20:
52:
28:
36:
110:
Rheumatoid
Arthritis, osteomyelitis of the distal humeral physis and secondary septic joint). In these instances, history and clinical examination in addition laboratory results (WBC, ESR, CRP) will guide the provider in determining whether to treat the condition as an occult fracture or continue workup for other pathology.
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The posterior fat pad is normally pressed in the olecranon fossa by the triceps tendon, and hence invisible on lateral radiograph of the elbow. When there is a fracture of the distal humerus, or other pathology involving the elbow joint, inflammation develops around the synovial membrane forcing the
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The fat pad sign is invaluable in assessing for the presence of an intra-articular fracture of the elbow. An anterior fat pad is often normal. However a posterior fat pad seen on a lateral x-ray of the elbow is always abnormal. The patient will be unable to flex their elbow and requires orthopaedic
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In addition to fracture, any process resulting in an elbow joint effusion may also demonstrate an abnormal fat pad sign. Increased intracapsular fluid is also seen in several conditions other than fracture and this produces the abnormal fat pad sign. (toxic synovitis, septic arthritis, Juvenile
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fat pad out of its normal physiologic resting place. This is visible as the "posterior fat pad sign" and is often the only visible marker of a fracture, particularly in the pediatrics population.
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Fat pad sign: Ventral fat pad bowed and dorsal fat pad visible in a case of a nondisplaced fracture of the radius head which is not visible directly.
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that is not directly visible. Its name derives from the fact that it has the shape of a
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356:
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475:
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27:
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In children, a posterior fat pad sign suggests a condylar fracture of the
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35:
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34:
26:
18:
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A subtle radial head fracture with associated positive sail sign
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fat pad signs exist, and both can be found on the same X-ray.
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of one or more bones at the elbow. It is may indicate an
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31:A normal anterior fat pad in a non-fractured arm.
16:Elbow radiography finding indicating a fracture
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8:
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83:. It is caused by displacement of the
7:
393:Fat pad sign/Sail sign of the elbow
140:Chapman S (1991). "The sail sign".
507:Musculoskeletal radiographic signs
67:, is a potential finding on elbow
14:
486:Hyperdense middle cerebral artery
39:Anterior sail signs as well as
87:around the elbow joint. Both
1:
102:. In adults it suggests a
523:
168:"RSNA Publications Online"
456:Pneumatosis intestinalis
337:Traction bronchiectasis
192:Goswami, MD, Gaurav K.
317:Sail sign of the chest
56:
48:
45:supracondylar fracture
32:
24:
312:Peribronchial cuffing
54:
38:
30:
22:
365:Canga's bead symptom
63:, also known as the
398:Osteopathia striata
194:"The Fat Pad Sign"
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49:
43:in a child with a
33:
25:
494:
493:
441:Hot quadrate sign
287:Air crescent sign
264:Dense artery sign
71:which suggests a
41:posterior fat pad
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408:Gastrointestinal
342:Tree-in-bud sign
292:Deep sulcus sign
259:Aortic unfolding
243:Radiologic signs
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170:. Archived from
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81:spinnaker (sail)
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375:Musculoskeletal
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347:Westermark sign
332:Thumbprint sign
322:Silhouette sign
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118:Pathophysiology
77:occult fracture
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426:Endoexoenteric
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251:Cardiovascular
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148:(6): 399–400.
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466:Sentinel loop
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461:Rigler's sign
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446:Mumoli's sign
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431:Football sign
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421:Double bubble
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383:Crescent sign
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297:Golden S sign
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174:on 2008-06-02
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142:Br J Hosp Med
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476:Neurological
451:Omental cake
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388:Fabella sign
327:Steeple sign
307:Kerley lines
302:Hampton hump
198:. Retrieved
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176:. Retrieved
172:the original
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121:
112:
108:
97:
92:
88:
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61:fat pad sign
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416:Cupola sign
279:Respiratory
196:. Radiology
104:radial head
69:radiography
357:Urogenital
178:2009-07-17
127:References
106:fracture.
269:Halo sign
200:3 October
93:posterior
65:sail sign
501:Category
89:anterior
73:fracture
154:1760676
114:input.
100:humerus
85:fat pad
152:
202:2012
150:PMID
91:and
59:The
503::
146:46
144:.
235:e
228:t
221:v
204:.
181:.
156:.
47:.
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