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water. The letter ended as follows: “At least you run no risk of harming him in any way”. However, the healing properties were removed from the instruction leaflet in 1811 and used only in advertisements. In 1803, the signature that had featured on the information leaflet was replaced by a stamp, which then made it possible to enclose a leaflet with each individual bottle.
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38:
274:… comintio avanzare in eta e si come laudato a dio che ho fatto il primo e il piu difficile fondamento di questo mio negotio che mi da pane cotidiano e che va dun giono a l’altro sempre di bene in meglio, il mio bramo col tempo sarebe di vedere in mia piaza un giovine proprio di podere continuare e reduplicarlo …
491:
enquired whether eau de
Cologne could in any way help her paralysed husband. In his response, Johann Maria Farina (III) suggested she dampen some pieces of cloth in the perfume before applying them to her husband's aching limbs and recommended she add 50 drops of eau de Cologne to his weekly drinking
337:
being the main component. The latter has to be picked whilst still green, as only the unripe peel is suitable for the production of Farina’s perfume. Furthermore, the fact that only natural essences were and still are used means that the perfume maker must blend and combine various vintages to obtain
338:
a constant fragrance. Plants react to various climatic changes, thus causing their scent to vary. Farina was meticulous in this regard and regularly set aside small samples of his perfume which were then used as comparisons to ensure his perfume did not undergo any changes. Some samples exist today.
244:
On 17 July 1709, Johann
Baptist Farina registered as a new resident at Cologne town hall and on the 24th was granted free citizenship. In those days, this procedure was necessary for a settler to set up a private business. With the support of his uncle, who was a member of the Maastricht government,
474:
Johann Maria Farina (I) had his eau de
Cologne filled into long bottles, the so-called Rosoli bottle. Both full measures (8 ounces) and half measures of eau de Cologne were sold and, in the 1760s, one could also find quarter bottles. Half bottles were most common and a dozen of them would have been
349:
From 1730 onwards, Farina’s list of customers expanded at a great pace and, according to records, 3,700 bottles were delivered to a total of 39 addresses between 1730 and 1739. His perfume, which delighted the upper nobility, soon became a royal and imperial favourite. By 1740, eau de
Cologne was a
264:
Johann
Baptist Farina (II) died on 24 April 1732. In the subsequent months, Johann Maria Farina (I) carried out an inventory before renaming the business 'Johann Maria Farina', a name which has remained unchanged ever since. After this change, business improved, as he wrote in a letter addressed to
260:
After 1716, Gebrüder Farina & Comp. experienced a number of financial difficulties, which led to Franz
Balthasar Borgnis’ and Carl Hieronymus Farina’s departures. This left Johann Baptist Farina (II) and Johann Maria Farina (I) at the head of the company, which was subsequently named 'Fratelli
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The red seal, which bore the family crest and which appeared on all products, was a sign of quality and authenticity. Each delivery was also accompanied by a signed document on which the directions for use were printed. According to the document, eau de
Cologne was not exclusively intended for
303:
In 1703, long before he joined his brother to found 'Farina & Compagnie' in 1714, Johann Maria Farina (I) put his skills to work and created a fragrance that was to become a great success. Indeed, the
Italian perfume maker gave birth to a whole new type of complex fragrance, which combined
148:
Original Eau de
Cologne – The Rosoli bottle is the first to have been produced by Farina House. The instruction leaflet in French is in the background. The slim green bottle had to be stored in a horizontal position because it was corked. Until 1832, Eau de Cologne was only sold in Rosoli
252:(I) and Carl Hieronymus Farina joined in 1714 and 1716. The Farina company sold a wide range of luxury items, such as lace, handkerchiefs, silk stockings, wigs, feathers, tobacco boxes, sealing wax and face powder that one would have expected to find in a shop run by Italians.
245:
and the salesman Johann Maria Farina (originally named
Giovanni Maria Farina), Johann Baptist Farina (II) signed on 1 August 1709 a twelve-year contract to rent a building at the junction of the streets Großen Bottengassen and Goldschmidts, now known as Unter Goldschmidt.
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by the city of Cologne. The following decades, the 1730s and 1740s, happened to be very prosperous ones, during which he concentrated his efforts on the business of delivery, and it was only at the beginning of the 1760s that the perfume business took centre stage.
464:
wrote a letter to the painter Hoffmann residing in Cologne: "... I seize this opportunity to ask you to please have a box of 6 bottles of Eau de Cologne sent to me. I will pay you back along with the rest." Goethe’s order was sent to Weimar on 22 May
240:
had been working for their uncle since 1708. On 13 July 1709, Johann Baptist Farina (Italian: Giovanni Battista Farina) founded the company G.B. Farina and, from that point on, started his book-keeping, which has never been interrupted since.
326:“I have created a perfume which is reminiscent of a spring morning following a soft shower where fragrances of wild narcissi combine with that of sweet orange flowers. This perfume refreshes me and stimulates both my senses and imagination”.
199:(German: Johann Maria Farina). The short form 'Farina gegenüber' and the French name 'Jean Marie Farina vis-à-vis de la place Juliers' were also commonly used over a long period of time. The company's logo is a red
1824:
1465:
The Farina archives are currently being held in section 33 of the Rhenish Westphalian economic archives (Rheinisch-Westfälisches Wirtschaftsarchiv). Several documents have been digitised and are available in
248:
Johann Baptist and his brother-in-law, Franz Balthasar Borgnis, then founded 'Farina & Compagnie', which later developed into 'Gebrüder Farina & Comp.' (English: Farina Brothers and Co.) after
1559:, revised by Hermann Schaefer, Berlin (Detailed information concerning the history of the company from its beginnings to 1914 as well as a cursory overview of the period between 1914 and 1933), 1934.
282:”...I have reached the point where the difficulties which I first had to face up to are from day to day improving. It is now up to me to see that the business thrives and in time doubles...”
346:
Initially, Farina limited the sale of his perfume to Cologne and Frankfurt’s trade centre. The first delivery dates back to 1716, when Farina sent 12 bottles to a Madame Billy in Aachen.
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Farina' (English: Farina Brothers). In the years that followed, the two brothers concentrated on transporting goods, an enterprise which, however, did not prove to be successful.
2011:
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exterior use. It was described as good for dental hygiene, efficient against bad breath and a way of avoiding infectious diseases. In August 1785, a certain Mrs Duplessis from
1756:
Histoire de la Grandeur et de la Décadence de César Birotteau, Marchand Parfumeur, Adjoint au Maire du deuxième Arrondissement de Paris, Chevalier de la Légion-d'honneur, etc.
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The founding of Farina House dates back to the early 18th century. In June 1709, Johann Baptist Farina travelled to Cologne, where his younger brother
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Geschichte, Markenschutz, Nachahmer, Rechtsprechung. Aus dem Archiv des Originalhauses Johann Maria Farina gegenüber dem Jülichs-Platz gegr. 1709
2016:
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with pure alcohol, an innovative combination. The fragrance was fresh, which contrasted to most of the known heavy scents of the time, such as
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royal families. The company headquarters and birthplace of eau de Cologne are both to be found at Farina House in Cologne, Germany, where the
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The company is still run by the founding family's descendants, who are the eighth generation of family members. The company has held
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483:. The items were initially sold individually, whereas later Farina delivered his perfume in boxes of 4, 6, 8, 12 and 18 bottles.
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In 1708, Johann Maria Farina wrote a letter to his brother, Johann Baptist Farina, in which he describes his perfume as follows:
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by Giovanni Battista Farina (German: Johann Baptist Farina), who was subsequently joined in the business by his younger brother,
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After having been at the head of this business for less than two years, Johann Maria Farina was granted the right to
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Letter from Farina to his commission agent in Paris, Delaporte, date 9 November 1811 (in French)
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Die Geschichte des Hauses Johann Maria Farina gegenüber dem Jülichsplatz in Köln gegründet 1709
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Brand name, Herkunftsangabe und Freizeichen im Grenzbereich zwischen Proprium und Appellativum
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In a letter dated 9 April 1747, Farina explains that his perfume is known throughout Europe.
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1649:, p. 163, 234 & 235, Cologne RWWA (Rheinisch-Westfälisches Wirtschaftsarchiv), 1997
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Die Entwicklung des betriebswirtschaftlichen Rechnungswesens von 1890 bis 1940 bei Farina
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for 'John Maria Farina opposite Jülich's Square') is the world's oldest
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Rheinisch-westfälische Wirtschaftsbiographien 1953, chapter 7, pp. 161–198
1445:"Du moins vous ne risquez de lui en faire du mal". Translated from Mönckmeier,
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as purveyors of perfume to the German, French, Italian, Swedish, Russian and
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Rivista italiana essenze, profumi, piante offizinali, olii vegetali, saponi
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Extract from the Farina House order book dated 6 November 1811 (in German)
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Die Geschichte der unternehmerischen Selbstverwaltung in Köln 1914–1997
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Kunde–Kaiser. Die Geschichte der ehemaligen k. u. k. Hoflieferanten
1358:, p.9. According to Mönckmeier, they split up in 1717 (idem, p.81).
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Fremde in Köln Integration und Ausgrenzung zwischen 1750 und 1814
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reproduced on the Internet differ from those given by Mönckmeier.
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Die Königlich Bayerischen Hoflieferanten. Wo der König Kunde war
411:
379:
317:
1806:
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1702:, p. 25 & 278, Horwood Books: Chichester, 1981.
1681:. À: Relazione al Congresso di Sta. Maria Maggiore. 1960.
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Frederick Francis II, Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin
125:
1625:, pp. 506–507, J. P. Bachem Verlag, Cologne, 1996
1616:
Das Kölner Ereignis, Ruhrländische Verlagsgesellschaft
496:
The company under Johann Maria Farina (III), 1766–1792
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Friedrich Wilhelm, Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Strelitz
171:
Johann Maria Farina gegenüber dem Jülichs-Platz GmbH
31:
Johann Maria Farina gegenüber dem Jülichs-Platz GmbH
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Eau de Cologne: Auf den Spuren des berühmten Duftes
1477:
Instruction leaflet dating back to 1811 (in German)
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1484:Delivery of Eau de Cologne to the French Empress
265:his relative, Francesco Barbieri, back in Italy:
1728:Names in Commerce and Industry: Past and Present
1525:, pages 396–397, Deutsche Standards, Köln 2008.
1726:Ludger Kremer; Elke Ronneberger-Sibold (eds.):
1818:
1447:Die Geschichte des Hauses Johann Maria Farina
1434:Die Geschichte des Hauses Johann Maria Farina
1421:Die Geschichte des Hauses Johann Maria Farina
1382:Die Geschichte des Hauses Johann Maria Farina
1369:Die Geschichte des Hauses Johann Maria Farina
1356:Die Geschichte des Hauses Johann Maria Farina
1332:Die Geschichte des Hauses Johann Maria Farina
342:Eau de Cologne takes over the European market
8:
2012:1709 establishments in the Holy Roman Empire
1700:Perfumery Technology: Art, Science, Industry
227:The Johann Maria Farina (I) years, 1709–1766
168:
30:
1825:
1811:
1803:
333:is essentially composed of citrus fruits,
29:
2007:Purveyors to the Imperial and Royal Court
1723:, 1st ed., Julius Springer, Berlin, 1899.
1719:Friedrich Gildemeister; Eduard Hoffmann:
1537:Lexikon der deutschen Familienunternehmen
819:Georg, Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Strelitz
1992:Manufacturing companies based in Cologne
152:
135:
1734:, pp. 45–60, Logos Verlag: Berlin
1730:. In: Pd. Dr. Christian Weyers (2008),
1679:Le materie prime per l'acqua di colonia
1323:
1257:
470:Packaging, quality seal and advertising
1797:Interview with CEO Johann Maria Farina
1693:Variations on the Eau de Cologne Theme
279:
270:
1765:, Chapman and Hall Ltd., London, 1894
1695:, Sta. Maria Maggiore Symposium, 1960
1688:. Sta. Maria Maggiore Symposium, 1960
1334:, appendix 3. The names found in the
7:
1698:Frederick V. Wells; Marcel Billot:
684:Prince Klemens Wenzel von Metternich
644:Jérôme Bonaparte, King of Westphalia
504:Johann Maria Farina III. (1713–1792)
187:factory. It traces its origins to a
772:Bernhard II, Duke of Saxe-Meiningen
191:retail business founded in 1709 in
25:
1543:Literature related to the company
756:Adolphe, Grand Duke of Luxembourg
668:Prince Hermann von Pückler-Muskau
2002:Purveyors to the Court of Sweden
1931:
1930:
1919:
1656:, Steimel Verlag, Cologne, 1958.
1635:, Greven Verlag, Cologne, 2005.
1308:
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1284:
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1027:Edward VII of the United Kingdom
748:Ernest Augustus, King of Hanover
700:William IV of the United Kingdom
612:Archduke Anton Victor of Austria
36:
1785:Farina Fragrance Museum website
1714:Publications related to Farina
1666:Giovanni Fenaroli; L. Maggesi:
1621:Bernd Ernsting; Ulrich Krings:
1291:Johann Maria Farina (1685–1766)
780:Frederick Augustus II of Saxony
716:Frederick William IV of Prussia
1957:Bavarian Royal Warrant holders
1035:George V of the United Kingdom
979:William III of the Netherlands
851:Louis III, Grand Duke of Hesse
708:Victoria of the United Kingdom
660:Francis II, Holy Roman Emperor
652:Marie Louise, Duchess of Parma
588:Louise of Mecklenburg-Strelitz
540:Charles VI, Holy Roman Emperor
524:Frederick William I of Prussia
460:Goethe Letter. On 9 May 1802,
350:great success and was sold in
27:World's oldest perfume factory
1:
2017:Companies established in 1709
1987:Italian Royal Warrant holders
1967:British royal warrant holders
1962:Belgian Royal Warrant holders
1535:Florian Langenscheidt (ed.):
1521:Florian Langenscheidt (ed.):
1003:Frederick III, German Emperor
971:Louis IV, Grand Duke of Hesse
1972:French Royal Warrant holders
1686:Les Eaux de Cologne Parfumée
740:Henry, Duke of Anhalt-Köthen
580:Stanisław August Poniatowski
1303:The original Eau de Cologne
947:Victor Emmanuel II of Italy
732:Leopold II, Prince of Lippe
2033:
1876:Imperial Porcelain Factory
1833:Selected purveyors to the
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1098:Johann Wolfgang von Goethe
1078:
1011:Wilhelm II, German Emperor
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1511:, Schroll, Vienna, 1996.
899:Franz Joseph I of Austria
883:Wilhelm I, German Emperor
827:Wilhelm I, German Emperor
764:Christian VIII of Denmark
620:Maria Carolina of Austria
596:Gustav IV Adolf of Sweden
532:Clemens August of Bavaria
256:Johann Maria Farina House
102:Johann Maria Farina XIX (
35:
1891:Patek Philippe & Co.
1523:Deutsches Marken-Lexikon
1380:Quoted from Mönckmeier,
1162:
1059:Diana, Princess of Wales
939:Victoria, Princess Royal
867:Charles I of Württemberg
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788:Frederick VII of Denmark
548:Maria Theresa of Austria
1835:Russian Imperial Family
1090:Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart
955:Christian IX of Denmark
564:Frederick II of Prussia
514:Royalty and aristocrats
299:An astounding fragrance
216:Farina Fragrance Museum
1633:Das große Köln-Lexikon
1631:Jürgen Wilhelm (ed.):
1122:Alexander von Humboldt
859:Napoleon III of France
803:Alexander II of Russia
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1721:Die aetherischen Oele
915:Leopold II of Belgium
676:Alexander I of Russia
572:Ferdinand VI of Spain
503:
459:
222:The company’s history
197:Giovanni Maria Farina
156:
147:
139:
76:Johann Baptist Farina
1691:Frederick V. Wells:
1661:Technical literature
1555:Wilhelm Mönckmeier:
1267:Farina House in 1849
1106:Ludwig van Beethoven
907:Elisabeth of Bavaria
891:Ludwig II of Bavaria
875:Alexandra of Denmark
724:Nicholas I of Russia
1982:Innenstadt, Cologne
1906:Steinway & Sons
1684:Sébastien Sabetay:
1677:Francesco La Face:
1674:, p. 42, 1960.
250:Johann Maria Farina
238:Johann Maria Farina
32:
1896:Shustov & Sons
1790:2012-07-21 at the
1614:Rudolf Amelunxen:
1548:Hermann Schaefer:
1507:Ingrid Haslinger:
1279:Farina House today
1114:Friedrich Schiller
1043:Gustaf V of Sweden
987:Carol I of Romania
963:Umberto I of Italy
931:Oscar II of Sweden
843:Luís I of Portugal
604:Napoleon Bonaparte
556:Louis XV of France
506:
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1911:Tiffany & Co.
1761:George Meredith:
1740:978-3-8325-1788-5
1610:978-3-412-20072-5
1604:, Cologne, 2008.
1596:978-3-937200-27-9
1577:Verena Pleitgen:
1566:, Cologne, 2006.
1562:Markus Eckstein:
1531:978-3-8349-0629-8
1468:Wikimedia Commons
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16:(Redirected from
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1886:Mikimoto Kōkichi
1871:House of Fabergé
1866:Farina gegenüber
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1799:at Basenotes.net
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1780:
1778:Official website
1752:Honoré de Balzac
1668:Acqua di Colonia
1652:Robert Steimel:
1645:Klara van Eyll:
1600:Astrid Küntzel:
1590:, Munich, 2008.
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1419:Mönckmeier,
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477:Reichsthaler
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189:luxury goods
170:
167:
140:Farina House
81:Headquarters
45:Company type
1336:family tree
1185:Franz Lehár
1177:Thomas Mann
1169:Oscar Wilde
475:sold for 6
292:citizenship
160:granted by
1951:Categories
1881:Khlebnikov
1472:Wikisource
1406:Eckstein,
1393:Eckstein,
1318:References
1146:Mark Twain
408:Düsseldorf
314:sandalwood
126:farina1709
98:Key people
1154:Mori Ōgai
432:Stuttgart
420:Frankfurt
392:The Hague
388:Amsterdam
364:Magdeburg
360:Strasburg
232:Ancestors
1937:Category
1901:Smirnoff
1788:Archived
1462:Sources
1384:, p. 17.
1339:Archived
1082:Voltaire
428:Augsburg
335:Bergamot
331:top note
310:cinnamon
306:essences
304:several
149:bottles.
111:Products
55:Industry
1861:Cristal
1856:Chopard
1851:Breguet
1746:Fiction
1470:and in
1449:, p.70.
1423:, p.58.
1410:, p.14.
1371:, p.12.
1254:Gallery
1163:
797:
481:Guilder
448:Koblenz
436:Bamberg
424:Leipzig
316:oil or
212:British
193:Cologne
185:perfume
164:in 1837
121:Website
91:Germany
86:Cologne
73:Founder
65:Founded
59:Perfume
49:Private
1846:Ararat
1763:Farina
1738:
1706:
1670:. In:
1639:
1608:
1594:
1570:
1529:
1515:
1436:, p.62
1244:(1970)
1236:(1964)
1228:(1959)
1220:(1959)
1212:(1939)
1204:(1935)
1196:(1928)
1188:(1925)
1180:(1921)
1172:(1889)
1157:(1888)
1149:(1877)
1141:(1868)
1133:(1824)
1125:(1815)
1117:(1814)
1109:(1807)
1101:(1802)
1093:(1782)
1085:(1745)
1072:Others
1062:(1987)
1054:(1951)
1046:(1927)
1038:(1910)
1030:(1901)
1022:(1894)
1014:(1888)
1006:(1888)
998:(1882)
990:(1881)
982:(1880)
974:(1879)
966:(1878)
958:(1877)
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910:(1872)
902:(1872)
894:(1872)
886:(1871)
878:(1870)
870:(1868)
862:(1868)
854:(1866)
846:(1866)
838:(1862)
830:(1861)
822:(1859)
814:(1855)
806:(1855)
791:(1850)
783:(1850)
775:(1848)
767:(1847)
759:(1846)
751:(1846)
743:(1845)
735:(1843)
727:(1843)
719:(1841)
711:(1837)
703:(1830)
695:(1822)
687:(1815)
679:(1815)
671:(1811)
663:(1811)
655:(1811)
647:(1810)
639:(1810)
631:(1810)
623:(1809)
615:(1806)
607:(1804)
599:(1800)
591:(1797)
583:(1791)
575:(1758)
567:(1745)
559:(1745)
551:(1740)
543:(1738)
535:(1736)
527:(1734)
489:Nogent
462:Goethe
444:Warsaw
404:Aachen
384:Vienna
177:German
1397:, p.8
479:or 9
465:1802.
440:Mainz
400:Lille
396:Liège
376:Kleve
372:Wesel
368:Trier
356:Paris
352:Rouen
312:oil,
201:tulip
1736:ISBN
1704:ISBN
1637:ISBN
1606:ISBN
1592:ISBN
1568:ISBN
1527:ISBN
1513:ISBN
446:and
412:Bonn
380:Lyon
329:The
318:musk
183:and
128:.com
68:1709
104:CEO
1953::
1754::
1581:,
1488::
1480:.
1474:.
450:.
442:,
438:,
434:,
430:,
426:,
422:,
418:,
414:,
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406:,
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398:,
394:,
390:,
386:,
382:,
378:,
374:,
370:,
366:,
362:,
358:,
354:,
320:.
203:.
89:,
1826:e
1819:t
1812:v
1574:.
175:(
106:)
20:)
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