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he found no such relationship. This experiment followed similar work conducted with light and magnets three years earlier that yielded identical results. During the next seven years, Faraday spent much of his time perfecting his recipe for optical quality (heavy) glass, borosilicate of lead, which he used in his future studies connecting light with magnetism. In his spare time, Faraday continued publishing his experimental work on optics and electromagnetism; he conducted correspondence with scientists whom he had met on his journeys across Europe with Davy, and who were also working on electromagnetism. Two years after the death of Davy, in 1831, he began his great series of experiments in which he discovered
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several letters to his close friend
Benjamin Abbott, Faraday outlined his recommendations on the art of lecturing, writing "a flame should be lighted at the commencement and kept alive with unremitting splendour to the end". His lectures were joyful and juvenile, he delighted in filling soap bubbles with various gasses (in order to determine whether or not they are magnetic), but the lectures were also deeply philosophical. In his lectures he urged his audiences to consider the mechanics of his experiments: "you know very well that ice floats upon water ... Why does the ice float? Think of that, and philosophise". The subjects in his lectures consisted of Chemistry and Electricity, and included: 1841:
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697:, he decided to employ Faraday as an assistant. Coincidentally one of the Royal Institution's assistants, John Payne, was sacked and Sir Humphry Davy had been asked to find a replacement; thus he appointed Faraday as Chemical Assistant at the Royal Institution on 1 March 1813. Very soon, Davy entrusted Faraday with the preparation of nitrogen trichloride samples, and they both were injured in an explosion of this very sensitive substance.
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1164:. The iron ring-coil apparatus is still on display at the Royal Institution. In subsequent experiments, he found that if he moved a magnet through a loop of wire an electric current flowed in that wire. The current also flowed if the loop was moved over a stationary magnet. His demonstrations established that a changing magnetic field produces an electric field; this relation was modelled mathematically by
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859:(1853–1856), Faraday refused to participate, citing ethical reasons. He also refused offers to publish his lectures, believing that they would lose impact if not accompanied by the live experiments. His reply to an offer from a publisher in a letter ends with: "I have always loved science more than money & because my occupation is almost entirely personal I cannot afford to get rich."
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642:, and he enthusiastically implemented the principles and suggestions contained therein. During this period, Faraday held discussions with his peers in the City Philosophical Society, where he attended lectures about various scientific topics. He also developed an interest in science, especially in electricity. Faraday was particularly inspired by the book
958:(which he called bicarburet of hydrogen) and liquefying gases such as chlorine. The liquefying of gases helped to establish that gases are the vapours of liquids possessing a very low boiling point and gave a more solid basis to the concept of molecular aggregation. In 1820 Faraday reported the first synthesis of compounds made from carbon and chlorine,
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overrated. The light was perfectly steady throughout the performance, and the effect was pictorially superior to gas, the colours of the dresses – an important element in the "æsthetic" opera – appearing as true and distinct as by daylight. The Swan incandescent lamps were used, the aid of gaslight being entirely dispensed with".
1219:, etc. He concluded that, contrary to the scientific opinion of the time, the divisions between the various "kinds" of electricity were illusory. Faraday instead proposed that only a single "electricity" exists, and the changing values of quantity and intensity (current and voltage) would produce different groups of phenomena.
1321:. In January 1836, Faraday had put a wooden frame, 12 ft square, on four glass supports and added paper walls and wire mesh. He then stepped inside and electrified it. When he stepped out of his electrified cage, Faraday had shown that electricity was a force, not an imponderable fluid as was believed at the time.
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demonstrated that the charge resided only on the exterior of a charged conductor, and exterior charge had no influence on anything enclosed within a conductor. This is because the exterior charges redistribute such that the interior fields emanating from them cancel one another. This shielding effect
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From his initial discovery in 1821, Faraday continued his laboratory work, exploring electromagnetic properties of materials and developing requisite experience. In 1824, Faraday briefly set up a circuit to study whether a magnetic field could regulate the flow of a current in an adjacent wire, but
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yesterday afternoon, when the stage was for the first time lit up by the electric light, which has been used in the auditorium ever since the opening of the Savoy
Theatre. The success of the new mode of illumination was complete, and its importance for the development of scenic art can scarcely be
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on the cleaning and protection of its art collection, and served on the
National Gallery Site Commission in 1857. Education was another of Faraday's areas of service; he lectured on the topic in 1854 at the Royal Institution, and, in 1862, he appeared before a Public Schools Commission to give his
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contributed to the severity of the explosion. The first-time explosions had been linked to dust, Faraday gave a demonstration during a lecture on how ventilation could prevent it. The report should have warned coal owners of the hazard of coal dust explosions, but the risk was ignored for over 60
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Near the end of his career, Faraday proposed that electromagnetic forces extended into the empty space around the conductor. This idea was rejected by his fellow scientists, and
Faraday did not live to see the eventual acceptance of his proposition by the scientific community. It would be another
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wherein was placed a magnet; the wire would then rotate around the magnet if supplied with current from a chemical battery. These experiments and inventions formed the foundation of modern electromagnetic technology. In his excitement, Faraday published results without acknowledging his work with
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for young people, a series which continues today. The objective of the lectures was to present science to the general public in the hopes of inspiring them and generating revenue for the Royal
Institution. They were notable events on the social calendar among London's gentry. Over the course of
1926:, an independent energy storage research institute established in 2017, also derives its name from Michael Faraday. The organisation serves as the UK's primary research programme to advance battery science and technology, education, public engagement and market research.
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Later on in his life, in 1862, Faraday used a spectroscope to search for a different alteration of light, the change of spectral lines by an applied magnetic field. The equipment available to him was, however, insufficient for a definite determination of spectral change.
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later used an improved apparatus to study the same phenomenon, publishing his results in 1897 and receiving the 1902 Nobel Prize in
Physics for his success. In both his 1897 paper and his Nobel acceptance speech, Zeeman made reference to Faraday's work.
729:; this North London location was where Faraday served the final two years of his second term as elder prior to his resignation from that post. Biographers have noted that "a strong sense of the unity of God and nature pervaded Faraday's life and work."
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stated, "When we consider the magnitude and extent of his discoveries and their influence on the progress of science and of industry, there is no honour too great to pay to the memory of
Faraday, one of the greatest scientific discoverers of all time."
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1958:: "He is always the natural philosopher. To discover truth is his sole aim and interest ... even if I could be Shakespeare, I think I should still choose to be Faraday." Calling Faraday her "hero", in a speech to the Royal Society,
2164:, were collections of scientific papers or transcriptions of lectures. Since his death, Faraday's diary has been published, as have several large volumes of his letters and Faraday's journal from his travels with Davy in 1813–1815.
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Faraday's breakthrough came when he wrapped two insulated coils of wire around an iron ring, and found that, upon passing a current through one coil, a momentary current was induced in the other coil. This phenomenon is now known as
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Faraday made some attempt to explain what was causing the vivid coloration in his gold mixtures, saying that known phenomena seemed to indicate that a mere variation in the size of gold particles gave rise to a variety of resultant
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Faraday's initial induction lab work occurred in late
November 1825. His work was heavily influenced by the ongoing research of fellow European scientists Ampere, Arago, and Oersted as indicated by his diary entries.
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693:. Faraday subsequently sent Davy a 300-page book based on notes that he had taken during these lectures. Davy's reply was immediate, kind, and favourable. In 1813, when Davy damaged his eyesight in an accident with
623:, where he had been an apprentice to the village blacksmith. Michael was born in the autumn of that year, the third of four children. The young Michael Faraday, having only the most basic school education, had to
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strained his mentor relationship with Davy and may well have contributed to
Faraday's assignment to other activities, which consequently prevented his involvement in electromagnetic research for several years.
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Royal
Institution of Great Britain; Whewell, William; Faraday, Michael; Latham, Robert Gordon; Daubeny, Charles; Tyndall, John; Paget, James; Hodgson, William Ballantyne; Lankester, E. Ray (Edwin Ray) (1917).
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church, and he confessed his faith to the Sandemanian congregation the month after they were married. They had no children. Faraday was a devout Christian; his Sandemanian denomination was an offshoot of the
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The implication is that James discovered job opportunities elsewhere through membership of this sect. James joined the London meeting house on 20 February 1791, and moved his family shortly thereafter. See
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on religious grounds, believing that it was against the word of the Bible to accumulate riches and pursue worldly reward, and stating that he preferred to remain "plain Mr Faraday to the end". Elected a
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derives its name from the scientist, who saw his faith as integral to his scientific research. The logo of the institute is also based on Faraday's discoveries. It was created in 2006 by a $ 2,000,000
954:, which is still in practical use in science laboratories around the world as a convenient source of heat. Faraday worked extensively in the field of chemistry, discovering chemical substances such as
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declared: "The value of his work must be higher than the capitalisation of all the shares on the Stock Exchange!" She borrowed his bust from the Royal Institution and had it placed in the hall of
1378:, Faraday undertook numerous, and often time-consuming, service projects for private enterprise and the British government. This work included investigations of explosions in coal mines, being an
555:, Maxwell wrote that they show Faraday "to have been in reality a mathematician of a very high order – one from whom the mathematicians of the future may derive valuable and fertile methods." The
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1243:, "Faraday invented the generator in 1831 but it took nearly 50 years before all the technology, including Joseph Swan's incandescent filament light bulbs used here, came into common use".
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2860:"The myth of Michael Faraday: Michael Faraday was not just one of Britain's greatest experimenters. A closer look at the man and his work reveals that he was also a clever theoretician"
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in Middlesex, free of all expenses and upkeep. This was the Master Mason's House, later called Faraday House, and now No. 37 Hampton Court Road. In 1858 Faraday retired to live there.
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took the work of Faraday and others and summarised it in a set of equations which is accepted as the basis of all modern theories of electromagnetic phenomena. On Faraday's uses of
2811:, records 12 June as the date their licence was issued. The witness was Sarah's father, Edward. Their marriage was 16 years prior to the Marriage and Registration Act of 1837. See
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1850:, unveiled in 1876, commemorates Faraday at 48 Blandford Street in London's Marylebone district. From 1991 until 2001, Faraday's picture featured on the reverse of Series E £20
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Before his famous Christmas lectures, Faraday delivered chemistry lectures for the City Philosophical Society from 1816 to 1818 in order to refine the quality of his lectures.
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Having provided a number of various service projects for the British government, when asked by the government to advise on the production of chemical weapons for use in the
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of linearly polarised light can be rotated by the application of an external magnetic field aligned with the direction in which the light is moving. This is now termed the
1074:. Faraday, having discussed the problem with the two men, went on to build two devices to produce what he called "electromagnetic rotation". One of these, now known as the
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to carry out academic research, to foster understanding of the interaction between science and religion, and to engage public understanding in both these subject areas.
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and that there was an underlying relationship between the two phenomena. He similarly discovered the principles of electromagnetic induction, diamagnetism, and the
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As a respected scientist in a nation with strong maritime interests, Faraday spent extensive amounts of time on projects such as the construction and operation of
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from the decomposition of the former. He also conducted the first rough experiments on the diffusion of gases, a phenomenon that was first pointed out by
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1858:. He was portrayed conducting a lecture at the Royal Institution with the magneto-electric spark apparatus. In 2002, Faraday was ranked number 22 in the
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formed the foundation of electric motor technology, and it was largely due to his efforts that electricity became practical for use in technology.
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above the Chain and Buoy Store, next to London's only lighthouse where he carried out the first experiments in electric lighting for lighthouses.
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In honor and remembrance of his great scientific contributions, several institutions have created prizes and awards in his name. This include:
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coins, stacked together with seven discs of sheet zinc, and six pieces of paper moistened with salt water. With this pile he passed the
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Faraday was an experimentalist who conveyed his ideas in clear and simple language. His mathematical abilities did not extend as far as
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sect of Christianity. James Faraday moved his wife, Margaret (née Hastwell), and two children to London during the winter of 1790 from
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The first public building in the world to be lit entirely by electricity, The Savoy has a history rich in both invention and scandal.
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was named after Faraday in 1960. Near the entrance to its dining hall is a bronze casting, which depicts the symbol of an electrical
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where his workshop still stands above the Chain and Buoy Store, next to London's only lighthouse. Faraday Gardens is a small park in
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in 1824. In 1825, he became Director of the Laboratory of the Royal Institution. Six years later, in 1833, Faraday became the first
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Todd Timmons (2012). "Makers of Western Science: The Works and Words of 24 Visionaries from Copernicus to Watson and Crick". p. 127.
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Electromagnetic rotation experiment of Faraday, 1821, the first demonstration of the conversion of electrical energy into motion
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in 1844. In 1849 he was elected as associated member to the Royal Institute of the Netherlands, which two years later became the
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634:, a local bookbinder and bookseller in Blandford Street. During his seven-year apprenticeship Faraday read many books, including
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Faraday, Michael (1821). "On two new Compounds of Chlorine and Carbon, and on a new Compound of Iodine, Carbon, and Hydrogen".
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Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series A, Containing Papers of a Mathematical or Physical Character
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in 1839 but eventually returned to his investigations into electromagnetism. In 1848, as a result of representations by the
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In 1832, he completed a series of experiments aimed at investigating the fundamental nature of electricity; Faraday used "
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Faraday is best known for his work on electricity and magnetism. His first recorded experiment was the construction of a
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In 1812, at the age of 20 and at the end of his apprenticeship, Faraday attended lectures by the eminent English chemist
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differed from those of the corresponding bulk metal. This was probably the first reported observation of the effects of
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In 1845, Faraday discovered that many materials exhibit a weak repulsion from a magnetic field: an effect he termed
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The letters of Faraday and Schoenbein 1836–1862. With notes, comments and references to contemporary letters (1899)
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685:, founder of the City Philosophical Society. Many of the tickets for these lectures were given to Faraday by
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The letters of Faraday and Schoenbein 1836–1862. With notes, comments and references to contemporary letters
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1351:. He was appointed Assistant Superintendent of the House of the Royal Institution in 1821. He was elected a
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Faraday's life and contributions to electromagnetics was the principal topic of the tenth episode, titled "
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views on education in Great Britain. Faraday also weighed in negatively on the public's fascination with
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and succeeded in decomposing the chemical compound (recorded in first letter to Abbott, 12 July 1812).
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Searchable full texts of all letters to and from Faraday, based on the standard edition by Frank James
4350:"3 October 1933 – Albert Einstein presents his final speech given in Europe, at the Royal Albert Hall"
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437:; 22 September 1791 – 25 August 1867) was an English scientist who contributed to the study of
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Faraday married Sarah Barnard (1800–1879) on 12 June 1821. They met through their families at the
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Beyond his scientific research into areas such as chemistry, electricity, and magnetism at the
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What's Who?: A Dictionary of Things Named After People and the People They are Named After
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Weapons of Mass Destruction: An Encyclopedia of Worldwide Policy, Technology, and History
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Course of six lectures on the various forces of matter, and their relations to each other
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Faraday holding a type of glass bar he used in 1845 to show magnetism affects light in
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on 25 August 1867, aged 75. He had some years before turned down an offer of burial in
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Michael Faraday's 'Chemical notes, hints, suggestions, and objects of pursuit' of 1822
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4560:"Faraday Institute for Science and Religion: Interdisciplinary Research and Projects"
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1982:
1951:
1913:
1898:
1882:
1727:
1723:
1635:
1504:
1393:
1356:
1334:
1300:
1284:
1228:
1180:. Faraday would later use the principles he had discovered to construct the electric
1084:
1008:
951:
863:
837:
817:
771:
742:
686:
678:
631:
509:
458:
324:
236:
206:
110:
4783:
2591:
For a concise account of Faraday's life including his childhood, see pp. 175–183 of
1091:
6414:
6398:
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6147:
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5989:
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5709:
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5633:
5629:
5367:
5327:
5236:
5071:
4789:
4081:
Science and education; lectures delivered at the Royal institution of Great Britain
3482:
3145:'The Abbey Scientists' Hall, A.R. p. 59: London; Roger & Robert Nicholson; 1966
2398:
2359:
1719:
1462:
1329:
1318:
1291:
1264:
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1136:
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912:
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670:
574:
544:
454:
450:
318:
201:
151:
4284:
3513:
Higgs Force: The Symmetry-breaking Force that Makes the World an Interesting Place
2578:
4258:
2146:
2122:
1889:(radar)). In 1999, under the title "Faraday's Electricity", he featured in their
1515:, and in so doing chastised both the public and the nation's educational system.
717:
in the meeting house of his youth. His church was located at Paul's Alley in the
6542:
6470:
6322:
6255:
6246:
6025:
5995:
5975:
5774:
5623:
5558:
5342:
3364:
2841:
1902:
1847:
1805:
1757:
1682:
1619:
1607:
1236:
1020:
936:
879:
856:
701:
647:
635:
620:
560:
312:
161:
5193:
4952:
Faraday rediscovered: essays on the life and work of Michael Faraday, 1791–1867
4711:
4512:
4164:
Lan, B.L. (2001). "Michael Faraday: Prince of lecturers in Victorian England".
4117:
6251:
6231:
5969:
5928:
5798:
5729:
5257:
4671:
4304:
2570:
1870:
1761:
1702:
1452:
1429:
1256:
1095:
One of Faraday's 1831 experiments demonstrating induction. The liquid battery
246:
241:
2692:
Michael Faraday's Mental Exercises: An Artisan Essay-Circle in Regency London
2441:. Vol. 10 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 173–175.
2305:
Michael Faraday's Mental Exercises: An Artisan Essay Circle in Regency London
1748:
Streets named for Faraday can be found in many British cities (e.g., London,
6654:
6514:
5669:
5583:
4810:
Michael Faraday and The Royal Institution: The Genius of Man and Place (PBK)
3728:
3442:"Faraday's Electrochemical Laws and the Determination of Equivalent Weights"
2649:
1813:
1789:
1785:
1631:
1508:
1457:
1433:
1409:
1397:
993:
875:
722:
525:
490:
478:
355:
114:
3868:"The Effect of Magnetisation on the Nature of Light Emitted by a Substance"
3306:
3187:
3170:
4954:. Basingstoke, Hants, England; New York: Macmillan Press; Stockton Press.
3732:, 3 October 1881. "An interesting experiment was made at a performance of
5768:
5215:
3083:
2724:"Michael Faraday, The City Philosophical Society and The Society of Arts"
2533:"How British scientists inspired and ensured Einstein's place in history"
1663:
1651:
928:
916:
616:
5165:
4785:
A Life of Discovery: Michael Faraday, Giant of the Scientific Revolution
4658:
A Night in Pietramala. In: Along the Road: Notes and Essays of a Tourist
2740:
1176:, and which have in turn evolved into the generalization known today as
939:. The physical importance of this phenomenon was more fully revealed by
611:). His family was not well off. His father, James, was a member of the
5868:
5703:
5603:
5593:
5073:
Michael Faraday: Physics and Faith (Oxford Portraits in Science Series)
4281:
Rivers of Britain: Estuaries, tideways, havens, lochs, firths and kyles
3131:
2782:
2761:
2723:
2430:
1781:
1773:
1753:
1448:
1016:
1012:
989:
955:
612:
521:
501:
351:
256:
251:
17:
5100:
Michael Faraday and the Royal Institution: The Genius of Man and Place
4240:
4185:
4143:. London: The Institution of Electrical Engineers. pp. xxx–xxii.
3468:
3260:
1278:. In Sept 1845 he wrote in his notebook, "I have at last succeeded in
1007:
Faraday was the first to report what later came to be called metallic
5562:
5552:
3894:
3867:
2673:
2488:"The Faraday cage: from Victorian experiment to Snowden-era paranoia"
1793:
1769:
1765:
1512:
1181:
920:
710:
604:
91:
4925:
The British Electrical and Allied Manufacturers Association (1931).
3700:
Lives and Times of Great Pioneers in Chemistry (lavoisier to Sanger)
2946:. American Academy of Arts and Sciences. p. 159. Archived from
2356: – Investigation of failures associated with legal intervention
2276:
Curiosity Perfectly Satisfyed: Faraday's Travels in Europe 1813–1815
5211:
2347: – Physical constant: Electric charge of one mole of electrons
1490:
Faraday assisted with the planning and judging of exhibits for the
1223:
half a century before electricity was used in technology, with the
573:
kept a picture of Faraday on his study wall, alongside pictures of
6029:
5778:
5653:
5643:
5613:
5337:
5272:
2171:
Chemical Manipulation, Being Instructions to Students in Chemistry
2090:
1830:
1601:
1520:
1477:
1419:
1328:
1250:
1186:
1184:, the ancestor of modern power generators and the electric motor.
1130:
1122:
1090:
1049:
985:
898:
842:
811:
736:
657:
564:
517:
4219:
Seeger, R.J. (1968). "Michael Faraday and the Art of Lecturing".
3846:
The Philosopher's Tree: A Selection of Michael Faraday's Writings
1371:, who created the position at the Royal Institution for Faraday.
6069:
5898:
5733:
5723:
2267:
1749:
6326:
6102:
5509:
5276:
2559:
James, Frank A. J. L. (2011) . "Faraday, Michael (1791–1867)".
1083:
either Wollaston or Davy. The resulting controversy within the
5673:
3810:
3419:. London: Richard Taylor and William Francis. pp. 81–84.
1869:
Faraday has been commemorated on postage stamps issued by the
1859:
1586:
The Various Forces of Matter and their Relations to Each Other
997:
789:
In 1832, Faraday was elected a Foreign Honorary Member of the
529:
411:
6850:
Members of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences
4366:. Harrison, NY: Harbor Hill Books. p. 99. ISBN 0-941980-15-4.
1697:, and the instructional and experimental physics building at
6820:
Honorary members of the Saint Petersburg Academy of Sciences
2221:
A Course of Six Lectures on the Chemical History of a Candle
1873:. In 1991, as a pioneer of electricity he featured in their
1011:. In 1847 he discovered that the optical properties of gold
4017:
Faraday, Michael (9 July 1855). "The State of the Thames",
3044:
Chemical Achievers: The Human Face of the Chemical Sciences
429:
420:
414:
5166:
Faraday as a Discoverer by John Tyndall, Project Gutenberg
4032:
The Correspondence of Michael Faraday: 1849–1855, Volume 4
2915:"Faraday appointed first Fullerian Professor of Chemistry"
1447:, or engineering. He investigated industrial pollution at
903:
Equipment used by Faraday to make glass on display at the
457:. Although Faraday received little formal education, as a
4603:
1396:, he produced a lengthy and detailed report on a serious
950:
Faraday invented an early form of what was to become the
870:
upon his death, but he has a memorial plaque there, near
445:. His main discoveries include the principles underlying
4694:"Michael Faraday Prize and Lecture | Royal Society"
4122:. Cornell University Library. London, Cassell. pp.
2917:. The Royal Institution. 16 October 2017. Archived from
2274:
Faraday, Michael (1991). B. Bowers and L. Symons (ed.).
1999:
The Royal Society of Chemistry Faraday Lectureship Prize
1404:, which killed 95 miners. Their report was a meticulous
1211:" to produce the phenomena of electrostatic attraction,
911:
Faraday's earliest chemical work was as an assistant to
3748:"The Savoy is one of the best places to stay in London"
3651:
The Uses of Experiment: Studies in the Natural Sciences
3649:
Gooding, David; Pinch, Trevor; Schaffer, Simon (1989).
2349:
Pages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets
2188:
Experimental Researches in Electricity, vols. i. and ii
6815:
Foreign associates of the National Academy of Sciences
1482:
Faraday's apparatus for experimental demonstration of
6130:
Scientists whose names are used in physical constants
6090:
People whose names are used in chemical element names
6086:
Scientists whose names are used in physical constants
4084:. Library of Congress. W. Heinemann. pp. 39–74 .
3976:"Causes of accidental explosions in the 19th century"
3158:. Cambridge University Press. 2004. pp. 118–119.
2508:
The Scientific Papers of James Clerk Maxwell, Vol. II
1058:
In 1821, soon after the Danish physicist and chemist
801:. He was one of eight foreign members elected to the
761:
in recognition for his services to science, which he
408:
6805:
Fellows of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences
5467:
Institute of Physics Michael Faraday Medal and Prize
2193:; vol. iii. Richard Taylor and William Francis, 1855
1933:", of the 2014 American science documentary series,
1658:. Michael Faraday Primary school is situated on the
1443:
Faraday was also active in what would now be called
532:". Faraday ultimately became the first and foremost
426:
417:
6309:
List of scientists whose names are used as SI units
6136:
5958:
5908:
5753:
5572:
5541:
5424:
5401:
5310:
5161:
Biography at The Royal Institution of Great Britain
3506:
3504:
405:
375:
361:
347:
291:
268:
122:
99:
73:
41:
5136:
4870:
2846:Topographical Dictionary of the British Metropolis
1465:, which resulted in an often-reprinted cartoon in
919:; he discovered two new compounds of chlorine and
745:offering the presidency to Faraday (right) in 1857
5254:at the New Model School Company Limited's website
2775:Lienhard, John H. (1992). "Jane Marcet's Books".
2505:Maxwell, James Clerk (2003). Niven, W. D. (ed.).
2378: – Spectral line splitting in magnetic field
1877:issue along with pioneers in three other fields (
1743:, London having fled Nazi Germany, 3 October 1933
1099:sends an electric current through the small coil
1019:size, and might be considered to be the birth of
599:Michael Faraday was born on 22 September 1791 in
6855:Members of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences
6082:List of scientists whose names are used as units
5002:. London: P. Peregrinus in association with the
3417:Experimental Researches in Chemistry and Physics
3330:Experimental Researches in Chemistry and Physics
3024:. Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences
2836:Paul's Alley was located 10 houses south of the
2200:Experimental Researches in Chemistry and Physics
2053:Michael Faraday's study at the Royal Institution
1812:, Ontario; Ottawa, Ontario), the United States (
1103:. When it is moved in or out of the large coil
2283:Faraday, Michael (1991). F.A.J.L. James (ed.).
2250:Faraday, Michael (1932–1936). T. Martin (ed.).
2065:Michael Faraday's flat at the Royal Institution
1708:
1574:The Distinctive Properties of the Common Metals
1127:A diagram of Faraday's iron ring-coil apparatus
6865:Recipients of the Pour le Mérite (civil class)
4598:
4596:
3928:
3926:
3064:Twickenham Museum on Faraday and Faraday House
2465:"Archives Michael Faraday biography – The IET"
2303:Faraday, Michael (2008). Alice Jenkins (ed.).
1710:Without such freedom there would have been no
1642:gyratory system, near Faraday's birthplace at
1525:Faraday (standing behind a desk) delivering a
807:Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences
757:degree. During his lifetime, he was offered a
30:"Faraday" redirects here. For other uses, see
6338:
6114:
5521:
5462:Royal Society of London Michael Faraday Prize
5288:
5252:Faraday School, located on Trinity Buoy Wharf
4918:. Philadelphia: J.B. Lippincott and Company.
4140:The correspondence of Michael Faraday. Vol. 4
4137:James, Frank A.J.L; Faraday, Michael (1991).
3970:
3968:
3966:
3156:Remarkable Physicists: From Galileo to Yukawa
2807:The register at St. Faith-in-the-Virgin near
2754:Lienhard, John H. (1992). "Michael Faraday".
2362: – Serbian-American inventor (1856–1943)
2081:who documented Faraday's life in watercolours
1989:Royal Society of London Michael Faraday Prize
1541:in London, Faraday gave a series of nineteen
809:and he was subsequently made foreign member.
630:At the age of 14, he became an apprentice to
8:
3171:"A research on Faraday's 'steel and alloys'"
2598:, Vol III published at Cambridge in 1873 by
2565:(online ed.). Oxford University Press.
1461:on the subject of the foul condition of the
1382:in court, and along with two engineers from
1172:, which subsequently became one of the four
473:that Faraday established the concept of the
5177:The Life and Discoveries of Michael Faraday
3694:
3692:
3690:
3688:
2266:– published in eight volumes; see also the
2239:Faraday, Michael (1873). W. Crookes (ed.).
2218:Faraday, Michael (1861). W. Crookes (ed.).
984:, and for popularising terminology such as
508:of chlorine, invented an early form of the
6345:
6331:
6323:
6121:
6107:
6099:
5528:
5514:
5506:
5295:
5281:
5273:
5227:Complete Correspondence of Michael Faraday
5172:The Christian Character of Michael Faraday
4898:The Discovery of Induced Electric Currents
4765:Michael Faraday, Sandemanian and Scientist
4513:"'Scientific achievements' postage stamps"
3825:Michael Faraday: A Very Short Introduction
3702:. World Scientific. 2015. pp. 85, 86.
2299:– vol. 2, 1993; vol. 3, 1996; vol. 4, 1999
1954:wrote about Faraday in an essay entitled,
1910:Faraday Institute for Science and Religion
1598:List of things named after Michael Faraday
1455:. In July 1855, Faraday wrote a letter to
1451:and was consulted on air pollution at the
1270:Faraday also discovered that the plane of
1147:created a magnetic field through the disc
721:. This meeting house relocated in 1862 to
547:and were limited to the simplest algebra.
477:in physics. Faraday also established that
56:
38:
6845:Members of the French Academy of Sciences
5181:Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge
5004:Institution of Engineering and Technology
3893:
3716:. The Royal Institution. 15 October 2017.
3186:
3108:"Faraday to William Smith 3 January 1859"
2421:
2419:
1792:) as well as in France (Paris), Germany (
1739:'s speech on intellectual freedom at the
1624:Institution of Engineering and Technology
1432:and protecting the bottoms of ships from
793:. He was elected a foreign member of the
5536:Scientists whose names are used as units
5259:"Profiles in Chemistry: Michael Faraday"
3440:Ehl, Rosemary Gene; Ihde, Aaron (1954).
2783:No 744: Jane Marcet's Books (transcript)
2307:. Liverpool: Liverpool University Press.
1347:Faraday had a long association with the
820:where Faraday lived between 1858 to 1867
797:in 1838. In 1840, he was elected to the
709:. Well after his marriage, he served as
5895:John William Strutt, 3rd Baron Rayleigh
4896:Ames, Joseph Sweetman (Ed.) (c. 1900).
4716:Gold Medals | Institute of Physics
4630:"A Successor to Sagan Reboots 'Cosmos'"
4515:. Museum of Applied Sciences collection
4257:. The Royal Institution. Archived from
3959:. Troubador Publishing Ltd. p. 74.
2941:"Book of Members, 1780–2010: Chapter F"
2562:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
2482:
2480:
2478:
2459:
2457:
2455:
2453:
2388:
2332:University and State Library Düsseldorf
2160:Faraday's books, with the exception of
2007:
1646:, London. Faraday School is located on
915:. Faraday was involved in the study of
516:, and popularised terminology such as "
136:
3528:Experimental Researches in Electricity
3076:Croddy, Eric; Wirtz, James J. (2005).
2554:
2552:
2550:
2371:Timeline of low-temperature technology
2326:London: Williams & Norgate 1899. (
2278:. Institution of Electrical Engineers.
1618:A statue of Michael Faraday stands in
1424:Lighthouse lantern room from mid-1800s
927:which he made via the chlorination of
4980:. Amherst, New York: Humanity Books.
4451:"Withdrawn banknotes reference guide"
4352:. Royal Albert Hall. 15 October 2017.
3776:"A tour of Michael Faraday in London"
2781:. Episode 744. NPR. KUHF-FM Houston.
2760:. Episode 741. NPR. KUHF-FM Houston.
2394:
2392:
2285:The Correspondence of Michael Faraday
874:'s tomb. Faraday was interred in the
791:American Academy of Arts and Sciences
689:, who was one of the founders of the
7:
5409:Royal Institution Christmas Lectures
5042:The Electric Life of Michael Faraday
4929:. Edinburgh: R. & R. Clark, Ltd.
4535:"Issue: World Changers (21.09.1999)"
4200:The Electric Life of Michael Faraday
4116:Thompson, Silvanus Phillips (1898).
3530:. Vol. 2. Courier Corporation.
3003:. London: Macmillan and Co. p.
2762:No 741: Michael Faraday (transcript)
1325:Royal Institution and public service
1195:(left), founders of electrochemistry
774:in 1824, he twice refused to become
5239:talking about Benzene since Faraday
4255:"History of the Christmas Lectures"
2885:The Basics of Metals and Metalloids
2696:. Oxford University Press. p.
2035:Michael Faraday in his laboratory,
2017:Portrait of young Michael Faraday,
1701:. The former UK Faraday Station in
1693:, the main engineering building at
1312:In his work on static electricity,
6880:Writers about religion and science
6830:People associated with electricity
4831:Michael Faraday, His Life and Work
4383:Australian Dictionary of Biography
4202:. New York: Walker & Company;
4119:Michael Faraday; his life and work
3334:Richard Taylor and William Francis
2314:London; Glasgow: R. Griffin, 1860.
1365:Royal Institution of Great Britain
1349:Royal Institution of Great Britain
1317:is used in what is now known as a
1000:, terms proposed in large part by
187:Faraday paradox (electrochemistry)
25:
6152:Newtonian constant of gravitation
6036:René Antoine Ferchault de Réaumur
5203:Works by or about Michael Faraday
4054:. 16 December 1856. p. 4219.
3809:. National Portrait Gallery, UK:
3232:"The Origin of the Bunsen Burner"
2858:Baggott, Jim (2 September 1991).
2366:Timeline of hydrogen technologies
2191:. Richard and John Edward Taylor.
1638:and completed in 1961, is at the
795:Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences
500:As a chemist, Faraday discovered
5490:
5489:
5472:Faraday Medal (electrochemistry)
5415:The Chemical History of a Candle
5219:
4976:; James, Frank A. J. L. (1996).
4873:Faraday as a Natural Philosopher
4325:"History of Faraday (Station F)"
4095:Faraday, Michael (2 July 1853).
3280:
3169:Hadfield, Robert Abbott (1931).
3046:. Chemical Heritage Foundation.
2070:
2058:
2046:
2028:
2010:
1970:Awards named in Faraday's honour
1557:The Chemical History of a Candle
1361:Fullerian Professor of Chemistry
1070:tried, but failed, to design an
780:Fullerian Professor of Chemistry
534:Fullerian Professor of Chemistry
401:
381:
6825:People from Elephant and Castle
6770:19th-century British physicists
6765:19th-century English scientists
4915:The Life and Letters of Faraday
4730:"RSC Faraday Lectureship Prize"
4481:"BBC – Great Britons – Top 100"
2650:"Answers about Michael Faraday"
2615:Michael Faraday: Man of Science
2242:On the Various Forces in Nature
1995:Michael Faraday Medal and Prize
1552:First Principles of Electricity
1436:. His workshop still stands at
662:Portrait of Faraday in 1842 by
281:
6860:Recipients of the Copley Medal
6647:Jacques Charles François Sturm
5885:Sir George Stokes, 1st Baronet
5348:Faraday's laws of electrolysis
4950:; James, Frank A.J.L. (1985).
4426:"Faraday, Michael (1791–1867)"
4305:Michael Faraday Primary School
3910:"Pieter Zeeman, Nobel Lecture"
3653:. Cambridge University Press.
1835:Plaque erected in 1876 by the
1824:, Victoria), and New Zealand (
1498:, London. He also advised the
1143:. The horseshoe-shaped magnet
799:American Philosophical Society
495:electromagnetic rotary devices
308:(1829, 1832, 1849, 1851, 1857)
172:Faraday's laws of electrolysis
1:
6775:19th-century British chemists
6583:Giovanni Antonio Amedeo Plana
5945:William John Macquorn Rankine
5875:Jean Léonard Marie Poiseuille
5442:Faraday Building (Manchester)
5373:Faraday's ice pail experiment
4746:
4674:. St John's College Cambridge
4378:Sir Andrew Clarke (1824–1902)
3934:"Michael Faraday (1791–1867)"
3714:"Michael Faraday's generator"
3623:
3611:
3587:
3575:
3551:
3483:"The Birth of Nanotechnology"
3449:Journal of Chemical Education
3240:Journal of Chemical Education
2997:Gladstone, John Hall (1872).
2596:: A Journal of Choice Reading
2320:, Edinburgh: W.F. Clay, 1896.
2036:
2018:
1537:Between 1827 and 1860 at the
1529:to the general public at the
1386:
1314:Faraday's ice pail experiment
1280:illuminating a magnetic curve
1062:discovered the phenomenon of
862:Faraday died at his house at
177:Faraday's ice pail experiment
63:
27:English scientist (1791–1867)
6835:Burials at Highgate Cemetery
6810:Fellows of the Royal Society
5268:Chemical Heritage Foundation
5139:Michael Faraday: A Biography
5125:Longmans, Green, and Company
4902:American Book Company (1890)
4660:. New York: George H. Doran.
4314:. michaelfaradayschool.co.uk
4034:. IET. 1991. p. xxxvii.
3998:London and the Thames Valley
3554:, pp. 165–171, 183, 187–190.
3398:Quarterly Journal of Science
3360:Michael Faraday: A Biography
3357:Williams, L. Pearce (1965).
2827:, pp. 41–43, 60–64, 277–280.
2778:The Engines of Our Ingenuity
2757:The Engines of Our Ingenuity
2579:UK public library membership
2287:. Vol. 1. INSPEC, Inc.
2152:Resources in other libraries
2128:Resources in other libraries
1699:Northern Illinois University
1671:London South Bank University
1415:Senghenydd Colliery Disaster
753:granted Faraday an honorary
563:is named in his honour: the
5600:Charles-Augustin de Coulomb
5218:(public domain audiobooks)
5179:by J. A. Crowther, London:
5040:Hirshfeld, Alan W. (2006).
4879:University of Chicago Press
4828:Thompson, Silvanus (1901).
4102:The Illustrated London News
4064:
3827:. Oxford University Press.
3823:James, Frank A.J.L (2010).
3637:
3599:
3563:
3042:Bowden, Mary Ellen (1997).
2824:
2812:
2795:
2636:
1945:National Geographic Channel
1936:Cosmos: A Spacetime Odyssey
1656:London Borough of Southwark
1570:The Chemistry of Combustion
640:The Improvement of the Mind
609:London Borough of Southwark
6901:
5318:Faraday's law of induction
5025:. London: Harper Collins.
4998:; Tweney, Ryan D. (1991).
3295:Philosophical Transactions
3066:; accessed 14 August 2014.
2887:. Rosen Publishing Group.
2224:. Griffin, Bohn & Co.
1866:following a UK-wide vote.
1595:
1548:The Rudiments of Chemistry
803:French Academy of Sciences
691:Royal Philharmonic Society
644:Conversations on Chemistry
607:(which is now part of the
142:Faraday's law of induction
29:
6361:
6305:
6211:Stefan–Boltzmann constant
6197:Stefan–Boltzmann constant
6079:
5925:Daniel Gabriel Fahrenheit
5485:
5477:Faraday Lectureship Prize
5363:Faraday-efficiency effect
4900:. Vol. 2. New York:
4763:Cantor, Geoffrey (1991).
4606:. The Faraday Institution
4604:"The Faraday Institution"
3526:Faraday, Michael (1844).
3415:Faraday, Michael (1859).
3392:Faraday, Michael (1823).
3328:Faraday, Michael (1859).
2318:The Liquefaction of Gases
2197:Faraday, Michael (1859).
2185:Faraday, Michael (1839).
2169:Faraday, Michael (1827).
2147:Resources in your library
2123:Resources in your library
1993:The Institute of Physics
1939:, which was broadcast on
1918:John Templeton Foundation
1118:electromagnetic induction
1027:Electricity and magnetism
447:electromagnetic induction
380:
371:
340:
197:Faraday-efficiency effect
55:
5495:Category:Michael Faraday
5432:Michael Faraday Memorial
5212:Works by Michael Faraday
5194:Works by Michael Faraday
5143:. New York: Basic Books.
5021:Hamilton, James (2002).
4933:Gladstone, J.H. (1872).
4782:Hamilton, James (2004).
4586:13 December 2009 at the
4329:British Antarctic Survey
4198:Hirshfeld, Alan (2006).
3670:Van Valkenburgh (1995).
3485:. Nanogallery.info. 2006
3394:"On Hydrate of Chlorine"
3022:"M. Faraday (1791–1867)"
2432:"Faraday, Michael"
1820:, Virginia), Australia (
832:, Faraday was awarded a
713:and for two terms as an
212:Adsorption refrigeration
32:Faraday (disambiguation)
6780:Experimental physicists
6611:Antoine César Becquerel
6439:Benjamin Collins Brodie
5935:Johann Heinrich Lambert
5835:Johann Heinrich Lambert
5700:Rolf Maximilian Sievert
5120:Faraday as a Discoverer
5078:Oxford University Press
4656:Huxley, Aldous (1925).
4362:McNamara, John (1991).
4279:Fisher, Stuart (2012).
3978:. The Royal Institution
3936:. The Royal Institution
3866:Zeeman, Pieter (1897).
3009:Faraday French Academy.
2688:Jenkins, Alice (2008).
2445:Encyclopædia Britannica
2438:Encyclopædia Britannica
2403:Understanding Chemistry
1924:The Faraday Institution
1875:Scientific Achievements
1687:University of Edinburgh
1679:Loughborough University
1582:The Metallic Properties
1233:incandescent light bulb
890:Scientific achievements
540:, a lifetime position.
6375:William Hyde Wollaston
6178:Johann Josef Loschmidt
6066:Evangelista Torricelli
5117:Tyndall, John (1868).
3511:Mee, Nicholas (2012).
3307:10.1098/rstl.1821.0007
3188:10.1098/rsta.1932.0007
2511:. Dover Publications.
2405:. Universities Press.
2203:. Taylor and Francis.
2099:
2096:Chemische Manipulation
1969:
1840:
1732:
1622:, London, outside the
1615:
1534:
1487:
1425:
1406:forensic investigation
1402:Haswell, County Durham
1369:John 'Mad Jack' Fuller
1344:
1333:Michael Faraday meets
1260:
1196:
1156:
1128:
1112:
1068:William Hyde Wollaston
1055:
1043:through a solution of
908:
852:
821:
778:. He became the first
746:
666:
6615:John Frederic Daniell
6487:Hans Christian Ørsted
6447:William Thomas Brande
6296:von Klitzing constant
5966:Alexander Graham Bell
5865:Hans Christian Ørsted
5765:Anders Jonas Ångström
4939:. London: Macmillan.
4807:Thomas, J.M. (1991).
4310:29 March 2012 at the
3996:Smith, Denis (2001).
3955:Jones, Roger (2009).
3781:The Royal Institution
3726:"The Savoy Theatre",
2883:West, Krista (2013).
2721:James, Frank (1992).
2571:10.1093/ref:odnb/9153
2162:Chemical Manipulation
2094:
1956:A Night in Pietramala
1845:Royal Society of Arts
1839:in Marylebone, London
1837:Royal Society of Arts
1834:
1705:was named after him.
1640:Elephant & Castle
1606:Statue of Faraday in
1605:
1524:
1481:
1445:environmental science
1423:
1413:years until the 1913
1332:
1254:
1190:
1134:
1126:
1094:
1060:Hans Christian Ørsted
1053:
902:
846:
815:
741:Three Fellows of the
740:
661:
475:electromagnetic field
6727:Peter Andreas Hansen
6623:Carl Friedrich Gauss
6599:Jöns Jacob Berzelius
6575:Siméon Denis Poisson
6407:Thomas Andrew Knight
5959:Non-systematic units
5805:Carl Friedrich Gauss
5740:Wilhelm Eduard Weber
5650:James Prescott Joule
4404:"The Faraday Centre"
3674:. Cengage Learning.
3181:(681–693): 221–292.
2977:search.amphilsoc.org
2973:"APS Member History"
2809:St. Paul's Cathedral
2354:Forensic engineering
2245:. Chatto and Windus.
1864:100 Greatest Britons
1191:Faraday (right) and
982:laws of electrolysis
933:carbon tetrachloride
751:University of Oxford
695:nitrogen trichloride
579:James Clerk Maxwell.
487:laws of electrolysis
257:Discovery of benzene
6870:Royal Medal winners
6840:English Protestants
6671:Jean-Baptiste Dumas
6591:William Snow Harris
6563:George Biddell Airy
6188:Johann Jakob Balmer
5855:James Clerk Maxwell
5133:Williams, L. Pearce
5102:. Bristol: Hilger.
5096:Thomas, John Meurig
4836:Cassell and Company
4700:. 30 November 2023.
4672:"IET Faraday Medal"
4590:, Faraday Institute
4570:on 11 January 2012.
4406:. Faradaycentre.org
4233:1968PhT....21h..30S
4178:2001PhTea..39...32L
4166:The Physics Teacher
3886:1897Natur..55..347Z
3844:Day, Peter (1999).
3461:1954JChEd..31..226E
3253:2005JChEd..82..518J
2617:. Books on Demand.
1610:, London. Sculptor
1566:Voltaic Electricity
1408:and indicated that
1400:in the colliery at
1166:James Clerk Maxwell
1135:Built in 1831, the
1045:sulfate of magnesia
847:Faraday's grave at
755:Doctor of Civil Law
549:James Clerk Maxwell
504:, investigated the
232:Magnetic separation
6800:English physicists
6785:Optical physicists
6719:Roderick Murchison
6292:Klaus von Klitzing
6286:Josephson constant
6207:Boltzmann constant
6182:Loschmidt constant
5690:Werner von Siemens
5549:André-Marie Ampère
5378:Faraday efficiency
5046:Walker and Company
4910:Bence Jones, Henry
4635:The New York Times
4493:on 4 December 2002
4364:History in Asphalt
4051:The London Gazette
4000:. Thomas Telford;
3336:. pp. 33–53.
3228:Jensen, William B.
3204:"Faraday Rotation"
2270:of Faraday's diary
2136:By Michael Faraday
2100:
2079:Harriet Jane Moore
1887:Robert Watson-Watt
1841:
1695:Swansea University
1648:Trinity Buoy Wharf
1616:
1578:Static Electricity
1543:Christmas lectures
1535:
1488:
1438:Trinity Buoy Wharf
1426:
1345:
1261:
1231:, fitted with the
1209:animal electricity
1197:
1157:
1141:electric generator
1129:
1113:
1056:
909:
853:
822:
749:In June 1832, the
747:
707:Church of Scotland
667:
512:and the system of
6795:English inventors
6737:
6736:
6695:Urbain Le Verrier
6643:Justus von Liebig
6354:Copley Medallists
6320:
6319:
6162:Avogadro constant
6096:
6095:
5620:Louis Harold Gray
5503:
5502:
5457:IET Faraday Medal
5198:Project Gutenberg
5109:978-0-7503-0145-9
5087:978-0-19-511763-9
5064:Russell, Colin A.
5055:978-0-8027-1470-1
5032:978-0-00-716376-2
5023:Faraday: The Life
5013:978-0-86341-255-4
4987:978-1-57392-556-3
4961:978-0-333-39320-8
4845:978-1-4179-7036-0
4820:978-0-7503-0145-9
4799:978-1-4000-6016-0
4774:978-0-333-58802-4
4241:10.1063/1.3035100
4186:10.1119/1.1343427
4150:978-0-86341-251-6
3672:Basic Electricity
3537:978-0-486-43505-3
3469:10.1021/ed031p226
3426:978-0-85066-841-4
3378:978-0-306-80299-7
3343:978-0-85066-841-4
3261:10.1021/ed082p518
3202:Akerlof, Carl W.
3093:978-1-85109-490-5
2735:(5426): 192–199.
2577:(Subscription or
2518:978-0-486-49561-3
2294:978-0-86341-248-6
2261:978-0-7135-0439-2
2231:978-1-4255-1974-2
2210:978-0-85066-841-4
2104:Library resources
1964:10 Downing Street
1960:Margaret Thatcher
1893:issue along with
1885:(jet engine) and
1741:Royal Albert Hall
1722:, no Faraday, no
1691:Brunel University
1562:Attractive Forces
1539:Royal Institution
1531:Royal Institution
1527:Christmas Lecture
1376:Royal Institution
1241:Royal Institution
1235:developed by Sir
1174:Maxwell equations
1162:mutual inductance
1037:British halfpenny
978:clathrate hydrate
905:Royal Institution
884:Highgate Cemetery
868:Westminster Abbey
849:Highgate Cemetery
826:nervous breakdown
816:Faraday House in
784:Royal Institution
675:Royal Institution
583:Ernest Rutherford
538:Royal Institution
514:oxidation numbers
506:clathrate hydrate
389:
388:
366:Royal Institution
342:Scientific career
84:22 September 1791
16:(Redirected from
6892:
6790:English chemists
6730:
6722:
6714:
6711:John Couch Adams
6706:
6698:
6690:
6682:
6674:
6666:
6663:James MacCullagh
6658:
6650:
6638:
6630:
6618:
6606:
6594:
6586:
6578:
6566:
6558:
6546:
6538:
6526:
6518:
6510:
6507:William Buckland
6502:
6490:
6482:
6474:
6466:
6458:
6450:
6442:
6434:
6431:Edward Troughton
6426:
6418:
6410:
6402:
6394:
6391:Smithson Tennant
6386:
6383:Richard Chenevix
6378:
6370:
6347:
6340:
6333:
6324:
6221:Rydberg constant
6217:Johannes Rydberg
6203:Ludwig Boltzmann
6172:Faraday constant
6123:
6116:
6109:
6100:
5720:Alessandro Volta
5573:SI derived units
5530:
5523:
5516:
5507:
5493:
5492:
5447:Faraday (crater)
5437:Faraday Building
5383:Electrochemistry
5333:Faraday constant
5297:
5290:
5283:
5274:
5260:
5223:
5222:
5207:Internet Archive
5144:
5142:
5128:
5113:
5091:
5059:
5036:
5017:
4991:
4974:Cantor, Geoffrey
4965:
4943:
4922:
4905:
4892:
4876:
4849:
4824:
4803:
4778:
4750:
4744:
4738:
4737:
4726:
4720:
4719:
4708:
4702:
4701:
4698:royalsociety.org
4690:
4684:
4683:
4681:
4679:
4668:
4662:
4661:
4653:
4647:
4646:
4644:
4642:
4628:(4 March 2014).
4622:
4616:
4615:
4613:
4611:
4600:
4591:
4578:
4572:
4571:
4566:. Archived from
4556:
4550:
4549:
4547:
4545:
4531:
4525:
4524:
4522:
4520:
4509:
4503:
4502:
4500:
4498:
4489:. Archived from
4486:Internet Archive
4477:
4471:
4470:
4468:
4466:
4457:. Archived from
4447:
4441:
4440:
4438:
4436:
4430:English Heritage
4422:
4416:
4415:
4413:
4411:
4400:
4394:
4393:
4391:
4389:
4373:
4367:
4360:
4354:
4353:
4346:
4340:
4339:
4337:
4335:
4321:
4315:
4302:
4296:
4277:
4271:
4270:
4268:
4266:
4251:
4245:
4244:
4216:
4210:
4196:
4190:
4189:
4161:
4155:
4154:
4134:
4128:
4127:
4113:
4107:
4106:
4092:
4086:
4085:
4074:
4068:
4062:
4056:
4055:
4042:
4036:
4035:
4028:
4022:
4015:
4009:
3994:
3988:
3987:
3985:
3983:
3972:
3961:
3960:
3952:
3946:
3945:
3943:
3941:
3930:
3921:
3920:
3918:
3916:
3906:
3900:
3899:
3897:
3895:10.1038/055347a0
3863:
3857:
3842:
3836:
3821:
3815:
3814:
3799:
3793:
3792:
3790:
3788:
3772:
3766:
3765:
3760:
3758:
3744:
3738:
3724:
3718:
3717:
3710:
3704:
3703:
3696:
3683:
3682:. pp. 4–91.
3668:
3662:
3647:
3641:
3633:
3627:
3621:
3615:
3609:
3603:
3597:
3591:
3585:
3579:
3573:
3567:
3561:
3555:
3549:
3543:
3541:
3523:
3517:
3516:
3508:
3499:
3498:
3492:
3490:
3479:
3473:
3472:
3455:(May): 226–232.
3446:
3437:
3431:
3430:
3412:
3406:
3405:
3389:
3383:
3382:
3354:
3348:
3347:
3325:
3319:
3318:
3290:
3284:
3278:
3272:
3271:
3269:
3263:. Archived from
3236:
3224:
3218:
3217:
3215:
3213:
3208:
3199:
3193:
3192:
3190:
3166:
3160:
3159:
3152:
3146:
3143:
3137:
3132:Plaque #2429 on
3129:
3123:
3122:
3120:
3118:
3104:
3098:
3097:
3073:
3067:
3061:
3055:
3040:
3034:
3033:
3031:
3029:
3018:
3012:
3011:
2994:
2988:
2987:
2985:
2983:
2969:
2963:
2962:
2960:
2958:
2952:
2945:
2937:
2931:
2930:
2928:
2926:
2921:on 5 August 2020
2911:
2905:
2902:
2896:
2881:
2875:
2874:
2872:
2870:
2855:
2849:
2834:
2828:
2822:
2816:
2805:
2799:
2793:
2787:
2786:
2772:
2766:
2765:
2751:
2745:
2744:
2726:
2718:
2712:
2711:
2695:
2685:
2679:
2671:
2665:
2664:
2662:
2660:
2646:
2640:
2632:
2626:
2608:
2602:
2600:Osgood & Co.
2589:
2583:
2582:
2574:
2556:
2545:
2544:
2542:
2540:
2529:
2523:
2522:
2502:
2496:
2495:
2484:
2473:
2472:
2461:
2448:
2442:
2434:
2423:
2414:
2396:
2350:
2308:
2298:
2279:
2268:2009 publication
2265:
2246:
2235:
2214:
2192:
2174:
2074:
2062:
2050:
2041:
2038:
2032:
2023:
2020:
2014:
1931:The Electric Boy
1744:
1660:Aylesbury Estate
1628:Faraday Memorial
1612:John Henry Foley
1500:National Gallery
1492:Great Exhibition
1486:on table-turning
1484:ideomotor effect
1391:
1388:
1064:electromagnetism
1041:electric current
945:Joseph Loschmidt
925:hexachloroethane
834:grace and favour
443:electrochemistry
439:electromagnetism
436:
435:
432:
431:
428:
423:
422:
419:
416:
413:
410:
407:
398:
385:
309:
285:
283:
157:Faraday constant
133:
106:
83:
81:
68:
65:
60:
50:
39:
21:
6900:
6899:
6895:
6894:
6893:
6891:
6890:
6889:
6750:Michael Faraday
6740:
6739:
6738:
6733:
6725:
6717:
6709:
6701:
6693:
6687:Theodor Schwann
6685:
6679:Carlo Matteucci
6677:
6669:
6661:
6653:
6641:
6633:
6627:Michael Faraday
6621:
6609:
6603:Francis Kiernan
6597:
6589:
6581:
6571:Michael Faraday
6569:
6561:
6549:
6541:
6529:
6521:
6513:
6505:
6493:
6485:
6479:Robert Seppings
6477:
6469:
6461:
6453:
6445:
6437:
6429:
6421:
6413:
6405:
6397:
6389:
6381:
6373:
6365:
6357:
6351:
6321:
6316:
6301:
6282:Brian Josephson
6277:Douglas Hartree
6266:Hubble constant
6236:Planck constant
6168:Michael Faraday
6158:Amedeo Avogadro
6139:
6132:
6127:
6097:
6092:
6075:
6046:Wilhelm Röntgen
6006:Michael Faraday
5954:
5915:
5904:
5825:Heinrich Kayser
5815:William Gilbert
5795:Galileo Galilei
5754:Non-SI metric (
5749:
5610:Michael Faraday
5580:Henri Becquerel
5568:
5537:
5534:
5504:
5499:
5481:
5420:
5397:
5358:Faraday rotator
5353:Faraday paradox
5306:
5304:Michael Faraday
5301:
5258:
5220:
5190:
5157:
5152:
5147:
5131:
5116:
5110:
5094:
5088:
5062:
5056:
5039:
5033:
5020:
5014:
4994:
4988:
4978:Michael Faraday
4968:
4962:
4946:
4936:Michael Faraday
4932:
4908:
4895:
4889:
4865:
4861:
4856:
4854:Further reading
4846:
4827:
4821:
4806:
4800:
4781:
4775:
4762:
4759:
4754:
4753:
4745:
4741:
4728:
4727:
4723:
4710:
4709:
4705:
4692:
4691:
4687:
4677:
4675:
4670:
4669:
4665:
4655:
4654:
4650:
4640:
4638:
4626:Overbye, Dennis
4624:
4623:
4619:
4609:
4607:
4602:
4601:
4594:
4588:Wayback Machine
4579:
4575:
4558:
4557:
4553:
4543:
4541:
4533:
4532:
4528:
4518:
4516:
4511:
4510:
4506:
4496:
4494:
4479:
4478:
4474:
4464:
4462:
4461:on 10 June 2011
4455:Bank of England
4449:
4448:
4444:
4434:
4432:
4424:
4423:
4419:
4409:
4407:
4402:
4401:
4397:
4387:
4385:
4375:
4374:
4370:
4361:
4357:
4348:
4347:
4343:
4333:
4331:
4323:
4322:
4318:
4312:Wayback Machine
4303:
4299:
4278:
4274:
4264:
4262:
4253:
4252:
4248:
4218:
4217:
4213:
4197:
4193:
4163:
4162:
4158:
4151:
4136:
4135:
4131:
4115:
4114:
4110:
4097:"Table-turning"
4094:
4093:
4089:
4076:
4075:
4071:
4063:
4059:
4044:
4043:
4039:
4030:
4029:
4025:
4016:
4012:
3995:
3991:
3981:
3979:
3974:
3973:
3964:
3954:
3953:
3949:
3939:
3937:
3932:
3931:
3924:
3914:
3912:
3908:
3907:
3903:
3865:
3864:
3860:
3843:
3839:
3822:
3818:
3801:
3800:
3796:
3786:
3784:
3774:
3773:
3769:
3756:
3754:
3746:
3745:
3741:
3725:
3721:
3712:
3711:
3707:
3698:
3697:
3686:
3669:
3665:
3648:
3644:
3634:
3630:
3622:
3618:
3610:
3606:
3598:
3594:
3586:
3582:
3574:
3570:
3562:
3558:
3550:
3546:
3538:
3525:
3524:
3520:
3510:
3509:
3502:
3488:
3486:
3481:
3480:
3476:
3444:
3439:
3438:
3434:
3427:
3414:
3413:
3409:
3391:
3390:
3386:
3379:
3356:
3355:
3351:
3344:
3327:
3326:
3322:
3292:
3291:
3287:
3279:
3275:
3270:on 30 May 2005.
3267:
3234:
3226:
3225:
3221:
3211:
3209:
3206:
3201:
3200:
3196:
3168:
3167:
3163:
3154:
3153:
3149:
3144:
3140:
3130:
3126:
3116:
3114:
3106:
3105:
3101:
3094:
3075:
3074:
3070:
3062:
3058:
3041:
3037:
3027:
3025:
3020:
3019:
3015:
3000:Michael Faraday
2996:
2995:
2991:
2981:
2979:
2971:
2970:
2966:
2956:
2954:
2950:
2943:
2939:
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2934:
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2913:
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2908:
2903:
2899:
2882:
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2835:
2831:
2823:
2819:
2806:
2802:
2794:
2790:
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2769:
2753:
2752:
2748:
2720:
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2715:
2708:
2687:
2686:
2682:
2672:
2668:
2658:
2656:
2648:
2647:
2643:
2633:
2629:
2611:Jerrold, Walter
2609:
2605:
2590:
2586:
2576:
2558:
2557:
2548:
2538:
2536:
2531:
2530:
2526:
2519:
2504:
2503:
2499:
2486:
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2476:
2463:
2462:
2451:
2425:
2424:
2417:
2397:
2390:
2385:
2348:
2341:
2328:Digital edition
2302:
2295:
2282:
2273:
2262:
2249:
2238:
2232:
2217:
2211:
2196:
2184:
2168:
2158:
2157:
2156:
2133:
2132:
2112:
2111:
2109:Michael Faraday
2107:
2089:
2082:
2075:
2066:
2063:
2054:
2051:
2042:
2039:
2033:
2024:
2021:
2015:
2006:
1972:
1879:Charles Babbage
1862:'s list of the
1856:Bank of England
1816:, New York and
1746:
1737:Albert Einstein
1734:
1675:Newington Butts
1644:Newington Butts
1600:
1594:
1473:The Great Stink
1389:
1384:Chance Brothers
1343:(21 July 1855).
1327:
1310:
1249:
1076:homopolar motor
1029:
1002:William Whewell
974:
967:
963:
897:
892:
735:
664:Thomas Phillips
656:
625:educate himself
601:Newington Butts
597:
592:
571:Albert Einstein
425:
404:
400:
394:
392:Michael Faraday
354:
336:
307:
287:
284: 1821)
279:
275:
264:
261:
222:Homopolar motor
192:Faraday rotator
182:Faraday paradox
147:Faraday balance
135:
134:
129:
118:
108:
104:
95:
88:Newington Butts
85:
79:
77:
69:
66:
51:
46:
44:
43:Michael Faraday
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
6898:
6896:
6888:
6887:
6882:
6877:
6872:
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6862:
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6847:
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6817:
6812:
6807:
6802:
6797:
6792:
6787:
6782:
6777:
6772:
6767:
6762:
6757:
6752:
6742:
6741:
6735:
6734:
6732:
6731:
6723:
6715:
6707:
6699:
6691:
6683:
6675:
6667:
6659:
6651:
6639:
6631:
6619:
6607:
6595:
6587:
6579:
6567:
6559:
6547:
6539:
6531:François Arago
6527:
6519:
6511:
6503:
6491:
6483:
6475:
6467:
6463:David Brewster
6459:
6451:
6443:
6435:
6427:
6419:
6411:
6403:
6395:
6387:
6379:
6371:
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6134:
6133:
6128:
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6125:
6118:
6111:
6103:
6094:
6093:
6080:
6077:
6076:
6074:
6073:
6063:
6053:
6043:
6040:degree Réaumur
6033:
6023:
6016:Heinrich Mache
6013:
6003:
5993:
5983:
5973:
5962:
5960:
5956:
5955:
5953:
5952:
5949:degree Rankine
5942:
5932:
5921:
5919:
5906:
5905:
5903:
5902:
5892:
5882:
5872:
5862:
5852:
5845:Samuel Langley
5842:
5832:
5822:
5812:
5802:
5792:
5782:
5772:
5761:
5759:
5751:
5750:
5748:
5747:
5737:
5727:
5717:
5707:
5697:
5687:
5677:
5667:
5657:
5647:
5640:Heinrich Hertz
5637:
5627:
5617:
5607:
5597:
5590:Anders Celsius
5587:
5576:
5574:
5570:
5569:
5567:
5566:
5556:
5545:
5543:
5539:
5538:
5535:
5533:
5532:
5525:
5518:
5510:
5501:
5500:
5498:
5497:
5486:
5483:
5482:
5480:
5479:
5474:
5469:
5464:
5459:
5454:
5452:Faraday Future
5449:
5444:
5439:
5434:
5428:
5426:
5422:
5421:
5419:
5418:
5411:
5405:
5403:
5399:
5398:
5396:
5395:
5390:
5385:
5380:
5375:
5370:
5365:
5360:
5355:
5350:
5345:
5340:
5335:
5330:
5325:
5323:Faraday effect
5320:
5314:
5312:
5308:
5307:
5302:
5300:
5299:
5292:
5285:
5277:
5271:
5270:
5255:
5249:
5245:full download
5240:
5230:
5224:
5209:
5200:
5189:
5186:
5185:
5184:
5174:
5169:
5163:
5156:
5153:
5151:
5150:External links
5148:
5146:
5145:
5129:
5114:
5108:
5092:
5086:
5068:Owen Gingerich
5060:
5054:
5037:
5031:
5018:
5012:
4996:Gooding, David
4992:
4986:
4970:Gooding, David
4966:
4960:
4948:Gooding, David
4944:
4930:
4923:
4906:
4893:
4888:978-0226010465
4887:
4867:Agassi, Joseph
4862:
4860:
4857:
4855:
4852:
4851:
4850:
4844:
4825:
4819:
4804:
4798:
4779:
4773:
4758:
4755:
4752:
4751:
4739:
4721:
4703:
4685:
4663:
4648:
4617:
4592:
4573:
4551:
4526:
4504:
4472:
4442:
4417:
4395:
4368:
4355:
4341:
4316:
4297:
4272:
4261:on 9 June 2017
4246:
4211:
4191:
4156:
4149:
4129:
4108:
4105:. p. 530.
4087:
4069:
4057:
4037:
4023:
4010:
3989:
3962:
3947:
3922:
3901:
3858:
3837:
3816:
3794:
3767:
3739:
3719:
3705:
3684:
3663:
3642:
3640:, pp. 235–244.
3628:
3616:
3604:
3592:
3580:
3568:
3566:, pp. 231–233.
3556:
3544:
3536:
3518:
3500:
3474:
3432:
3425:
3407:
3384:
3377:
3349:
3342:
3320:
3285:
3281:Faraday (1827)
3273:
3219:
3194:
3161:
3147:
3138:
3124:
3099:
3092:
3086:. p. 86.
3068:
3056:
3035:
3013:
2989:
2964:
2953:on 27 May 2016
2932:
2906:
2897:
2876:
2850:
2829:
2817:
2800:
2788:
2767:
2746:
2713:
2707:978-1846311406
2706:
2680:
2674:Plaque #19 on
2666:
2641:
2627:
2603:
2594:Every Saturday
2584:
2546:
2524:
2517:
2497:
2494:. 22 May 2017.
2474:
2449:
2429:, ed. (1911).
2427:Chisholm, Hugh
2415:
2387:
2386:
2384:
2381:
2380:
2379:
2373:
2368:
2363:
2357:
2351:
2345:Faraday (unit)
2340:
2337:
2336:
2335:
2321:
2315:
2309:
2300:
2293:
2280:
2271:
2260:
2247:
2236:
2230:
2215:
2209:
2194:
2182:
2173:. John Murray.
2155:
2154:
2149:
2144:
2138:
2134:
2131:
2130:
2125:
2120:
2114:
2113:
2102:
2101:
2088:
2085:
2084:
2083:
2076:
2069:
2067:
2064:
2057:
2055:
2052:
2045:
2043:
2034:
2027:
2025:
2016:
2009:
2005:
2002:
2001:
2000:
1997:
1991:
1985:
1971:
1968:
1895:Charles Darwin
1891:World Changers
1854:issued by the
1707:
1669:A building at
1630:, designed by
1593:
1592:Commemorations
1590:
1380:expert witness
1326:
1323:
1309:
1306:
1290:magnetising a
1276:Faraday effect
1248:
1245:
1139:was the first
1072:electric motor
1028:
1025:
972:
965:
961:
896:
893:
891:
888:
830:Prince Consort
824:Faraday had a
734:
731:
655:
652:
596:
593:
591:
588:
553:lines of force
471:direct current
463:magnetic field
387:
386:
378:
377:
373:
372:
369:
368:
363:
359:
358:
349:
345:
344:
338:
337:
335:
334:
328:
322:
316:
310:
305:Bakerian Medal
302:
295:
293:
289:
288:
277:
273:
272:
270:
266:
265:
263:
262:
260:
259:
254:
252:Rubber Balloon
249:
244:
239:
234:
229:
227:Lines of force
224:
219:
217:Colloidal gold
214:
209:
204:
199:
194:
189:
184:
179:
174:
169:
167:Faraday effect
164:
159:
154:
149:
144:
138:
128:
127:
126:
124:
123:Known for
120:
119:
109:
107:(aged 75)
103:25 August 1867
101:
97:
96:
86:
75:
71:
70:
61:
53:
52:
45:
42:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6897:
6886:
6883:
6881:
6878:
6876:
6873:
6871:
6868:
6866:
6863:
6861:
6858:
6856:
6853:
6851:
6848:
6846:
6843:
6841:
6838:
6836:
6833:
6831:
6828:
6826:
6823:
6821:
6818:
6816:
6813:
6811:
6808:
6806:
6803:
6801:
6798:
6796:
6793:
6791:
6788:
6786:
6783:
6781:
6778:
6776:
6773:
6771:
6768:
6766:
6763:
6761:
6758:
6756:
6753:
6751:
6748:
6747:
6745:
6728:
6724:
6720:
6716:
6712:
6708:
6704:
6703:John Herschel
6700:
6696:
6692:
6688:
6684:
6680:
6676:
6672:
6668:
6664:
6660:
6656:
6652:
6648:
6644:
6640:
6636:
6632:
6628:
6624:
6620:
6616:
6612:
6608:
6604:
6600:
6596:
6592:
6588:
6584:
6580:
6576:
6572:
6568:
6564:
6560:
6556:
6552:
6551:William Prout
6548:
6544:
6540:
6536:
6532:
6528:
6524:
6523:John Brinkley
6520:
6516:
6512:
6508:
6504:
6500:
6499:John Herschel
6496:
6495:Edward Sabine
6492:
6488:
6484:
6480:
6476:
6472:
6468:
6464:
6460:
6456:
6452:
6448:
6444:
6440:
6436:
6432:
6428:
6424:
6423:William Henry
6420:
6416:
6412:
6408:
6404:
6400:
6396:
6392:
6388:
6384:
6380:
6376:
6372:
6368:
6367:Astley Cooper
6364:
6363:
6360:
6355:
6348:
6343:
6341:
6336:
6334:
6329:
6328:
6325:
6315:
6314:
6310:
6304:
6297:
6293:
6290:
6287:
6283:
6280:
6278:
6275:
6273:
6270:
6267:
6263:
6260:
6257:
6253:
6250:
6248:
6245:
6243:
6240:
6237:
6233:
6230:
6228:
6227:J. J. Thomson
6225:
6222:
6218:
6215:
6212:
6208:
6204:
6201:
6198:
6194:
6191:
6189:
6186:
6183:
6179:
6176:
6173:
6169:
6166:
6163:
6159:
6156:
6153:
6149:
6146:
6145:
6143:
6141:
6135:
6131:
6124:
6119:
6117:
6112:
6110:
6105:
6104:
6101:
6091:
6087:
6083:
6078:
6071:
6067:
6064:
6061:
6057:
6056:J. J. Thomson
6054:
6051:
6047:
6044:
6041:
6037:
6034:
6031:
6027:
6024:
6021:
6017:
6014:
6011:
6007:
6004:
6001:
5997:
5994:
5991:
5987:
5984:
5981:
5977:
5974:
5971:
5967:
5964:
5963:
5961:
5957:
5950:
5946:
5943:
5940:
5936:
5933:
5930:
5926:
5923:
5922:
5920:
5917:
5911:
5907:
5900:
5896:
5893:
5890:
5886:
5883:
5880:
5876:
5873:
5870:
5866:
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5856:
5853:
5850:
5846:
5843:
5840:
5836:
5833:
5830:
5826:
5823:
5820:
5816:
5813:
5810:
5806:
5803:
5800:
5796:
5793:
5790:
5786:
5785:Loránd Eötvös
5783:
5780:
5776:
5773:
5770:
5766:
5763:
5762:
5760:
5757:
5752:
5745:
5741:
5738:
5735:
5731:
5728:
5725:
5721:
5718:
5715:
5711:
5708:
5705:
5701:
5698:
5695:
5691:
5688:
5685:
5681:
5680:Blaise Pascal
5678:
5675:
5671:
5668:
5665:
5661:
5658:
5655:
5651:
5648:
5645:
5641:
5638:
5635:
5631:
5628:
5625:
5621:
5618:
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5611:
5608:
5605:
5601:
5598:
5595:
5591:
5588:
5585:
5581:
5578:
5577:
5575:
5571:
5564:
5560:
5557:
5554:
5550:
5547:
5546:
5544:
5542:SI base units
5540:
5531:
5526:
5524:
5519:
5517:
5512:
5511:
5508:
5496:
5488:
5487:
5484:
5478:
5475:
5473:
5470:
5468:
5465:
5463:
5460:
5458:
5455:
5453:
5450:
5448:
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5443:
5440:
5438:
5435:
5433:
5430:
5429:
5427:
5423:
5417:
5416:
5412:
5410:
5407:
5406:
5404:
5400:
5394:
5393:Line of force
5391:
5389:
5386:
5384:
5381:
5379:
5376:
5374:
5371:
5369:
5366:
5364:
5361:
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5349:
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5321:
5319:
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5313:
5309:
5305:
5298:
5293:
5291:
5286:
5284:
5279:
5278:
5275:
5269:
5265:
5261:
5256:
5253:
5250:
5248:
5244:
5241:
5238:
5234:
5233:Video Podcast
5231:
5228:
5225:
5217:
5213:
5210:
5208:
5204:
5201:
5199:
5195:
5192:
5191:
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5167:
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5159:
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5154:
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5130:
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5105:
5101:
5097:
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5089:
5083:
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5069:
5065:
5061:
5057:
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5043:
5038:
5034:
5028:
5024:
5019:
5015:
5009:
5005:
5001:
4997:
4993:
4989:
4983:
4979:
4975:
4971:
4967:
4963:
4957:
4953:
4949:
4945:
4942:
4938:
4937:
4931:
4928:
4924:
4921:
4917:
4916:
4911:
4907:
4903:
4899:
4894:
4890:
4884:
4880:
4875:
4874:
4868:
4864:
4863:
4858:
4853:
4847:
4841:
4837:
4833:
4832:
4826:
4822:
4816:
4813:. CRC Press.
4812:
4811:
4805:
4801:
4795:
4791:
4787:
4786:
4780:
4776:
4770:
4767:. Macmillan.
4766:
4761:
4760:
4756:
4748:
4743:
4740:
4735:
4731:
4725:
4722:
4717:
4713:
4712:"Gold Medals"
4707:
4704:
4699:
4695:
4689:
4686:
4673:
4667:
4664:
4659:
4652:
4649:
4637:
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4631:
4627:
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4618:
4605:
4599:
4597:
4593:
4589:
4585:
4582:
4577:
4574:
4569:
4565:
4564:templeton.org
4561:
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4418:
4405:
4399:
4396:
4384:
4380:
4379:
4372:
4369:
4365:
4359:
4356:
4351:
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4293:1-4081-5583-4
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4221:Physics Today
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4006:0-7277-2876-8
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3880:(1424): 347.
3879:
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3855:
3854:0-7503-0570-3
3851:
3848:. CRC Press.
3847:
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3833:0-19-161446-7
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3680:0-7906-1041-8
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3659:0-521-33768-2
3656:
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3522:
3519:
3515:. p. 55.
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3052:0-941901-12-2
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3036:
3023:
3017:
3014:
3010:
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2893:1-4777-2722-1
2890:
2886:
2880:
2877:
2865:
2864:New Scientist
2861:
2854:
2851:
2847:
2843:
2840:. See p. 330
2839:
2833:
2830:
2826:
2821:
2818:
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2801:
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2588:
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2564:
2563:
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2553:
2551:
2547:
2535:. BBC Science
2534:
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2412:
2411:81-7371-250-6
2408:
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2400:
2395:
2393:
2389:
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2377:
2376:Zeeman effect
2374:
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2145:
2143:
2140:
2139:
2137:
2129:
2126:
2124:
2121:
2119:
2116:
2115:
2110:
2105:
2097:
2093:
2086:
2080:
2073:
2068:
2061:
2056:
2049:
2044:
2031:
2026:
2013:
2008:
2003:
1998:
1996:
1992:
1990:
1986:
1984:
1983:Faraday Medal
1981:
1977:
1976:
1975:
1967:
1965:
1961:
1957:
1953:
1952:Aldous Huxley
1948:
1946:
1942:
1938:
1937:
1932:
1927:
1925:
1921:
1919:
1915:
1911:
1906:
1904:
1900:
1899:Edward Jenner
1896:
1892:
1888:
1884:
1883:Frank Whittle
1881:(computing),
1880:
1876:
1872:
1867:
1865:
1861:
1857:
1853:
1849:
1846:
1838:
1833:
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1657:
1653:
1649:
1645:
1641:
1637:
1636:Rodney Gordon
1633:
1629:
1625:
1621:
1613:
1609:
1604:
1599:
1591:
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1587:
1583:
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1553:
1549:
1544:
1540:
1532:
1528:
1523:
1519:
1516:
1514:
1510:
1506:
1505:table-turning
1501:
1497:
1493:
1485:
1480:
1476:
1474:
1470:
1469:
1464:
1460:
1459:
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1441:
1439:
1435:
1431:
1422:
1418:
1416:
1411:
1407:
1403:
1399:
1395:
1394:Charles Lyell
1385:
1381:
1377:
1372:
1370:
1366:
1362:
1358:
1357:Royal Society
1354:
1350:
1342:
1341:
1336:
1335:Father Thames
1331:
1324:
1322:
1320:
1315:
1307:
1305:
1302:
1301:Pieter Zeeman
1296:
1294:
1293:
1287:
1286:
1285:line of force
1281:
1277:
1273:
1268:
1266:
1258:
1253:
1246:
1244:
1242:
1238:
1234:
1230:
1229:Savoy Theatre
1226:
1220:
1218:
1214:
1210:
1206:
1202:
1194:
1189:
1185:
1183:
1179:
1175:
1171:
1170:Faraday's law
1167:
1163:
1154:
1150:
1146:
1142:
1138:
1133:
1125:
1121:
1119:
1110:
1106:
1102:
1098:
1093:
1089:
1086:
1085:Royal Society
1081:
1077:
1073:
1069:
1065:
1061:
1052:
1048:
1046:
1042:
1038:
1034:
1026:
1024:
1022:
1018:
1014:
1010:
1009:nanoparticles
1005:
1003:
999:
995:
991:
987:
983:
979:
975:
968:
957:
953:
952:Bunsen burner
948:
946:
942:
941:Thomas Graham
938:
934:
930:
926:
922:
918:
914:
906:
901:
894:
889:
887:
885:
882:) section of
881:
877:
873:
869:
865:
864:Hampton Court
860:
858:
850:
845:
841:
839:
838:Hampton Court
835:
831:
827:
819:
818:Hampton Court
814:
810:
808:
804:
800:
796:
792:
787:
785:
781:
777:
773:
772:Royal Society
769:
764:
760:
756:
752:
744:
743:Royal Society
739:
732:
730:
728:
724:
720:
716:
712:
708:
703:
698:
696:
692:
688:
687:William Dance
684:
680:
679:Royal Society
676:
672:
665:
660:
653:
651:
649:
645:
641:
637:
633:
632:George Riebau
628:
626:
622:
618:
614:
610:
606:
602:
594:
589:
587:
584:
580:
576:
572:
568:
566:
562:
558:
554:
550:
546:
541:
539:
535:
531:
527:
523:
519:
515:
511:
510:Bunsen burner
507:
503:
498:
496:
492:
488:
484:
483:rays of light
481:could affect
480:
476:
472:
468:
464:
460:
459:self-made man
456:
452:
448:
444:
440:
434:
397:
393:
384:
379:
374:
370:
367:
364:
360:
357:
353:
350:
346:
343:
339:
332:
329:
326:
325:Rumford Medal
323:
320:
317:
314:
311:
306:
303:
300:
297:
296:
294:
290:
274:Sarah Barnard
271:
267:
258:
255:
253:
250:
248:
245:
243:
240:
238:
237:MHD converter
235:
233:
230:
228:
225:
223:
220:
218:
215:
213:
210:
208:
207:Faraday wheel
205:
203:
200:
198:
195:
193:
190:
188:
185:
183:
180:
178:
175:
173:
170:
168:
165:
163:
160:
158:
155:
153:
150:
148:
145:
143:
140:
139:
137:
132:
125:
121:
116:
112:
111:Hampton Court
102:
98:
93:
89:
76:
72:
59:
54:
49:
40:
37:
33:
19:
6885:Magneticians
6635:Robert Brown
6626:
6570:
6555:Henry Foster
6535:Peter Barlow
6415:Everard Home
6399:Humphry Davy
6313:non SI units
6307:
6272:Hugo Tetrode
6262:Edwin Hubble
6242:Wilhelm Wien
6193:Josef Stefan
6167:
6148:Isaac Newton
6005:
5986:Pierre Curie
5939:foot-lambert
5710:Nikola Tesla
5660:Isaac Newton
5630:Joseph Henry
5609:
5413:
5388:Faraday disc
5368:Faraday wave
5328:Faraday cage
5303:
5237:John Cadogan
5138:
5119:
5099:
5076:. New York:
5072:
5041:
5022:
4999:
4977:
4951:
4940:
4935:
4926:
4919:
4914:
4897:
4872:
4830:
4809:
4790:Random House
4788:. New York:
4784:
4764:
4742:
4733:
4724:
4715:
4706:
4697:
4688:
4676:. Retrieved
4666:
4657:
4651:
4639:. Retrieved
4633:
4620:
4608:. Retrieved
4576:
4568:the original
4563:
4554:
4544:30 September
4542:. Retrieved
4538:
4529:
4519:30 September
4517:. Retrieved
4507:
4495:. Retrieved
4491:the original
4484:
4475:
4463:. Retrieved
4459:the original
4445:
4433:. Retrieved
4420:
4408:. Retrieved
4398:
4386:. Retrieved
4377:
4371:
4363:
4358:
4344:
4332:. Retrieved
4328:
4319:
4300:
4280:
4275:
4263:. Retrieved
4259:the original
4249:
4227:(8): 30–38.
4224:
4220:
4214:
4199:
4194:
4172:(1): 32–36.
4169:
4165:
4159:
4139:
4132:
4118:
4111:
4100:
4090:
4080:
4072:
4060:
4049:
4040:
4031:
4026:
4018:
4013:
3997:
3992:
3980:. Retrieved
3956:
3950:
3938:. Retrieved
3913:. Retrieved
3904:
3877:
3871:
3861:
3845:
3840:
3824:
3819:
3804:
3797:
3785:. Retrieved
3779:
3770:
3762:
3755:. Retrieved
3751:
3742:
3733:
3727:
3722:
3708:
3699:
3671:
3666:
3650:
3645:
3631:
3619:
3614:, pp. 95–98.
3607:
3595:
3583:
3571:
3559:
3547:
3542:See plate 4.
3527:
3521:
3512:
3494:
3487:. Retrieved
3477:
3452:
3448:
3435:
3416:
3410:
3401:
3397:
3387:
3363:. New York:
3359:
3352:
3329:
3323:
3298:
3294:
3288:
3276:
3265:the original
3244:
3238:
3222:
3210:. Retrieved
3197:
3178:
3174:
3164:
3155:
3150:
3141:
3134:Open Plaques
3133:
3127:
3115:. Retrieved
3111:
3102:
3078:
3071:
3059:
3043:
3038:
3026:. Retrieved
3016:
3008:
2999:
2992:
2980:. Retrieved
2976:
2967:
2957:15 September
2955:. Retrieved
2948:the original
2935:
2923:. Retrieved
2919:the original
2909:
2900:
2884:
2879:
2867:. Retrieved
2863:
2853:
2845:
2832:
2820:
2803:
2791:
2777:
2770:
2756:
2749:
2732:
2728:
2716:
2691:
2683:
2676:Open Plaques
2675:
2669:
2657:. Retrieved
2653:
2644:
2639:, pp. 57–58.
2630:
2614:
2606:
2592:
2587:
2560:
2537:. Retrieved
2527:
2507:
2500:
2492:The Guardian
2491:
2468:
2444:
2436:
2402:
2360:Nikola Tesla
2304:
2284:
2275:
2251:
2241:
2220:
2199:
2187:
2180:3rd ed. 1842
2176:2nd ed. 1830
2170:
2161:
2159:
2142:Online books
2135:
2118:Online books
2108:
2095:
2087:Bibliography
2040: 1850s
1973:
1955:
1949:
1934:
1928:
1922:
1907:
1868:
1842:
1747:
1733:
1709:
1677:. A hall at
1668:
1617:
1585:
1581:
1577:
1573:
1569:
1565:
1561:
1555:
1551:
1547:
1536:
1517:
1489:
1471:. (See also
1466:
1463:River Thames
1456:
1442:
1427:
1373:
1346:
1338:
1319:Faraday cage
1311:
1308:Faraday cage
1297:
1292:ray of light
1289:
1283:
1279:
1272:polarization
1269:
1265:diamagnetism
1262:
1247:Diamagnetism
1221:
1213:electrolysis
1198:
1193:John Daniell
1178:field theory
1158:
1152:
1148:
1144:
1137:Faraday disc
1114:
1108:
1104:
1100:
1096:
1057:
1033:voltaic pile
1030:
1006:
949:
913:Humphry Davy
910:
872:Isaac Newton
861:
854:
823:
788:
748:
699:
671:Humphry Davy
668:
643:
639:
629:
598:
575:Isaac Newton
569:
545:trigonometry
542:
499:
455:electrolysis
451:diamagnetism
391:
390:
362:Institutions
341:
331:Albert Medal
321:(1832, 1838)
319:Copley Medal
315:(1835, 1846)
202:Faraday wave
152:Faraday cage
130:
105:(1867-08-25)
67: 1850s
36:
6760:1867 deaths
6755:1791 births
6543:James South
6471:Henry Kater
6455:James Ivory
6356:(1801–1850)
6256:Bohr radius
6247:Otto Sackur
6026:John Napier
5996:John Dalton
5976:Marie Curie
5775:Peter Debye
5559:Lord Kelvin
5343:Faraday cup
5168:(downloads)
5155:Biographies
4877:. Chicago:
4859:Biographies
4734:www.rsc.org
4610:25 December
4410:8 September
4334:23 February
4046:"No. 21950"
3982:8 September
3940:20 February
3367:. pp.
3365:Basic Books
3212:29 November
2869:6 September
2729:RSA Journal
2659:23 February
2399:Rao, C.N.R.
2254:. G. Bell.
2022: 1826
1950:The writer
1903:Alan Turing
1848:blue plaque
1826:Hawke's Bay
1806:Quebec City
1804:), Canada (
1758:Basingstoke
1712:Shakespeare
1683:transformer
1620:Savoy Place
1608:Savoy Place
1494:of 1851 in
1430:lighthouses
1390: 1853
1237:Joseph Swan
1066:, Davy and
1035:with seven
1021:nanoscience
937:John Dalton
857:Crimean War
763:turned down
702:Sandemanian
648:Jane Marcet
636:Isaac Watts
621:Westmorland
561:capacitance
469:carrying a
313:Royal Medal
162:Faraday cup
6744:Categories
6252:Niels Bohr
6232:Max Planck
5929:Fahrenheit
5730:James Watt
5123:. London:
5070:) (2000).
4834:. London:
4465:17 October
4435:23 October
4265:16 October
3332:. London:
3247:(4): 518.
2925:16 October
2844:'s (1831)
2623:3734011124
2581:required.)
2469:theiet.org
2383:References
1871:Royal Mail
1810:Deep River
1808:, Quebec;
1762:Nottingham
1703:Antarctica
1634:architect
1596:See also:
1453:Royal Mint
1257:dielectric
876:dissenters
759:knighthood
733:Later life
683:John Tatum
654:Adult life
595:Early life
581:Physicist
491:inventions
247:Regelation
242:Premelting
80:1791-09-22
6655:Georg Ohm
6515:John Pond
6140:constants
6138:Physical
5916:customary
5670:Georg Ohm
5584:becquerel
5235:with Sir
4295:. p. 231.
4019:The Times
4008:, p. 236.
3856:. p. 125.
3752:USA Today
3729:The Times
3661:. p. 212.
3626:, p. 100.
3602:, p. 233.
3315:186212922
3301:: 47–74.
3283:, p. 127.
2443:the 1911
2413:. p. 281.
1916:from the
1852:banknotes
1814:The Bronx
1802:Hermsdorf
1790:Stevenage
1786:Aylesbury
1632:brutalist
1509:mesmerism
1496:Hyde Park
1458:The Times
1434:corrosion
1410:coal dust
1398:explosion
1217:magnetism
1205:batteries
994:electrode
907:in London
895:Chemistry
836:house in
786:in 1833.
776:President
727:Islington
723:Barnsbury
590:Biography
526:electrode
479:magnetism
467:conductor
465:around a
376:Signature
356:Chemistry
117:, England
115:Middlesex
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6875:Glasites
6050:roentgen
5927:(degree
5910:Imperial
5769:angstrom
5592:(degree
5402:Lectures
5216:LibriVox
5135:(1965).
5098:(1991).
4941:Faraday.
4920:Faraday.
4912:(1870).
4869:(1971).
4749:, p. 220
4747:Hamilton
4584:Archived
4581:About us
4388:28 March
4308:Archived
3835:. p. 81.
3734:Patience
3624:Thompson
3612:Thompson
3588:Thompson
3578:, p. 95.
3576:Thompson
3552:Hamilton
3230:(2005).
3084:ABC-CLIO
3054:. p. 30.
2895:. p. 81.
2838:Barbican
2815:, p. 59.
2741:41378130
2625:. p. 11.
2613:(2018).
2401:(2000).
2339:See also
1943:and the
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1652:Walworth
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1560:, 1851:
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1259:material
1225:West End
1013:colloids
929:ethylene
917:chlorine
880:Anglican
851:, London
719:Barbican
677:and the
617:Outhgill
559:unit of
131:See list
6060:thomson
6010:faraday
5869:oersted
5859:maxwell
5849:langley
5839:lambert
5819:gilbert
5758:) units
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5694:siemens
5604:coulomb
5594:Celsius
5425:Related
5311:Physics
5264:YouTube
5205:at the
4927:Faraday
4757:Sources
4678:20 July
4641:17 June
4497:19 July
4229:Bibcode
4174:Bibcode
4067:, p. 83
4021:. p. 8.
3882:Bibcode
3496:colors.
3489:25 July
3457:Bibcode
3369:122–123
3249:Bibcode
3117:12 July
3028:17 July
2982:9 April
2798:, p. 17
2654:Answers
2330:by the
2077:Artist
2004:Gallery
1822:Carlton
1782:Swansea
1778:Newbury
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1754:Swindon
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1080:mercury
1017:quantum
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528:" and "
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502:benzene
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6000:dalton
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5829:kayser
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5664:newton
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5553:ampere
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2889:ISBN
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2702:ISBN
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