in their leisure choices and opportunities than men," and their experiences within fandoms are typically demeaned to a more sexualized, emotional, or bodily experience, as opposed to intellectual interests. For example, in music, women are more predominant, and

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Qualities like compassion, caring, empathy, intellectual curiosity, fear, vulnerability, even love – basic human qualities that boys have inside them every bit as much as girls do – get methodically driven out of them by a sexist and homophobic culture that labels these things as 'unmanly,'

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Bite", discusses how women need to keep their interests hidden once they pass adolescence. In her own words, "t's a sign of maturity to pack up all the posters, photos, magazines, scrapbooks, and unauthorized biographies you so lovingly collected and shove them in the back of the closet.

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The fangirls', often stereotyped as female, so-called 'hysteria' is described as the product of sexual repression. However, while it is expected for women to be involved in certain fandoms for physical or sexual reasons, this is also viewed as undesirable and driven by hormonal changes.

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instead of football. This lack of traditional masculine traits warrants them much teasing from peers, parental figures, coaches, or older male role models for not conforming to these ideas of masculinity. A popular example of such treatment in mainstream media is shown on the sitcom

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genres. Some "Trekkies" prefer to be referred to as "Trekkers" as they feel the term "Trekkies" was used in the past as a derogatory name for them and they hope to avoid the traditional stigma sometimes associated with being known as a "Trekkie". Many "old school" fans of the

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made uncomfortable at live sporting events due to the overt sexism and aggressive masculinity displayed by male spectators, and then labelled as 'inauthentic' for viewing the games via television instead. Within hockey, female fans are often called "Puck Bunnies", defined as,

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These conflicting accounts of fangirl behaviour are due to the belief that women are not supposed to express such sexual fantasies unless influenced by some hormonal induced craziness, while for men it is normal to be sexual regardless of age. As Cheryl Cline summarizes,

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in hockey. Other, more mild forms of displeasure shown by sports fans at sporting events involve simple groans of disappointment, and silence. These actions often denote that the favored home team is being outperformed by, or has lost to the much less-favored road team.

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be here". In 2012, after Jessie J broke her leg, a stan broke her own leg to emulate the injury. The fan tracked down Jessie J's personal address and sent her a photograph of the self-inflicted injury. The singer was horrified and decided to increase her security.

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An exception to this portrayal is the sports fan, who is expected to be overtly sexual, and aggressive. This portrayal is particularly dominant within the sports arena, which provides a legitimate site for people to act in hypermasculinized ways. According to

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In other words, the term 'groupie' (used synonymously with the term 'fan' or 'fangirl') is frequently used to shame women involved within the music community, restricting their involvement to sexual relations with band members or worshipping male rock stars.

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In terms of their involvement within fandoms, fangirls are typically portrayed as losing all control, fainting, sobbing, and dashing about in mobs. For instance, while describing the phenomenon of Beatlemania, fan activity is described by stating that:

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matches the severity of the obsessive character in the song. The word is sometimes described as a portmanteau of "stalker" and "fan", but this has never been confirmed. A website known as "Stan Wars" or "stanipedia" sprouted up to host discussions and

219:, owner of the Saint Louis Brown Stockings in 1882. Von der Ahe sold tickets for 25 cents, hoping the many patrons would purchase his beer; the low ticket price helped him lead the stats in attendance. He called the fanatics filling his stands "fans". 933:

In North America, extremely enthusiastic fans are often called "superfans": fans who dress up in outrageous and ostentatious costumes or outfits showing their devotion. Fanbases well known for their tenacious love and undying support are called

1651:, defined as " insignificant, foolish, or socially inept person; a person who is boringly conventional or studious; a person who pursues an unfashionable or highly technical interest with obsessive or exclusive dedication," as well as the term 1448:, a show typically geared towards young girls, are often the target of ridicule. Their interest in a 'feminine' media item can be the cause of great shame, causing many to become 'private' bronies, enjoying the show in secret out of fear. 183:

as a noun dates from 1650. However, the term "fancy" for an intense liking of something (a usage attested by 1545), while being of a different etymology, coincidentally carries a less intense but somewhat similar connotation to "fanatic".

1005:". Fans experience euphoria during moments when play is going well for their team, and stress when play is going against their team. This tension between the two emotions generates an unusual sense of pleasure or heightened sensations. 1320:

provide a good example of such attacks, whereby multiple women working within the gaming industry were victims of sexual harassment and violent threats, some even forced to leave their homes for fear of a physical confrontation.

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It's much easier for a man to be indulgent about the crushes of teenage girls than it is for him to be fair-minded about the sexual fantasies of the woman he loves when they're about someone else. And the same guy who'll leave

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has a different opinion on the matter of giving her followers a nickname. She discouraged it by saying "I find it grating to lump everyone into a really awkward, pun-centric name" and affirmed she will never name her fanbase.

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or political groups are generally called "supporters" rather than "fans", although there are politicians with official or unofficial "fan clubs". Intense and organized support for a politician may be referred to as a

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are made to accommodate devotion to the focal object. Fans have a desire for external involvement – they are motivated to demonstrate their involvement with the area of interest through certain behaviors (attending

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is the loyalty felt and expressed by a fan towards the object of their fanaticism. Allegiances can be strong or weak. The loyalties of sports fans have been studied by psychologists and have often been reviewed.

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with other fans. This again may take many forms, from casual conversation, e-mail, chat rooms, and electronic mailing lists to regular face-to-face meetings such as fan club meetings and organized conventions.

286:, posting online, displaying team banners outside their homes, etc.). Fans often have a "wish to acquire" material objects related to the area of interest, such as a baseball hit by a famous slugger or a used 2178:

Earnheardt, Adam C.; Haridakis, Paul M. (May 30, 2013). "Understanding Fans' Consumption and Dissemination of Sports: An Introduction". In Earnheardt, Adam C.; Haridakis, Paul M.; Hugenberg, Barbara (eds.).

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Some of these monikers are almost universally known and used by fans of the artists as well as outsiders. Other nicknames are not commonly used, neither by outsiders nor by the concerning fan-base, such as

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Lighter, more harmless objects are also occasionally thrown onto certain fields of play as a form of celebration of a favorable sports feat. This is most common when a member of the home team scores a

1080:, TV show, group, musical artist, film or film series. The object of the stan's affection is often called "bias" (or "fave", although that is an outdated term). The term comes from the 2000 song " 1951: 786:

was used within fandom as the plural of the word "fan", by analogy with "men" as the plural of "man". This extended to other fanspeak terms, resulting in actifen, passifen, trufen, and so forth.

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Earnheardt, Adam C.; Haridakis, Paul M. (July 16, 2008). "Exploring Motives and Fandom for Viewing Televised Sports". In Hugenberg, Lawrence W.; Haridakis, Paul M.; Earnheardt, Adam C. (eds.).

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Not all fans have a crush on their idols. There are also fans who want to become their friends or respect an idol's relationship. In fact, there are fans who idolize their celebrity couples.

743:, coinages from science fiction novels or films, and archaic or standard English words used in specific ways relevant or amusing to the science fiction community. Some fanspeak terms, like 619:, a mark is a fan who believes that everything associated with professional wrestling is real. In contrast, a "smark" is a fan who recognizes that they are witnessing a stage-managed work (" 1179:, The term "stan" is also used to describe fans of K-pop. The term is not to be confused with Sasaeng fans, which are overly obsessed fans who stalk and sometimes bring harm to idols. 1645:

Fanboys are frequently portrayed as "angry nerds", over-aggressive, derogatory, and protective of the object of their obsession, or as bespectacled, geekoid, obsessive fans. The term

1665:"Many want to be overtly sexist and racist. They need to have this exaggerated sense of their sexuality to defend themselves from potential accusations that they are not real men." 2435: 574:

is a Japanese term for people with obsessive interests. In Japan, the term is normally derogatory, a connotation lacking in English, where it generally refers to people in the

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is an example, a fan of a particular band or musician, who will follow them on concert tours. The degree of devotion to celebrities can range from a simple crush to the

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Music fans can differ somewhat from fans of particular musicians, in that they may focus on a genre of music. Many of the trade journals around music, such as

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previously described by Katz. Their interests may also be considered as a deviation from societal gender roles, according to Noah Berlastsky, such as playing

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A sports fan can be an enthusiast for a particular athlete, team, sport, or all of organized sports as a whole. Sports fans often attend sporting events in

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used as an all-purpose insult and a slut on one's professionalism; it's used as a cute term for 'hero worship'; and it's used interchangeably with 'fan'.

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There are several groups of fans that can be differentiated by the intensity level of their level of involvement or interest in the hobby (level of

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itself, introduced into English around 1550, means "marked by excessive enthusiasm and often intense uncritical devotion". It comes from the Modern

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Fangirls and fanboys in fandoms sometimes, with various meanings, consider their fandom to be their "family", and feel very loyal to it, usually.

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Fan activities give participants a combination of euphoria and stress (about the potential for their team to lose) for which they coin the name "

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team, they will respond to the performance of the team as if team success were a personal success and team failure a personal failure.

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Such discrimination against female fans can become violent at times in an effort to police "authenticity". The recent events known as

3372: 1232: 3329: 2320: 1849: 1265: 199:, a term referring to the fans of a specific hobby or sport from the early 18th century to the 19th, especially to the followers of 3403: 711: 3364: 1088:, which tells the story of an obsessive and delusional fan. The term has frequently been used to describe artist devotees whose 4668: 4189: 52: 3033: 2814: 4098: 4062: 612: 261: 4449: 3839: 3526: 985:

The drivers that make people fans, and in particular sports fans, have been studied by psychologists, such as Dan Wann at

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Furthermore, fanboys also deal with issues of gender discrimination in relation to their fandom interests. For example,

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Ehrenreich, Barbara, Elizabeth Hess, and Gloria Jacobs. "Beatlemania: Girls Just Want to Have Fun." Ed. Lewis, Lisa A.

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Judging Athlete Behaviors: Exploring Possible Predictors of Television Viewer Judgments of Athlete Antisocial Behaviors

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with one another and as a family. Others with no biological relations may view the team and fanbase as their family as

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of the previously loved celebrity, and result in attempts at violent attacks, one notable incident being the death of

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Jones, Gerard. Men of Tomorrow: Geeks, Gangsters, and the Birth of the Comic Book. New York: Basic Books, 2004.

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have been called Kylie Stans. Even for fandoms with specific titles, the "artist stan" formula still applies.

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Gosling, Victoria K. "Girls Allowed? The Marginalization of Female Sports Fans." Eds. Gray, Jonathan, et al.

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fans, as "Trekkies" rather than the kinder, gentler "Trekkers" name used by many of the newer generations of

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Merriam-Webster, the Oxford dictionary and other sources define "fan" as a shortened version of the word

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teams. However, the term "fan" has become popular throughout the English-speaking world, including the

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or an entertainer. Collectively, the fans of a particular object or person constitute its fanbase or

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in a variety of ways, such as by promoting the object of their interest, being members of a related

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Celebrities have positively reacted to their "stan" followings. Notably, English singer-songwriter

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on his back pushing a bicycle with a "Madonna" sticker. On his shoulder is a tattoo of the words "

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Specific sub-groups of science fiction fandom are often known by a collection term. For example:

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in the process. It is becoming common for this type of bonding to take place over sports-related

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has boasted a sizable number of 'Rentheads' since its Broadway debut. Similarly, fans devoted to

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had leveraged the power of fans to drive digital downloads using merchandise bundles. Similarly,

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Crawford, G. and Gosling, V.K. "The Myth of the Puck Bunny: Female Fans and Men's Ice Hockey."

2206:"An examination of fan-athlete interaction: Fandom, parasocial interaction, and identification" 4771: 4497: 4361: 4307: 4290: 4232: 4093: 4081: 3993: 3884: 3722: 3557: 3550: 3543: 3325: 2874:

Cline, Cheryl. "Essays from Bitch: The Women's Rock Newsletter with Bite." Ed. Lewis, Lisa A.

2561: 2388: 2346: 2316: 2285: 2260: 2232: 2184: 2075: 1930: 1872: 1845: 1401: 1243: 841: 478: 432: 424: 396: 216: 78:, is a person who exhibits strong interest or admiration for something or somebody, such as a 2312: 2306: 1792: 179:

or sacred place . The modern sense of "extremely zealous" dates from around 1647; the use of

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where audiences develop one-sided relationships with media personalities and celebrities.

250: 226: 2640:"12 Unforgettable Moments In VMA History: Live Snakes, Baby Bumps, Meat Dresses, Oh My!" 1147:. Some artists, however, do not have specific titles attributed to their stans; fans of 859: 4709: 4678: 4535: 4507: 4474: 4459: 4351: 4322: 4257: 4247: 4175: 4151: 4037: 3819: 3790: 3673: 3658: 3626: 3433: 2789: 1410: 1406: 1384: 537: 460: 283: 234: 123: 56: 1586: 1523: 1472: 4786: 4750: 4602: 4565: 4416: 4399: 4317: 3797: 3132:

Writ./Dir. Jackson Katz and Jeremy Earp. Media Education Foundation Production, 2013.

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or fanatics. These fans often congregate hours before kickoff in what is known as a

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they, to some extent, have served as a template for other organized fandoms in the

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Writ. Jackson Katz. Dir. Sut Jhally. Media Education Foundation Production, 1999.

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Earnheardt, Adam C.; Haridakis, Paul M.; Hugenberg, Barbara, eds. (May 30, 2013).

763:, who enjoys the subject of the fandom and is not directly involved in the fandom. 225:

is a synonym to "fan" that predates the latter term and is still commonly used in

2994:"Fangirls in refrigerators: The politics of (in)visibility in comic book culture" 2038: 4421: 4389: 4146: 4141: 3968: 3928: 3717: 3532: 3520: 3448: 1719: 1709: 1674: 1290: 1132: 1098: 1081: 1031: 1018: 903: 891: 691: 675: 500: 496: 287: 139: 87: 3058: 1618: 977: 477:, famous for making numerous plaster casts of rock stars' penises. Another was 423:

Gaming fans, or "gamers", are fans focused on playing non-sport games, usually

175:, meaning "insanely but divinely inspired". The word originally pertained to a 4650: 4227: 4217: 4012: 3727: 3590: 3504: 3474: 3226: 2937: 1967: 1909: 1382:, Katz also addresses the issue of body image, using multiple movies, such as 1168: 1089: 942: 846: 783: 747:

have become standard English. Some fanspeak terms relate to fans themselves:

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Daniel L. Wann; Merrill J. Melnick; Gordon W. Russell; Dale G. Pease (2001).

2565: 2079: 1456:"Fangirl" and "Fangirls" redirect here. For the novel by Rainbow Rowell, see 4136: 3938: 3910: 3829: 3770: 3492: 2410:"Fervent fans keep faith with heroes even after 'immoral acts', study finds" 2205: 1952:"An exploratory investigation of the characteristics of consumer fanaticism" 1894:"An exploratory investigation of the characteristics of consumer fanaticism" 1639: 1317: 1094: 1077: 926: 806: 760: 642: 368: 364: 356: 242: 131: 79: 3689: 3010: 2759:"Jessie J Talks 'Domino,' Dedicates Her VMA Performance To The Heartbeats" 2588:"Ariana Grande fans are grieving together and their strength is beautiful" 1868:

Crime and Madness in Modern Austria: Myth, Metaphor and Cultural Realities

909: 752: 4582: 4409: 4265: 4002: 3988: 3963: 3948: 3943: 3933: 3923: 3814: 3765: 3663: 3621: 3537: 2732:"Stan, an Eminem song from 2000, is now in the Oxford English Dictionary" 2683: 2467:"What Does "Stan" Mean? Everything You Need to Know About the Slang Term" 1699: 1414: 1398:, to illustrate how 'real men' are defined as big, strong, and muscular. 1395: 1365:

step out of this box, we risk being seen as soft, weak, feminine, or gay.

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for their commitment to extensive band merchandising for dedicated fans.

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with the star which does not exist. In extreme cases, this can lead to

372: 360: 315: 147: 135: 1765: 1566:

Beatles fangirls would " up to be responsible, settled " individuals.

777: 756: 451: 277:

Fans usually have a strong enough interest that some changes in their

269:, gathering around the hotel where Bieber is supposed to be inside in 4597: 3895: 3737: 3732: 3412: 2965:"The absurdity of this 'fake geek guys' video makes a powerful point" 1923:

Anderton, Chris; Hannam, James; Hopkins, Johnny (February 24, 2022).

1506: 1176: 1085: 936: 623:"), but appreciates it nonetheless, including its backstage aspects. 418: 392: 311: 200: 195:

cites William Henry Nugent's work asserting that it was derived from

176: 111: 2385:

Consumer Behavior Knowledge for Effective Sports and Event Marketing

1561:

their pants, fainted, or simply collapsed from the emotional strain.

650:

Since the 1920s, an increasingly elaborate sub-culture of organized

2282:

Sports Fans, Identity, and Socialization: Exploring the Fandemonium

2181:

Sports Fans, Identity, and Socialization: Exploring the Fandemonium

4198: 3958: 3742: 3712: 3585: 3499: 2554:"Arianators assemble: Ariana Grande's fans weave a web of support" 1629: 1617: 1510:

title, considering it a compliment rather than a derogatory term.

1400: 1205: 976: 908: 858: 636: 566: 450: 333: 260: 230: 103: 91: 83: 46: 2790:"Jessie J Increases Security After Fan Breaks Leg to Be Like Her" 187:

Use of "the fancy" to mean avid sports enthusiasts emerged as an

4630: 4027: 3707: 3697: 3359: 2343:

Sports Mania: Essays on Fandom and the Media in the 21st Century

2127:"'RoseBlood' author A.G. Howard talks 'Phantom,' lore, and more" 1653: 1647: 1124: 1120: 830:

universe defiantly, and proudly, refer to themselves, and other

715: 270: 99: 4171: 3385: 3167:"Why Geeks Get Bullied (It's Not Necessarily for Being Geeks)" 2819: 2644: 1580: 1517: 1466: 1216: 1097:

between rival fanbases. The Korean equivalent for a stan is a

740: 473:, were created by music fans. A notable music fan was groupie 290:

from their musical hero. As well, some fans have a desire for

27:

Person who is enthusiastically devoted to something or someone

495:. In the 1960s, the extreme frenzy of music fans surrounding 2305:

Mark Conrad (2006). "What Makes Sports a Unique Business?".

2101:"The Funniest Reactions to the Not-So-Live 'Rent' Live Show" 2925:

Twenty-Minute Fandangos and Forever Changes: A Rock Bazaar.

2204:

Earnheardt, Adam C.; Haridakis, Paul M. (October 1, 2009).

2043: 780:

was used in early fandom as a feminine equivalent to "fan".

586:

People who approve of or associate themselves with certain

515: 203:. According to that theory, it was originally shortened to 3381: 3227:"BABScon 2014 – Bronies; An Analysis of Fandom and Gender" 3034:"Anita Sarkeesian on GamerGate: 'We're Going to Fix This'" 2898:

20, 3. (Oct. 2001): 321–331. JStor. Web. October 26, 2014.

2848:

New York: New York University Press, 2007. Print. 250–260.

2229:

Sport Fans: The Psychology and Social Impact of Spectators

921:

that year, garnering over 53,000 fans per game on average.

722:, sometimes collectively referred to as "fringe fandoms". 3322:

SportFans: The Psychology and Social Impact of Spectators

1054:, the more that people publicly express admiration for a 917:

game in 2008. The stadium had the best attendance in the

725:

Science fiction fandom developed its own slang, known as

706:; and has generated such spin-offs as comic book fandom, 595:, particularly in authoritarian or totalitarian regimes. 557:

in its list of the "Top 10 Musical Fandoms" of the year.

4167: 898:

pleasure with a particular incident, player, or team by

2846:

Fandom: Identities and Communities in a Mediated World.

1599: 1536: 1485: 1101:. Stan culture has been criticized for being toxic and 3208:

Writ. Chuck Lorre and Bill Prady. Dir. James Burrows.

2068:"A Multitude of Fans, With a High Regard for Broadway" 913:

Shea Stadium filled with fans prior to the start of a

1171:'s so called "Nick Jonas Fans", usually appearing on 3111:

The Adoring Audience: Fan Culture and Popular Media.

2876:

The Adoring Audience: Fan Culture and Popular Media.

4692: 4659: 4616: 4528: 4483: 4435: 4382: 4256: 4205: 4129: 4036: 3875: 3751: 3651: 3513: 3457: 3426: 3419: 3342:. 8th Edition, 1996. KaCSFFS Press. No ISBN listed. 2614:"Daily Tweetcap: Lady Gaga Stans For Kylie Minogue" 1793:"The Vocabularist: Are fans fanatical or fanciful?" 1598: with: unbiased point of view. You can help by 1535: with: unbiased point of view. You can help by 1484: with: unbiased point of view. You can help by 662:. This non-centralized movement has given birth to 1764: 654:has arisen, initially among correspondents to the 3113:New York; London: Routledge, 1992. Print. 84–106. 2527:"In 2019, Let's Have A Less Toxic 'Stan' Culture" 1892:Thorne, Scott; Bruner, Gordon (January 1, 2006). 1442:, a group of young men enthralled by the TV show 2894:Railton, Diane. "The Gendered Carnival of Pop." 2878:New York; London: Routledge, 1992. Print. 69–83. 2707:"'Stan' Is Now in the Oxford English Dictionary" 2367:"Legendary Arsenal fan, Maria Petri, dies at 82" 2308:The Business of Sports: A Primer for Journalists 130:. They may also engage in creative activities (" 3349:?. Journal of Consumer Culture, 20(3), 347–365. 3195:Jackson: University Press of Mississippi, 1999. 3193:Comic Book Culture: Fanboys and True Believers. 2039:"The Very Deep Merch Galaxy of Vampire Weekend" 30:"The fans" redirects here. For other uses, see 2154:"The Top 10 Musical Fandoms of 2018 on Tumblr" 1076:is an excessively avid fan and supporter of a 351:These fans will often hold a crush on a major 4183: 3397: 3340:The Neo-Fan's Guide To Science Fiction Fandom 2815:"Lorde Doesn't Want a Cute Name for Her Fans" 1574:"Fanboy" redirects here. For other uses, see 1119:Colloquially, the term can be used as both a 615:. Derived from the same term for the prey of 8: 3310:One of the Lads: Women who Follow Football. 2870: 2868: 2866: 2864: 2862: 2860: 2858: 2856: 2854: 402:This is somewhat related to the concept of 4190: 4176: 4168: 3423: 3404: 3390: 3382: 3299:. Oxford University Press, September 2014. 3286:. Oxford University Press, September 2014. 3105: 3103: 3101: 3099: 2493: 2491: 2489: 2487: 2336: 2334: 2332: 2152:Fitzpatrick, Felicia (November 29, 2018). 1246:. Please do not remove this message until 646:fans cosplaying at Atlanta Dragon Con 2010 245:sense in the United States, to a fan of a 3009: 2987: 2985: 2906: 2904: 2840: 2838: 2836: 2834: 1950:Thorne, Scott; Bruner, Gordon C. (2006). 1266:Learn how and when to remove this message 1009:family outing to watch events and form a 3252: 3250: 3248: 3161: 3159: 3059:"Zoe Quinn: GamerGate must be condemned" 2963:Gavia Baker-Whitelaw (August 27, 2014). 2890: 2888: 2886: 2884: 1378:In the predecessor to this documentary, 1242:Relevant discussion may be found on the 535:have their own particular sets of fans. 509:observed that popular musicians such as 1865:Thomas, Rebecca S. (February 3, 2021). 1730: 3233:from the original on December 11, 2021 3216:, California, USA. September 24, 2007. 3125: 3123: 3121: 3119: 2944:from the original on December 11, 2021 989:, and communication scholars, such as 3857:Organization for Transformative Works 3032:Collins, Sean T. (October 17, 2014). 2066:Paulson, Michael (January 21, 2016). 1842:The Great American Baseball Scrapbook 678:(and various imitators/derivatives), 213:The Great American Baseball Scrapbook 7: 3312:London: Harper Collins, 1997. Print. 2938:"If Geek Girls Acted Like Geek Guys" 2927:Ed. J. Eisen. New York: 1971. 141–7. 2896:Popular Music: Gender and Sexuality. 2612:Martin, Samantha (August 21, 2012). 2227:Wann, Daniel L. (January 10, 2001). 1773:. Oxford University Press. July 2018 1460:. For the musical by Yve Blake, see 1369:He later elaborates, stating that, 774:or contributing to the genre itself. 391:behavior. This can easily switch to 2552:Sullivan, Caroline (May 24, 2017). 2434:O'Keeffe, Kevin (August 25, 2014). 1445:My Little Pony: Friendship Is Magic 1413:", which is the title of a song by 793:is a very active and dedicated fan. 739:, blended words, obscure in-jokes, 547:have been dubbed 'Phans'. In 2018, 2676:"Stan | Meaning of Stan by Lexico" 1926:Music Management, Marketing and PR 866:club fan mother with child and pet 729:after the "Newspeak" of the novel 25: 2998:Transformative Works and Cultures 2788:Sciarretto, Amy (April 2, 2012). 2498:Hawgood, Alex (October 5, 2011). 2183:. Lexington Books. pp. 1–6. 1871:. Cambridge Scholars Publishing. 1394:, as well as action figures like 1343:through Willie Nelson's whiskers? 4766: 4757: 4756: 4744: 2992:Scott, Suzanne (June 15, 2013). 2345:. MacFarland. pp. 158–171. 1585: 1522: 1471: 1221: 712:Society for Creative Anachronism 607:can be divided into two groups: 4767: 3080:Peter Frase (October 4, 2014). 2500:"Scratching the Celebrity Itch" 229:, especially to denote fans of 193:The Dickson Baseball Dictionary 53:Portugal national football team 1795:. BBC News. September 22, 2015 1284:Discrimination against females 981:Representation of a hockey fan 122:, holding or participating in 1: 3840:Live action role-playing game 2680:Lexico Dictionaries | English 2586:Leaver, Kate (May 25, 2017). 1175:networks such as Twitter and 459:fan shows off a rare CD at a 253:, and a controversial issue. 3347:Fans, fandoms, or fanaticism 3345:Fuschillo, Gregorio (2020). 3061:. BBC News. October 29, 2014 2940:. YouTube. August 25, 2014. 2383:; Angeline G. Close (2011). 1348:Discrimination against males 3229:. YouTube. April 26, 2014. 2705:Lang, Cady (June 1, 2017). 1956:Qualitative Market Research 1898:Qualitative Market Research 1820:Online Etymology Dictionary 1740:"Gatekeeping ruins fandoms" 1248:conditions to do so are met 995:Youngstown State University 844:are fans of the BBC series 672:science fiction conventions 399:by a stalking fan in 1989. 70:, sometimes also termed an 4814: 3669:Celebrity worship syndrome 2408:Cambridge, University of. 2210:Ohio Communication Journal 1672: 1573: 1455: 1182:The term was added to the 1112: 1065: 1029: 968:Fan psychology and motives 879: 869: 819:science fiction television 813:franchise. Arising out of 735:. Fanspeak is made up of 682:, "fan funds" such as the 668:amateur press associations 630: 564: 416: 385:celebrity worship syndrome 309: 57:2004 European Championship 29: 4738: 3761:Amateur press association 3375:October 15, 2014, at the 1968:10.1108/13522750610640558 1910:10.1108/13522750610640558 1185:Oxford English Dictionary 660:science fiction magazines 265:"Beliebers", the fans of 207:then just to the homonym 191:in the mid-19th century. 4340:Bodybuilding supplements 4119:by date of establishment 2923:Hiwatt, S. "Cock rock." 2914:: 38 (3), 2004. 477–493. 2765:. Viacom. Archived from 1046:According to a study by 804:are fans focused on the 664:science fiction fanzines 555:The Phantom of the Opera 544:The Phantom of the Opera 379:belief that they have a 32:The Fan (disambiguation) 3214:Warner Bros. Television 3210:Chuck Lorre Productions 2387:. New York: Routledge. 2259:. AV Akademikerverlag. 1576:Fanboy (disambiguation) 1405:A man with a tattoo of 1167:'s "Maroon 5 Stans" or 987:Murray State University 684:Trans Atlantic Fan Fund 215:attributes the term to 4104:Professional wrestling 3835:Historical reenactment 3527:A Song of Ice and Fire 3488:Disneyland social club 3465:Anime and manga fandom 3444:Science fiction fandom 3365:Oxford Dictionary: fan 3082:"In Defense of Gamers" 1642: 1627: 1563: 1514:Immaturity in fangirls 1425:Dungeons & Dragons 1418: 1376: 1367: 1345: 1314: 1300: 982: 922: 876:Category:Sports fandom 867: 815:science fiction fandom 755:is a fan involved in " 652:science fiction fandom 647: 633:Science fiction fandom 605:professional wrestling 599:Professional wrestling 576:anime and manga fandom 475:Cynthia Plaster Caster 464: 437:collectible card games 404:parasocial interaction 348: 274: 114:. They may show their 59: 3324:. London: Routledge. 3011:10.3983/twc.2013.0460 1929:. SAGE Publications. 1669:Immaturity in fanboys 1634:Fans at a recital in 1633: 1621: 1558: 1404: 1371: 1362: 1335: 1309: 1295: 1279:Societal gender roles 1084:" by American rapper 980: 912: 862: 640: 631:Further information: 565:Further information: 481:, author of the book 454: 417:Further information: 337: 264: 50: 40:FANS (disambiguation) 3890:Autograph collecting 3360:Merriam-Webster: fan 3206:The Big Bang Theory. 2827:on October 29, 2014. 1163:'s "Madonna Fans", 1115:List of fandom names 1052:Cambridge University 732:Nineteen Eighty-four 381:special relationship 134:") such as creating 36:Fan (disambiguation) 4018:Real person fiction 3850:Harley Owners Group 3514:Production-specific 2738:. BBC. June 2, 2017 2284:. Lexington Books. 2253:Earnheardt, Adam C. 1987:"1964: Beatlemania" 1744:The Wildcat Tribune 1715:Cult of personality 1432:The Big Bang Theory 1356:in the documentary 1235:of this section is 1159:'s "Kylie Stans", 487:. Fans who are not 4357:Physical education 4157:Shipping discourse 3264:. January 24, 2014 3173:. January 31, 2013 2686:on January 8, 2020 2656:on August 29, 2012 2505:The New York Times 2133:. January 12, 2017 2107:. January 28, 2019 2072:The New York Times 1840:Suehsdorf (1978). 1643: 1628: 1624:1. FC Union Berlin 1462:Fangirls (musical) 1419: 1213:Gender stereotypes 1204:Singer-songwriter 1192:Celebrity reaction 1011:psychological bond 983: 923: 872:Sociology of sport 868: 648: 511:Tyler, the Creator 465: 433:miniature wargames 425:role-playing games 349: 292:social interaction 275: 241:is also used in a 60: 4780: 4779: 4751:Sports portal 4362:Physical activity 4308:Athletic training 4291:Strength training 4243:Semi-professional 4165: 4164: 3885:Anime music video 3647: 3646: 2533:. January 2, 2019 2394:978-0-415-87358-1 2255:(June 28, 2012). 2047:. October 9, 2019 1936:978-1-5297-8529-6 1878:978-1-5275-6560-9 1616: 1615: 1553: 1552: 1502: 1501: 1276: 1275: 1268: 484:I'm With The Band 479:Pamela Des Barres 397:Rebecca Schaeffer 217:Chris Von der Ahe 16:(Redirected from 4805: 4770: 4769: 4760: 4759: 4749: 4748: 4747: 4493:General managers 4395:Governing bodies 4192: 4185: 4178: 4169: 3424: 3406: 3399: 3392: 3383: 3335: 3313: 3306: 3300: 3293: 3287: 3280: 3274: 3273: 3271: 3269: 3254: 3243: 3242: 3240: 3238: 3223: 3217: 3202: 3196: 3191:Pustz, Matthew. 3189: 3183: 3182: 3180: 3178: 3163: 3154: 3151: 3145: 3139: 3133: 3127: 3114: 3107: 3094: 3093: 3091: 3089: 3077: 3071: 3070: 3068: 3066: 3055: 3049: 3048: 3046: 3044: 3029: 3023: 3022: 3020: 3018: 3013: 2989: 2980: 2979: 2977: 2975: 2960: 2954: 2953: 2951: 2949: 2934: 2928: 2921: 2915: 2908: 2899: 2892: 2879: 2872: 2849: 2842: 2829: 2828: 2823:. Archived from 2811: 2805: 2804: 2802: 2800: 2785: 2779: 2778: 2776: 2774: 2754: 2748: 2747: 2745: 2743: 2728: 2722: 2721: 2719: 2717: 2702: 2696: 2695: 2693: 2691: 2682:. Archived from 2672: 2666: 2665: 2663: 2661: 2652:. Archived from 2635: 2629: 2628: 2626: 2624: 2609: 2603: 2602: 2600: 2598: 2583: 2577: 2576: 2574: 2572: 2549: 2543: 2542: 2540: 2538: 2523: 2517: 2516: 2514: 2512: 2495: 2482: 2481: 2479: 2477: 2462: 2456: 2455: 2453: 2451: 2446:on March 4, 2016 2442:. Archived from 2431: 2425: 2424: 2422: 2420: 2405: 2399: 2398: 2377: 2371: 2370: 2369:. July 23, 2022. 2363: 2357: 2356: 2338: 2327: 2326: 2302: 2296: 2295: 2277: 2271: 2270: 2249: 2243: 2242: 2224: 2218: 2217: 2201: 2195: 2194: 2175: 2169: 2168: 2166: 2164: 2149: 2143: 2142: 2140: 2138: 2123: 2117: 2116: 2114: 2112: 2097: 2091: 2090: 2088: 2086: 2063: 2057: 2056: 2054: 2052: 2035: 2029: 2028: 2026: 2024: 2010: 2004: 2003: 2001: 1999: 1982: 1976: 1975: 1974:on May 26, 2012. 1970:. Archived from 1947: 1941: 1940: 1920: 1914: 1913: 1889: 1883: 1882: 1862: 1856: 1855: 1844:. Random House. 1837: 1831: 1830: 1828: 1826: 1814:Douglas Harper. 1811: 1805: 1804: 1802: 1800: 1789: 1783: 1782: 1780: 1778: 1768: 1761: 1755: 1754: 1752: 1750: 1735: 1664: 1611: 1608: 1589: 1581: 1548: 1545: 1526: 1518: 1497: 1494: 1475: 1467: 1271: 1264: 1260: 1257: 1251: 1225: 1224: 1217: 700:Michael Moorcock 593:personality cult 499:became known as 491:prefer the term 21: 4813: 4812: 4808: 4807: 4806: 4804: 4803: 4802: 4783: 4782: 4781: 4776: 4745: 4743: 4734: 4693:Sport by region 4688: 4655: 4626:Artificial turf 4612: 4583:Olympic culture 4524: 4479: 4431: 4378: 4252: 4223:Military sports 4201: 4196: 4166: 4161: 4125: 4109:Science fiction 4032: 3954:Fan translation 3877: 3871: 3845:Motorcycle club 3803:Supercar Season 3753: 3747: 3643: 3597:Sherlock Holmes 3509: 3458:Medium-specific 3453: 3415: 3410: 3377:Wayback Machine 3370:Notes on fandom 3356: 3332: 3319: 3316: 3308:Coddington, A. 3307: 3303: 3294: 3290: 3281: 3277: 3267: 3265: 3256: 3255: 3246: 3236: 3234: 3225: 3224: 3220: 3203: 3199: 3190: 3186: 3176: 3174: 3165: 3164: 3157: 3152: 3148: 3140: 3136: 3128: 3117: 3108: 3097: 3087: 3085: 3079: 3078: 3074: 3064: 3062: 3057: 3056: 3052: 3042: 3040: 3031: 3030: 3026: 3016: 3014: 2991: 2990: 2983: 2973: 2971: 2962: 2961: 2957: 2947: 2945: 2936: 2935: 2931: 2922: 2918: 2909: 2902: 2893: 2882: 2873: 2852: 2843: 2832: 2813: 2812: 2808: 2798: 2796: 2787: 2786: 2782: 2772: 2770: 2769:on July 5, 2012 2757:Anitai, Tamar. 2756: 2755: 2751: 2741: 2739: 2730: 2729: 2725: 2715: 2713: 2704: 2703: 2699: 2689: 2687: 2674: 2673: 2669: 2659: 2657: 2638:Anitai, Tamar. 2637: 2636: 2632: 2622: 2620: 2611: 2610: 2606: 2596: 2594: 2585: 2584: 2580: 2570: 2568: 2551: 2550: 2546: 2536: 2534: 2531:HuffPost Canada 2525: 2524: 2520: 2510: 2508: 2497: 2496: 2485: 2475: 2473: 2464: 2463: 2459: 2449: 2447: 2433: 2432: 2428: 2418: 2416: 2407: 2406: 2402: 2395: 2379: 2378: 2374: 2365: 2364: 2360: 2353: 2340: 2339: 2330: 2323: 2304: 2303: 2299: 2292: 2279: 2278: 2274: 2267: 2251: 2250: 2246: 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fiction 601: 584: 569: 563: 529: 521:Vampire Weekend 449: 421: 415: 341:greets fans at 332: 327: 322: 310:Main articles: 308: 273:on 30 May 2012. 259: 257:Characteristics 251:political party 227:British English 156: 124:fan conventions 43: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 4811: 4809: 4801: 4800: 4795: 4785: 4784: 4778: 4777: 4775: 4774: 4764: 4754: 4739: 4736: 4735: 4733: 4732: 4727: 4722: 4717: 4712: 4707: 4702: 4696: 4694: 4690: 4689: 4687: 4686: 4681: 4679:National sport 4676: 4671: 4665: 4663: 4657: 4656: 4654: 4653: 4648: 4643: 4638: 4633: 4628: 4622: 4620: 4614: 4613: 4611: 4610: 4605: 4600: 4598:Sports mascots 4595: 4590: 4585: 4580: 4575: 4574: 4573: 4563: 4558: 4553: 4548: 4543: 4538: 4532: 4530: 4526: 4525: 4523: 4522: 4517: 4516: 4515: 4510: 4505: 4495: 4489: 4487: 4481: 4480: 4478: 4477: 4472: 4467: 4462: 4457: 4452: 4447: 4441: 4439: 4433: 4432: 4430: 4429: 4424: 4419: 4414: 4413: 4412: 4407: 4397: 4392: 4386: 4384: 4380: 4379: 4377: 4376: 4371: 4366: 4365: 4364: 4359: 4349: 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3693: 3681: 3676: 3674:Cult following 3671: 3666: 3661: 3655: 3653: 3649: 3648: 3645: 3644: 3642: 3641: 3634: 3629: 3624: 3619: 3614: 3607: 3600: 3593: 3588: 3583: 3576: 3571: 3566: 3561: 3554: 3547: 3540: 3535: 3530: 3523: 3517: 3515: 3511: 3510: 3508: 3507: 3502: 3497: 3496: 3495: 3490: 3485: 3479:Disney fandom 3477: 3472: 3467: 3461: 3459: 3455: 3454: 3452: 3451: 3446: 3441: 3436: 3434:Fantasy fandom 3430: 3428: 3421: 3417: 3416: 3411: 3409: 3408: 3401: 3394: 3386: 3380: 3379: 3367: 3362: 3355: 3354:External links 3352: 3351: 3350: 3343: 3336: 3330: 3315: 3314: 3301: 3288: 3275: 3244: 3218: 3197: 3184: 3155: 3146: 3134: 3130:Tough Guise 2. 3115: 3095: 3072: 3050: 3024: 2981: 2955: 2929: 2916: 2900: 2880: 2850: 2830: 2806: 2780: 2749: 2723: 2697: 2667: 2645:MTV Buzzworthy 2630: 2604: 2578: 2544: 2518: 2483: 2465:Foley, Maddy. 2457: 2426: 2400: 2393: 2372: 2358: 2352:978-0786437269 2351: 2328: 2321: 2297: 2291:978-0739146217 2290: 2272: 2266:978-3639433456 2265: 2244: 2238:978-0415924641 2237: 2219: 2196: 2190:978-0739146217 2189: 2170: 2144: 2118: 2092: 2058: 2030: 2005: 1985:Taylor, Alan. 1977: 1942: 1935: 1915: 1884: 1877: 1857: 1850: 1832: 1806: 1784: 1756: 1738:Das, Anaisha. 1729: 1727: 1724: 1723: 1722: 1717: 1712: 1707: 1702: 1697: 1692: 1685: 1682: 1670: 1667: 1614: 1613: 1593: 1591: 1584: 1571: 1568: 1551: 1550: 1530: 1528: 1521: 1515: 1512: 1500: 1499: 1479: 1477: 1470: 1453: 1450: 1411:possibly maybe 1349: 1346: 1285: 1282: 1280: 1277: 1274: 1273: 1229: 1227: 1220: 1214: 1211: 1193: 1190: 1143:" for fans of 1135:" for fans of 1113:Main article: 1110: 1107: 1063: 1060: 1030:Main article: 1027: 1024: 974: 971: 969: 966: 856: 853: 852: 851: 839: 795: 794: 787: 781: 775: 764: 656:letter columns 628: 625: 600: 597: 583: 580: 562: 559: 528: 525: 461:music festival 448: 445: 414: 411: 331: 328: 326: 323: 307: 304: 258: 255: 235:United Kingdom 155: 152: 26: 24: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 4810: 4799: 4796: 4794: 4791: 4790: 4788: 4773: 4765: 4763: 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3531: 3529: 3528: 3524: 3522: 3519: 3518: 3516: 3512: 3506: 3503: 3501: 3498: 3494: 3491: 3489: 3486: 3484: 3483:Disney adults 3481: 3480: 3478: 3476: 3473: 3471: 3468: 3466: 3463: 3462: 3460: 3456: 3450: 3447: 3445: 3442: 3440: 3437: 3435: 3432: 3431: 3429: 3425: 3422: 3418: 3414: 3407: 3402: 3400: 3395: 3393: 3388: 3387: 3384: 3378: 3374: 3371: 3368: 3366: 3363: 3361: 3358: 3357: 3353: 3348: 3344: 3341: 3338:Tucker, Bob. 3337: 3333: 3331:0-415-92463-4 3327: 3323: 3318: 3317: 3311: 3305: 3302: 3298: 3292: 3289: 3285: 3279: 3276: 3263: 3259: 3253: 3251: 3249: 3245: 3232: 3228: 3222: 3219: 3215: 3211: 3207: 3201: 3198: 3194: 3188: 3185: 3172: 3168: 3162: 3160: 3156: 3150: 3147: 3143: 3138: 3135: 3131: 3126: 3124: 3122: 3120: 3116: 3112: 3106: 3104: 3102: 3100: 3096: 3083: 3076: 3073: 3060: 3054: 3051: 3039: 3038:Rolling Stone 3035: 3028: 3025: 3012: 3007: 3003: 2999: 2995: 2988: 2986: 2982: 2970: 2969:The Daily Dot 2966: 2959: 2956: 2943: 2939: 2933: 2930: 2926: 2920: 2917: 2913: 2907: 2905: 2901: 2897: 2891: 2889: 2887: 2885: 2881: 2877: 2871: 2869: 2867: 2865: 2863: 2861: 2859: 2857: 2855: 2851: 2847: 2841: 2839: 2837: 2835: 2831: 2826: 2822: 2821: 2816: 2810: 2807: 2799:September 11, 2795: 2791: 2784: 2781: 2773:September 11, 2768: 2764: 2760: 2753: 2750: 2737: 2733: 2727: 2724: 2712: 2708: 2701: 2698: 2685: 2681: 2677: 2671: 2668: 2660:September 11, 2655: 2651: 2647: 2646: 2641: 2634: 2631: 2623:September 11, 2619: 2615: 2608: 2605: 2593: 2589: 2582: 2579: 2567: 2563: 2559: 2555: 2548: 2545: 2532: 2528: 2522: 2519: 2511:September 11, 2507: 2506: 2501: 2494: 2492: 2490: 2488: 2484: 2476:September 20, 2472: 2468: 2461: 2458: 2445: 2441: 2437: 2430: 2427: 2415: 2411: 2404: 2401: 2396: 2390: 2386: 2382: 2381:Lynn R. Kahle 2376: 2373: 2368: 2362: 2359: 2354: 2348: 2344: 2337: 2335: 2333: 2329: 2324: 2322:0-8058-5044-9 2318: 2314: 2311:. Routledge. 2310: 2309: 2301: 2298: 2293: 2287: 2283: 2276: 2273: 2268: 2262: 2258: 2254: 2248: 2245: 2240: 2234: 2231:. Routledge. 2230: 2223: 2220: 2215: 2211: 2207: 2200: 2197: 2192: 2186: 2182: 2174: 2171: 2159: 2155: 2148: 2145: 2132: 2128: 2122: 2119: 2106: 2102: 2096: 2093: 2081: 2077: 2073: 2069: 2062: 2059: 2046: 2045: 2040: 2034: 2031: 2019: 2015: 2009: 2006: 1994: 1993: 1988: 1981: 1978: 1973: 1969: 1965: 1961: 1957: 1953: 1946: 1943: 1938: 1932: 1928: 1927: 1919: 1916: 1911: 1907: 1903: 1899: 1895: 1888: 1885: 1880: 1874: 1870: 1869: 1861: 1858: 1853: 1851:0-394-50253-1 1847: 1843: 1836: 1833: 1821: 1817: 1810: 1807: 1794: 1788: 1785: 1772: 1767: 1766:"'fancy, v.'" 1760: 1757: 1745: 1741: 1734: 1731: 1725: 1721: 1718: 1716: 1713: 1711: 1708: 1706: 1703: 1701: 1698: 1696: 1693: 1691: 1688: 1687: 1683: 1681: 1676: 1668: 1666: 1658: 1656: 1655: 1650: 1649: 1641: 1637: 1632: 1625: 1620: 1610: 1601: 1597: 1594:This section 1592: 1588: 1583: 1582: 1577: 1569: 1567: 1562: 1557: 1547: 1538: 1534: 1531:This section 1529: 1525: 1520: 1519: 1513: 1511: 1508: 1496: 1487: 1483: 1480:This section 1478: 1474: 1469: 1468: 1463: 1459: 1451: 1449: 1447: 1446: 1441: 1436: 1434: 1433: 1427: 1426: 1416: 1412: 1408: 1403: 1399: 1397: 1393: 1392: 1387: 1386: 1381: 1375: 1370: 1366: 1361: 1359: 1358:Tough Guise 2 1355: 1352:According to 1347: 1344: 1341: 1334: 1330: 1326: 1322: 1319: 1313: 1308: 1304: 1299: 1294: 1292: 1283: 1278: 1270: 1267: 1259: 1249: 1245: 1239: 1238: 1234: 1228: 1219: 1218: 1212: 1210: 1207: 1202: 1199: 1191: 1189: 1187: 1186: 1180: 1178: 1174: 1170: 1166: 1162: 1158: 1157:Kylie Minogue 1152: 1150: 1149:Kylie Minogue 1146: 1142: 1138: 1137:One Direction 1134: 1130: 1129:Ariana Grande 1126: 1122: 1116: 1108: 1106: 1104: 1100: 1096: 1091: 1087: 1083: 1079: 1075: 1069: 1061: 1059: 1057: 1056:public figure 1053: 1049: 1048:psychologists 1044: 1041: 1038: 1033: 1025: 1023: 1020: 1016: 1012: 1006: 1004: 998: 996: 992: 988: 979: 972: 967: 965: 963: 959: 953: 951: 946: 944: 940: 938: 931: 928: 920: 916: 915:New York Mets 911: 907: 905: 901: 895: 893: 889: 883: 877: 873: 865: 861: 854: 849: 848: 843: 840: 837: 833: 829: 824: 820: 816: 812: 809: 808: 803: 800: 799: 798: 792: 788: 785: 782: 779: 776: 773: 769: 765: 762: 758: 754: 750: 749: 748: 746: 742: 738: 734: 733: 728: 723: 721: 717: 713: 709: 705: 704:Trina Robbins 701: 697: 693: 689: 685: 681: 677: 673: 669: 665: 661: 657: 653: 645: 644: 639: 634: 626: 624: 622: 618: 614: 610: 606: 598: 596: 594: 589: 581: 579: 577: 573: 568: 560: 558: 556: 552: 551: 546: 545: 540: 539: 534: 526: 524: 522: 518: 517: 512: 508: 507: 502: 498: 494: 490: 486: 485: 480: 476: 472: 471: 470:Rolling Stone 462: 458: 453: 446: 444: 442: 438: 434: 430: 426: 420: 412: 410: 407: 405: 400: 398: 394: 390: 386: 382: 378: 374: 370: 366: 362: 358: 354: 346: 345: 340: 339:Tobey Maguire 336: 329: 324: 321: 317: 313: 305: 303: 301: 296: 293: 289: 285: 280: 272: 268: 267:Justin Bieber 263: 256: 254: 252: 248: 244: 240: 236: 232: 228: 224: 220: 218: 214: 210: 206: 202: 198: 194: 190: 185: 182: 178: 174: 171: 167: 163: 162: 153: 151: 149: 145: 141: 137: 133: 129: 125: 121: 117: 113: 109: 105: 101: 97: 93: 89: 85: 81: 77: 73: 69: 65: 58: 54: 49: 45: 41: 37: 33: 19: 4742: 4550: 4541:Cheerleaders 4450:Broadcasting 4345:Sports drink 4313:Chriopractic 4271:Biomechanics 4238:Professional 4070: 3969: 3909: 3902: 3894: 3876:Publications 3867:Stan Twitter 3825:Fandom names 3781:Import scene 3688: 3678: 3652:Demographics 3636: 3609: 3602: 3595: 3578: 3556: 3549: 3542: 3525: 3470:Bibliophilia 3439:Furry fandom 3339: 3321: 3309: 3304: 3296: 3291: 3283: 3278: 3268:September 3, 3266:. Retrieved 3261: 3237:September 3, 3235:. Retrieved 3221: 3205: 3200: 3192: 3187: 3177:September 3, 3175:. Retrieved 3171:The Atlantic 3170: 3149: 3142:Tough Guise. 3141: 3137: 3129: 3110: 3088:September 3, 3086:. Retrieved 3075: 3065:September 3, 3063:. Retrieved 3053: 3043:September 3, 3041:. Retrieved 3037: 3027: 3017:September 3, 3015:. Retrieved 3001: 2997: 2974:September 3, 2972:. Retrieved 2968: 2958: 2948:September 3, 2946:. Retrieved 2932: 2924: 2919: 2911: 2895: 2875: 2845: 2825:the original 2818: 2809: 2797:. Retrieved 2793: 2783: 2771:. Retrieved 2767:the original 2762: 2752: 2740:. Retrieved 2735: 2726: 2714:. Retrieved 2710: 2700: 2688:. Retrieved 2684:the original 2679: 2670: 2658:. Retrieved 2654:the original 2643: 2633: 2621:. Retrieved 2617: 2607: 2595:. Retrieved 2591: 2581: 2569:. Retrieved 2558:The Guardian 2557: 2547: 2535:. Retrieved 2530: 2521: 2509:. Retrieved 2503: 2474:. Retrieved 2470: 2460: 2450:December 19, 2448:. Retrieved 2444:the original 2440:The Atlantic 2439: 2429: 2419:September 7, 2417:. Retrieved 2413: 2403: 2384: 2375: 2361: 2342: 2307: 2300: 2281: 2275: 2256: 2247: 2228: 2222: 2213: 2209: 2199: 2180: 2173: 2161:. Retrieved 2157: 2147: 2135:. Retrieved 2130: 2121: 2109:. Retrieved 2104: 2095: 2083:. Retrieved 2071: 2061: 2049:. Retrieved 2042: 2033: 2021:. Retrieved 2017: 2008: 1996:. Retrieved 1992:The Atlantic 1990: 1980: 1972:the original 1962:(1): 51–72. 1959: 1955: 1945: 1925: 1918: 1901: 1897: 1887: 1867: 1860: 1841: 1835: 1823:. Retrieved 1819: 1809: 1799:September 3, 1797:. Retrieved 1787: 1775:. Retrieved 1770: 1759: 1747:. Retrieved 1743: 1733: 1690:Fan activism 1678: 1659: 1652: 1646: 1644: 1636:Buenos Aires 1604: 1600:adding to it 1595: 1564: 1559: 1554: 1541: 1537:adding to it 1532: 1503: 1490: 1486:adding to it 1481: 1443: 1437: 1430: 1423: 1420: 1389: 1383: 1379: 1377: 1372: 1368: 1363: 1357: 1354:Jackson Katz 1351: 1339: 1336: 1331: 1327: 1323: 1315: 1310: 1305: 1301: 1296: 1287: 1262: 1253: 1231: 1203: 1195: 1183: 1181: 1173:social media 1153: 1145:Taylor Swift 1118: 1073: 1071: 1068:Stan Twitter 1045: 1042: 1036: 1035: 1007: 999: 984: 958:shared bonds 954: 947: 935: 932: 924: 896: 885: 882:Sports radio 845: 835: 831: 827: 805: 796: 768:Big Name Fan 730: 724: 720:furry fandom 718:fandom, and 708:media fandom 688:Ray Bradbury 649: 641: 602: 585: 571: 570: 554: 548: 542: 536: 530: 514: 504: 492: 482: 468: 466: 422: 408: 401: 350: 344:Spider-Man 3 342: 320:Fan magazine 297: 276: 271:Oslo, Norway 238: 222: 221: 212: 208: 204: 196: 192: 186: 180: 172: 165: 159: 157: 75: 71: 67: 63: 61: 51:Fans of the 44: 4646:Flying disc 4561:Memorabilia 4470:Sponsorship 4147:Fan service 4142:Fan loyalty 4038:Conventions 3929:Fan fiction 3786:Hot rodding 3533:Beatlemania 3449:Yaoi fandom 3295:"geek, n." 3282:"nerd, n." 2716:February 7, 2690:February 7, 2163:October 18, 2137:October 18, 2111:October 18, 2085:October 18, 2051:October 18, 2023:October 18, 1998:October 18, 1816:"Fan (n.2)" 1777:October 16, 1720:Hooliganism 1710:Fan studies 1675:Crowd abuse 1380:Tough Guise 1291:Frank Zappa 1133:Directioner 1062:"Stan" fans 1037:Fan loyalty 1032:Fan loyalty 1019:Maria Petri 950:sports bars 904:hooliganism 892:sports bars 692:Roger Ebert 676:Hugo Awards 588:politicians 519:recognized 503:. In 2019, 501:Beatlemania 497:the Beatles 441:video games 429:board games 330:Celebrities 306:Fan culture 288:guitar pick 284:conventions 237:. The term 189:Americanism 146:or drawing 140:fan fiction 126:or writing 88:sports team 4787:Categories 4684:Regulation 4674:Ministries 4669:Sports law 4651:Sportswear 4588:Philosophy 4498:Journalism 4410:Postseason 4328:Psychology 4323:Physicians 4286:Physiology 4228:Parasports 4213:Individual 4099:Multigenre 4058:Comic book 4013:Filk music 3754:and events 3591:Parrothead 3574:Moonwalker 3558:James Bond 3551:EarthBound 3544:Doctor Who 3505:Sports fan 3475:Cinephilia 3297:OED Online 3284:OED Online 1771:OED Online 1726:References 1673:See also: 1385:Terminator 1233:neutrality 1169:Nick Jonas 1103:parasocial 1095:flame wars 1090:fanaticism 1066:See also: 943:tailgation 880:See also: 870:See also: 847:Doctor Who 696:Lenny Kaye 680:filk music 457:cowboy pop 353:movie star 300:fanaticism 279:lifestyles 247:politician 138:, writing 116:enthusiasm 108:video game 96:politician 76:enthusiast 72:aficionado 4798:Hobbyists 4705:Australia 4618:Equipment 4593:Rivalries 4578:Numbering 4571:Nicknames 4520:Promoters 4503:Magazines 4465:Marketing 4455:Economics 4374:Sociology 4335:Nutrition 4137:Autograph 4071:Doujinshi 3939:Fan labor 3911:Doujinshi 3830:Game club 3771:Boy racer 3604:Star Wars 3493:Donaldism 3262:The Verge 3258:"Fanboys" 3204:"Pilot." 3084:. 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