1178:(diff-lock), which prevents wheel slip. The differential normally allows driving wheels to operate at their own speeds, as required, for example, by the different radius each takes in a turn. This allows the outside wheel to travel faster than the inside wheel, thereby traveling further during a turn. In low-traction conditions on a soft surface, the same mechanism can allow one wheel to slip, wasting its torque and further reducing traction. The differential lock overrides this, forcing both wheels to turn at the same speed, reducing wheel slip and improving traction. Care must be taken to unlock the differential before turning, usually by hitting the pedal a second time, since the tractor with good traction cannot perform a turn with the diff-lock engaged. In many modern tractors, this pedal is replaced with an electrical switch.
498:
2805:
988:
implement produced by John Deere, for example, could not be attached to a
Minneapolis Moline tractor. Another disadvantage was mounting usually required some time and labor, resulting in the implement being semi-permanently attached with bolts or other mounting hardware. Usually, it was impractical to remove the implement and reinstall it on a day-to-day basis. As a result, the tractor was unavailable for other uses and dedicated to a single use for an appreciable period of time. An implement was generally mounted at the beginning of its season of use (such as tillage, planting or harvesting) and removed when the season ended.
151:
926:(CVTs). Either a synchronized manual transmission with enough available gear ratios (often achieved with dual ranges, high and low) or a CVT allow the engine speed to be matched to the desired final-drive speed, while keeping engine speed within the appropriate speed (as measured in rotations per minute or rpm) range for power generation (the working range) (whereas throttling back to achieve the desired final-drive speed is a trade-off that leaves the working range). The problems, solutions, and developments described here also describe the history of transmission evolution in
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619:
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268:
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1272:. Others have been killed while attempting to tow or pull an excessive load from above axle height, or when cold weather caused the tires to freeze to the ground, in both cases causing the tractor to pivot around the rear axle. ROPS were first required in the United States in 1986, non-retroactively. ROPS adoption by farmers is thus incomplete. To treat this problem, CROPS (cost-effective roll-over protection structures) have been developed to encourage farmers to retrofit older tractors.
1468:
1814:. They were characterized by a low, rearward seating position, fixed-width tread, and low ground clearance. These early tractors were cumbersome, and ill-suited to enter a field of planted row crops for weed control. The "standard" tractor definition is no longer in current use. However, tractors with fixed wheel spacing and a low center of gravity are well-suited as loaders, forklifts and backhoes, so that the configuration continues in use without the "standard" nomenclature.
2504:
1312:
679:
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1740:
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911:
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420:. He called his machine the Ivel Agricultural Motor; the word "tractor" came into common use after Hart-Parr created it. The Ivel Agricultural Motor was light, powerful and compact. It had one front wheel, with a solid rubber tyre, and two large rear wheels like a modern tractor. The engine used water cooling, utilizing the thermo-syphon effect. It had one forward and one reverse gear. A pulley wheel on the left hand side allowed it to be used as a
1019:
2845:
1171:, foot pedal use to control engine speed while travelling on the road is mandatory. Some tractors, especially those designed for row-crop work, have a 'de-accelerator' pedal, which operates in the reverse fashion of an automobile throttle, slowing the engine when applied. This allows control over the speed of a tractor with its throttle set high for work, as when repeatedly slowing to make U-turns at the end of crop rows in fields.
1383:
1343:
1101:(PTO) shaft to provide rotary power to machinery that may be stationary or pulled. The PTO shaft generally is at the rear of the tractor, and can be connected to an implement that is either towed by a drawbar or a three-point hitch. This eliminates the need for a separate, implement-mounted power source, which is almost never seen in modern farm equipment. It is also optional to get a front PTO as well when buying a new tractor.
1968:
1297:
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627:
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451:. In 1903, the firm built 15 tractors. Their 14,000 pounds (6,400 kg) #3 is the oldest surviving internal combustion engine tractor in the United States, and is on display at the Smithsonian National Museum of American History in Washington, D.C. The two-cylinder engine has a unique hit-and-miss firing cycle that produced 30 hp (22 kW) at the belt and 18 hp (13 kW) at the drawbar.
1853:
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implement hit an obstacle, the towing link broke or the tractor flipped over. Ferguson's idea was to combine a connection via two lower and one upper lift arms that were connected to a hydraulic lifting ram. The ram was, in turn, connected to the upper of the three links so the increased drag (as when a plough hits a rock) caused the hydraulics to lift the implement until the obstacle was passed.
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125:
1222:
890:
365:
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2126:
2154:
687:
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1720:. Typically, a CUT will have four-wheel drive, or more correctly four-wheel assist. Modern CUTs often feature hydrostatic transmissions, but many variants of gear-drive transmissions are also offered from low priced, simple gear transmissions to synchronized transmissions to advanced glide-shift transmissions. All modern CUTs feature government-mandated
714:
and steered by hydraulic clutches or pumps. A relatively recent development is the replacement of wheels or steel crawler-type tracks with flexible, steel-reinforced rubber tracks, usually powered by hydrostatic or completely hydraulic driving mechanisms. The configuration of these tractors bears little resemblance to the classic farm tractor design.
865:, typically three to six, sometimes multiplied into two or three ranges. This arrangement provides a set of discrete ratios that, combined with the varying of the throttle, allow final-drive speeds from less than one up to about 25 miles per hour (40 km/h), with the lower speeds used for working the land and the highest speed used on the road.
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455:
113:
1283:'s ISO standard 23205:2014 specifies the minimum design and performance requirements for an instructional seat and states that the instructional seat is neither intended for, nor is it designed for use by children. Despite this, upwards of 40% of farm families give their children rides on tractors, often using these instructional seats.
44:
490:, a wildly popular mass-produced tractor, in 1917. They were built in the U.S., Ireland, England and Russia, and by 1923, Fordson had 77% of the U.S. market. The Fordson dispensed with a frame, using the strength of the engine block to hold the machine together. By the 1920s, tractors with gasoline-powered
1677:(PTO) power ranging from 15–45 hp (11–34 kW). CUTs are often equipped with both a mid-mounted and a standard rear PTO, especially those below 40 hp (30 kW). The mid-mount PTO shaft typically rotates at/near 2000 rpm and is typically used to power mid-mount finish mowers, front-mounted
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and paving roads. Some buckets have retractable bottoms, enabling them to empty their loads more quickly and efficiently. Buckets with retractable bottoms are also often used for grading and scratching off sand. The front assembly may be a removable attachment or permanently mounted. Often the bucket
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Some tractor manufacturers produced matching equipment that could be directly mounted on the tractor. Examples included front-end loaders, belly mowers, row crop cultivators, corn pickers and corn planters. In most cases, these fixed mounts were proprietary and unique to each make of tractor, so an
978:
Drawbars were appropriate to the dawn of mechanization, because they were very simple in concept and because as the tractor replaced the horse, existing horse-drawn implements usually already had running gear. As the history of mechanization progressed, the advantages of other hitching systems became
943:
The power produced by the engine must be transmitted to the implement or equipment to do the actual work intended for the equipment. This may be accomplished via a drawbar or hitch system if the implement is to be towed or otherwise pulled through the tractive power of the engine, or via a pulley or
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transmission designs, which often require the operator to engage the clutch to shift between gears. This mode of use is inherently unsuited to some of the work tractors do, and has been circumvented in various ways over the years. For existing unsynchronized tractors, the methods of circumvention are
750:
was the most notable of this kind)being a common alternative. Generally, one engine could burn any of those, although cold starting was easiest on gasoline. Often, a small auxiliary fuel tank was available to hold gasoline for cold starting and warm-up, while the main fuel tank held whatever fuel was
713:
In the early 21st century, articulated or non-articulated, steerable multitrack tractors have largely supplanted the
Caterpillar type for farm use. Larger types of modern farm tractors include articulated four-wheel or eight-wheel drive units with one or two power units which are hinged in the middle
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tractors. They tend to be small and affordable, this was especially true before the 1960s when a walk-behind tractor could often be more affordable than a two-axle tractor of comparable power. Today's compact utility tractors and advanced garden tractors may negate most of that market advantage, but
1794:, these tractors have all the same features of a compact tractor, such as a three-point hitch, power steering, four-wheel-drive, and front-end loader. These tractors are generally marketed towards homeowners who intend to mostly use them for lawn mowing, with the occasional light landscaping task.
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For small-scale farming or large-scale gardening, some planting and harvesting implements are sized for CUTs. One- and two-row planting units are commonly available, as are cultivators, sprayers and different types of seeders (slit, rotary and drop). One of the first CUTs offered for small farms of
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on the back. Backhoes attach to a three-point hitch on farm or industrial tractors. Industrial tractors are often heavier in construction, particularly with regards to the use of a steel grill for protection from rocks and the use of construction tires. When the backhoe is permanently attached, the
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The three-point hitch was controlled with a lever for adjusting the position, or as with the earliest ones, just the function for raising or lowering the hitch. With modern electrical systems, it is often replaced with a potentiometer for the lower bound position and another one for the upper bound,
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or a separate belt pulley to power stationary equipment, such as a threshing machine, buzz saw, silage blower, or stationary baler. In most cases, it was impractical for the tractor and equipment to move with a flexible belt or cable between them, so this system required the tractor to remain in one
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with a control lever. The equipment attached to the three-point hitch is usually completely supported by the tractor. Another way to attach an implement is via a quick hitch, which is attached to the three-point hitch. This enables a single person to attach an implement quicker and put the person in
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wheel consequently are in the center), and the engine in front of the driver, with two steerable wheels below the engine compartment. This basic design has remained unchanged for a number of years after being pioneered by Wallis, but enclosed cabs are fitted on almost all modern models, for operator
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assistance, has often resulted in the conversion of automobiles for use as farm tractors. In the United States, this trend was especially strong from the 1910s through 1950s. It began early in the development of vehicles powered by internal combustion engines, with blacksmiths and amateur mechanics
2035:
Visually, the distinction between a garden tractor and a lawn tractor is often hard to make – generally, garden tractors are more sturdily built, with stronger frames, 12-inch or larger wheels mounted with multiple lugs (most lawn tractors have a single bolt or clip on the hub), heavier transaxles,
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was mounted in the front so it was easily visible. Additionally, the tractor had a narrow front end; the front tires were spaced very closely and angled in toward the bottom. The back wheels straddled two rows with their spacing adjustable depending on row spacing, and the unit could cultivate four
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Independent left and right brake pedals are provided to allow improved steering (by engaging the side one wishes to turn to, slowing or stopping its wheel) and improved traction in soft and slippery conditions (by transferring rotation to the wheel with better grip). Some users prefer to lock both
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or power-shifting, both of which require the operator to rely on skill to speed-match the gears while shifting, and are undesirable from a risk-mitigation standpoint because of what can go wrong if the operator makes a mistake – transmission damage is possible, and loss of vehicle control can occur
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can cause problems, such as long queues or tailbacks, which can delay or annoy motorists in cars and trucks. These motorists are responsible for being duly careful around farm tractors and sharing the road with them, but many shirk this responsibility, so various ways to minimize the interaction or
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rows at once. Where wide front wheels were used, they often could be adjusted as well. Tractors with non-adjustable spacing were called "standard" or "wheatland", and were chiefly meant for pulling plows or other towed implements, typically with a lower overall tractor height than row-crop models.
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or other crops without crushing the plants, "wheatland" or "standard" tractors with fixed wheels and a lower center of gravity for plowing and other heavy field work for broadcast crops, and "high crop" tractors with adjustable tread and increased ground clearance, often used in the cultivation of
963:. The implement could be readily attached and removed, allowing the tractor to be used for other purposes on a daily basis. If the tractor was equipped with a swinging drawbar, then it could be set at the center or offset from center to allow the tractor to run outside the path of the implement.
478:
introduced a four-wheel design, and became the largest tractor manufacturer in
Britain at the time. While the earlier, heavier tractors were initially very successful, it became increasingly apparent at this time that the weight of a large supporting frame was less efficient than lighter designs.
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is often considered the "first" tractor of the category. Some earlier tractors of the 1910s and 1920s approached the form factor from the heavier side, as did motorized cultivators from the lighter side, but the
Farmall brought all of the salient features together into one package, with a capable
1278:
In addition to ROPS, U.S. manufacturers add instructional seats on tractors with enclosed cabs. The tractors have a ROPS with seatbelts for both the operator and passenger. This instructional seat is intended to be used for training new tractor operators, but can also be used to diagnose machine
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to own something similar to a car. Since it was legally seen as a tractor, it could be driven from 16 years of age and only required a tractor license. Eventually, the legal loophole was closed and no new EPA tractors were allowed to be made, but the remaining ones were still legal, which led to
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Some modern tractors also have (or offer as optional equipment) a button on the gear stick for controlling the clutch, in addition to the standard pedal, allowing for gear changes and the tractor to be brought to a stop without using the foot pedal to engage the clutch. Others have a button for
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The drawbar system necessitated the implement having its own running gear (usually wheels) and in the case of a plow, chisel cultivator or harrow, some sort of lift mechanism to raise it out of the ground at turns or for transport. Drawbars necessarily posed a rollover risk depending on how the
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Four-wheel drive tractors began to appear in the 1960s. Some four-wheel drive tractors have the standard "two large, two small" configuration typical of smaller tractors, while some have four large, powered wheels. The larger tractors are typically an articulated, center-hinged design steered by
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on the far right. Unlike automobiles, throttle speed can also be controlled by a hand-operated lever ("hand throttle"), which may be set to a fixed position. This helps provide a constant speed in field work. It also helps provide continuous power for stationary tractors that are operating an
1038:
Almost every tractor today features
Ferguson's three-point linkage or a derivative of it. This hitch allows for easy attachment and detachment of implements while allowing the implement to function as a part of the tractor, almost as if it were attached by a fixed mount. Previously, when the
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These structures were first required by legislation in Sweden in 1959. Before they were required, some farmers died when their tractors rolled on top of them. Row-crop tractors, before ROPS, were particularly dangerous because of their 'tricycle' design with the two front wheels spaced close
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Until the late of the 1950s, tractors had a single register of gears, hence one gear stick, often with three to five forward gears and one reverse. Then, group gears were introduced, and another gear stick was added. Later, control of the forward-reverse direction was moved to a special stick
1909:
Many early row-crop tractors had a tricycle design with two closely spaced front tires, and some even had a single front tire. This made it dangerous to operate on the side of a steep hill; as a result, many farmers died from tractor rollovers. Also, early row-crop tractors had no
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tractive torque was applied. The
Fordson tractor was prone to roll backward due to an excessively short wheelbase. The linkage between the implement and the tractor usually had some slack which could lead to jerky starts and greater wear and tear on the tractor and the equipment.
1672:
A compact utility tractor (CUT) is a smaller version of an agricultural tractor, but designed primarily for landscaping and estate management tasks, rather than for planting and harvesting on a commercial scale. Typical CUTs range from 20–50 hp (15–37 kW) with available
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was a chain of discount stores and it was often used to signify something lacking in quality). An EPA tractor was simply an automobile, truck or lorry, with the passenger space cut off behind the front seats, equipped with two gearboxes in a row. When done to an older car with a
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also were converted for this purpose. In later years, some farm mechanics have been known to convert more modern trucks or cars for use as tractors, more often as curiosities or for recreational purposes (rather than out of the earlier motives of pure necessity or frugality).
331:
The first half of the 1860s was a period of great experimentation but by the end of the decade the standard form of the traction engine had evolved and changed little over the next sixty years. It was widely adopted for agricultural use. The first tractors were steam-powered
1775:(rotary tiller). In northern climates, a rear-mounted snow blower is very common; some smaller CUT models are available with front-mounted snow blowers powered by mid-PTO shafts. Implement brands outnumber tractor brands, so CUT owners have a wide selection of implements.
1995:; heavier-duty tractors of similar size are garden tractors. Garden tractors are capable of mounting a wider array of attachments than lawn tractors. Unlike lawn tractors and rear-engined riding mowers, garden tractors are powered by horizontal-crankshaft engines with a
1070:. Unless it functions solely by pulling it through or over the ground, a towed implement needs its own power source (such as a baler or combine with a separate engine) or else a means of transmitting power from the tractor to the mechanical operations of the equipment.
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pedals together, or utilize a partial lock that allows the left pedal to be depressed independently but engages both when the right is applied. This may be in the form of a swinging or sliding bolt that may be readily engaged or disengaged in the field without tools.
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Modern tractors have a ROPS to prevent an operator from being crushed when overturning. This is especially important in open-air tractors, where the ROPS is a steel beam that extends above the operator's seat. For tractors with operator cabs, the ROPS is part of the
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A front-loader or loader is a tractor with an engineering tool which consists of two hydraulic powered arms on either side of the front engine compartment and a tilting implement. This is usually a wide-open box called a bucket, but other common attachments are a
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cotton and other high-growing row crop plant operations, and "utility tractors", typically smaller tractors with a low center of gravity and short turning radius, used for general purposes around the farmstead. Many utility tractors are used for nonfarm grading,
1214:
479:
Henry Ford introduced a light-weight, mass-produced design which largely displaced the heavier designs. Some companies halfheartedly followed suit with mediocre designs, as if to disprove the concept, but they were largely unsuccessful in that endeavor.
2593:
sales and advertising tactics, the
Nebraska tests helped farmers throughout North America to see through marketing claims and make informed buying decisions. The tests continue today, making sure tractors fulfill the manufacturer's advertised claims.
2050:
Although most people think primarily of four-wheel vehicles when they think of tractors, a tractor may have one or more axles. The key benefit is the power itself, which only takes one axle to provide. Single-axle tractors, more often called
1528:
tractors were created by removing the blade and substituting a large volume bucket and hydraulic arms which can raise and lower the bucket, thus making it useful for scooping up earth, rock and similar loose material to load it into trucks.
2104:
typically have features suited to passing under tree branches with impunity. These include a lower overall profile; reduced tree-branch-snagging risk (via underslung exhaust pipes rather than smoke-stack-style exhaust, and large sheetmetal
959:. The classic drawbar is simply a steel bar attached to the tractor (or in some cases, as in the early Fordsons, cast as part of the rear transmission housing) to which the hitch of the implement was attached with a pin or by a loop and
934:
have long since been scrapped, many of the old farm tractors are still in use. Therefore, old transmission design and operation is primarily just of historical interest in trucking, whereas in farming it still often affects daily life.
397:. The Hornsby-Akroyd Patent Safety Oil Traction Engine was made in 1896 with a 20 hp (15 kW) engine. In 1897, it was bought by Mr. Locke-King, the first recorded British tractor sale. That year, it won a Silver Medal from the
1034:
tractors gained a two-point "Fast Hitch", and John Deere had a power lift that was somewhat similar to the more flexible
Ferguson invention. Once the patent protection expired on the three-point hitch, it became an industry standard.
2297:—channel stock, angle stock, flat stock, etc.). As with automobile conversions, the heyday of this type of tractor, at least in developed economies, lies in the past, when there were large populations of blue-collar workers for whom
797:
also have been used as tractor fuels, but require special pressurized fuel tanks and filling equipment and produced less power, so are less prevalent in most markets. Most are confined for inside work due to their clean burning.
868:
Slow, controllable speeds are necessary for most of the operations performed with a tractor. They help give the farmer a larger degree of control in certain situations, such as field work. When travelling on public roads, the
674:
type of tracked tractor became popular due to superior traction and flotation. These were usually maneuvered through the use of turning brake pedals and separate track clutches operated by levers rather than a steering wheel.
1892:, which had a wide front and could cultivate three rows at once. Only 112 prototypes were made, as Deere realized it would lose sales to Farmall if its model did less. In 1928, Deere released the Model C anyway, only as the
1601:
Backhoe-loaders are very common and can be used for a wide variety of tasks: construction, small demolitions, light transportation of building materials, powering building equipment, digging holes, loading trucks, breaking
979:
apparent, leading to new developments (see below). Depending on the function for which a tractor is used, though, the drawbar is still one of the usual means of attaching an implement to a tractor (see photo at left).
313:. In most cases this was achieved by fitting a sprocket on the end of the crankshaft, and running a chain from this to a larger sprocket on the rear axle. These experiments met with mixed success. The first proper
907:
if the tractor is towing a heavy load either uphill or downhill – something that tractors often do. Therefore, operator's manuals for most of these tractors state one must always stop the tractor before shifting.
502:
4241:
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of production agriculture as the tractor. Tractor-related injuries account for approximately 32% of the fatalities and 6% of the nonfatal injuries in agriculture. Over 50% is attributed to tractor overturns.
383:, US. A Van Duzen single-cylinder gasoline engine was mounted on a Robinson engine chassis, which could be controlled and propelled by Froelich's gear box. After receiving a patent, Froelich started up the
2239:
The
Swedish government eventually replaced them with the so called "A-tractor" which now had its speed limited to 30 km/h and allowed people aged 16 and older to drive the cars with a moped license.
2031:
models are also available, especially in Europe. Typically, diesel-powered garden tractors are larger and heavier-duty than gasoline-powered units and compare more similarly to compact utility tractors.
4751:
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location, with the work brought to the equipment, or the tractor to be relocated at each turn and the power set-up reapplied (as in cable-drawn plowing systems used in early steam tractor operations).
235:, the word "tractor" usually means "farm tractor", and the use of the word "tractor" to mean other types of vehicles is familiar to the vehicle trade, but unfamiliar to much of the general public. In
974:
A large, modern John Deere model 9400 four-wheel drive tractor with tripled wheels and a drawbar-towed tool chain, including one-pass tillage equipment, planter and fertilizer applicator with tanks
4111:
Donham, K., D. Osterberg, M.L. Meyers, and C. Lehtola. 1999. Final report tractor risk abatement and control: the policy conference, September 10–12, 1997. The
University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa.
1540:
Other modifications to the original bulldozer include making the machine smaller to let it operate in small work areas where movement is limited. Also, tiny wheeled loaders, officially called
417:
1946:
both produce high horsepower front-wheel-assist row crop tractors with available rear tracks. Case IH also has a 500 hp (370 kW) four-wheel drive track system called Rowtrac.
517:
in 1926, they became popular. A three-point attachment of the implement to the tractor is the simplest and the only statically determinate way of joining two bodies in engineering. The
2804:
1358:
A variety of specialty farm tractors have been developed for particular uses. These include "row crop" tractors with adjustable tread width to allow the tractor to pass down rows of
2289:" description is relative, as often individual components will be repurposed from earlier vehicles or machinery (e.g., engines, gearboxes, axle housings), but the tractor's overall
3924:
3683:
328:, which had to be hauled from job to job by horses, into a self-propelled one. The alteration was made by fitting a long driving chain between the crankshaft and the rear axle.
1186:
Many functions once controlled with levers have been replaced with some model of electrical switch with the rise of indirect computer controlling of functions in modern tractors.
3863:
1030:
was still under patent, other manufacturers developed new hitching systems to try to fend off some of Ferguson's competitive advantage. For example, International Harvester's
1046:
patent on its front loader connection (inspired by these earlier systems) has expired, and compact tractors are now being outfitted with quick-connect attachments for their
4761:
1521:
with a blade attached in the front and a rope-winch behind. Bulldozers are very powerful tractors and have excellent ground-hold, as their main tasks are to push or drag.
1524:
Bulldozers have been further modified over time to evolve into new machines which are capable of working in ways that the original bulldozer can not. One example is that
408:, a British inventor in 1901. He filed for a patent on 15 February 1902 for his tractor design and then formed Ivel Agricultural Motors Limited. The other directors were
2465:
is a device used for conveying advanced instruments into pipes for measurement and data logging, and the purging of well holes, sewer pipes and other inaccessible tubes.
375:
The first gasoline powered tractors were built in Illinois, by John Charter combining single cylinder Otto engines with a Rumley Steam engine chassis, in 1889. In 1892,
1685:
for the North American markets, but in some parts of the world, a dual 540/1000 rpm PTO is standard, and implements are available for either standard in those markets.
1991:
today often is used to refer to mid- or rear-engined machines. Front-engined tractor layout machines designed primarily for cutting grass and light towing are called
1451:
on tractors that are manned but only steered at the end of a row), the idea being to neither overlap and use more fuel nor leave streaks when performing jobs such as
806:
During the second world war, Petrolium based fuel was scarce in many European nations. So they resorted to using wood gasifires on every vehicle, including tractors.
1233:
Agriculture in the United States is one of the most hazardous industries, only surpassed by mining and construction. No other farm machine is so identified with the
2270:
was, for a long time, the primary choice for conversion to an EPA or A tractor, but since supplies have dried up, other cars have been used, in most cases another
2313:
machinists and factory workers had grown up on farms.) Backyard fabrication was a natural activity to them (whereas it might seem daunting to most people today).
1506:, rippers, etc. The most common attachments for the front of a tractor are dozer blades or buckets. When attached to engineering tools, the tractor is called an
1280:
599:(single-axle tractors) and four-wheel tractors (two-axle tractors); more axles are possible but uncommon. Among four-wheel tractors (two-axle tractors), most are
2963:
2060:
two-wheel tractors still have a following, especially among those who already own one. Countries where two-wheel tractors are especially prevalent today include
1379:
designed for suburban and semirural gardening and landscape maintenance are produced in a variety of configurations, and also find numerous uses on a farmstead.
337:
4696:
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of the cab. A ROPS with enclosed cab further reduces the likelihood of serious injury because the operator is protected by the sides and windows of the cab.
1058:
In addition to towing an implement or supplying tractive power through the wheels, most tractors have a means to transfer power to another machine such as a
290:
for agricultural use, known as a "barn engine" in 1812, and it was used to drive a corn threshing machine. The truly portable engine was invented in 1839 by
1393:
Some farm-type tractors are found elsewhere than on farms: with large universities' gardening departments, in public parks, or for highway workman use with
306:
used a Clayton & Shuttleworth portable engine to drive apparatus in the first public demonstrations of the application of cable haulage to cultivation.
1914:(ROPS), meaning if the tractor flipped back, the operator could be crushed. Sweden was the first country which passed legislation requiring ROPS, in 1959.
4722:
4292:
1174:
A front-facing foot button is traditionally included just ahead of the driver's seat (designed to be pressed by the operator's heel) to engage the rear
4217:
2266:; the main difference is an A tractor has a top speed of 30 km/h. This is usually done by fitting two gearboxes in a row and only using one. The
4726:
497:
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shaft or axle driven belt. The foot throttle gives the operator more automobile-like control over the speed of a mobile tractor in any operation.
1120:
Modern tractors have many electrical switches and levers in the cab for controlling the multitude of different functions available on the tractor.
4673:
4508:
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179:"to pull". The first recorded use of the word meaning "an engine or vehicle for pulling wagons or plows" occurred in 1896, from the earlier term "
1494:
The durability and engine power of tractors made them very suitable for engineering tasks. Tractors can be fitted with engineering tools such as
529:. The three-point hitch soon became the favorite hitch attachment system among farmers around the world. This tractor model also included a rear
2003:-type transmissions (usually of four or five speeds, although some may also have two-speed reduction gearboxes, drive-shafts, or hydrostatic or
4731:
4408:
1194:
or other gear types, fewer sticks control the transmission, and some are replaced with electrical switches or are totally computer-controlled.
4716:
2589:, that objectively test the performance of all brands of tractors, 40 horsepower or more, sold in Nebraska. In the 1910s and 1920s, an era of
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4618:
4591:
4444:
4392:
3620:
3535:
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3298:
3128:
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The external hydraulics also originally had levers, but now are often replaced with some form of electrical switch; the same is true for the
398:
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4802:
2609:
471:
3851:
3379:
4347:
2724:
1751:
Compact utility tractors require special, smaller implements than full-sized agricultural tractors. Very common implements include the
482:
While unpopular at first, these gasoline-powered machines began to catch on in the 1910s, when they became smaller and more affordable.
428:, in 1903 and 1904. About 500 were built, and many were exported all over the world. The original engine was made by Payne & Co. of
303:
2231:, the result was similar to a tractor and could be used as one. After the war it remained popular as a way for young people without a
309:
In parallel with the early portable engine development, many engineers attempted to make them self-propelled – the fore-runners of the
3103:
2664:
1490:
farm tractor with steel wheel extensions. This arrangement is often used in muddy conditions that are found in paddy farming of rice.
1191:
923:
336:. They were used in pairs, placed on either side of a field to haul a plow back and forth between them using a wire cable. In Britain
2545:
1779:
three to 30 acres and for small jobs on larger farms was a three-wheeled unit, with the rear wheel being the drive wheel, offered by
348:
for direct ploughing, but the heavy, wet soil of England meant that these designs were less economical than a team of horses. In the
3445:
3324:
3272:
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2844:
302:
was mounted on the crankshaft, and a stout leather belt was used to transfer the drive to the equipment being driven. In the 1850s,
3478:
1002:
The drawbar system was virtually the exclusive method of attaching implements (other than direct attachment to the tractor) before
4178:
109:
may be towed behind or mounted on the tractor, and the tractor may also provide a source of power if the implement is mechanised.
2578:
2503:
384:
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problems. The misuse of an instructional seat increases the likelihood of injury, especially when children are transported. The
4787:
2897:
2755:
2174:
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strategy used to reduce the independence of the conquered. The shortage of tractors in that area of Europe was the origin of
751:
most convenient or least expensive for the particular farmer. In the United Kingdom, a gasoline-kerosene engine is known as a
3457:
2533:
1721:
1242:
463:
106:
4668:
3340:
2518:
1736:, Case-Farmall and Massey Ferguson. Although less common, compact backhoes are often attached to compact utility tractors.
1139:
Those with powershift transmissions have identical pedal arrangements on the floor for the operator to actuate, replacing a
3899:
3710:
3658:
150:
4792:
2832:
2784:
2747:
2603:
2586:
1658:
2207:
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and invested all of his assets. The venture was very unsuccessful, and by 1895 all was lost and he went out of business.
2137:
2475:
1147:
pedals - one each for left and right side wheels- are placed together on the right side. Some have a pedal for a foot
1889:
1245:(ROPS) and seat belt, when worn, are the most important safety devices to protect operators from death during tractor
3186:
1618:
in areas too small for larger equipment. Their versatility and compact size make them one of the most popular urban
2390:
are used on airports to move aircraft on the ground, most commonly pushing aircraft away from their parking stands.
2056:
1911:
1408:. These are often fitted with grass (turf) tyres which are less damaging to soft surfaces than agricultural tires.
735:
491:
433:
30:
This article is about the vehicle used in agriculture or construction. For other specific forms tractors take, see
4768:
CDC – Agricultural Safety: Cost-effective Rollover Protective Structures – NIOSH Workplace Safety and Health Topic
4693:
4532:
1160:
temporarily increasing throttle speed to improve hydraulic flow to implements, such as a front end loader bucket.
4704:
3976:
3785:
2772:
2024:
2004:
1638:
1375:
and excavation purposes, particularly with loaders, backhoes, pallet forks and similar devices. Small garden or
903:
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who started manufacture of an engine built around a locomotive-style boiler with horizontal smoke tubes. A large
1873:
distribution network to ensure its commercial success. In the new form factor that the Farmall popularized, the
4797:
2566:
2310:
2178:
1744:
424:, driving a wide range of agricultural machinery. The 1903 sale price was £300. His tractor won a medal at the
35:
4001:
3211:
1952:
has an extensive line of available row crop tractors ranging from 140 to 400 horsepower (100 to 300 kW).
3503:
2027:
are built in this manner. The engines are generally one- or two-cylinder petrol (gasoline) engines, although
1275:
For the ROPS to work as designed, the operator must stay within its protective frame and wear the seat belt.
4745:
2709:
2206:", after the popular kit by the same name.) Ford even considered producing an "official" optional kit. Many
1939:
1865:
1662:
1548:" after the original manufacturer, are particularly suited for small excavation projects in confined areas.
1448:
790:
287:
1653:
1190:
attached at the side of the steering wheel, which allowed forward or reverse travel in any gear. Now, with
282:– steam engines on wheels that could be used to drive mechanical farm machinery by way of a flexible belt.
3951:
3760:
2866:
2439:
2252:
2016:
1133:
752:
518:
371:
with his 1902 prototype Ivel Agricultural Motor, the first successful lightweight gasoline-powered tractor
356:
remained in use well into the 20th century until reliable internal combustion engines had been developed.
1979:
Garden tractors, sometimes called lawn tractors, are small, light tractors designed for use in domestic
1634:
1372:
702:
hydraulic cylinders that move the forward power unit while the trailing unit is not steered separately.
526:
394:
267:
117:
48:
2247:
resulted in a severe shortage of mechanized farm equipment. The destruction of tractors was a sort of
1716:
or FEL. Like the larger agricultural tractors, a CUT will have an adjustable, hydraulically controlled
970:
818:
is often used. Some other biofuels such as straight vegetable oil are also being used by some farmers.
618:
4333:
3925:"A New Project in Rural Oregon Is Letting Farmers Test Drive Electric Tractors in the Name of Science"
3684:"A New Project in Rural Oregon Is Letting Farmers Test Drive Electric Tractors in the Name of Science"
3030:, based on Webster's Third New International Dictionary, Unabridged. Merriam-Webster, 2002.) Headword
3000:
2993:
2361:, most often to transport freight over a significant distance, and is connected to the trailer with a
2259:. Based on the Jeep, the company made a vehicle that combined PTO, tillage, 4wd, and transportation.
1467:
4123:"Social and Individual Influences on Tractor Operating Practices of Young Adult Agricultural Workers"
2751:
2674:
2409:
2362:
1928:
makes row-crop tractors that are 265 to 365 horsepower (198 to 272 kW); powered by an 8.9 liter
1619:
1175:
622:
The Farmall introduced the row crop configuration, which utilized a narrow frontend wheel arrangement
380:
295:
291:
4412:
3735:
1896:(General Purpose) to avoid confusion with the Model D when ordered over the then unclear telephone.
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2443:
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1925:
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440:
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The first commercially successful light-weight petrol-powered general purpose tractor was built by
353:
196:
66:
2462:
1987:
and snow removal, while garden tractors are for small property cultivation. In the U.S., the term
1610:
Their relatively small frames and precise controls make backhoe-loaders very useful and common in
1143:
pedal on the far left with an inching pedal that cuts off hydraulic flow to the clutches. Twinned
774:(15 to 480 kW). Size and output are dependent on application, with smaller tractors used for
678:
559:(electric-powered garden tractor). The Elec-Trak was manufactured by General Electric until 1975.
533:
shaft that could be used to power three point hitch mounted implements such as sickle-bar mowers.
4042:
3144:
2887:
2699:
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2413:
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when gasoline was unavailable or unaffordable. During the same period, another common name was "
1729:
1725:
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1525:
1499:
1456:
1047:
927:
448:
444:
318:
283:
248:
3552:
1906:
Many Oliver row-crop models are referred to as "Oliver Row Crop 77", "Oliver Row Crop 88", etc.
1780:
1301:
352:, where soil conditions permitted, steam tractors were used to direct-haul plows. Steam-powered
3834:
2161:
1955:
Modern row crop tractors have rollover protection systems in the form of a reinforced cab or a
4782:
4614:
4587:
4440:
4388:
4160:
4142:
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countries. Most two-wheel tractors today are specialty tractors made for one purpose, such as
2052:
2045:
1996:
1791:
1717:
1611:
1598:
controls. Removable backhoe attachments almost always have a separate seat on the attachment.
1541:
1432:
1332:
1074:
1027:
1007:
997:
956:
910:
705:
667:
596:
514:
421:
393:
are credited with producing and selling the first oil-engined tractor in Britain, invented by
140:
78:
55:
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4195:
4066:
3809:
3405:
3314:
3288:
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3236:
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minimize the speed differential are employed where feasible. Some countries (for example the
666:
In some localities with heavy or wet soils, notably in the Central Valley of California, the
4434:
4150:
4134:
4024:
4016:
3643:
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2917:
2629:
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1918:
1764:
1739:
1713:
1603:
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1416:
1018:
827:
612:
608:
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556:
548:
542:
333:
4002:"Investigation of UK Farmer Go/No-Go Decisions in Response to Tractor-Based Risk Scenarios"
3736:"Foxconn to manufacture electric tractors for Monarch at newly acquired Lordstown facility"
2286:
2236:
inflated prices and many protests from people who preferred EPA tractors to ordinary cars.
1802:
The earliest tractors were called "standard" tractors, and were intended almost solely for
595:
Tractors can be generally classified by number of axles or wheels, with main categories of
4700:
3027:
2922:
2902:
2892:
2876:
2714:
2694:
2373:
2187:
2183:
2020:
1518:
1503:
1342:
1254:
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Fastrac, are now capable of much higher road speeds of around 50 mph (80 km/h).
747:
671:
600:
413:
325:
314:
310:
279:
272:
180:
172:
136:
70:
4484:
3557:
2157:
A Volvo Duett rebuilt to an EPA tractor. The intended use is no longer as a farm vehicle.
3482:
3162:
1967:
1431:
installed as optional features on farm tractors. These technologies are used in modern,
1296:
4756:
4556:
4155:
4122:
3410:
2907:
2447:
2401:
2248:
2114:
2077:
2036:
and ability to accommodate a wide range of front, belly, and rear mounted attachments.
1972:
1943:
1929:
1841:
is tailored specifically to the growing of crops grown in rows, and most especially to
1811:
1733:
1674:
1570:
1557:
1405:
1401:
1226:
1202:
1168:
1153:
1098:
1090:
1043:
1003:
635:
530:
510:
192:
52:
4635:
4509:"GENESIS® T8 Series – Tier 4B – Overview | Tractors ＆ Telehandlers | New Holland (US)"
626:
4776:
4741:
4138:
2912:
2791:
2729:
2719:
2704:
2451:
2199:
2028:
1992:
1827:
1807:
1760:
1724:
just like agricultural tractors. The most well-known brands in North America include
1626:
1269:
883:
779:
767:
763:
376:
349:
345:
240:
98:
1899:
Oliver refined its "Row Crop" model early in 1930. Until 1935, the 18–27 was Oliver–
1763:), the rotary cutter (slasher or a brush hog), a mid- or rear-mount finish mower, a
1382:
1167:
Foot pedal throttle control is mostly a returning feature of newer tractors. In the
1085:
525:
hitch. In 1938 Ferguson entered into a collaboration with Henry Ford to produce the
4767:
4046:
3044:
2937:
2927:
2551:
2358:
2330:
2298:
2228:
2223:
2215:
2191:
1852:
1666:
1476:
1213:
1026:
The three-point hitch revolutionized farm tractors and their implements. While the
931:
723:
244:
90:
31:
4687:
4020:
3880:
3612:
Garden Tractors: Deere, Cub Cadet, Wheel Horse, and All the Rest, 1930s to Current
1562:
1483:
944:
power takeoff system if the implement is stationary, or a combination of the two.
658:, with two very large driving wheels on an axle below a single seat (the seat and
124:
4608:
4581:
4382:
3637:
3610:
3525:
3344:
782:, and larger tractors for vast fields of wheat, corn, soy, and other bulk crops.
2881:
2510:
2306:
2267:
2081:
2008:
1678:
1534:
1487:
1472:
1452:
1420:
1387:
1376:
1328:
1305:
1221:
1198:
and a switch allowing automatic adjustment of the hitch between these settings.
893:
An older model European farm tractor, of the type still common in Eastern Europe
889:
875:
695:
409:
364:
228:
129:
82:
4121:
Rudolphi, Josie M.; Campo, Shelly; Gerr, Fred; Rohlman, Diane S. (2018-05-01).
2305:
were prevalent parts of their lives. (For example, many 19th- and 20th-century
2145:
1864:
The row-crop tractor category evolved rather than appearing overnight, but the
882:
on some roads that means "no farm tractors". Some modern tractors, such as the
766:
gained momentum starting in the 1960s, and modern farm tractors usually employ
4381:
Klancher, Lee; Leffingwell, Randy; Morland, Andrew; Pripps, Robert N. (2003).
4361:
2811:
2669:
2644:
2482:
2455:
2393:
2321:
The term "tractor" (US and Canada) or "tractor unit" (UK) is also applied to:
2271:
2256:
2125:
2117:
on the exhaust tips; and often wire cages to protect the operator from snags.
2089:
2085:
2069:
1988:
1949:
1885:
1874:
1842:
1772:
1630:
1595:
1444:
1440:
1398:
1351:
839:
775:
771:
573:
483:
425:
405:
368:
317:, in the form recognisable today, was developed in 1859 when British engineer
144:
4583:
Farmall Tractors: History of International McCormick-Deering Farmall Tractors
4146:
2293:
is essentially designed and built by the owner (e.g., a frame is welded from
2194:
for use as tractors. (These were sometimes called 'Hoover wagons' during the
955:
and other tillage equipment are most commonly connected to the tractor via a
447:. They developed a two-cylinder gasoline engine and set up their business in
2590:
2429:
2294:
2166:
2153:
2012:
2000:
1956:
1900:
1768:
1752:
1693:
1642:
1514:
1495:
1428:
1394:
1246:
1011:
879:
835:
815:
686:
567:
552:
522:
454:
212:
200:
17:
4164:
4038:
2055:
or walk-behind tractors, have had many users since the introduction of the
1881:
From 1924 until 1963, Farmalls were the largest selling row-crop tractors.
842:'s protoype electric tractor is a plug-in, powered by an electrical cable.
576:'s protoype electric tractor is a plug-in, powered by an electrical cable.
27:
Engineering vehicle specifically designed to deliver a high tractive effort
4266:
2255:. The war was also the inspiration for dual-purpose vehicles such as the
2110:
1917:
Over 50% of tractor related injuries and deaths are attributed to tractor
1700:
1637:
for any such type of engineering vehicle. The term JCB now appears in the
709:
A modern 4wd articulated crawler power unit planting wheat in North Dakota
646:
2582:
2061:
1893:
1823:
1367:
1148:
1109:
1078:
918:
In newer designs, unsynchronized transmission designs were replaced with
743:
739:
659:
429:
299:
216:
3977:"Autonomous, electric tractor could be the future face of smart farming"
3786:"Autonomous, electric tractor could be the future face of smart farming"
3023:
4586:. Farm Tractor Color History Series. Osceola, WI, US: MBI. p. 28.
4366:
3584:
3163:"The Evolution and History of the Farm Tractor That Changed Everything"
2624:
2420:
2417:
2405:
2343:
2302:
2290:
2262:
In March 1975, a similar type of vehicle was introduced in Sweden, the
2130:
2106:
2101:
1935:
1869:
1857:
1846:
1590:
1359:
1320:
1063:
1031:
1010:. Equipment attached to the three-point hitch can be raised or lowered
794:
655:
487:
475:
459:
232:
224:
102:
4348:"Tractor Sizing - Almost Daily Thread: SUBCOMPACT or COMPACT TRACTOR?"
4029:
2278:
is a Swedish organization advocating homebuilt and modified vehicles.
1688:
1266:
4677:
4069:
U.S. patent no. 1,916,945 (filed: 6 June 1929; issued: 4 July 1933)
2851:
2734:
2684:
2614:
Some of the many tractor manufacturers and brands worldwide include:
2397:
2347:
2219:
1980:
1803:
1756:
1705:
1681:
or front-mounted rotary brooms. The rear PTO is standardized at 540
1615:
1262:
1234:
1140:
960:
843:
579:
521:
produced the Model A Ferguson-Brown tractor with a Ferguson-designed
236:
220:
86:
74:
4613:. Motorbooks Classics Series. Osceola, WI, US: MBI. pp. 43–53.
1845:
these crops. These tractors are universal machines, capable of both
1661:
Super 55 farm tractor, a 24 hp (18 kW) diesel New Holland
930:. The biggest difference is fleet turnover; whereas most of the old
509:
The first three-point hitches were experimented with in 1917. After
401:. It later returned to the factory for a caterpillar track fitting.
133:
112:
1983:, lawns, and small estates. Lawn tractors are designed for cutting
1594:
machine usually has a seat that can swivel to the rear to face the
1589:. As the name implies, it has a loader assembly on the front and a
43:
4636:"The Biological Systems Engineering Program in Nebraska 1895–2011"
4062:
Ferguson, Harry. British patent no. 320,084 (issued: 3 July 1928)
2942:
2795:
2739:
2659:
2654:
2649:
2634:
2160:
2152:
2144:
2136:
2124:
2073:
2065:
1984:
1966:
1851:
1822:"Row-crop" redirects here. For row-crop production generally, see
1738:
1699:
1687:
1652:
1561:
1482:
1466:
1455:. Several tractor companies have also been working on producing a
1381:
1363:
1341:
1310:
1295:
1220:
1212:
1144:
1112:
power to the equipment they are towing, either by hoses or wires.
1084:
1067:
1059:
1017:
969:
952:
909:
888:
862:
831:
704:
685:
677:
645:
639:
631:
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563:
503:
Museo nazionale della scienza e della tecnologia Leonardo da Vinci
496:
453:
363:
266:
251:
208:
204:
168:
149:
123:
111:
42:
4682:
2113:
that allow branches to deflect and slide off rather than catch);
278:
The first powered farm implements in the early 19th century were
4318:"Three Wheeled Tractor With Implements Handles Small-Farm Work."
2999:(4th ed.). Boston and New York: Houghton Mifflin. pp.
2435:
2351:
2275:
1347:
1336:
1324:
859:
691:
94:
1645:
of J. C. Bamford Ltd. The term "digger" is also commonly used.
4218:"Tragedy averted: 90-second video speaks to Wisconsin farmers"
1786:
An even smaller variant of the compact utility tractor is the
1759:
blade, the landscape rake, the post hole digger (or post hole
1682:
1424:
154:
Agricultural tractors per 100 square kilometres of arable land
4688:
Historical Tractor Test Reports and Manufacturers' Literature
738:
have been the power source of choice. Between 1900 and 1960,
4533:"Track Technology | Quadtrac and Rowtrac Tractors | Case IH"
2826:
A scale model of a modern Ursus and Fendt tractor in Germany
2173:
The ingenuity of farm mechanics, coupled in some cases with
1339:, tilling, disking, harrowing, planting, and similar tasks.
722:
The predecessors of modern tractors, traction engines, used
51:
helped revolutionize modern mechanized agriculture with its
4669:
Purdue University Tractor Safety Article re: ROPS, PTO, etc
1810:
before planting, which were difficult tasks for humans and
1229:
WD row crop tractor, absent any form of rollover protection
4580:
Pripps, Robert N.; Morland, Andrew (photographer) (1993).
3316:
Ultimate John Deere: The History of the Big Green Machines
2141:
An advertisement for auto-to-tractor conversion kits, 1918
254:, but also usually refers to the piece of farm equipment.
4557:"John Deere Tractors | Row Crop Tractors | John Deere US"
3212:"When Was The First Tractor Made?? - Gas Engine Magazine"
2365:. In England, this type of "tractor" is often called an "
2357:
The majority of these tractors are designed to pull long
1790:. Although these tractors are often barely larger than a
1132:; increasingly they have hydraulically driven powershift
607:); but many are two-wheel drive with front wheel assist,
3854:. Department of the Environment and Heritage, Australila
3711:"Development of Fendt's e100 electric tractor continues"
2995:
The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language
1265:
were killed by rollovers while operating tractors along
1104:
Virtually all modern tractors can also provide external
562:
Electric tractors are manufactured by a German company,
4717:
EU Working Group on Agricultural Tractors – Work Safety
4640:
Biological Systems Engineering: Papers and Publications
4198:. National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
3026:(MWU). (Online subscription-based reference service of
2222:
led to the development of the so-called "EPA" tractor (
4293:"Campaign strives to keep young children off tractors"
4196:"Cost-effective Rollover Protective Structure (CROPS)"
4436:
The American Tractor: A Century of Legendary Machines
2750:
group has developed several working prototypes of an
2190:
among them) marketed aftermarket kits for converting
1573:, with backhoe on the rear and loader bucket in front
1319:
The most common use of the term "tractor" is for the
2281:
Another type of homemade tractors are ones that are
1712:
One of the most common attachments for a CUT is the
4762:
ACC: Farm safety: Vehicles, machinery and equipment
2964:"Tractors per 100 square kilometres of arable land"
2334:or traction heads, familiar as the front end of an
1261:together and angled inward toward the ground. Some
439:The first successful American tractor was built by
4107:
4105:
3409:
2992:
2121:Automobile conversions and other homemade versions
1327:. The farm tractor is used for pulling or pushing
3852:BE energy promoting biodiesel for use in tractors
3406:"John Froelich: The Story of a Man and a Tractor"
1783:in 1954 and priced at $ 598 for the basic model.
93:. Most commonly, the term is used to describe a
4194:Keane, Paul R.; McKenzie, Tony (30 April 2013).
3585:"Henry Ford's Tractors and American Agriculture"
2182:tinkering in their shops. Especially during the
1657:The relative sizes of a 30 hp (22 kW)
1022:A modern three-point with a quick hitch attached
101:agricultural tasks, especially (and originally)
97:vehicle that provides the power and traction to
77:) at slow speeds, for the purposes of hauling a
3187:"John Charter: Charter Member - Farm Collector"
1128:Some modern farm tractors retain a traditional
846:is prototyping an autonomous electric tractor.
582:is prototyping an autonomous electric tractor.
4299:. Milwaukee Journal Sentinel. Journal Sentinel
3810:"Wood gas vehicles: firewood in the fuel tank"
2200:automobiles converted to horse-drawn buggy use
2198:, although this term was usually reserved for
2169:– notice the smv triangle and the longer boot.
1577:The most common variation of the classic farm
1281:International Organization for Standardization
3952:"Electric Tractors Are The Future Of Farming"
3761:"Electric Tractors Are The Future Of Farming"
3481:. Biggleswade History Society. Archived from
2746:In addition to commercial manufacturers, the
1924:Canadian agricultural equipment manufacturer
1747:for tractors 20–50 horsepower (15–37 kW)
1607:can be replaced with other devices or tools.
1447:in plowing and the use of autosteer systems (
770:, which range in power output from 18 to 575
8:
4189:
4187:
3382:. Inspired Media. 2009-08-21. Archived from
2243:The German occupation of Italy during World
4752:Adaptive Tractor Overturn Prediction System
4334:"Compact and Sub-Compact Tractors Compared"
3900:"An electric tractor may be in your future"
3659:"An electric tractor may be in your future"
2754:tractor called the LifeTrac as part of its
4757:Tractor Overturn Protection and Prevention
4079:
4077:
4059:Ferguson's patents for three-point hitch:
1304:8110 Farm Tractor plowing a field using a
1136:and CVT, which vastly simplify operation.
1015:less danger when attaching the implement.
654:The classic farm tractor is a simple open
271:1882 Harrison Machine Works steam-powered
4154:
4028:
3460:. The Science and Society Picture Library
2585:Tractor Test Law and administered by the
2412:, controls and devices that comprise the
830:are being developed by a German company,
4409:"Tractors Advance during the Depression"
3504:"Smithsonian Museum of American History"
3145:"Tractors Advance during the Depression"
69:specifically designed to deliver a high
4461:"QSL9 for Agriculture (Tier 4 Interim)"
4411:. Livinghistoryfarm.org. Archived from
4000:Irwin, Amy; Poots, Jill (12 Apr 2018).
3558:The World's Work: A History of Our Time
2955:
2765:
2468:
615:crawler (with steel or rubber tracks).
4067:"Tractor-drawn agricultural implement"
2539:Road tractor pulling a flatbed trailer
1397:cylinders strapped to the sides and a
1089:An implement connected to a tractor's
611:(often with articulated steering), or
4736:National Agricultural Safety Database
3604:
3602:
3553:"The Passing Of The Man With The Hoe"
3343:. Froelich Foundation. Archived from
3123:. Shire Publications Ltd. p. 5.
2814:9320 at a construction site in the US
1054:Power take-off systems and hydraulics
513:applied for a British patent for his
399:Royal Agricultural Society of England
7:
4439:. Osceola, WI, US: MBI. p. 72.
3864:Jatropha being used to run a tractor
3458:"Dan Albone, English inventor, 1902"
3319:. Voyageur Press. 2001. p. 52.
3267:. Voyageur Press. 1996. p. 14.
2610:List of former tractor manufacturers
734:Since the turn of the 20th century,
472:Saunderson Tractor and Implement Co.
379:built a gasoline-powered tractor in
4674:Agricultural Tractors and Machinery
3098:. New English Library. p. 56.
1614:projects, such as construction and
1217:John Deere tractor rollover diagram
924:continuously variable transmissions
814:In some countries such as Germany,
501:Tractor Cassani model 40HP, at the
286:designed the first 'semi-portable'
4634:Splinter, William (January 2012).
3615:. Voyageur Press. pp. 81–83.
3551:Rumeley, Edward A. (August 1910).
3073:. Shire Publications. p. 30.
2884:, the world's largest farm tractor
2100:Tractors tailored to use in fruit
139:is also a form of tractor, as are
81:or machinery such as that used in
25:
4721:EU Directives on tractor design:
4242:"Attachments, instructional seat"
2838:Farm tractor in Balnain, Scotland
1641:, although it is still legally a
1625:In the UK and Ireland, the word "
778:, landscaping, orchard work, and
650:Volvo T25, 1956, gasoline tractor
634:25, was the first model from the
243:, the word may also refer to the
4690:Reports on 400+ models 1903–2006
4683:Nebraska Tractor Test Laboratory
4139:10.1016/j.jadohealth.2017.11.300
3923:Weisbrod, Katelyn (2022-07-13).
3682:Weisbrod, Katelyn (2022-07-13).
3071:Richard Trevithick (Lifelines 6)
2843:
2831:
2819:
2803:
2783:
2771:
2558:
2544:
2532:
2517:
2502:
2490:
2474:
2369:" (short for "articulated" cab).
2149:A Ford rebuilt to an EPA tractor
682:John Deere tracked tractor 8330T
385:Waterloo Gasoline Engine Company
4362:"Kubota BX Series VS. B Series"
3975:Szymkowski, Sean (2020-01-29).
3784:Szymkowski, Sean (2020-01-29).
3636:Liston, James M. (April 1970).
2898:Lester F. Larsen Tractor Museum
2756:Global Village Construction Set
1722:roll over protection structures
1346:A farm tractor used to power a
914:Cutaway of a John Deere tractor
854:Most older farm tractors use a
742:was the predominant fuel, with
143:and the power units which pull
3950:Brackney, Susan (2021-09-02).
3898:Gaines, Tharran (2021-11-28).
3759:Brackney, Susan (2021-09-02).
3657:Gaines, Tharran (2021-11-28).
3241:. Voyageur Press. p. 45.
2376:, whose load is hauled from a
1704:Broadcast seeder mounted to a
1404:permanently fastened over the
1243:roll-over protection structure
939:Hitches and power applications
586:Design, power and transmission
464:Princess Anne County, Virginia
1:
4021:10.1080/1059924X.2017.1423000
3609:Will, Oscar H. (2009-02-15).
3595:(2): 81–83 – via JSTOR.
3412:The John Deere Tractor Legacy
3238:The John Deere Tractor Legacy
3051:. Online Etymology Dictionary
2604:List of tractor manufacturers
1427:devices, and robust on-board
1077:or cables wrapped around the
4291:Barrett, Rick (3 May 2014).
4127:Journal of Adolescent Health
3734:Doll, Scooter (2022-08-09).
3709:Garvey, Scott (2021-02-10).
3368:. Iowa Pathways. 2016-08-17.
3121:Discovering Traction Engines
2218:, a shortage of tractors in
1849:and cultivation of a crop.
897:Older tractors usually have
690:A modern front wheel assist
4803:Vehicles introduced in 1901
4607:Leffingwell, Randy (2004).
4513:agriculture1.newholland.com
4485:"Versatile – MFWD Tractors"
4181:. Colorado State University
4090:National Ag Safety Database
3408:. In Macmillan, Don (ed.).
2186:, dozens of manufacturers (
1419:has been incorporated into
1287:Applications and variations
834:, and by two US companies,
736:internal combustion engines
492:internal combustion engines
116:A modern Ukrainian tractor
4819:
4433:Ertel, Patrick W. (2001).
4086:"Tractor Overturn Hazards"
3293:. Xulon Press. June 2002.
3024:Merriam-Webster Unabridged
2607:
2601:
2581:are tests mandated by the
2454:between their hangars and
2432:pieces of varying weights.
2090:self propelled push mowers
2057:internal combustion engine
2043:
1912:rollover protection system
1903:'s only row-crop tractor.
1821:
1788:subcompact utility tractor
1555:
1443:have actually facilitated
1315:A tractor pulling a tiller
995:
826:Prototype battery powered
540:
391:Richard Hornsby & Sons
323:Clayton & Shuttleworth
29:
4705:Canada Agriculture Museum
3404:Miller, Orrin E. (2003).
3380:"From Steam to Gasoline…"
3216:www.gasenginemagazine.com
3094:Lane, Michael R. (1976).
2470:Non-agricultural tractors
1639:Oxford English Dictionary
3583:Wik, Reynold M. (1964).
3119:Bonnett, Harold (1975).
2778:A Ford tractor in Brazil
2567:Lombard steam log hauler
2007:). Garden tractors from
555:, the first commercial,
527:Ford-Ferguson 9N tractor
36:Tractor (disambiguation)
4746:National Safety Council
4084:Murphy, Dennis (1991).
4009:Journal of Agromedicine
3881:"Forage and Food Crops"
3530:. Krause Publications.
2428:– vehicles used to tow
1866:International Harvester
1663:compact utility tractor
791:Liquefied petroleum gas
786:Liquefied petroleum gas
566:, and by US companies,
426:Royal Agricultural Show
288:stationary steam engine
107:Agricultural implements
4788:Agricultural machinery
4222:Wisconsin State Farmer
4179:General Tractor Safety
3034:. Accessed 2007-09-22.
2867:Agricultural machinery
2587:University of Nebraska
2579:Nebraska tractor tests
2404:– the amalgamation of
2342:. They are heavy-duty
2170:
2165:A " tractor" based on
2158:
2150:
2142:
2134:
2133:tractor pulling a plow
1976:
1861:
1748:
1709:
1697:
1669:
1574:
1491:
1480:
1390:
1355:
1316:
1308:
1230:
1218:
1097:Modern tractors use a
1094:
1023:
975:
915:
894:
753:petrol-paraffin engine
710:
698:
683:
651:
643:
623:
519:Ferguson-Brown Company
506:
467:
372:
275:
155:
147:
121:
58:
34:. For other uses, see
4694:A History of Tractors
4246:salesmanual.deere.com
3524:Wendel, C.H. (2011).
3264:Vintage Farm Tractors
3191:www.farmcollector.com
3149:livinghistoryfarm.org
3069:Hodge, James (1973).
2767:Agricultural tractors
2410:electrical generators
2164:
2156:
2148:
2140:
2128:
1970:
1855:
1742:
1703:
1691:
1656:
1635:genericized trademark
1620:construction vehicles
1565:
1537:and a bale grappler.
1486:
1471:A tractor factory in
1470:
1385:
1373:landscape maintenance
1345:
1314:
1299:
1224:
1216:
1088:
1021:
992:Three-point and quick
973:
913:
892:
871:slow operating speeds
838:and Monarch Tractor.
730:Gasoline and kerosene
708:
689:
681:
649:
629:
621:
570:and Monarch Tractor.
500:
494:had become the norm.
457:
432:. After 1906, French
395:Herbert Akroyd Stuart
367:
270:
153:
127:
115:
105:, and now many more.
49:Ford N-series tractor
46:
4793:Engineering vehicles
4489:www.versatile-ag.com
3885:Penn State Extension
3589:Agricultural History
2850:A tractor pulling a
2790:Modern tractors, an
2752:open source hardware
2440:other space agencies
2363:fifth wheel coupling
2017:Economy (Power King)
1696:mounted to a tractor
1692:Howse brand modular
1073:Early tractors used
663:safety and comfort.
531:Power Take Off (PTO)
381:Clayton County, Iowa
354:agricultural engines
296:Boston, Lincolnshire
4663:Tractor information
4323:, June 1954, p. 96.
4177:Ayers, P.D. (2010)
3930:Inside Climate News
3689:Inside Climate News
2748:Open Source Ecology
2444:very large tractors
2285:from scratch. The "
1975:towing a cargo cart
1781:Sears & Roebuck
1508:engineering vehicle
1182:Levers and switches
1130:manual transmission
928:semi-trailer trucks
856:manual transmission
630:The diesel powered
462:discing a field in
436:engines were used.
187:National variations
67:engineering vehicle
4699:2012-03-02 at the
4610:Ford Farm Tractors
3904:Successful Farming
3663:Successful Farming
3416:. Voyageur Press.
3366:"Gasoline Tractor"
3341:"Froelich Tractor"
2888:Driverless tractor
2497:A Trackmobile 4150
2426:Artillery tractors
2414:traction component
2372:A minority is the
2340:semi-trailer truck
2171:
2159:
2151:
2143:
2135:
2053:two-wheel tractors
1977:
1862:
1749:
1730:John Deere Tractor
1710:
1698:
1670:
1665:, and a Cub Cadet
1575:
1542:skid-steer loaders
1519:track-type tractor
1492:
1481:
1457:driverless tractor
1391:
1386:A tractor with an
1356:
1317:
1309:
1231:
1219:
1095:
1024:
976:
916:
895:
711:
699:
684:
652:
644:
624:
597:two-wheel tractors
507:
468:
449:Charles City, Iowa
416:, John Hewitt and
373:
284:Richard Trevithick
276:
156:
148:
141:artillery tractors
122:
59:
4727:(Numerical Index)
4620:978-0-7603-1919-2
4593:978-0-87938-763-1
4446:978-0-7603-0863-9
4394:978-0-7603-1776-1
4321:Popular Mechanics
3816:. 18 January 2010
3814:LOW-TECH MAGAZINE
3639:Popular Mechanics
3622:978-1-61673-161-8
3537:978-0-87349-929-3
3423:978-0-89658-619-2
3300:978-1-59160-134-0
3130:978-0-85263-318-2
3096:Pride of the Road
3080:978-0-85263-177-5
3010:978-0-395-82517-4
2968:Our World in Data
2933:Two-wheel tractor
2872:Artillery tractor
2690:Mahindra Tractors
2509:A tractor-driven
2387:Pushback tractors
2336:articulated lorry
2216:World War II
2046:Two-wheel tractor
1989:riding lawn mower
1792:riding lawn mower
1718:three-point hitch
1612:urban engineering
1544:, but nicknamed "
1433:precision farming
1176:differential lock
1048:front-end loaders
1008:three-point hitch
998:Three-point hitch
828:electric tractors
515:three-point hitch
422:stationary engine
56:three point hitch
16:(Redirected from
4810:
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4351:
4350:. 22 April 2019.
4344:
4338:
4337:
4330:
4324:
4315:
4309:
4308:
4306:
4304:
4297:www.jsonline.com
4288:
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4267:"ISO 23205:2014"
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4065:Ferguson, Harry
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3644:Hearst Magazines
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3573:
3571:
3570:
3548:
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3527:Oliver Hart-Parr
3521:
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3041:
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3015:
3014:
2998:
2989:Houghton Mifflin
2985:
2979:
2978:
2976:
2974:
2960:
2918:Terminal tractor
2847:
2835:
2823:
2807:
2787:
2775:
2562:
2548:
2536:
2526:pushback tractor
2521:
2506:
2494:
2481:Diesel-electric
2478:
2246:
2233:driver's license
2196:Great Depression
2005:hydraulic drives
1839:row-crop tractor
1765:broadcast seeder
1714:front-end loader
1585:, also called a
1435:techniques. The
1417:Space technology
904:double clutching
822:Electric powered
718:Engine and fuels
609:four-wheel drive
557:electric tractor
549:General Electric
543:Electric tractor
280:portable engines
263:Traction engines
21:
4818:
4817:
4813:
4812:
4811:
4809:
4808:
4807:
4798:Heavy equipment
4773:
4772:
4713:
4701:Wayback Machine
4665:
4660:
4655:
4654:
4644:
4642:
4633:
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4606:
4605:
4601:
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4565:
4563:
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4517:
4515:
4507:
4506:
4502:
4493:
4491:
4483:
4482:
4478:
4469:
4467:
4465:Cummins Engines
4459:
4458:
4454:
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4432:
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4427:
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4406:
4402:
4395:
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4359:
4355:
4346:
4345:
4341:
4336:. 30 June 2017.
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3846:
3839:www.inforse.org
3833:
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3472:
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3456:
3455:
3451:
3436:Moffitt, John.
3435:
3431:
3424:
3403:
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3398:
3389:
3387:
3378:
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3028:Merriam-Webster
3022:
3018:
3011:
2987:
2986:
2982:
2972:
2970:
2962:
2961:
2957:
2952:
2947:
2923:Tractor pulling
2903:Non-road engine
2893:Heavy equipment
2877:Ballast tractor
2862:
2855:
2848:
2839:
2836:
2827:
2824:
2815:
2808:
2799:
2788:
2779:
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2695:Massey Ferguson
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2479:
2448:launch vehicles
2402:rail car movers
2374:ballast tractor
2319:
2244:
2188:Montgomery Ward
2184:interwar period
2123:
2115:spark arrestors
2098:
2048:
2042:
2021:Massey Ferguson
1965:
1847:primary tillage
1835:general-purpose
1831:
1820:
1800:
1651:
1649:Compact utility
1560:
1554:
1465:
1423:in the form of
1414:
1399:pneumatic drill
1294:
1289:
1211:
1184:
1126:
1118:
1106:hydraulic fluid
1056:
1028:Ferguson System
1000:
994:
985:
950:
941:
920:synchronization
852:
824:
812:
804:
788:
761:
748:Rumely Oil Pull
732:
720:
696:the Netherlands
601:two-wheel drive
593:
588:
551:introduced the
545:
539:
486:introduced the
445:Charles H. Parr
441:Charles W. Hart
418:Lord Willoughby
414:Charles Jarrott
362:
334:plowing engines
326:portable engine
315:traction engine
311:traction engine
292:William Tuxford
273:traction engine
265:
260:
249:tractor trailer
189:
183:motor" (1859).
167:was taken from
161:
137:ballast tractor
71:tractive effort
39:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4816:
4814:
4806:
4805:
4800:
4795:
4790:
4785:
4775:
4774:
4771:
4770:
4765:
4759:
4754:
4749:
4742:Tractor Safety
4739:
4732:Tractor Safety
4729:
4723:(Mapped Index)
4719:
4712:
4711:Tractor safety
4709:
4708:
4707:
4691:
4685:
4680:
4671:
4664:
4661:
4659:
4658:External links
4656:
4653:
4652:
4626:
4619:
4599:
4592:
4572:
4548:
4524:
4500:
4476:
4452:
4445:
4425:
4400:
4393:
4387:. Crestline .
4373:
4353:
4339:
4325:
4310:
4283:
4258:
4233:
4209:
4183:
4170:
4133:(5): 605–611.
4113:
4101:
4073:
4071:
4070:
4063:
4052:
4015:(2): 154–165.
3992:
3967:
3942:
3915:
3890:
3872:
3856:
3844:
3826:
3801:
3776:
3751:
3726:
3701:
3674:
3649:
3646:. p. 120.
3628:
3621:
3598:
3575:
3543:
3536:
3516:
3506:. Hart Parr #3
3495:
3470:
3449:
3438:The Ivel Story
3429:
3422:
3396:
3371:
3357:
3332:
3325:
3306:
3299:
3280:
3273:
3254:
3247:
3228:
3203:
3178:
3154:
3136:
3129:
3111:
3105:978-0450028373
3104:
3086:
3079:
3061:
3036:
3016:
3009:
2980:
2954:
2953:
2951:
2948:
2946:
2945:
2940:
2935:
2930:
2925:
2920:
2915:
2910:
2908:Power take-off
2905:
2900:
2895:
2890:
2885:
2879:
2874:
2869:
2863:
2861:
2858:
2857:
2856:
2849:
2842:
2840:
2837:
2830:
2828:
2825:
2818:
2816:
2809:
2802:
2800:
2789:
2782:
2780:
2777:
2770:
2768:
2763:
2760:
2743:
2742:
2737:
2732:
2727:
2722:
2717:
2712:
2707:
2702:
2697:
2692:
2687:
2682:
2677:
2672:
2667:
2662:
2657:
2652:
2647:
2642:
2637:
2632:
2627:
2622:
2616:
2602:Main listing:
2599:
2596:
2575:
2574:Nebraska tests
2572:
2571:
2570:
2564:
2557:
2555:
2550:
2543:
2541:
2538:
2531:
2529:
2523:
2516:
2514:
2508:
2501:
2499:
2496:
2489:
2487:
2480:
2473:
2471:
2467:
2466:
2459:
2452:Space Shuttles
2446:to move large
2433:
2423:
2391:
2383:
2382:
2381:
2370:
2318:
2315:
2249:scorched-earth
2122:
2119:
2097:
2094:
2078:Southeast Asia
2044:Main article:
2041:
2038:
2019:, John Deere,
1973:garden tractor
1964:
1961:
1944:CNH Industrial
1930:Cummins Diesel
1819:
1816:
1799:
1796:
1734:New Holland Ag
1675:power take-off
1650:
1647:
1587:backhoe-loader
1571:backhoe loader
1558:Backhoe loader
1556:Main article:
1553:
1550:
1464:
1461:
1413:
1410:
1406:power take-off
1402:air compressor
1354:a plot of land
1293:
1290:
1288:
1285:
1227:Allis-Chalmers
1210:
1207:
1203:power take-off
1183:
1180:
1125:
1122:
1117:
1114:
1099:power take-off
1091:power take-off
1055:
1052:
1006:developed the
1004:Harry Ferguson
996:Main article:
993:
990:
984:
981:
949:
946:
940:
937:
899:unsynchronized
851:
848:
823:
820:
811:
808:
803:
800:
787:
784:
768:diesel engines
760:
757:
731:
728:
719:
716:
592:
589:
587:
584:
541:Main article:
538:
535:
511:Harry Ferguson
361:
358:
346:steam tractors
319:Thomas Aveling
264:
261:
259:
256:
188:
185:
160:
157:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4815:
4804:
4801:
4799:
4796:
4794:
4791:
4789:
4786:
4784:
4781:
4780:
4778:
4769:
4766:
4763:
4760:
4758:
4755:
4753:
4750:
4747:
4743:
4740:
4737:
4733:
4730:
4728:
4724:
4720:
4718:
4715:
4714:
4710:
4706:
4702:
4698:
4695:
4692:
4689:
4686:
4684:
4681:
4679:
4675:
4672:
4670:
4667:
4666:
4662:
4657:
4641:
4637:
4630:
4627:
4622:
4616:
4612:
4611:
4603:
4600:
4595:
4589:
4585:
4584:
4576:
4573:
4562:
4561:www.deere.com
4558:
4552:
4549:
4538:
4534:
4528:
4525:
4514:
4510:
4504:
4501:
4490:
4486:
4480:
4477:
4466:
4462:
4456:
4453:
4448:
4442:
4438:
4437:
4429:
4426:
4415:on 2021-02-22
4414:
4410:
4404:
4401:
4396:
4390:
4386:
4385:
4384:Farm Tractors
4377:
4374:
4369:
4368:
4363:
4357:
4354:
4349:
4343:
4340:
4335:
4329:
4326:
4322:
4319:
4314:
4311:
4298:
4294:
4287:
4284:
4272:
4268:
4262:
4259:
4247:
4243:
4237:
4234:
4223:
4219:
4213:
4210:
4197:
4190:
4188:
4184:
4180:
4174:
4171:
4166:
4162:
4157:
4152:
4148:
4144:
4140:
4136:
4132:
4128:
4124:
4117:
4114:
4108:
4106:
4102:
4091:
4087:
4080:
4078:
4074:
4068:
4064:
4061:
4060:
4056:
4053:
4048:
4044:
4040:
4036:
4031:
4026:
4022:
4018:
4014:
4010:
4003:
3996:
3993:
3982:
3978:
3971:
3968:
3957:
3953:
3946:
3943:
3932:
3931:
3926:
3919:
3916:
3905:
3901:
3894:
3891:
3886:
3882:
3876:
3873:
3870:(2008-08-08)
3869:
3865:
3860:
3857:
3853:
3848:
3845:
3840:
3836:
3830:
3827:
3815:
3811:
3805:
3802:
3791:
3787:
3780:
3777:
3766:
3762:
3755:
3752:
3741:
3737:
3730:
3727:
3716:
3712:
3705:
3702:
3691:
3690:
3685:
3678:
3675:
3664:
3660:
3653:
3650:
3645:
3641:
3640:
3632:
3629:
3624:
3618:
3614:
3613:
3605:
3603:
3599:
3594:
3590:
3586:
3579:
3576:
3565:: 13246–13258
3564:
3560:
3559:
3554:
3547:
3544:
3539:
3533:
3529:
3528:
3520:
3517:
3505:
3499:
3496:
3485:on 2012-03-15
3484:
3480:
3474:
3471:
3459:
3453:
3450:
3447:
3446:0-9540222-6-2
3443:
3439:
3433:
3430:
3425:
3419:
3414:
3413:
3407:
3400:
3397:
3386:on 2012-02-24
3385:
3381:
3375:
3372:
3367:
3361:
3358:
3347:on 2019-08-29
3346:
3342:
3336:
3333:
3328:
3326:9781610605588
3322:
3318:
3317:
3310:
3307:
3302:
3296:
3292:
3291:
3284:
3281:
3276:
3274:9781610605649
3270:
3266:
3265:
3258:
3255:
3250:
3248:9781610605298
3244:
3240:
3239:
3232:
3229:
3217:
3213:
3207:
3204:
3192:
3188:
3182:
3179:
3168:
3164:
3158:
3155:
3150:
3146:
3140:
3137:
3132:
3126:
3122:
3115:
3112:
3107:
3101:
3097:
3090:
3087:
3082:
3076:
3072:
3065:
3062:
3050:
3046:
3040:
3037:
3033:
3029:
3025:
3020:
3017:
3012:
3006:
3002:
2997:
2996:
2990:
2984:
2981:
2969:
2965:
2959:
2956:
2949:
2944:
2941:
2939:
2936:
2934:
2931:
2929:
2926:
2924:
2921:
2919:
2916:
2914:
2913:Railcar mover
2911:
2909:
2906:
2904:
2901:
2899:
2896:
2894:
2891:
2889:
2886:
2883:
2880:
2878:
2875:
2873:
2870:
2868:
2865:
2864:
2859:
2853:
2846:
2841:
2834:
2829:
2822:
2817:
2813:
2806:
2801:
2797:
2793:
2786:
2781:
2774:
2769:
2766:
2761:
2759:
2757:
2753:
2749:
2741:
2738:
2736:
2733:
2731:
2728:
2726:
2723:
2721:
2718:
2716:
2713:
2711:
2708:
2706:
2705:Mercedes-Benz
2703:
2701:
2698:
2696:
2693:
2691:
2688:
2686:
2683:
2681:
2678:
2676:
2673:
2671:
2668:
2666:
2663:
2661:
2658:
2656:
2653:
2651:
2648:
2646:
2643:
2641:
2638:
2636:
2633:
2631:
2628:
2626:
2623:
2621:
2618:
2617:
2615:
2611:
2605:
2598:Manufacturers
2597:
2595:
2592:
2588:
2584:
2580:
2573:
2568:
2561:
2556:
2553:
2547:
2542:
2535:
2530:
2527:
2520:
2515:
2512:
2505:
2500:
2493:
2488:
2484:
2477:
2472:
2469:
2464:
2460:
2457:
2453:
2449:
2445:
2441:
2437:
2434:
2431:
2427:
2424:
2422:
2419:
2415:
2411:
2407:
2403:
2399:
2395:
2392:
2389:
2388:
2384:
2379:
2375:
2371:
2368:
2364:
2360:
2359:semi-trailers
2356:
2355:
2353:
2349:
2345:
2341:
2337:
2333:
2332:
2331:tractor units
2327:
2326:Road tractors
2324:
2323:
2322:
2316:
2314:
2312:
2308:
2304:
2300:
2296:
2292:
2288:
2284:
2279:
2277:
2273:
2269:
2265:
2260:
2258:
2254:
2250:
2241:
2237:
2234:
2230:
2225:
2221:
2217:
2212:
2209:
2208:Model A Fords
2205:
2201:
2197:
2193:
2192:Ford Model Ts
2189:
2185:
2180:
2176:
2168:
2163:
2155:
2147:
2139:
2132:
2127:
2120:
2118:
2116:
2112:
2108:
2103:
2095:
2093:
2091:
2087:
2083:
2079:
2075:
2071:
2067:
2063:
2058:
2054:
2047:
2039:
2037:
2033:
2030:
2029:diesel engine
2026:
2022:
2018:
2014:
2010:
2006:
2002:
1998:
1994:
1993:lawn tractors
1990:
1986:
1982:
1974:
1969:
1962:
1960:
1958:
1953:
1951:
1947:
1945:
1941:
1937:
1933:
1931:
1927:
1922:
1920:
1915:
1913:
1907:
1904:
1902:
1897:
1895:
1891:
1888:designed the
1887:
1882:
1879:
1876:
1871:
1867:
1859:
1854:
1850:
1848:
1844:
1840:
1836:
1829:
1828:Market garden
1825:
1817:
1815:
1813:
1812:draft animals
1809:
1805:
1797:
1795:
1793:
1789:
1784:
1782:
1776:
1774:
1770:
1766:
1762:
1758:
1754:
1746:
1741:
1737:
1735:
1731:
1727:
1723:
1719:
1715:
1707:
1702:
1695:
1690:
1686:
1684:
1680:
1676:
1668:
1664:
1660:
1655:
1648:
1646:
1644:
1640:
1636:
1632:
1628:
1623:
1621:
1617:
1613:
1608:
1605:
1599:
1597:
1592:
1588:
1584:
1580:
1572:
1569:
1564:
1559:
1551:
1549:
1547:
1543:
1538:
1536:
1530:
1527:
1522:
1520:
1516:
1511:
1509:
1505:
1501:
1497:
1489:
1485:
1478:
1474:
1469:
1462:
1460:
1458:
1454:
1450:
1446:
1442:
1438:
1434:
1430:
1426:
1422:
1418:
1411:
1409:
1407:
1403:
1400:
1396:
1389:
1384:
1380:
1378:
1377:lawn tractors
1374:
1369:
1365:
1361:
1353:
1349:
1344:
1340:
1338:
1334:
1331:machinery or
1330:
1326:
1322:
1313:
1307:
1303:
1298:
1291:
1286:
1284:
1282:
1276:
1273:
1271:
1268:
1264:
1258:
1256:
1250:
1248:
1244:
1239:
1236:
1228:
1223:
1215:
1208:
1206:
1204:
1199:
1195:
1193:
1187:
1181:
1179:
1177:
1172:
1170:
1165:
1161:
1157:
1155:
1152:implement by
1150:
1146:
1142:
1137:
1135:
1134:transmissions
1131:
1123:
1121:
1115:
1113:
1111:
1107:
1102:
1100:
1092:
1087:
1083:
1080:
1076:
1071:
1069:
1065:
1061:
1053:
1051:
1049:
1045:
1040:
1036:
1033:
1029:
1020:
1016:
1013:
1012:hydraulically
1009:
1005:
999:
991:
989:
982:
980:
972:
968:
964:
962:
958:
954:
947:
945:
938:
936:
933:
932:road tractors
929:
925:
921:
912:
908:
905:
900:
891:
887:
885:
881:
877:
872:
866:
864:
861:
858:with several
857:
849:
847:
845:
841:
837:
833:
829:
821:
819:
817:
809:
807:
801:
799:
796:
792:
785:
783:
781:
780:truck farming
777:
773:
769:
765:
764:Dieselisation
758:
756:
754:
749:
745:
741:
737:
729:
727:
725:
724:steam engines
717:
715:
707:
703:
697:
693:
688:
680:
676:
673:
669:
668:"Caterpillar"
664:
661:
657:
648:
641:
638:manufacturer
637:
633:
628:
620:
616:
614:
610:
606:
602:
598:
591:Configuration
590:
585:
583:
581:
577:
575:
571:
569:
565:
560:
558:
554:
550:
544:
536:
534:
532:
528:
524:
520:
516:
512:
504:
499:
495:
493:
489:
485:
480:
477:
473:
470:In 1908, the
465:
461:
456:
452:
450:
446:
442:
437:
435:
431:
427:
423:
419:
415:
411:
407:
402:
400:
396:
392:
388:
386:
382:
378:
377:John Froelich
370:
366:
359:
357:
355:
351:
350:United States
347:
343:
339:
335:
329:
327:
324:
320:
316:
312:
307:
305:
301:
297:
293:
289:
285:
281:
274:
269:
262:
257:
255:
253:
250:
247:portion of a
246:
242:
238:
234:
230:
226:
222:
218:
214:
210:
206:
202:
198:
194:
186:
184:
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166:
158:
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146:
142:
138:
135:
131:
126:
119:
114:
110:
108:
104:
100:
96:
92:
88:
84:
80:
76:
72:
68:
64:
57:
54:
50:
45:
41:
37:
33:
19:
4643:. Retrieved
4639:
4629:
4609:
4602:
4582:
4575:
4564:. Retrieved
4560:
4551:
4540:. Retrieved
4536:
4527:
4516:. Retrieved
4512:
4503:
4492:. Retrieved
4488:
4479:
4468:. Retrieved
4464:
4455:
4435:
4428:
4417:. Retrieved
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3498:
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3483:the original
3479:"Dan Albone"
3473:
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3452:
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3384:the original
3374:
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3345:the original
3335:
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3218:. 1969-03-01
3215:
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3193:. 2014-05-06
3190:
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3048:
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2971:. Retrieved
2967:
2958:
2938:Unimog 70200
2928:Tractor unit
2745:
2613:
2577:
2552:Unimog 70200
2463:pipe-tractor
2385:
2350:and several
2329:
2325:
2320:
2317:Nomenclature
2299:metalworking
2287:from scratch
2280:
2263:
2261:
2242:
2238:
2229:ladder frame
2213:
2172:
2099:
2086:push tillers
2082:snow blowers
2076:, and other
2049:
2034:
1978:
1954:
1948:
1934:
1923:
1916:
1908:
1905:
1898:
1884:To compete,
1883:
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1832:
1801:
1787:
1785:
1777:
1750:
1743:JD 71 Flexi
1711:
1679:snow blowers
1671:
1667:lawn tractor
1631:colloquially
1624:
1609:
1600:
1586:
1582:
1578:
1576:
1539:
1531:
1523:
1512:
1496:dozer blades
1493:
1477:Soviet Union
1415:
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1357:
1329:agricultural
1318:
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308:
277:
245:road tractor
190:
176:
171:, being the
164:
162:
132:WHDX 70-170
91:construction
62:
60:
40:
32:Tractor unit
18:Farm tractor
3956:Hobby Farms
3835:"BIODIESEL"
3765:Hobby Farms
3290:Xulon Press
3049:(etymology)
2882:Big Bud 747
2854:in Slovenia
2852:chisel plow
2710:New Holland
2675:Lamborghini
2630:Caterpillar
2511:road roller
2456:launch pads
2346:with large
2307:New England
2268:Volvo Duett
2253:Lamborghini
2179:aftermarket
2009:Wheel Horse
1940:New Holland
1843:cultivating
1535:pallet fork
1473:Chelyabinsk
1463:Engineering
1453:cultivating
1421:agriculture
1388:auger wagon
1306:chisel plow
1093:(PTO) shaft
878:) employ a
876:Netherlands
776:lawn mowing
726:for power.
694:tractor in
605:at the rear
410:Selwyn Edge
321:modified a
304:John Fowler
229:Netherlands
145:semi-trucks
83:agriculture
4777:Categories
4645:10 January
4566:2018-06-11
4542:2018-06-11
4518:2018-06-11
4494:2018-06-11
4470:2018-06-11
4419:2010-07-29
4303:14 October
4276:14 October
4251:14 October
4227:2018-05-03
4202:21 January
4095:2020-02-24
4030:2164/12160
3986:2022-07-23
3961:2022-07-23
3936:2022-07-23
3909:2022-07-23
3820:2022-02-21
3795:2022-07-23
3770:2022-07-23
3745:2022-08-10
3720:2022-07-24
3695:2022-07-23
3668:2022-07-23
3569:2009-07-10
3510:2010-11-29
3489:2013-08-30
3464:2013-08-30
3390:2010-07-19
3351:2012-05-15
3222:2022-05-19
3197:2022-05-19
3172:2022-05-19
3055:2017-08-20
2950:References
2812:John Deere
2794:11054 and
2670:John Deere
2645:Deutz-Fahr
2640:Challenger
2608:See also:
2483:locomotive
2396:tractors (
2394:Locomotive
2311:Midwestern
2283:fabricated
2257:Land Rover
2070:Bangladesh
1999:-drive to
1950:John Deere
1886:John Deere
1875:cultivator
1773:rototiller
1629:" is used
1479:circa 1930
1445:automation
1441:space race
1352:irrigating
1302:John Deere
1225:A classic
1110:electrical
1042:Recently,
840:John Deere
772:horsepower
574:John Deere
484:Henry Ford
406:Dan Albone
369:Dan Albone
344:developed
173:agent noun
4147:1054-139X
3167:ThoughtCo
3045:"Tractor"
2700:McCormick
2591:snake oil
2524:Aircraft
2430:artillery
2367:artic cab
2295:bar stock
2264:A tractor
2204:Doodlebug
2167:Volvo 760
2040:Two-wheel
2025:Ingersoll
2023:and Case
2013:Cub Cadet
2001:transaxle
1926:Versatile
1901:Hart-Parr
1860:"Regular"
1808:harrowing
1769:subsoiler
1753:box blade
1694:subsoiler
1643:trademark
1566:A common
1515:bulldozer
1439:from the
1437:spin-offs
1429:computers
1412:Precision
1395:blowtorch
1300:A modern
1247:overturns
1116:Operation
880:road sign
836:Solectrac
816:biodiesel
810:Biodiesel
793:(LPG) or
672:"crawler"
603:(usually
568:Solectrac
553:Elec-Trak
547:In 1969,
523:hydraulic
466:, in 1925
458:An early
213:Argentina
201:Australia
163:The word
159:Etymology
99:mechanize
4783:Tractors
4697:Archived
4165:29478719
4039:29648955
3740:Electrek
3715:Grainews
2991:(2000).
2860:See also
2583:Nebraska
2421:vehicles
2406:machines
2344:vehicles
2111:fairings
2107:cowlings
2102:orchards
2062:Thailand
1957:roll bar
1932:engine.
1919:rollover
1894:Model GP
1824:Row crop
1818:Row-crop
1798:Standard
1771:and the
1368:tomatoes
1333:trailers
1323:used on
1321:vehicles
1149:throttle
1079:flywheel
1044:Bobcat's
948:Drawbars
922:or with
744:kerosene
740:gasoline
660:steering
642:in 1946.
537:Electric
505:of Milan
430:Coventry
300:flywheel
239:and the
217:Slovenia
181:traction
53:Ferguson
4703:at the
4537:Case IH
4367:YouTube
4156:8189182
4047:4783478
3032:tractor
2973:7 March
2762:Gallery
2680:Landini
2625:Case IH
2620:Belarus
2485:at work
2418:railway
2398:engines
2378:drawbar
2348:engines
2303:farming
2291:chassis
2214:During
2131:Model T
2096:Orchard
1981:gardens
1936:Case IH
1890:Model C
1870:Farmall
1858:Farmall
1804:plowing
1745:Planter
1616:repairs
1604:asphalt
1591:backhoe
1583:backhoe
1581:is the
1579:tractor
1552:Backhoe
1500:buckets
1475:in the
1360:cereals
1337:plowing
1263:farmers
1235:hazards
1205:shaft.
1064:swather
1032:Farmall
957:drawbar
795:propane
656:vehicle
488:Fordson
476:Bedford
460:Fordson
342:Garrett
258:History
233:Germany
225:Croatia
197:Ireland
191:In the
177:trahere
165:tractor
103:tillage
79:trailer
63:tractor
4678:Curlie
4617:
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4443:
4391:
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2735:Valtra
2685:Kubota
2274:. The
2245:War II
2220:Sweden
2088:, and
1963:Garden
1757:grader
1755:, the
1726:Kubota
1706:Kubota
1659:Oliver
1546:Bobcat
1526:loader
1335:, for
1270:slopes
1209:Safety
1141:clutch
1124:Pedals
961:clevis
863:ratios
844:Kubota
759:Diesel
580:Kubota
338:Mann's
237:Canada
231:, and
227:, the
221:Serbia
87:mining
75:torque
65:is an
4725:, or
4043:S2CID
4005:(PDF)
2943:DT-20
2796:Fendt
2792:Ursus
2740:Zetor
2730:Ursus
2720:Steyr
2660:Iseki
2655:ITMCO
2650:Fendt
2635:Claas
2400:) or
2352:axles
2272:Volvo
2074:India
2066:China
1985:grass
1868:(IH)
1761:auger
1633:as a
1517:is a
1449:drone
1364:maize
1325:farms
1267:steep
1255:frame
1145:brake
1075:belts
1068:mower
1066:, or
1060:baler
953:Plows
832:Fendt
746:(the
640:Zetor
636:Czech
632:Zetor
613:track
564:Fendt
434:Aster
252:truck
209:Spain
205:India
169:Latin
130:Hayes
128:This
120:-243K
4647:2018
4615:ISBN
4588:ISBN
4441:ISBN
4389:ISBN
4305:2022
4278:2022
4253:2022
4204:2015
4161:PMID
4143:ISSN
4035:PMID
3981:CNET
3790:CNET
3617:ISBN
3532:ISBN
3442:ISBN
3418:ISBN
3321:ISBN
3295:ISBN
3269:ISBN
3243:ISBN
3125:ISBN
3100:ISBN
3075:ISBN
3005:ISBN
3001:1829
2975:2020
2725:TAFE
2715:SAME
2450:and
2442:use
2438:and
2436:NASA
2309:and
2301:and
2276:SFRO
2109:and
1997:belt
1938:and
1826:and
1806:and
1767:, a
1568:Case
1504:hoes
1488:Ebro
1350:for
1348:pump
1292:Farm
1241:The
1192:CVTs
1108:and
860:gear
802:Wood
692:farm
443:and
360:Fuel
340:and
95:farm
73:(or
47:The
4676:at
4271:ISO
4151:PMC
4135:doi
4025:hdl
4017:doi
3868:CNN
2798:820
2665:JCB
2416:of
2224:EPA
2177:or
2175:OEM
1942:of
1837:or
1708:CUT
1683:rpm
1627:JCB
1596:hoe
1425:GPS
1154:PTO
884:JCB
670:or
474:of
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134:6×6
118:XTZ
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