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desires of his six sons by retelling them a large number of spiritual stories. The first son asks for the daughter of the king of the fairies, the second for the mastery of magic, the third for the cup of
Jamshid, which has the property of displaying the whole world, the fourth for the water of life, the fifth for the ring of Solomon, which has control over fairies and demons, and the sixth for mastering alchemy. Each of these desires is discussed first literally, and shown to be absurd, and then it is explained how there is an esoteric interpretation of each one.
1175:). Like many of his other poems, it is in the mathnawi genre of rhyming couplets. While the mathnawi genre of poetry may use a variety of different metres, Attar adopted a particular meter, that was later imitated by Rumi in his famous Mathnawi-yi Ma’nawi, which then became the mathnawi metre par excellence. The first recorded use of this metre for a mathnawi poem took place at the Nizari Ismaili fortress of Girdkuh between 1131 and 1139. It likely set the stage for later poetry in this style by mystics such as Attar and Rumi.
1634:), a wide-ranging collection of quatrains (2088 in number). In the Mokhtar-nama, a coherent group of mystical and religious subjects is outlined (search for union, sense of uniqueness, distancing from the world, annihilation, amazement, pain, awareness of death, etc.), and an equally rich group of themes typical of lyrical poetry of erotic inspiration adopted by mystical literature (the torment of love, impossible union, beauty of the loved one, stereotypes of the love story as weakness, crying, separation).
243:
1498:, China as used here, is not the geographical China, but the symbol of mystic experience, as inferred from the Hadith (declared weak by Ibn Adee, but still used symbolically by some Sufis): "Seek knowledge; even as far as China". There are many more examples of such subtle symbols and allusions throughout the Mantiq. Within the larger context of the story of the journey of the birds, Attar masterfully tells the reader many didactic short, sweet stories in captivating poetic style.
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purification. In explaining his thoughts, 'Attar uses material not only from specifically Sufi sources but also from older ascetic legacies. Although his heroes are for the most part Sufis and ascetics, he also introduces stories from historical chronicles, collections of anecdotes, and all types of high-esteemed literature. His talent for perception of deeper meanings behind outward appearances enables him to turn details of everyday life into illustrations of his thoughts. The
1444:
panic, and violence. Finally, only thirty birds make it to the abode of
Simorgh. In the end, the birds learn that they themselves are the Simorgh; the name “Simorgh” in Persian means thirty (si) birds (morgh). They eventually come to understand that the majesty of that Beloved is like the sun that can be seen reflected in a mirror. Yet, whoever looks into that mirror will also behold his or her own image.
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is another famous poetic work of Attar, consisting of 6500 verses. In terms of form and content, it has some similarities with Bird
Parliament. The story is about a king who is confronted with the materialistic and worldly demands of his six sons. The King tries to show the temporary and senseless
991:
Attar was probably the son of a prosperous chemist, receiving an excellent education in various fields. While his works say little else about his life, they tell us that he practised the profession of pharmacy and personally attended to a very large number of customers. The people he helped in the
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writes, "When the birds hear the description of these valleys, they bow their heads in distress; some even die of fright right then and there. But despite their trepidations, they begin the great journey. On the way, many perish of thirst, heat or illness, while others fall prey to wild beasts,
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The thoughts depicted in Attar's works reflect the whole evolution of the Sufi movement. The starting point is the idea that the body-bound soul's awaited release and return to its source in the other world can be experienced during the present life in mystic union attainable through inward
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Contemporary
Persian and Classical Persian are the same language, but writers since 1900 are classified as contemporary. At one time, Persian was a common cultural language of much of the non-Arabic Islamic world. Today it is the official language of
1039:
From childhood onward Attar, encouraged by his father, was interested in the Sufis and their sayings and way of life, and regarded their saints as his spiritual guides. At the age of 78, Attar died a violent death in the massacre which the
1698:. Attar's lyrics express the same ideas that are elaborated in his epics. His lyric poetry does not significantly differ from that of his narrative poetry, and the same may be said of the rhetoric and imagery.
2019:, "The three most influential Persian poets of all time, Fariduddin 'Attar, Hakim Sana'i, and Jalaluddin Rumi, were all Muslims, while Persia (Iran) today is over 90 percent Shi'a Muslim", Alpha, p. 48,
1513:, New York. Folio from an illustrated manuscript dated c.1600. Paintings by Habiballah of Sava (active ca. 1590–1610), in ink, opaque watercolour, gold, and silver on paper, dimensions 25,4 x 11,4 cm.
2391:
Memoires from beyond the grave. Vol. 1: Memoires from beyond the grave: 1768 - 1800 / François-René de
Chateaubriand. Introduction by Anka Muhlstein ; Translated from the French by Alex Andriesse
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of Muslim saints and mystics, is Attar's only known prose work. Written and compiled throughout much of his life and published before his death, the compelling account of the execution of the mystic
1349:, which was probably omitted because it is a prose work; its attribution to Attar is scarcely open to question. In its introduction Attar mentions three other works of his, including one entitled
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6. Valley of
Wonderment, where, entranced by the beauty of the Beloved, the Wayfarer becomes perplexed and, steeped in awe, finds that he or she has never known or understood anything.
1104:, which fell well within the scope of his professional expertise as pharmacist. He obviously had no motive for sharing his expert knowledge in the manner customary among court
1682:("Odes"), but they amount to less than one-seventh of the Divan. His Qasidas expound upon mystical and ethical themes and moral precepts. They are sometimes modelled after
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often seem from their outward vocabulary just to be love and wine songs with a predilection for libertine imagery, but generally imply spiritual experiences in the familiar
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5. Valley of Unity, where the
Wayfarer realises that everything is connected and that the Beloved is beyond everything, including harmony, multiplicity, and eternity.
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family and he practised the profession of pharmacist and personally attended to a very large number of customers. He is mentioned by only two of his contemporaries, `
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Attar's masterful use of symbolism is a key, driving component of the poem. This adroit handling of symbolisms and allusions can be seen reflected in these lines:
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7. Valley of
Poverty and Annihilation, where the self disappears into the universe and the Wayfarer becomes timeless, existing in both the past and the future.
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2011:
Ritter, H. (1986), “Attar”, Encyclopaedia of Islam, New Ed., vol. 1: 751-755. Excerpt: "ATTAR, FARID AL-DIN MUHAMMAD B. IBRAHIM.Persian mystical poet.
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pharmacy used to confide their troubles in Attar and this affected him deeply. Eventually, he abandoned his pharmacy store and travelled widely - to
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The hoopoe tells the birds that they have to cross seven valleys in order to reach the abode of
Simorgh. These valleys are as follows:
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4. Valley of
Detachment, where all desires and attachments to the world are given up. Here, what is assumed to be “reality” vanishes.
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with scepticism and dislike. He did not seem to want to reveal the secrets of nature. This is particularly remarkable in the case of
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of Attar's presentations invalidates his works as sources for study of the historical persons whom he introduces. As sources on the
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authors to include leading mystical poets such as Rumi and Attar among their own ranks, became stronger after the introduction of
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views. Rumi has mentioned both of them with the highest esteem several times in his poetry. Rumi praises Attar as follows:
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Information about Attar's life is scarce and has been mythologised over the centuries. However, Attar was born to a
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In the poem, the birds of the world gather to decide who is to be their sovereign, as they have none. The
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1076:. A miniature painting made in the year 1472, is used to illustrate the six poems by Attar of Nishapur.
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his greatness as a mystic, a poet, and a master of narrative was not discovered until the 15th century.
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2067:"A. J. Arberry, "Sufism: An Account of the Mystics ", Courier Dover Publications, Nov 9, 2001. p. 141
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Beside the symbolic use of the Simorgh, the allusion to China is also very significant. According to
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F. Meier, "Der Geistmensch bei dem persischen Dichter `Attar", Eranos-Jahrbuch 13, 1945, pp. 286 ff
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Attar has roamed through the seven cities of love while we have barely turned down the first street.
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illustrating the funeral of the elderly Attar of Nishapur after he was held captive and killed by a
900:. He wrote a collection of lyrical poems and number of long poems in the philosophical tradition of
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2210:“Persian Poetry, Sufism and Ismailism: The Testimony of Khwajah Qasim Tushtari's Recognizing God.”
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1. Valley of the Quest, where the Wayfarer begins by casting aside all dogma, belief, and unbelief.
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1937:. Judge, Harry George., Toyne, Anthony. Oxford : Oxford University Press. 1985–1993. p. 25.
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2311:"The Concourse of the Birds", Folio 11r from a Mantiq al-tair (Language of the Birds), The Met
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his eyes twain, And in time thereafter, Came we in their train" and mentions in another poem:
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2014:
1810:(1936). The Ubuntu Theater Project in Berkeley California premiered an adaptation of Attar's
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Sholeh Wolpé, "The Conference of the Birds" W. W. Norton & Co, 2017, First edition p. 5
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Farīd al-Dīn ʿAṭṭār, in Encyclopædia Britannica, online edition - accessed December 2012.
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It seems that he was not well known as a poet in his own lifetime, except at his home town,
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as evident from the fact that their poetry abounds with praise for the first two caliphs
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R. M. Chopra, 2014, " Great Poets of Classical Persian ", Sparrow Publication, Kolkata (
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It was in China, late one moonless night, The Simorgh first appeared to mortal sight
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2393:. Vol. 1. New York: New York Review of Books. pp. 340, endnote 10, 540.
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in the 16th century and later on underwent a total renovation during the rule of
904:, as well as a prose work with biographies and sayings of famous Muslim mystics.
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1678:("quatrains") in a separate work called the Mokhtar-nama. There are also some
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Deewan-e-Attar in original Persian single pdf file uploaded by javed Hussen
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Chateaubriand, François-René de; Muhlstein, Anka; Andriesse, Alex (2018).
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Although the contemporary sources confirm only Attar's authorship of the
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2254:. Translated by Wolpé, Sholeh (First ed.). New York: W. W. Norton.
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3. Valley of Knowledge, where worldly knowledge becomes utterly useless.
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and their prefaces. One work is missing from these lists, namely the
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Daadbeh, Asghar and Melvin-Koushki, Matthew, “ʿAṭṭār Nīsābūrī”, in:
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A Literary History of Persia from the Earliest Times Until Firdawsi
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2. Valley of Love, where reason is abandoned for the sake of love.
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1774:. Therefore, by profession he was similar to a modern-day town
1335:, there are no grounds for doubting the authenticity of the
241:
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Judging from Attar's writings, he approached the available
1198:), Attar lists the titles of further products of his pen:
2212:
Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society, Series 3 29, no. 1
1922:, Editors-in-Chief: Wilferd Madelung and, Farhad Daftary
2559:
1825:
quoted a line, "Palaces are not built on the sea," in
2323:
The Ilahi Nāma or Book of God of Farid al-Din Attar.
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that all the birds, be they thirty or forty or more,
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Attar travelled through all the seven cities of love
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Can Literature Save the World? On translating Attar
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Manchester: Manchester University Press; pp. 70–74.
1723:were two of the greatest influences on Rumi in his
194:
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126:
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80:
59:
54:
32:
1093:of Sufism, however, his works have immense value.
2348:(1979) by Richard Moore and Peter Sheldon, p. 277
1715:poets of Iran. His works were the inspiration of
1449:If Simorgh unveils its face to you, you will find
1032:- and returned promoting Sufi ideas. Attar was a
2226:quoted in H. Ritter, "Philologika X," pp. 147-53
1044:inflicted on Nishapur in April 1221. Today, his
954:), and according to `Awfi, he was a poet of the
942:. However, all sources confirm that he was from
2662:Inscription of Xerxes the Great in Van Fortress
1729:
1719:and many other mystic poets. Attar, along with
1488:
986:While I am only at the bend of the first alley.
2016:The Complete Idiot's Guide to Rumi Meditations
1746:which he took for his occupation. Attar means
1479:so get over surfaces and delve into mysteries.
1474:The shadow and its maker are one and the same,
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1464:What shadow is ever separated from its maker?
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8:
2108:, 543 pp., Adamant Media Corporation, 2002,
892:who had an immense and lasting influence on
271:
2541:Attar in Encyclopedia Iranica by B. Reinert
1670:) consists almost entirely of poems in the
1459:are but the shadows cast by that unveiling.
1311:He also states, in the introduction of the
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2667:Achaemenid inscription in the Kharg Island
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969:At the same time, the mystic Persian poet
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40:
29:
4668:and one of the two official languages of
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1827:Memoirs from Beyond the Grave, 1768-1800
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1200:
1067:
2051:"Attar and The Conference of the Birds"
1902:
1515:
1167:Attar's most famous poem by far is his
218:
1958:
973:has mentioned: "Attar was the spirit,
5373:13th-century Persian-language writers
5323:12th-century Persian-language writers
2245:
2243:
2241:
2097:
2095:
7:
2361:Critical Essays on Jorge Luis Borges
1821:In an 1822 entry, the French writer
1674:("lyric") form, as he collected his
5363:13th-century Persian-language poets
5358:12th-century Persian-language poets
2290:by Attar, edited and translated by
868:
858:
849:
2456:. Reidel Publishing Company. 1968
2216:https://www.academia.edu/40141803/
2013:Yahiya Emerick (5 February 2008),
25:
2702:Counsels of Adurbad-e Mahrspandan
2560:Attar's works in original Persian
950:(now located in the northeast of
852:), better known by his pen-names
5353:Medieval Iranian pharmacologists
2584:
2335:Daniela Meneghini, "MOḴTĀR-NĀMA"
2235:Ritter, "Philologika XIV," p. 63
1860:
1846:
1711:Attar is one of the most famous
1667:
1631:
1605:
1545:
1536:
1527:
1518:
1369:
1359:
1303:
1291:
1279:
1265:
1253:
1243:
1229:
1217:
1194:
1184:
922:are among his best known works.
791:
4631:Mohammad Ebrahim Bastani Parizi
4062:Mohammad Hanif (Iranian writer)
2571:Panoramic Images of Attar Tombs
2364:. G. K. Hall & Co. p.
1934:Oxford illustrated encyclopedia
175:and many other later Sufi Poets
84:c. 1221 (aged 75–76)
3702:Mahmoud Mosharraf Azad Tehrani
2722:Karnamak-i Artaxshir-i Papakan
1823:François-René de Chateaubriand
835:Abū Ḥāmid bin Abū Bakr Ibrāhīm
272:
1:
3810:Mohammad-Reza Shafiei Kadkani
3050:Abu'l Hasan Mihyar al-Daylami
2454:History of Iranian Literature
2321:Boyle, J. A. (trans.) (1976)
2294:, W. W. Norton & Co 2017
2250:ʻAṭṭār, Farīd al-Dīn (2017).
2185:, 302 pp., SUNY Press, 1994,
1762:, and during his lifetime in
1155:as the state religion in the
838:
63:
5378:Poets from the Seljuk Empire
5368:12th-century Iranian writers
2183:Deciphering the Signs of God
1802:used a summary reference to
3513:Mohammad Qoli Salim Tehrani
2583:(public domain audiobooks)
2548:. A biography by Professor
2505:The Conference of the Birds
2422:The Conference of the Birds
2288:The Conference of the Birds
2252:The conference of the birds
1812:The Conference of the Birds
1808:The Approach to Al-Mu'tasim
1804:The Conference of the Birds
1504:The Conference of the Birds
1385:The Conference of the Birds
946:, a major city of medieval
907:The Conference of the Birds
208:The Conference of the Birds
5404:
3591:Mirza Mohammad Taqi Sepehr
2577:Works by Attar of Nishapur
2562:at Ganjoor Persian Library
2439:Literary History of Persia
1818:, in Oakland, California.
1589:
1558:
1511:Metropolitan Museum of Art
1382:
4657:
3815:Mohammad-Hossein Shahriar
3635:
3624:
3351:Emad al-Din Faqih Kermani
2806:
2795:
2742:Shahrestanha-ye Eranshahr
2692:
2679:
2642:
2629:
2496:Attar, the Sufi, the poet
850:ابوحمید بن ابوبکر ابراهیم
39:
4230:Mirza Fatali Akhundzadeh
3273:Zartosht Bahram e Pazhdo
3096:Shahab al-Din Suhrawardi
2992:Fakhruddin As'ad Gurgani
2652:Old Persian inscriptions
2358:Alazraki, Jaime (1987).
1770:and drugs were based on
1646:A miniature painting by
1315:, that he destroyed the
1178:In the introductions of
1143:mysticism. According to
5282:Ahmad ibn Nizam al-Mulk
5262:Minhaj al-Siraj Juzjani
4580:Houshang Moradi Kermani
4184:Houshang Moradi Kermani
4179:Jaafar Modarres-Sadeghi
4164:Mohammad-Ali Jamalzadeh
4075:Zeyn al-Abedin Maraghei
3575:Zayn al-Abidin Shirvani
3549:Abbas Foroughi Bastami
2554:University of Minnesota
1886:Mir Sayyid Ali Hamadani
1169:Conference of the Birds
1074:Sultan Mahmud of Ghazni
5388:Iranian Muslim mystics
5212:Abu'l-Ma'ali Nasrallah
5207:Abu'l-Hasan Isfarayini
4893:Abu Dawud al-Sijistani
4032:Ghassem Hashemi Nezhad
3583:Reza-Qoli Khan Hedayat
3204:Shams al-Din Qays Razi
2947:Khwaja Abdullah Ansari
2500:World Literature Today
1965:: CS1 maint: others (
1920:Encyclopaedia Islamica
1835:Le Livre des Conseils.
1735:
1655:
1492:
1317:Jawāhir-Nāma' and the
1208:
1139:- who are detested by
1077:
961:According to Reinert:
919:Memorial of the Saints
246:
202:Memorial of the Saints
139:Khwaja Abdullah Ansari
5109:Abu Sa'id Abu'l-Khayr
4993:Ibn Tayfour Sajawandi
4821:Sharaf al-Din al-Tusi
4731:Abu Ma'shar al-Balkhi
4568:Children's literature
4425:Rasoul Mollagholipour
4315:Rakhshan Bani-E'temad
4258:Gholam-Hossein Sa'edi
4253:Alireza Koushk Jalali
4199:Gholam-Hossein Sa'edi
4085:Shahriyar Mandanipour
3327:Shah Ni'matullah Wali
3171:Kamal al-Din Esfahani
3012:Ayn-al-Quzat Hamadani
2783:Shikand-gumanig Vizar
2766:Anthology of Zadspram
2531:Words Without Borders
1694:of classical Islamic
1645:
1204:
1147:, the tendency among
1098:Aristotelian heritage
1072:Ayaz kneeling before
1071:
245:
46:Bust of Attar at his
5217:Abu Muslim Khorasani
4923:Abu Qasim Samarqandi
4913:Abu Layth Samarqandi
4811:Nasir al-Din al-Tusi
4786:Abu Ja'far al-Khazin
4465:Sohrab Shahid-Saless
4330:Pouran Derakhshandeh
4310:Mohammad Reza Aslani
4248:Amir Reza Koohestani
4007:Ali Mohammad Afghani
3677:Mohammad Reza Aslani
3606:Mahmud Saba Kashani
3342:Fazlallah Astarabadi
3218:Afdal al-Din Kashani
3213:Nasīr al-Dīn al-Tūsī
3163:Fakhr al-Din al-Razi
3045:Afdal al-Din Kashani
2859:Abu Tahir Khosrovani
2647:Behistun Inscription
1999:Encyclopædia Iranica
1909:Encyclopedia Iranica
1806:in his short story,
1373:), remains unknown.
1028:, meeting with Sufi
147:Abu-Sa'id Abul-Khayr
119:, and especially by
5383:Iranian biographers
5348:Sufis from Nishapur
5343:Poets from Nishapur
5333:Iranian pharmacists
4390:Varuzh Karim-Masihi
4129:Abolhassan Etessami
4047:Mahmoud Dowlatabadi
3899:Abdul Ali Mustaghni
3884:Khalilullah Khalili
3824:Manouchehr Sheybani
3800:Tahereh Saffarzadeh
3707:Mohammad-Taqi Bahar
3664:Mehdi Akhavan-Sales
3306:Zu'l-Fiqar Shirvani
3151:Faramarz-e Khodadad
2737:Shabuhragan of Mani
2546:Attar, Farid ad-Din
2087:Farid al-Din `Attar
1567:Tadhkirat-ul-Awliyā
1561:Tadhkirat al-Awliya
1555:Tadhkirat-ul-Awliyā
1346:Tadhkirat-ul-Awliyā
1137:Umar ibn al-Khattāb
5202:Abu'l-Fadl Bayhaqi
5083:Tha'labi Nishapuri
4898:Abu Barakat Nasafi
4726:Abu Hatam Isfizari
4534:Ebrahim Pourdavoud
4519:Ahmad Kamyabi Mask
4489:Najaf Daryabandari
4350:Behrouz Gharibpour
4194:Shahrnush Parsipur
4169:Aboutorab Khosravi
4071:Aboutorab Khosravi
3935:Gulrukhsor Safieva
3853:Edward Haghverdian
3517:Rasa Salim Tehrani
3236:Abu'l Majd Tabrizi
3223:Fakhr-al-Din Iraqi
2879:Abusaeid Abolkheir
2818:Muhammad ibn Wasif
2773:Zand-i Wahman yasn
2732:Dana-i Menog Khrat
2717:Book of Arda Viraf
2623:Persian literature
2179:Annemarie Schimmel
2134:Taḏkerat al-Awliyā
1794:In popular culture
1656:
1509:Collection at the
1321:with his own hand.
1209:
1145:Annemarie Schimmel
1078:
1052:. It was built by
913:The Book of Divine
880:, theoretician of
876:), was an Iranian
864:ʿAṭṭār of Nishapur
251:Abdul Qadir Gilani
247:
181:Tradition or genre
101:Mausoleum of Attar
91:Khwarezmian Empire
18:Farid al-Din Attar
5308:Attar of Nishapur
5295:
5294:
5257:Khalid ibn Barmak
5232:Ata-Malik Juvayni
5195:political figures
5102:Poets and artists
4958:Fatima Samarqandi
4862:Haji Bektash Veli
4741:Abu Ubayd Juzjani
4677:
4676:
4653:
4652:
4649:
4648:
4600:Farhad Hasanzadeh
4539:Hamid Samandarian
4480:Amrollah Abjadian
4445:Fereydoun Rahnema
4410:Mohsen Makhmalbaf
4395:Samuel Khachikian
4380:Ebrahim Hatamikia
4291:Mohammad Yaghoubi
4287:Mirza Aqa Tabrizi
4154:Houshang Golshiri
4067:Houshang Golshiri
4027:Mahshid Amirshahi
4012:Ghazaleh Alizadeh
3995:
3994:
3930:Abolqasem Lahouti
3925:Iskandar Khatloni
3838:Fereydoon Moshiri
3785:Mohammad Mokhtari
3745:Forugh Farrokhzad
3697:Manouchehr Atashi
3620:
3619:
3616:
3615:
3609:
3603:
3595:
3587:
3579:
3571:
3552:
3541:
3504:
3500:Abdul-Qādir Bēdil
3493:
3480:
3472:
3443:
3439:Muhtasham Kashani
3435:
3411:
3403:
3395:
3291:Nozhat al-Majales
3287:
3245:
3232:
3228:Mahmud Shabistari
3195:Abu Tahir Tarsusi
3180:
3167:
3159:
3148:
3140:
3132:
3100:
3081:Suzani Samarqandi
3025:Abu-al-Faraj Runi
3016:
2988:
2980:
2976:Masud Sa'd Salman
2972:
2964:
2951:
2943:
2935:
2891:
2883:
2854:Abu Shakur Balkhi
2791:
2790:
2727:Cube of Zoroaster
2697:Ayadgar-i Zariran
2675:
2674:
2523:, at archive.org.
2480:978-81-89140-75-5
2430:978-0-393-29218-3
2400:978-1-68137-129-0
2300:978-0-393-29218-3
2199:978-0-7914-1982-3
2122:978-1-4021-6045-5
1881:The Seven Valleys
1831:Silvestre de Sacy
1800:Jorge Luis Borges
1798:Argentine writer
1707:Influence on Rumi
1692:symbolic language
1247:), also known as
902:Islamic mysticism
832:
831:
274:Al-Insān al-Kāmil
214:
213:
112:Venerated in
34:Attar of Nishapur
27:Persian Sufi poet
16:(Redirected from
5395:
5287:Shihab al-Nasawi
5272:Tahir ibn Husayn
5144:Farrukhi Sistani
5119:Aruzi Samarqandi
4918:Abu Mu'in Nasafi
4886:Islamic scholars
4704:
4697:
4690:
4681:
4621:Aydin Aghdashloo
4450:Rasul Sadr Ameli
4440:Kambuzia Partovi
4400:Abbas Kiarostami
4385:Abdolreza Kahani
4365:Ebrahim Golestan
4345:Farrokh Ghaffari
4340:Bahman Farmanara
4273:Abbas Nalbandian
4149:Ebrahim Golestan
4116:Jalal Al-e-Ahmad
4052:Soudabeh Fazaeli
3950:Mirzo Tursunzoda
3945:Payrav Sulaymoni
3780:Shams Langeroodi
3736:Parviz Eslampour
3692:Aminollah Rezaei
3659:Ahmadreza Ahmadi
3650:
3637:
3626:
3607:
3601:
3593:
3585:
3577:
3569:
3550:
3539:
3508:Naw'i Khabushani
3502:
3491:
3478:
3470:
3441:
3433:
3409:
3401:
3393:
3337:Abu Ali Qalandar
3285:
3243:
3230:
3178:
3165:
3157:
3146:
3138:
3126:
3119:Najm al-Din Razi
3098:
3014:
2986:
2978:
2970:
2962:
2949:
2941:
2933:
2889:
2881:
2808:
2797:
2762:Dadestan-i Denig
2681:
2631:
2616:
2609:
2602:
2593:
2588:
2587:
2536:A few wikiquotes
2507:, translated by
2405:
2404:
2386:
2380:
2379:
2355:
2349:
2343:
2337:
2332:
2326:
2319:
2313:
2308:
2302:
2285:
2274:
2273:
2247:
2236:
2233:
2227:
2224:
2218:
2208:
2202:
2176:
2170:
2169:, pp. 50, 794 ff
2164:
2158:
2152:
2146:
2143:
2137:
2136:; pp. 1,55,23 ff
2131:
2125:
2102:Edward G. Browne
2099:
2090:
2083:
2077:
2074:
2068:
2065:
2059:
2058:
2053:. Archived from
2047:
2041:
2036:
2030:
2029:
2009:
2003:
2002:, Online Edition
1990:
1971:
1970:
1964:
1956:
1929:
1923:
1916:
1910:
1907:
1870:
1865:
1864:
1856:
1851:
1850:
1849:
1578:Mansur al-Hallaj
1549:
1540:
1531:
1522:
1372:
1365:Maʿrifat al-Nafs
1362:
1306:
1294:
1282:
1268:
1256:
1249:Maqāmāt-uṭ-Ṭuyūr
1246:
1232:
1220:
1197:
1187:
1113:Edward G. Browne
871:
870:
861:
860:
851:
843:
840:
824:
817:
810:
798:Islam portal
796:
795:
794:
729:Topics in Sufism
401:Sufi metaphysics
277:
276:
236:
230:
229:
216:
197:
143:Mansur Al-Hallaj
68:
65:
44:
30:
21:
5403:
5402:
5398:
5397:
5396:
5394:
5393:
5392:
5298:
5297:
5296:
5291:
5242:Abu Ali Bal'ami
5227:Ali-Shir Nava'i
5194:
5188:
5129:Attar Nishapuri
5097:
4978:Hakim Nishapuri
4908:Abu Hafs Nasafi
4881:
4830:
4746:Abu Zayd Balkhi
4714:
4708:
4678:
4673:
4645:
4636:Ehsan Yarshater
4609:
4595:Poopak NikTalab
4563:
4554:Ahmad Tafazzoli
4469:
4460:Parviz Shahbazi
4415:Dariush Mehrjui
4375:Abolfazl Jalili
4295:
4213:
4174:Mostafa Mastoor
4139:Simin Daneshvar
4104:
4100:Iraj Pezeshkzad
4095:Mansour Koushan
4042:Simin Daneshvar
3991:
3975:
3959:
3903:
3857:
3841:
3832:She'r-e Nimaa'i
3795:Yadollah Royaee
3770:Siavash Kasraie
3750:Hossein Monzavi
3740:Parvin E'tesami
3727:Hushang Ebtehaj
3717:Simin Behbahani
3672:Qeysar Aminpour
3648:
3631:
3612:
3555:
3545:Neshat Esfahani
3520:
3476:Asir-e Esfahani
3451:
3419:
3354:
3310:
3263:Bahram-e-Pazhdo
3200:Awhadi Maraghai
3183:
3109:Falaki Shirvani
3086:Hassan Ghaznavi
3064:
3060:Mahsati Ganjavi
3020:Uthman Mukhtari
2914:
2822:
2802:
2787:
2778:Drakht-i Asurig
2688:
2671:
2638:
2625:
2620:
2585:
2514:Bird Parliament
2491:
2489:
2414:
2409:
2408:
2401:
2388:
2387:
2383:
2376:
2357:
2356:
2352:
2344:
2340:
2333:
2329:
2320:
2316:
2309:
2305:
2286:
2277:
2262:
2249:
2248:
2239:
2234:
2230:
2225:
2221:
2214:(2019): 17–49.
2209:
2205:
2177:
2173:
2165:
2161:
2153:
2149:
2144:
2140:
2132:
2128:
2100:
2093:
2085:Iraj Bashiri, "
2084:
2080:
2075:
2071:
2066:
2062:
2049:
2048:
2044:
2037:
2033:
2027:
2012:
2010:
2006:
1991:
1974:
1957:
1945:
1931:
1930:
1926:
1917:
1913:
1908:
1904:
1899:
1866:
1859:
1852:
1847:
1845:
1842:
1796:
1786:also refers to
1740:
1738:As a pharmacist
1709:
1704:
1640:
1621:
1594:
1588:
1563:
1557:
1550:
1541:
1532:
1523:
1507:
1387:
1381:
1165:
1066:
1054:Ali-Shir Nava'i
928:
841:
828:
792:
790:
785:
784:
730:
722:
721:
702:
694:
693:
664:Haqqani Anjuman
504:
494:
493:
449:
441:
440:
416:Sufi psychology
406:Sufi philosophy
262:
254:
253:, Baghdad, Iraq
232:
231:
220:
219:
205:
195:
182:
173:Ali-Shir Nava'i
151:Bayazid Bastami
85:
69:
66:
50:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
5401:
5399:
5391:
5390:
5385:
5380:
5375:
5370:
5365:
5360:
5355:
5350:
5345:
5340:
5335:
5330:
5325:
5320:
5315:
5310:
5300:
5299:
5293:
5292:
5290:
5289:
5284:
5279:
5274:
5269:
5264:
5259:
5254:
5252:Ibn Khordadbeh
5249:
5244:
5239:
5234:
5229:
5224:
5219:
5214:
5209:
5204:
5198:
5196:
5193:Historians and
5190:
5189:
5187:
5186:
5181:
5176:
5171:
5166:
5161:
5156:
5151:
5146:
5141:
5136:
5131:
5126:
5121:
5116:
5111:
5105:
5103:
5099:
5098:
5096:
5095:
5090:
5085:
5080:
5075:
5070:
5065:
5060:
5055:
5050:
5045:
5040:
5035:
5030:
5025:
5020:
5015:
5010:
5005:
5000:
4995:
4990:
4985:
4980:
4975:
4973:Hakim Tirmidhi
4970:
4965:
4960:
4955:
4950:
4945:
4940:
4935:
4930:
4925:
4920:
4915:
4910:
4905:
4900:
4895:
4889:
4887:
4883:
4882:
4880:
4879:
4874:
4869:
4864:
4859:
4854:
4849:
4844:
4838:
4836:
4832:
4831:
4829:
4828:
4823:
4818:
4813:
4808:
4803:
4798:
4793:
4788:
4783:
4778:
4773:
4768:
4763:
4758:
4753:
4748:
4743:
4738:
4733:
4728:
4722:
4720:
4716:
4715:
4709:
4707:
4706:
4699:
4692:
4684:
4675:
4674:
4658:
4655:
4654:
4651:
4650:
4647:
4646:
4644:
4643:
4638:
4633:
4628:
4623:
4617:
4615:
4611:
4610:
4608:
4607:
4605:Ramak NikTalab
4602:
4597:
4592:
4590:Hengameh Mofid
4587:
4585:Babak NikTalab
4582:
4577:
4575:Samad Behrangi
4571:
4569:
4565:
4564:
4562:
4561:
4556:
4551:
4546:
4541:
4536:
4531:
4526:
4521:
4516:
4514:Saleh Hosseini
4511:
4509:Ramak NikTalab
4506:
4504:Sadegh Hedayat
4501:
4496:
4494:Mohammad Ghazi
4491:
4486:
4484:Jaleh Amouzgar
4481:
4477:
4475:
4471:
4470:
4468:
4467:
4462:
4457:
4455:Mohammad Sadri
4452:
4447:
4442:
4437:
4432:
4427:
4422:
4420:Reza Mirkarimi
4417:
4412:
4407:
4402:
4397:
4392:
4387:
4382:
4377:
4372:
4367:
4362:
4357:
4355:Bahman Ghobadi
4352:
4347:
4342:
4337:
4335:Asghar Farhadi
4332:
4327:
4325:Hajir Darioush
4322:
4317:
4312:
4307:
4303:
4301:
4297:
4296:
4294:
4293:
4288:
4285:
4280:
4275:
4270:
4268:Hengameh Mofid
4265:
4260:
4255:
4250:
4245:
4240:
4235:
4234:Mohsen Yalfani
4232:
4227:
4221:
4219:
4215:
4214:
4212:
4211:
4206:
4204:Bahram Sadeghi
4201:
4196:
4191:
4186:
4181:
4176:
4171:
4166:
4161:
4159:Sadegh Hedayat
4156:
4151:
4146:
4144:Nader Ebrahimi
4141:
4136:
4131:
4126:
4121:
4118:
4112:
4110:
4106:
4105:
4103:
4102:
4097:
4092:
4087:
4082:
4077:
4072:
4069:
4064:
4059:
4054:
4049:
4044:
4039:
4034:
4029:
4024:
4022:Reza Amirkhani
4019:
4014:
4009:
4003:
4001:
3997:
3996:
3993:
3992:
3990:
3989:
3987:Muhammad Iqbal
3983:
3981:
3977:
3976:
3974:
3973:
3967:
3965:
3961:
3960:
3958:
3957:
3955:Satim Ulugzade
3952:
3947:
3942:
3937:
3932:
3927:
3922:
3917:
3915:Sadriddin Ayni
3911:
3909:
3905:
3904:
3902:
3901:
3896:
3894:Massoud Nawabi
3891:
3889:Youssof Kohzad
3886:
3881:
3876:
3874:Wasef Bakhtari
3871:
3865:
3863:
3859:
3858:
3856:
3855:
3849:
3847:
3843:
3842:
3840:
3835:
3825:
3822:
3817:
3812:
3807:
3805:Sohrab Sepehri
3802:
3797:
3792:
3790:Nosrat Rahmani
3787:
3782:
3777:
3772:
3767:
3762:
3757:
3752:
3747:
3742:
3737:
3734:
3729:
3724:
3719:
3714:
3709:
3704:
3699:
3694:
3689:
3687:Ahmad NikTalab
3684:
3679:
3674:
3669:
3668:Hormoz Alipour
3666:
3661:
3656:
3654:
3647:
3646:
3643:
3641:
3633:
3632:
3629:
3622:
3621:
3618:
3617:
3614:
3613:
3611:
3610:
3604:
3596:
3588:
3580:
3572:
3563:
3561:
3557:
3556:
3554:
3553:
3547:
3542:
3534:
3532:Hatef Esfahani
3528:
3526:
3522:
3521:
3519:
3518:
3515:
3510:
3505:
3497:
3494:
3486:
3481:
3479:(c. 1620–1648)
3473:
3465:
3459:
3457:
3453:
3452:
3450:
3449:
3444:
3436:
3427:
3425:
3421:
3420:
3418:
3417:
3412:
3404:
3396:
3388:
3386:Kamal Khujandi
3383:
3378:
3373:
3368:
3362:
3360:
3356:
3355:
3353:
3352:
3349:
3344:
3339:
3334:
3329:
3324:
3318:
3316:
3312:
3311:
3309:
3308:
3303:
3298:
3296:Khwaju Kermani
3293:
3288:
3280:
3275:
3270:
3265:
3260:
3246:
3238:
3233:
3225:
3220:
3215:
3210:
3205:
3202:
3197:
3191:
3189:
3185:
3184:
3182:
3181:
3173:
3168:
3160:
3155:Nizami Ganjavi
3152:
3149:
3141:
3133:
3121:
3116:
3111:
3106:
3101:
3093:
3088:
3083:
3078:
3072:
3070:
3066:
3065:
3063:
3062:
3057:
3052:
3047:
3042:
3037:
3032:
3027:
3022:
3017:
3009:
3004:
2999:
2994:
2989:
2981:
2973:
2965:
2960:Qatran Tabrizi
2957:
2952:
2944:
2936:
2928:
2922:
2920:
2916:
2915:
2913:
2912:
2907:
2902:
2897:
2892:
2884:
2876:
2871:
2866:
2861:
2856:
2851:
2841:
2836:
2830:
2828:
2824:
2823:
2821:
2820:
2814:
2812:
2804:
2803:
2800:
2793:
2792:
2789:
2788:
2786:
2785:
2780:
2775:
2770:
2767:
2764:
2759:
2754:
2749:
2744:
2739:
2734:
2729:
2724:
2719:
2714:
2712:Book of Jamasp
2709:
2704:
2699:
2693:
2690:
2689:
2684:
2677:
2676:
2673:
2672:
2670:
2669:
2664:
2659:
2654:
2649:
2643:
2640:
2639:
2634:
2627:
2626:
2621:
2619:
2618:
2611:
2604:
2596:
2590:
2589:
2574:
2568:
2563:
2557:
2543:
2538:
2533:
2524:
2521:Manṭiq-uṭ-Ṭayr
2511:
2502:
2488:
2487:External links
2485:
2484:
2483:
2472:
2450:
2432:
2413:
2410:
2407:
2406:
2399:
2381:
2374:
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2219:
2203:
2171:
2159:
2147:
2138:
2126:
2091:
2078:
2069:
2060:
2057:on 2021-08-16.
2042:
2031:
2025:
2004:
1972:
1943:
1924:
1911:
1901:
1900:
1898:
1895:
1894:
1893:
1891:Sheikh San'Aan
1888:
1883:
1878:
1872:
1871:
1857:
1841:
1838:
1795:
1792:
1739:
1736:
1708:
1705:
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1700:
1639:
1636:
1620:
1615:
1590:Main article:
1587:
1582:
1559:Main article:
1556:
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1535:
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1383:Main article:
1380:
1378:Manṭiq-uṭ-Ṭayr
1375:
1332:Manṭiq-uṭ-Ṭayr
1309:
1308:
1296:
1284:
1270:
1258:
1238:Manṭiq-uṭ-Ṭayr
1234:
1222:
1206:Manṭiq-uṭ-Ṭayr
1173:Mantiq al-tayr
1164:
1161:
1157:Safavid Empire
1065:
1062:
1048:is located in
927:
924:
894:Persian poetry
872:, Attar means
830:
829:
827:
826:
819:
812:
804:
801:
800:
787:
786:
783:
782:
777:
772:
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757:
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731:
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723:
720:
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714:
712:Notable modern
709:
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692:
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681:
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581:
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566:
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541:
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531:
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486:
481:
476:
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450:
447:
446:
443:
442:
439:
438:
433:
428:
423:
418:
413:
408:
403:
398:
396:Sufi cosmology
393:
388:
383:
378:
373:
368:
363:
358:
353:
348:
343:
338:
333:
328:
323:
318:
313:
308:
303:
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293:
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212:
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183:
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153:
128:
124:
123:
113:
109:
108:
98:
94:
93:
82:
78:
77:
61:
57:
56:
52:
51:
45:
37:
36:
33:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5400:
5389:
5386:
5384:
5381:
5379:
5376:
5374:
5371:
5369:
5366:
5364:
5361:
5359:
5356:
5354:
5351:
5349:
5346:
5344:
5341:
5339:
5336:
5334:
5331:
5329:
5328:Iranian Sufis
5326:
5324:
5321:
5319:
5316:
5314:
5311:
5309:
5306:
5305:
5303:
5288:
5285:
5283:
5280:
5278:
5277:Yahya Barmaki
5275:
5273:
5270:
5268:
5267:Nizam al-Mulk
5265:
5263:
5260:
5258:
5255:
5253:
5250:
5248:
5245:
5243:
5240:
5238:
5235:
5233:
5230:
5228:
5225:
5223:
5220:
5218:
5215:
5213:
5210:
5208:
5205:
5203:
5200:
5199:
5197:
5191:
5185:
5182:
5180:
5177:
5175:
5172:
5170:
5167:
5165:
5164:Nasir Khusraw
5162:
5160:
5157:
5155:
5152:
5150:
5147:
5145:
5142:
5140:
5137:
5135:
5132:
5130:
5127:
5125:
5122:
5120:
5117:
5115:
5112:
5110:
5107:
5106:
5104:
5100:
5094:
5091:
5089:
5086:
5084:
5081:
5079:
5076:
5074:
5071:
5069:
5066:
5064:
5061:
5059:
5056:
5054:
5051:
5049:
5046:
5044:
5041:
5039:
5036:
5034:
5031:
5029:
5028:Mulla al-Qari
5026:
5024:
5021:
5019:
5016:
5014:
5011:
5009:
5006:
5004:
5001:
4999:
4996:
4994:
4991:
4989:
4986:
4984:
4981:
4979:
4976:
4974:
4971:
4969:
4966:
4964:
4961:
4959:
4956:
4954:
4951:
4949:
4946:
4944:
4941:
4939:
4936:
4934:
4931:
4929:
4926:
4924:
4921:
4919:
4916:
4914:
4911:
4909:
4906:
4904:
4901:
4899:
4896:
4894:
4891:
4890:
4888:
4884:
4878:
4875:
4873:
4870:
4868:
4867:Nasir Khusraw
4865:
4863:
4860:
4858:
4855:
4853:
4850:
4848:
4845:
4843:
4840:
4839:
4837:
4833:
4827:
4824:
4822:
4819:
4817:
4814:
4812:
4809:
4807:
4804:
4802:
4799:
4797:
4794:
4792:
4789:
4787:
4784:
4782:
4779:
4777:
4776:Hasib Marwazi
4774:
4772:
4769:
4767:
4764:
4762:
4759:
4757:
4754:
4752:
4749:
4747:
4744:
4742:
4739:
4737:
4734:
4732:
4729:
4727:
4724:
4723:
4721:
4717:
4713:
4705:
4700:
4698:
4693:
4691:
4686:
4685:
4682:
4671:
4667:
4663:
4656:
4642:
4641:Ahmad Kasravi
4639:
4637:
4634:
4632:
4629:
4627:
4626:Ali Latifiyan
4624:
4622:
4619:
4618:
4616:
4612:
4606:
4603:
4601:
4598:
4596:
4593:
4591:
4588:
4586:
4583:
4581:
4578:
4576:
4573:
4572:
4570:
4566:
4560:
4557:
4555:
4552:
4550:
4549:Jafar Shahidi
4547:
4545:
4544:Jalal Sattari
4542:
4540:
4537:
4535:
4532:
4530:
4529:Mohammad Moin
4527:
4525:
4524:Ahmad Shamlou
4522:
4520:
4517:
4515:
4512:
4510:
4507:
4505:
4502:
4500:
4499:Lili Golestan
4497:
4495:
4492:
4490:
4487:
4485:
4482:
4479:
4478:
4476:
4472:
4466:
4463:
4461:
4458:
4456:
4453:
4451:
4448:
4446:
4443:
4441:
4438:
4436:
4433:
4431:
4428:
4426:
4423:
4421:
4418:
4416:
4413:
4411:
4408:
4406:
4403:
4401:
4398:
4396:
4393:
4391:
4388:
4386:
4383:
4381:
4378:
4376:
4373:
4371:
4368:
4366:
4363:
4361:
4360:Fereydun Gole
4358:
4356:
4353:
4351:
4348:
4346:
4343:
4341:
4338:
4336:
4333:
4331:
4328:
4326:
4323:
4321:
4320:Bahram Beyzai
4318:
4316:
4313:
4311:
4308:
4306:Saeed Aghighi
4305:
4304:
4302:
4298:
4292:
4289:
4286:
4284:
4281:
4279:
4276:
4274:
4271:
4269:
4266:
4264:
4261:
4259:
4256:
4254:
4251:
4249:
4246:
4244:
4241:
4239:
4238:Bahram Beyzai
4236:
4233:
4231:
4228:
4226:
4223:
4222:
4220:
4216:
4210:
4207:
4205:
4202:
4200:
4197:
4195:
4192:
4190:
4187:
4185:
4182:
4180:
4177:
4175:
4172:
4170:
4167:
4165:
4162:
4160:
4157:
4155:
4152:
4150:
4147:
4145:
4142:
4140:
4137:
4135:
4132:
4130:
4127:
4125:
4122:
4119:
4117:
4114:
4113:
4111:
4109:Short stories
4107:
4101:
4098:
4096:
4093:
4091:
4090:Abbas Maroufi
4088:
4086:
4083:
4081:
4080:Ahmad Mahmoud
4078:
4076:
4073:
4070:
4068:
4065:
4063:
4060:
4058:
4057:Reza Ghassemi
4055:
4053:
4050:
4048:
4045:
4043:
4040:
4038:
4037:Reza Baraheni
4035:
4033:
4030:
4028:
4025:
4023:
4020:
4018:
4015:
4013:
4010:
4008:
4005:
4004:
4002:
3998:
3988:
3985:
3984:
3982:
3978:
3972:
3969:
3968:
3966:
3962:
3956:
3953:
3951:
3948:
3946:
3943:
3941:
3940:Loiq Sher-Ali
3938:
3936:
3933:
3931:
3928:
3926:
3923:
3921:
3918:
3916:
3913:
3912:
3910:
3906:
3900:
3897:
3895:
3892:
3890:
3887:
3885:
3882:
3880:
3877:
3875:
3872:
3870:
3869:Nadia Anjuman
3867:
3866:
3864:
3860:
3854:
3851:
3850:
3848:
3844:
3839:
3836:
3833:
3829:
3826:
3823:
3821:
3820:Ahmad Shamlou
3818:
3816:
3813:
3811:
3808:
3806:
3803:
3801:
3798:
3796:
3793:
3791:
3788:
3786:
3783:
3781:
3778:
3776:
3773:
3771:
3768:
3766:
3763:
3761:
3758:
3756:
3755:Hushang Irani
3753:
3751:
3748:
3746:
3743:
3741:
3738:
3735:
3733:
3730:
3728:
3725:
3723:
3720:
3718:
3715:
3713:
3712:Reza Baraheni
3710:
3708:
3705:
3703:
3700:
3698:
3695:
3693:
3690:
3688:
3685:
3683:
3680:
3678:
3675:
3673:
3670:
3667:
3665:
3662:
3660:
3657:
3655:
3651:
3645:
3644:
3642:
3638:
3634:
3627:
3623:
3605:
3600:
3597:
3592:
3589:
3584:
3581:
3576:
3573:
3568:
3565:
3564:
3562:
3558:
3548:
3546:
3543:
3538:
3535:
3533:
3530:
3529:
3527:
3523:
3516:
3514:
3511:
3509:
3506:
3501:
3498:
3495:
3490:
3487:
3485:
3484:Kalim Kashani
3482:
3477:
3474:
3469:
3466:
3464:
3461:
3460:
3458:
3454:
3448:
3447:'Orfi Shirazi
3445:
3440:
3437:
3432:
3429:
3428:
3426:
3422:
3416:
3413:
3408:
3405:
3400:
3397:
3392:
3389:
3387:
3384:
3382:
3379:
3377:
3374:
3372:
3371:Salman Savaji
3369:
3367:
3364:
3363:
3361:
3357:
3350:
3348:
3345:
3343:
3340:
3338:
3335:
3333:
3330:
3328:
3325:
3323:
3320:
3319:
3317:
3313:
3307:
3304:
3302:
3301:Badr Shirvani
3299:
3297:
3294:
3292:
3289:
3284:
3283:Homam Tabrizi
3281:
3279:
3276:
3274:
3271:
3269:
3268:Pur-Baha Jami
3266:
3264:
3261:
3258:
3254:
3250:
3247:
3242:
3239:
3237:
3234:
3229:
3226:
3224:
3221:
3219:
3216:
3214:
3211:
3209:
3206:
3203:
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869:عطار نیشاپوری
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97:Resting place
95:
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75:Seljuk Empire
72:
62:
58:
53:
49:
43:
38:
31:
19:
5318:1220s deaths
5313:1140s births
5169:Rabia Balkhi
5128:
4835:Philosophers
4816:Omar Khayyam
4559:Abbas Zaryab
4435:Jafar Panahi
4405:Majid Majidi
4243:Bahman Forsi
4209:Goli Taraqqi
4134:Javad Mojabi
4124:Sadeq Chubak
4120:Shamim Bahar
4017:Bozorg Alavi
3971:Asad Gulzoda
3828:Nima Yooshij
3765:Bijan Jalali
3682:Aref Qazvini
3630:Contemporary
3567:Mirza Ghalib
3537:Azar Bigdeli
3496:Saba Kashani
3489:Hazin Lāhiji
3468:Saib Tabrizi
3431:Vahshi Bafqi
3415:Baba Faghani
3391:Ahli Shirazi
3366:Ubayd Zakani
3241:Amir Khusrau
3231:(1288–1320s)
3208:Sultan Walad
3035:Banu Goshasp
2984:Omar Khayyam
2874:Rabia Balkhi
2757:Jamasp Namag
2550:Iraj Bashiri
2519:translation
2509:Sholeh Wolpe
2490:
2453:
2438:
2421:
2418:Sholeh Wolpé
2390:
2384:
2360:
2353:
2346:Fodor's Iran
2345:
2341:
2330:
2322:
2317:
2306:
2292:Sholeh Wolpé
2287:
2251:
2231:
2222:
2211:
2206:
2182:
2174:
2166:
2162:
2155:Muṣībat-Nāma
2154:
2150:
2141:
2133:
2129:
2105:
2081:
2072:
2063:
2055:the original
2045:
2034:
2015:
2007:
1997:
1992:B. Reinert,
1933:
1927:
1919:
1914:
1905:
1834:
1826:
1820:
1816:Sholeh Wolpe
1811:
1797:
1783:
1782:. Further, '
1742:Attar was a
1741:
1731:
1730:
1710:
1657:
1624:Mukhtār-Nāma
1623:
1622:
1618:Mukhtār-Nāma
1617:
1609:
1597:
1595:
1584:
1571:hagiographic
1566:
1564:
1508:
1503:
1493:
1489:
1485:
1481:
1478:
1473:
1468:
1463:
1458:
1453:
1448:
1441:Sholeh Wolpé
1439:
1434:
1429:
1424:
1419:
1414:
1409:
1404:
1399:
1388:
1377:
1364:
1354:
1351:Šarḥ al-Qalb
1350:
1344:
1341:Khusraw-Nāma
1340:
1337:Mukhtār-Nāma
1336:
1330:
1326:
1324:
1320:
1319:Šarḥ al-Qalb
1316:
1313:Mukhtār-Nāma
1312:
1310:
1299:Šarḥ al-Qalb
1298:
1287:Jawāhir-Nāma
1286:
1272:
1261:Muṣībat-Nāma
1260:
1248:
1236:
1224:
1212:
1205:
1190:Khusraw-Nāma
1189:
1180:Mukhtār-Nāma
1179:
1177:
1172:
1166:
1153:Twelver Shia
1110:
1095:
1083:idiosyncrasy
1079:
1038:
990:
985:
984:
980:
979:
966:
962:
960:
929:
917:
911:
905:
886:hagiographer
863:
854:Farīd ud-Dīn
853:
834:
833:
644:Ni'matullāhī
609:Sülaymaniyya
594:Maizbhandari
206:
200:
115:Traditional
5247:Gawhar Shad
5093:Zamakhshari
5073:Shaykh Tusi
4988:Ibn Mubarak
4877:Shahrastani
4670:Afghanistan
4474:Translators
4430:Amir Naderi
4300:Screenplays
4283:Pari Saberi
4263:Bijan Mofid
4189:Bijan Najdi
3879:Raziq Faani
3862:Afghanistan
3775:Esmail Khoi
3732:Bijan Elahi
3608:(1813–1893)
3602:(1808–1854)
3594:(1801–1880)
3586:(1800–1871)
3578:(1779–1837)
3570:(1797–1869)
3551:(1798–1857)
3540:(1722–1781)
3503:(1642–1720)
3492:(1692–1766)
3471:(1607–1670)
3463:Taleb Amoli
3442:(1500–1588)
3434:(1523–1583)
3410:(1487–1524)
3402:(1483–1556)
3394:(1454–1535)
3286:(1238–1314)
3244:(1253–1325)
3166:(1149–1209)
3158:(1141–1209)
3147:(1126–1189)
3139:(1120–1190)
3099:(1155–1191)
3015:(1098–1131)
2987:(1048–1131)
2979:(1046–1121)
2971:(1018–1092)
2963:(1009–1072)
2950:(1006–1088)
2942:(1058–1111)
2934:(1004–1088)
2769:Warshtmansr
2452:Jan Rypka,
2435:E.G. Browne
2201:(see p.210)
2124:(see p.437)
1854:Iran portal
1502:Gallery of
1496:Idries Shah
1469:Do you see?
1370:معرفتالنفس
1360:کشفالاسرار
1119:as well as
1106:panegyrists
844:– c. 1221;
842: 1145
775:Persecution
502:Sufi orders
411:Sufi poetry
196:Major works
67: 1145
55:Mystic Poet
5338:Sufi poets
5302:Categories
5124:Asadi Tusi
5018:Marghinani
4983:Ibn Hibban
4903:Abu Hanifa
4781:Ibn Hayyan
4756:Ali Qushji
4751:Alfraganus
4719:Scientists
4710:People of
4666:Tajikistan
4370:Ali Hatami
4278:Akbar Radi
4225:Reza Abdoh
3964:Uzbekistan
3908:Tajikistan
3760:Iraj Mirza
3104:Adib Sabir
3040:Borzu-Nama
3007:Manuchehri
2955:Asadi Tusi
2939:Al-Ghazali
2926:Bābā Tāher
2890:(980–1037)
2882:(967–1049)
2747:Bundahishn
2517:Fitzgerald
2167:Asrār-Nāma
2157:, p. 54 ff
1897:References
1780:pharmacist
1766:, much of
1668:دیوان عطار
1662:of Attar (
1598:Ilāhī-Nāma
1592:Ilāhī-Nāma
1585:Ilāhī-Nāma
1574:collection
1274:Ilāhī-Nāma
1266:مصیبتنامه
1244:منطقالطیر
1225:Asrār-Nāma
874:apothecary
770:Sufi music
539:Suhrawardi
529:Naqshbandi
157:Influenced
127:Influences
5078:Taftazani
5063:Sajawandi
4872:Sijistani
4801:Khwarizmi
4614:Essayists
3322:Ibn Yamin
2848:Shahnameh
2801:Classical
2657:Ganjnameh
2441:. 1998.
2270:951070853
1961:cite book
1760:alchemist
1756:perfumist
1748:herbalist
1632:مختارنامه
1606:الهینامه
1304:شرحالقلب
1292:جواهرنامه
1280:الهینامه
1230:اسرارنامه
1185:مختارنامه
1159:in 1501.
1087:hagiology
1064:Teachings
1060:in 1940.
1058:Reza Shah
1046:mausoleum
1022:Turkistan
926:Biography
859:فریدالدین
674:Issawiyya
649:Qalandari
614:Salihiyya
509:Ba 'Alawi
469:Muraqabah
448:Practices
48:mausoleum
5149:Ferdowsi
5088:Tirmidhi
5068:Sarakhsi
5048:Qushayri
5023:Maturidi
4968:Ghaznawi
4852:Avicenna
4796:Khojandi
4766:Birjandi
4761:Avicenna
4736:Abu Wafa
4712:Khorasan
3980:Pakistan
3722:Dehkhoda
3407:Ismail I
3257:Golestān
3179:(d.1248)
3076:Iranshah
2887:Avicenna
2844:Ferdowsi
2581:LibriVox
1994:"`Attar"
1953:11814265
1840:See also
1788:rose oil
1768:medicine
1752:druggist
1744:pen-name
1654:invader.
1329:and the
1195:خسرونامه
1133:Abu Bakr
1102:medicine
1050:Nishapur
1036:Muslim.
1018:Khwarizm
1014:Damascus
948:Khorasan
944:Nishapur
890:Nishapur
634:Shattari
599:Malamati
549:Khalwati
534:Shadhili
514:Bektashi
484:Whirling
454:Anasheed
381:Qalandar
249:Tomb of
223:a series
221:Part of
131:Ferdowsi
105:Nishapur
87:Nishapur
71:Nishapur
5222:Gardizi
5159:Kashifi
5033:Muqatil
5013:Lamishi
5008:Kashifi
4998:Juwayni
4963:Ghazali
4948:Bukhari
4943:Bazdawi
4938:Bayhaqi
4933:Baghavi
4842:Algazel
4791:Khazini
3920:Farzona
3846:Armenia
3136:Khaqani
3055:Mu'izzi
3002:Hujwiri
2869:Bal'ami
2707:Dēnkard
2424:. 2017
2412:Sources
1688:Ghazals
1686:. The
1664:Persian
1628:Persian
1602:Persian
1395:Simorgh
1127:, were
1042:Mongols
1030:Shaykhs
994:Baghdad
932:Persian
846:Persian
780:Ziyarat
765:History
755:Ma'rifa
717:Singers
679:Jerrahi
669:Inayati
629:Mevlevi
624:Kubrawi
619:Azeemia
604:Mouridi
589:Jelveti
584:Bayrami
574:Darqawi
554:Rahmani
524:Chishti
489:Ziyarat
474:Qawwali
426:Tazkiah
391:Silsila
366:Murshid
351:Ma'rifa
331:Karamat
286:Dervish
5184:Sanā'ī
5174:Rudaki
5139:Daqiqi
5134:Behzad
5114:Anvari
5058:Sabuni
5043:Nasa'i
5038:Muslim
5003:Kasani
4953:Dabusi
4928:Ansari
4857:Farabi
4806:Nasawi
4771:Biruni
4000:Novels
3640:Poetry
3399:Fuzuli
3376:Hatefi
3347:Nasimi
3253:Bustan
3144:Anvari
3129:c.1220
3127:(1142–
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1702:Legacy
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1676:Ruba'i
1672:Ghazal
1652:Mongol
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1391:hoopoe
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1163:Poetry
1125:Sana'i
1024:, and
1010:Medina
898:Sufism
884:, and
882:Sufism
862:) and
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745:Tariqa
740:Sharia
735:Tawhid
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659:Galibi
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559:Badawi
544:Rifa`i
519:Qadiri
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341:Lataif
311:Haqiqa
234:Sufism
189:poetry
186:Mystic
107:, Iran
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4218:Plays
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1034:Sunni
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888:from
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261:Ideas
227:Islam
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121:Sufis
117:Islam
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