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while the lower half of the island presented its usual appearance, the upper half was unnaturally distorted and thrown upward in columnar shape with an apparent height of two to three hundred feet. The upper line or cloud from this elevation stretched southward, upon which was thrown the image of objects. A barque sailing in front of this cloud presented a double appearance. While she appeared slightly distorted on the surface of the water, her image was inverted upon the background of the cloud referred to, and both blending together produced a curious sight. At the same time the ship and its shadow were again repeated in a more shadowy form, but distinct, in the foreground, the base being a line of smooth water. Another bark whose hull was entirely below the horizon, the topsails alone being visible, had its hull shadowed on this foreground, but no inversion in this case could be observed. It may be added that these optical phenomena in regard to the vessels could only be seen with the aid of a telescope, for the nearest vessel was at the time fully sixteen miles distant. The phenomena lasted over an hour, the illusion changing every moment in its character.
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the greatest ease. The mirage took in the whole breadth of Lake
Ontario, Charlotte, the suburbs of Rochester, being recognized as a projection east of Toronto. A side-wheel steamer could be seen traveling in a line from Charlotte to Toronto Bay. Two dark objects were at last found to be the steamers of the New York Central plying between Lewiston and Toronto. A sail-boat was also visible and disappeared suddenly. Slowly the mirage began to fade away, to the disappointment of thousands who crowded the roofs of houses and office buildings. A bank of clouds was the cause of the disappearance of the mirage. A close examination of the map showed the mirage did not cause the slightest distortion, the gradual rise of the city from the water being rendered perfectly. It is estimated that at least 20,000 spectators saw the novel spectacle.
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585:, but they could not dissuade him. The account of Ross's voyage, published a year later, brought to light this disagreement, and the ensuing controversy over the existence of the Croker Mountains ruined Ross's reputation. The year after Ross's expedition, in 1819, Parry was given command of his own Arctic expedition, and proved Ross wrong by continuing west beyond where Ross had turned back, and sailing through the supposed location of the Croker Mountains. The mountain range that had caused Ross to abandon his mission had been a mirage.
1840:
407:
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652:'. However, MacMillan insisted that they press on, even though it was late in the season and the sea ice was breaking up. For five days they went on, following the mirage. Finally, on 27 April, after they had covered some 200 km (125 miles) of dangerous sea ice, MacMillan was forced to admit that Piugaattoq was right—the land that they had sighted was in fact a mirage (probably a Fata Morgana). Later, MacMillan wrote:
130:
636:, and he estimated it to be 210 km (130 miles) away, at about 83 degrees N, longitude 100 degrees W. He named it Crocker Land, after George Crocker of the Peary Arctic Club. As Peary's diary contradicts his public claim that he had sighted land, it is now believed that Crocker Land was a fraudulent invention of Peary, created in an unsuccessful attempt to secure further funding from Crocker.
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1939:
1900:
1790:
611:. Morrell's reported position was actually far to the east of Graham Land. Searches for the land that Morrell claimed to have explored would continue into the early 20th century before New South Greenland's existence was conclusively disproven. Why Morrell reported exploring a non-existent land is unclear, but one possibility is that he mistook a Fata Morgana for actual land.
2123:
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high levels of water vapor, optical mirages due to water vapor are often rendered undetectable by the accompanying opaque cloud. On the other hand, radar propagation is essentially unaffected by the water droplets of the cloud so that changes in water vapor content with altitude are very effective in producing atmospheric ducting and radar mirages.
52:
121:, producing a series of both inverted and erect images. A Fata Morgana requires a duct to be present; thermal inversion alone is not enough to produce this kind of mirage. While a thermal inversion often takes place without there being an atmospheric duct, an atmospheric duct cannot exist without there first being a thermal inversion.
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mirage. The 1886 drawing shown here of a "Fata
Morgana" in a desert might have been an imaginative illustration for the poem, but in reality no mirage ever looks like this. Andy Young writes, "They're always confined to a narrow strip of sky—less than a finger's width at arm's length—at the horizon."
419:
In fact, with a Fata
Morgana it can be hard to say which individual segment of the mirage is real and which is not real: when a real ship is out of sight because it is below the horizon line, a Fata Morgana can cause the image of it to be elevated, and then everything which is seen by the observer is
101:
Fata
Morgana mirages significantly distort the object or objects on which they are based, often such that the object is completely unrecognizable. A Fata Morgana may be seen on land or at sea, in polar regions, or in deserts. It may involve almost any kind of distant object, including boats, islands,
886:
phenomenon. This would also explain the way in which the legend has changed over time: The first reports were of a stationary light, which in a Fata
Morgana effect would be an image of a campfire. In more recent reports this has changed to moving lights, which in an inversion reflection such as Fata
819:
We were going along smoothly and all of a sudden a mountain peak seemed to rise up out of nowhere up ahead. We looked again and it was gone. A couple of minutes later it popped up again rising some 300 feet higher than our altitude. We never seemed to get any closer to it. The peak just kept popping
768:
The people of
Buffalo, N.Y., were treated to a remarkable mirage, between ten and eleven o'clock, on the morning of 16 August, . It was the city of Toronto with its harbor and small island to the south of the city. Toronto is fifty-six miles from Buffalo, but the church spires could be counted with
643:
organised the
Crocker Land Expedition, which set out to reach and explore the supposed land mass. On 21 April, the members of the expedition did, in fact, see what appeared to be a huge island on the north-western horizon. As MacMillan later said, "Hills, valleys, snow-capped peaks extending through
200:
as seen from San
Francisco; the images were all taken on the same day. In the first fourteen frames, elements of the Fata Morgana mirage display alternations of compressed and stretched zones. The last two frames were photographed a few hours later, around sunset time. At that point in time, the air
867:
As is well known, atmospheric ducting is the explanation for certain optical mirages, and in particular the arctic illusion called "fata morgana" where distant ocean or surface ice, which is essentially flat, appears to the viewer in the form of vertical columns and spires, or "castles in the air".
716:
A Mirage – The atmospheric phenomenon known as "mirage" might have been observed on Sunday evening between 6 and 7 o'clock, by looking towards the lake. The line beyond which this phenomenon was observable seemed to strike from about the middle portion of
Amherst Island across to the southeast, for
663:
The day was exceptionally clear, not a cloud or trace of mist; if land could be seen, now was our time. Yes, there it was! It could even be seen without a glass, extending from southwest true to north-northeast. Our powerful glasses, however, brought out more clearly the dark background in contrast
539:, which had among its objectives the location and exploration of Sannikov Land. The expedition was unsuccessful in this respect. Toll and three others were lost after they departed their ship, which was stuck in ice for the winter, and embarked on a risky expedition by dog sled. In 1937, the Soviet
351:
Fata
Morgana, phr. : It. : a peculiar mirage occasionally seen on the coasts of the Straits of Messina, locally attributed to a fay Morgana. Hence, metaph. any illusory appearance. 1818 In mountainous regions, deceptions of sight, Fata Morgana, &c., are more common: In E. Burl's Lett.
606:
reported that, in March 1823, while on a voyage to the Antarctic and southern Pacific Ocean, he had explored what he thought was the east coast of New South Greenland. The west coast of New South Greenland had been explored two years earlier by Robert Johnson, who had given the land its name. This
871:
People often assume that mirages occur only rarely. This may be true of optical mirages, but conditions for radar mirages are more common, due to the role played by water vapor which strongly affects the atmospheric refractivity in relation to radio waves. Since clouds are closely associated with
442:
415:
A Fata Morgana superior mirage of a ship can take many different forms. Even when the boat in the mirage does not seem to be suspended in the air, it still looks ghostly, and unusual, and what is even more important, it is ever-changing in its appearance. Sometimes a Fata Morgana causes a ship to
588:
Ross made two errors. First, he refused to listen to the counsel of his officers, who may have been more familiar with mirages than he was. Second, his attempt to honour Croker by naming a mountain range after him backfired when the mountains turned out to be non-existent. Ross could not obtain
141:, especially over large sheets of ice that have a uniform low temperature. It may, however, be observed in almost any area. In polar regions the Fata Morgana phenomenon is observed on relatively cold days. In deserts, over oceans, and over lakes, a Fata Morgana may be observed on hot days.
1930:
All the Navy weathermen at Detachment 'C' agree that the most startling weather phenomena they have encountered in Antarctica is 'Fata Morgana,' an optimal illusion that is caused by a temperature inversion over the ice and which makes everything look like a mirage and appear distorted or
426:
191:
with more than three distorted erect and inverted images. Because of the constantly changing conditions of the atmosphere, a Fata Morgana may change in various ways within just a few seconds of time, including changing to become a straightforward superior mirage. The sequential image
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with the white, the whole resembling hills, valleys and snow-capped peaks to such a degree that, had we not been out on the frozen sea for 150 miles , we would have staked our lives upon its reality. Our judgment then, as now, is that this was a mirage or loom of the sea ice.
1003:
In the lines, "the weary traveller sees / In desert or prairie vast, / Blue lakes, overhung with trees / That a pleasant shadow cast", because of the mention of blue lakes, it is clear that the author is actually describing not a Fata Morgana, but rather a common inferior or
260:
figure rather than a human woman. The early works featuring Morgan do not elaborate on her nature, other than describing her role as that of a fairy or magician. Later, she was described as a King Arthur's half-sister and an enchantress. After King Arthur's final
318:, in his 1654 treatise "Physiologia Epicuro-Gassendo-Charltoniana", devotes several pages to the description of the Morgana of Rhegium, in the Strait of Messina (Book III, Chap. II, Sect. II). He records that a similar phenomenon was reported in Africa by
1043:, in which the narrator states: "On many occasions the curious atmospheric effects enchanted me vastly; these including a strikingly vivid mirage—the first I had ever seen—in which distant bergs became the battlements of unimaginable cosmic castles."
57:
53:
55:
1892: Mountains take on strange shapes, sometimes appearing to grow atop each other upside down. Other mountains seem displaced as peaks 120 miles away or more can be seen as if they were just across the ice-covered McMurdo Sound.
205:
to be not as extreme as it was few hours before. A mirage was still present at that point, but it was not so complex as a few hours before sunset: the mirage was no longer a Fata Morgana, but instead had become a simple superior mirage.
102:
and the coastline. Often, a Fata Morgana changes rapidly. The mirage comprises several inverted (upside down) and upright images stacked on top of one another. Fata Morgana mirages also show alternating compressed and stretched zones.
772:
This mirage is what is known as that of the third order; that is, the object looms up far above the level and not inverted, as with mirages of the first and second orders, but appearing like a perfect landscape far away in the sky.
56:
454:
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at least one hundred and twenty degrees of the horizon". Piugaattoq, a member of the expedition and an Inuit hunter with 20 years of experience of the area, explained that it was just an illusion. He called it
410:
A nineteenth-century book illustration, showing enlarged superior mirages; mirages can never be so far above the horizon, and a superior mirage can never increase the length of an object as shown on the
1894: The Fata Morgana, Chief Horner explained, is an optical illusion caused when the air is clear by the fact that the air aloft is warmer than the air at the surface of Antarctica.
1933: 'It's amazing to look out towards the Ross Ice Shelf and see Mount Discovery or the Royal Society Mountain Range look almost inverted or stretched out for miles,' Miller said
1852:
448:
In this mirage, at least three separate images of a boat are visible. The real one at the bottom and the uppermost one are in the upright position, whereas the one in the middle is inverted.
1016:
wrote about "Fata Morgana's castles in the air". The idea of castles in the air was probably so irresistible that many languages still use the phrase Fata Morgana to describe a mirage.
669:
The expedition collected interesting samples, but is still considered to be a failure and a very expensive mistake. The final cost was $ 100,000 (equivalent to $ 2.3 million in 2023).
297:). Ever since that time, Fata Morgana has been associated with Sicily in the Italian folklore and literature. For example, a local legend connects Morgan and her magical mirages with
2023:
Pettigrew, John D. (2003) "The Min Min light and the Fata Morgana: An optical account of a mysterious Australian phenomenon", Clinical and Experimental Optometry, V86#2 pp. 109–120
54:
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also tried and failed to find Sannikov Land. Some historians and geographers have theorised that the land mass that Sannikov and Toll saw was actually Fata Morganas of
289:(the supposedly hollow mountain locally identified as Avalon since the 12th century), but also with sirens. In a medieval French Arthurian romance of the 13th century,
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in Canada, he sighted, in the distance, a land mass with mountains, directly ahead in the ship's course. He named the mountain range the Croker Mountains, after First
420:
a mirage. On the other hand, if the real ship is still above the horizon, the image of it can be duplicated many times and elaborately distorted by a Fata Morgana.
1030:, the crew sees a Fata Morgana (called an "arctic mirage" in the book) of four ships trapped in the ice. As they try to approach the ships the mirage vanishes.
40:
2008:
180:
527:. Sannikov reported this sighting of a "new land" in 1811, and the supposed island was named after him. Three-quarters of a century later, in 1886, Baron
1888: On four of the five days during which the blizzard blew continuously, the Fata Morgana appeared and lasted from four to twelve hours.
117:
has formed. In calm weather, a layer of significantly warmer air may rest over colder dense air, forming an atmospheric duct that acts like a refracting
536:
1436:
1952:
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as an apparent object hovering in the sky. A Fata Morgana can also magnify such an object vertically and make it look absolutely unrecognizable.
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claimed to have seen, while on a 1906 Arctic expedition, a land mass in the distance. He said that it was north-west from the highest point of
1989:
1646:
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1419:
1390:
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1319:
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Lake Ontario Is famous for beautiful and wonderful mirages, during which the opposite shore of the lake is plainly visible from either side.
1238:
535:
explorer in Russian service, reported observing Sannikov Land during another expedition to the New Siberian Islands. In 1900, he would lead
209:
Fata Morgana mirages are visible to the naked eye, but in order to be able to see the detail within them, it is best to view them through
32:
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is usually spotted from afar, sometimes seen to be glowing with ghostly light. One of the possible explanations of the origin of the
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36:
A Fata Morgana seen over the Baltic Sea, 2016. The mirage consists of multiple upright and inverted images over the original object.
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304:
1632:
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has to be strong enough that the curvature of the light rays within the inversion layer is stronger than the curvature of the
1080:
684:, Ireland. Hy Brasil has been drawn on ancient maps as a perfectly circular island with a river running directly through it.
559:
700:. Top image shows a regular view and the bottom shows the mirage effect, causing visual distortion to the distant shoreline.
482:
In the 19th and early 20th centuries, Fata Morgana mirages may have played a role in a number of unrelated "discoveries" of
460:
Superimposed detail from six frames of a view showing how the miraged image of a ship changes from one moment to the next
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ships, or funds, from the government for his subsequent expeditions, and was forced to rely on private backers instead.
1039:
577:, and ordered the ship to turn around and return to England. Several of his officers protested, including First Mate
704:
Lake Ontario is said to be famous for mirages, with opposite shorelines becoming clearly visible during the events.
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name was not adopted, however, and the area, which is the northern part of the Antarctic Peninsula, is now known as
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991:
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appear to float inside the waves, at other times an inverted ship appears to sail above its real companion.
1839:
406:
1090:
918:
A Fata Morgana is usually associated with something mysterious, something that never could be approached.
498:, or the uneven surface of the ice itself, may have contributed to the illusion of distant land features.
1956:
285:
in the waters around Sicily lured the unwary to their death. Morgan is associated not only with Sicily's
109:
occurs because rays of light bend when they pass through air layers of different temperatures in a steep
1522:
1266:
839:
811:
432:
The appearance of two ships changing owing to the Fata Morgana phenomenon: the four frames in the first
322:, a Greek historian writing in the first century BC, and that the Rhegium Fata Morgana was described by
269:. In medieval times, suggestions for the location of Avalon included the other side of the Earth at the
202:
145:
110:
45:
179:
161:
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to really make out the mirage. The "cloud" that the article mentions a few times probably refers to a
578:
524:
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in order to be able to see a Fata Morgana. Fata Morgana may be observed from any altitude within the
1886:
October is also the month when Antarctica's equivalent of the desert mirage occurs most frequently.
759:
743:
629:
598:
516:
433:
388:
226:
1212:
Avalon in Norris J. Lacy, editor, The Arthurian Encyclopedia (1986 Peter Bedrick Books, New York).
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objects such as UFOs. A Fata Morgana can display an object that is located below the astronomical
1767:
1253:
1242:
1052:
574:
327:
106:
2033:
1913:
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Fata Morgana mirages may continue to trick some observers and are still sometimes mistaken for
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1985:
1824:
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in Antarctica, Fata Morganas are often seen during the Antarctic spring and summer, across
167:
2012:
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1057:
1034:
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567:
379:
372:
1732:
1500:
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may also be due to Fata Morgana mirages. Official UFO investigations in France indicate:
252:, also known as Morgana and other variants, who was described as a powerful sorceress in
1666:
1180:
Encyclopedia of Fairies: Hobgoblins, Brownies, Boogies, and Other Supernatural Creatures
899:
547:
520:
512:
222:
218:
153:
98:, and were described as fairy castles in the air or false land conjured by her magic.
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249:
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118:
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17:
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326:, a Greek philosopher of the sixth century AD. In addition, Charleton tells us that
129:
1890: That's when phantom cliffs and coast lines are plainly visible.
1122:
681:
625:
231:
138:
1870:"Optical illusions among strange effects of weather; winds give cold its severity"
1938:
1899:
1789:
164:, from sea level up to mountaintops, and even including the view from airplanes.
1414:]. Vol. 1356 (4th ed.). Moscow: Molodaya Guardia. pp. 77–78.
1356:]. Vol. 1356 (4th ed.). Moscow: Molodaya Guardia. pp. 41–42.
1134:
1070:
887:
Morgana would be headlights over the horizon being reflected by the inversion.
608:
528:
475:
256:. As her name indicates, the figure of Morgan appears to have been originally a
1726:
754:
1804:"Daily News (Kingston, ON), July 9, 1866: Maritime History of the Great Lakes"
1483:"John Ross – The Arctic and More – 19th century – Pathfinders and Passageways"
848:
731:
726:". It is often the case when observing a Fata Morgana that one needs to use a
436:
are of ship No. 1, and the four frames in the second column are of ship No. 2.
392:
286:
210:
201:
was cooler while the ocean was probably a little bit warmer, which caused the
1165:
Annotated bibliography of mirages, green flashes, atmospheric refraction, etc
1638:
1385:]. Vol. 1356 (4th ed.). Moscow: Molodaya Guardia. p. 60.
1163:
823:
Rear Adm. Fred E. Bakutis, commanding the Antarctic Navy Support Activities
727:
723:
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Here the described mirages of vessels "could only be seen with the aid of a
487:
323:
270:
214:
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up and down, getting higher and higher and higher every time it reappeared.
680:
is an island that was said to appear once every few years off the coast of
2122:
1712:
A Wretched and Precarious Situation: In Search of the Last Arctic Frontier
1222:
906:, reported first in 1907. After an unfruitful search, it was deemed to be
384:
342:
843:
A Fata Morgana distorting the images of distant boats beyond recognition
1746:
852:
633:
495:
491:
632:, which is situated in what is now the northern Canadian territory of
1005:
926:
903:
483:
274:
266:
188:
83:
1768:"The Mirage: Conditions that make possible this beautiful illusion"
1689:
920:
859:
838:
753:
691:
469:
405:
303:
257:
178:
166:
149:
128:
94:
of Arthurian legend). These mirages are often seen in the Italian
50:
39:
31:
649:
1267:"The Fata Morgana, Elusive Phenomenon in the Strait of Messina"
1234:
1232:
337:
in English, in 1818, referred to such a mirage noticed in the
882:
Fata Morgana mirages could explain the mysterious Australian
248:
La Fata Morgana ("The Fairy Morgana") is the Italian name of
1981:
If the universe is teeming with aliens – where is everybody?
1312:
Don't Shoot the Albatross!: Nautical Myths and Superstitions
1118:
1116:
1114:
1112:
1110:
1108:
925:
An unrealistic 1886 drawing of a "Fata Morgana" mirage in a
639:
In 1913, unaware that Crocker Land was merely an invention,
293:, she is called "mistress of the fairies of the salt sea" (
187:
A Fata Morgana may be described as a very complex superior
86:
visible in a narrow band right above the horizon. The term
707:
In July 1866, mirages of boats and islands were seen from
44:
A Fata Morgana of a container ship seen off the coast of
747:
described a "remarkable mirage" seen by the citizens of
1725:
MacMillan, Donald Baxter; Ekblaw, Walter Elmer (1918).
1295:
The Stanford Dictionary of Anglicised Words and Phrases
310:
The Fata Morgana, As Observed in the Harbour of Messina
523:
during their 1809–1810 cartographic expedition to the
301:
and the Norman conquest of the island from the Arabs.
240:, were the first to study it in a laboratory setting.
2034:"Catalogue of place names in northern East Greenland"
1336:
Exploring polar frontiers: a historical encyclopedia.
330:
described the Rhegium mirage in his book of travels.
196:
shows sixteen photographic frames of a mirage of the
562:
led an expedition to discover the long-sought-after
133:
Schematic diagram explaining the Fata Morgana mirage
152:. Under these conditions, the rays bend and create
61:
A Fata Morgana changing the shape of a distant boat
1254:The Sea-side Companion, Or, Marine Natural History
1033:The Fata Morgana is briefly mentioned in the 1936
391:that can never go home, and is doomed to sail the
217:, or as is the case in the images here, through a
90:is the Italian translation of "Morgan the Fairy" (
490:land masses which were later shown not to exist.
2096:Revolutionizes Submarine Warfare in World War II
1863:
1861:
1634:Antarctica: Exploration, Perception and Metaphor
478:, with a boat at the left hand side of the image
1835:: 115. 25 August 1894 – via Google Books.
1298:, page 388, by Charles Augustus Maude Fennell,
931:
865:
817:
766:
714:
661:
348:
1527:. New York: J & J Harper. pp. 69–70.
1178:Briggs, Katharine (1978). "Morgan le Fay." In
1554:. Santa Barbara: ABC-CLIO. pp. 434–435.
403:legend is a Fata Morgana mirage seen at sea.
236:(1744–1806), who observed Fata Morgana above
156:. An observer needs to be within or below an
144:To generate the Fata Morgana phenomenon, the
67:
8:
2098:. University of Illinois Press. p. 34.
2069:"Longfellow: Fata Morgana, Birds of Passage"
1855:Vol. XII.. M. Gould, Manchester, N. H. 1894.
1412:Admiral Kolchak, the supreme ruler of Russia
1383:Admiral Kolchak, the supreme ruler of Russia
1354:Admiral Kolchak, the supreme ruler of Russia
1338:ABC CLIO Publishers, Oxford, United Kingdom.
1868:Perkinson, William J. (11 November 1966).
1408:Адмирал Колчак, верховный правитель России
1379:Адмирал Колчак, верховный правитель России
1350:Адмирал Колчак, верховный правитель России
758:Mirage of the Canadian coast as seen from
519:claimed to have seen a land mass north of
265:, Morgan takes her half-brother Arthur to
1330:
1328:
810:. An Antarctic Fata Morgana, seen from a
1076:Looming and similar refraction phenomena
137:A Fata Morgana is most commonly seen in
1665:. Alumni & Friends!. Archived from
1104:
422:
1914:"El Pasoan studies Antarctica weather"
1281:"The Count Roger and the Fata Morgana"
537:still another expedition to the region
474:A Fata Morgana of the sea surface and
77:
7:
1984:. New York: Copernicus. p. 30.
938:In the lonely fields, and the throng
171:A sequence of a Fata Morgana of the
1524:A Narrative of Four Voyages ... etc
1731:. Harper & Brothers. pp.
295:La mestresse fées de la mer salée
183:The above sequence as an animation
25:
1876:. Baltimore, Maryland. p. C1
1663:"UI Alumni Association – Welcome"
983:It is gone, and I wonder and wait
794:rather than to an actual mirage.
352:N. Scotl., Vol. II. p. in (1818).
2121:
1955:. 7 October 2011. Archived from
1937:
1898:
1838:
1788:
1435:White, Calvin S. (16 May 1937).
976:In the beautiful land of dreams.
786:This description might refer to
696:Fata Morgana on Lake Ontario in
453:
441:
425:
1920:. 19 February 1973. p. B–1
1853:Miscellaneous Notes and Queries
979:But when I would enter the gate
956:Blue lakes, overhung with trees
359:Famous legends and observations
2036:. Geological Survey of Denmark
1631:Simpson-Housley, Paul (1992).
1182:, p. 303. New York: Pantheon.
1081:Mirage of astronomical objects
943:I approach and ye vanish away,
1:
2144:Atmospheric optical phenomena
2006:Electromagnetic-Wave Ducting
1728:Four Years in the White North
1548:Mills, William James (2003).
1314:. A&C Black, London, UK.
1239:Vanishing Tricks of a Goddess
970:So I wander and wander along,
965:That vanish as he draws nigh,
961:Fair towns with turrets high,
947:But ever by night and by day,
945:I grasp you, and ye are gone;
658:Four Years in the White North
333:An early mention of the term
277:, and other locations in the
1928:– via Newspapers.com.
1884:– via Newspapers.com.
1782:– via Newspapers.com.
985:For the vision to reappear.
972:And forever before me gleams
958:That a pleasant shadow cast;
940:Of the crowded thoroughfare!
858:Some UFOs which are seen on
798:McMurdo Sound and Antarctica
2090:Fluckey, Eugene B. (1997).
1609:The Siege of the South Pole
1581:The Siege of the South Pole
1135:Atmospheric Optics Glossary
1040:At the Mountains of Madness
967:Like mists together rolled—
2165:
2056:Henry Wadsworth Longfellow
1774:. 10 April 1909. p. 5
1521:Morrell, Benjamin (1832).
1437:"U.S.S.R. Opens Far North"
1123:An Introduction to Mirages
992:Henry Wadsworth Longfellow
981:Of that golden atmosphere,
963:And shining roofs of gold,
954:In desert or prairie vast,
952:As the weary traveler sees
835:Unidentified flying object
832:
618:
596:
572:Secretary to the Admiralty
505:
370:
175:as seen from San Francisco
2149:Italian words and phrases
1551:Exploring Polar Frontiers
1086:The House in Fata Morgana
974:The shining city of song,
936:That tempt me everywhere,
934:O sweet illusions of song
308:An 1844 drawing entitled
79:[ˈfaːtamorˈɡaːna]
68:
2092:Thunder Below!: The USS
1747:"The UnMuseum – Mirages"
1406:Zyryanov, P. N. (2012).
1377:Zyryanov, P. N. (2012).
1348:Zyryanov, P. N. (2012).
1310:Eyers, Jonathan (2011).
1014:Christoph Martin Wieland
125:Observing a Fata Morgana
2011:22 October 2008 at the
1300:John Frederick Stanford
1147:Durst and Bull (1956).
949:The melody soundeth on.
814:flight, was recounted:
641:Donald Baxter MacMillan
621:Crocker Land Expedition
281:. Legends claimed that
82:) is a complex form of
1012:The 18th-century poet
1001:
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184:
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134:
62:
48:
37:
2128:Fata Morgana (mirage)
1978:Webb, Steven (2002).
1825:"A mirage at Buffalo"
1710:Welky, David (2017).
1256:p. 33 by Mary Roberts
924:
842:
757:
695:
473:
409:
307:
182:
170:
132:
60:
46:Oceanside, California
43:
35:
18:Fata morgana (mirage)
2130:at Wikimedia Commons
1772:Buffalo Evening News
1489:on 14 December 2008.
1334:Mills, W. J., 2003,
1201:Trioedd Ynys Prydein
1023:about the submarine
579:William Edward Parry
525:New Siberian Islands
1918:El Paso Herald–Post
1829:Scientific American
1269:. 28 December 2020.
779:Scientific American
760:Rochester, New York
744:Scientific American
741:On 25 August 1894,
630:Cape Thomas Hubbard
599:New South Greenland
593:New South Greenland
517:Matvei Gedenschtrom
291:Floriant et Florete
2071:. 17 December 2015
1953:"The Guys at Work"
1669:on 4 December 2008
1641:. pp. 57–69.
1462:"Croker Mountains"
1441:The New York Times
1243:Imogen Rhia Herrad
1151:. pp. 237–42.
1053:Atmospheric optics
930:
845:
764:
702:
575:John Wilson Croker
566:. When he reached
480:
413:
328:Athanasius Kircher
313:
185:
177:
162:Earth's atmosphere
135:
107:optical phenomenon
63:
49:
38:
27:Optical phenomenon
2126:Media related to
1991:978-0-387-95501-8
1959:on 7 October 2011
1688:Rawlins, Dennis.
1648:978-0-415-08225-9
1604:Mill, Hugh Robert
1576:Mill, Hugh Robert
1561:978-1-57607-422-0
1501:"Superior Mirage"
1421:978-5-235-03375-7
1392:978-5-235-03375-7
1363:978-5-235-03375-7
1320:978-1-4081-3131-2
896:Fata Morgana Land
749:Buffalo, New York
709:Kingston, Ontario
564:Northwest Passage
339:Strait of Messina
299:Roger I of Sicily
263:battle at Camlann
203:thermal inversion
146:thermal inversion
111:thermal inversion
96:Strait of Messina
58:
16:(Redirected from
2156:
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2054:Fata Morgana by
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2015:
2004:V. R. Eshleman.
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781:, 25 August 1894
762:on 16 April 1871
604:Benjamin Morrell
554:Croker Mountains
494:frozen into the
457:
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429:
320:Diodorus Siculus
316:Walter Charleton
254:Arthurian legend
235:
225:(1740–1805) and
198:Farallon Islands
173:Farallon Islands
158:atmospheric duct
115:atmospheric duct
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1283:. 9 May 2012.
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2073:. Retrieved
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2038:. Retrieved
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2019:
2000:
1980:
1973:
1963:17 September
1961:. Retrieved
1957:the original
1947:
1929:
1922:. Retrieved
1917:
1908:
1885:
1878:. Retrieved
1873:
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1828:
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1807:. Retrieved
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1776:. Retrieved
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1693:. Retrieved
1683:
1671:. Retrieved
1667:the original
1657:
1637:. New York:
1633:
1626:
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1580:
1570:
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1523:
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1504:. Retrieved
1495:
1487:the original
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1465:. Retrieved
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1444:. Retrieved
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1203:, pp. 274–75
1200:
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1149:Met. Mag. 85
1148:
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1064:Fata Morgana
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1019:In the book
1018:
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996:Fata Morgana
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682:County Kerry
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345:and Sicily.
335:Fata Morgana
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88:Fata Morgana
87:
69:Fata Morgana
66:
64:
29:
1695:18 December
1588:. pp.
1094:(2020 film)
1071:Green flash
1066:(1971 film)
609:Graham Land
541:icebreaker
529:Eduard Toll
476:sun glitter
230: [
2138:Categories
1931:stretched.
1616:. p.
1612:. London:
1584:. London:
1446:4 November
1199:Bromwich,
1100:References
1092:Summerland
732:binoculars
393:seven seas
389:ghost ship
341:, between
287:Mount Etna
211:binoculars
1639:Routledge
1025:USS
891:Greenland
878:Australia
792:inversion
790:owing to
728:telescope
724:telescope
678:Hy Brasil
673:Hy Brasil
560:John Ross
488:antarctic
324:Damascius
271:antipodes
244:Etymology
215:telescope
113:where an
2075:14 April
2040:21 April
2009:Archived
1809:14 April
1752:14 April
1673:14 April
1606:(1905).
1578:(1905).
1506:14 April
1467:14 April
1047:See also
989:—
496:pack ice
492:Icebergs
385:folklore
343:Calabria
75:Italian:
902:in the
853:horizon
788:looming
646:poo-jok
634:Nunavut
387:, is a
2102:
1988:
1924:2 July
1880:2 July
1778:2 July
1645:
1558:
1531:
1418:
1389:
1360:
1318:
1186:
1006:desert
998:(1873)
927:desert
904:Arctic
484:arctic
434:column
411:right.
283:sirens
275:Sicily
267:Avalon
189:mirage
1592:–162.
1410:[
1381:[
1352:[
898:is a
860:radar
802:From
656:from
543:Sadko
258:fairy
234:]
150:Earth
2100:ISBN
2094:Barb
2077:2016
2042:2016
1986:ISBN
1965:2020
1926:2018
1882:2018
1811:2016
1780:2018
1754:2016
1735:–88.
1697:2012
1675:2016
1643:ISBN
1556:ISBN
1529:ISBN
1508:2016
1469:2016
1448:2011
1416:ISBN
1387:ISBN
1358:ISBN
1316:ISBN
1184:ISBN
1027:Barb
829:UFOs
736:duct
698:Ajax
650:mist
581:and
531:, a
515:and
486:and
377:The
364:The
213:, a
194:here
154:arcs
119:lens
105:The
1618:109
1590:161
1241:by
730:or
2140::
1916:.
1872:.
1860:^
1833:71
1831:.
1827:.
1770:.
1733:87
1439:.
1327:^
1231:^
1107:^
994:,
910:.
751:.
738:.
711:.
550:.
273:,
232:sl
221:.
65:A
2108:.
2079:.
2058:.
2044:.
1994:.
1967:.
1813:.
1756:.
1714:.
1699:.
1677:.
1651:.
1620:.
1564:.
1537:.
1510:.
1471:.
1450:.
1424:.
1395:.
1366:.
1322:.
1225:.
1190:.
1168:.
73:(
20:)
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