1923:
the
Fatherland Party. It is also known that several higher officials - including Prussian government presidents - forced the staff of the departments and authorities they headed to join the party. The party tried harder to attract workers, especially after the January strike. A guideline for party speakers had previously stated that the worker "must gain the understanding that he is serving himself by joining our party; because our party especially serves the welfare of the workers by advocating a peace that secures our economic future." As early as January 1918, the party officially claimed to have over 290,000 "registered workers" in its ranks.
1696:
parliamentarization of Reich policy, and the government's commitment to the DVLP line were deleted on 24 September 1917, without comment. The party promised not to put up its own candidates for
Reichstag elections, and the "internal dispute" should rest until the war's end. However, this demonstration of disinterest was merely a tactical tool that arose from the DVLP's political concept. The main domestic political goal of the party leadership was clearly to force a dissolution of the Reichstag by employing extra-parliamentary pressure. This was justified with a populist and pseudo-democratic argument that parliament no longer portrayed the "
1594:
1874:. Huge sums of money were incurred for the maintenance and activities of the DVLP party apparatus, which were completely unusual for other contemporary parties. In addition, the party gave the bulk of its literature and other propaganda material completely free of charge. This effort could not possibly be covered only by membership fees and occasional donations. In the spring of 1918 alone, the sum of the initially uncovered expenses averaged 142,000 marks per month.
1275:
1817:. The party executive of the DVLP had a powerful, almost independent position - it could not be changed from within the party and chose new members if necessary. Decisions were made in small groups; according to the statute, the committee had a quorum when two (from April 1918 three) members were present. The Select Committee, abolished in April 1918, later included the eight people appointed in September 1917.
1914:
associations were set up as required. The local associations could only communicate with the party executive through the state associations. District associations were only to be interposed when needed; they had no members and only served the regional associations as administrative bodies. In July 1918, 32 state associations, 237 district associations, and 2,536 local associations across
Germany.
3203:
1602:
1768:
The
Fatherland Party held two congresses (on 24 September 1917 and 19 April 1918 in Berlin). The statute did not provide a delegation procedure, and every party member could participate in the party congresses, which were purely forums for acclamation. The Select Committee called a party congress. In
1922:
According to its own information, the DVLP had 450,000 members in March 1918, 1,250,000 in July, and 800,000 in
September. However, these numbers are considered highly exaggerated. At least, very likely, but more than half of the members belonged to "patriotic" clubs and associations affiliated with
1584:
Ludendorff, who ruled
Germany until 1918. During the rule of the "silent dictatorship" of Hindenburg and Ludendorff, the German government advocated a set of imperialist war aims calling for the annexation of most of Europe and Africa that in many ways were a prototype for the war aims of the Second
1686:
The war aims of the DVLP were concerted at every possible opportunity in "countless meetings (...) and a flood of declarations, appeals, writings, demands and telegrams to the Kaiser, the government, the
Reichstag, the Supreme Army Command and to the public" became known and popularized. Above all,
1569:
Though the
Tirpitz plan was not implemented, the very fact it was mooted showed the extent of military dissatisfaction with the existing leadership and the strength of the "state within the state" in that Tirpitz was not punished despite having essentially called for deposing the Emperor. In August
1437:
in "maintaining order." Finally, on 10 December 1918, the Reich
Committee of the DVLP, which only about 20 people visited, decided to dissolve the party. On this occasion, a three-member liquidation committee was established, which initiated the transfer of the party's assets to the German National
1470:
because of
Drexler's involvement. It should be considered that many historians challenge this position. In 1997, scholar Heinz HagenlĂŒcke argued that "the party was explicitly founded as a party and not a movement, members reflected the typical picture of high Wilhelmine society in contrast to the
1769:
addition, there was a Reich Committee composed of the Executive Board, the Select Committee, and 50 individuals to be determined by the party congress, but only met three times. In addition to Tirpitz, Johann Albrecht and Kapp, the DVLP board of directors was made up of the following people:
1913:
The DVLP had its central main management based in Berlin and was divided into state, district, and local associations at the middle and lower levels. The Berlin headquarters of the DVLP employed almost 150 members at the end of 1917. According to the statutes, the state, district, and local
1695:
In the first few months of its existence, the DVLP repeatedly emphasized its "national" character and its alleged domestic political neutrality. The call to members and supporters, which was still little veiled in the "Great Appeal," to stand up against a Prussian electoral reform, the
1546:
stated that the only thing that was keeping Germany from winning the war was the poor leadership of the Chancellor and the Emperor. His solution was a plan in which Bethmann-Hollweg would be sacked, and the office of Chancellor abolished; the Kaiser would "temporarily" abdicate; and
1609:
The official purpose for the existence of the Fatherland Party was to end the war victoriously and secure a "German peace." On 24 September 1917, Tirpitz had demanded a "correct solution to the Belgian question," a "safeguarding of the open sea lanes," "physical compensation" and a
2699:
Wherever Nicolai saw morale threatened, wherever he sensed a desire for peace, he went into the attack. He was behind the formation of the Fatherland Party with its chauvinistic and reactionary programme of conquest
1428:
effectively ended the existence of the DVLP. Until 28 November, the board met again and agreed to stop all "public activities." Furthermore, the members were asked to agitate for the early convocation of a
2339:
Deutsche Vaterlandspartei, in: Dieter Fricke (Ed.): The bourgeois parties in Germany. Handbook of the history of the bourgeois parties and other bourgeois interest organizations from VormÀrz to 1945
3338:
4257:
1560:," concentrating all political and military power into his hands to win the war. These positions continued to receive support from the Fatherland Party. Internally, there were calls for a
1348:
of July 1917, which called for a negotiated peace without annexations. The Fatherland Party is considered the first attempt at reconciliation and cooperation between the
4620:
3050:
3505:
3348:
1839:. Many former officers joined the DVLP; those on active duty were not permitted to participate in any political party. The party was officially dissolved during the
4570:
4550:
4545:
4575:
4298:
4288:
4565:
4560:
4250:
3710:
1862:
Head of the noticeably large head office of the party with its last nine departments and up to 137 employees were (one after the other) Kapp's close confidants
1877:
In addition to the support from the Pan-German League, the Fatherland Party also received additional support from a number of nationalist organizations and
4303:
3015:
1825:
The party's political influence peaked in the summer of 1918 when it had around 1,250,000 members. Close ties existed between the Fatherland Party and the
1455:
4625:
1303:
2931:
4243:
3996:
3236:
1123:
4615:
4580:
4177:
4393:
4373:
1405:
1833:) with the military providing the partyâs main source of funding and featuring statements from the party in the militaryâs official publication
4595:
4590:
4353:
4283:
359:
1737:
was made "Honorary Chairman". The party included many leading industrialists, large landowners, and business association officials, including
4605:
4585:
3470:
3139:
3108:
2148:
2281:
Der UnabhĂ€ngige AusschuĂ fĂŒr einen Deutschen Frieden als ein Zentrum der Annexionspropaganda des deutschen Imperialismus im ersten Weltkrieg
1397:
parties reacted inconsistently to the founding of the Fatherland Party. Many conservative parties expressly welcomed them. The board of the
4610:
4266:
3777:
3098:
238:
3440:
2171:
4555:
4481:
3624:
3607:
3182:
3065:
The German Right, 1918â1930: Political Parties, Organized Interests, and Patriotic Associations in the Struggle against Weimar Democracy
1434:
3515:
3480:
1425:
4293:
3425:
2829:
2787:
2764:
2561:
2457:
2410:
2266:
2049:
2002:
1979:
3705:
3085:
1644:
3964:
3868:
2995:
2865:
2729:
2591:
2513:
3166:
1840:
881:
801:
106:
2855:
4448:
4411:
1471:
lower class organizations of the Weimar Republic, which sociologically reached the lower-middle class, soldiers, and the youth."
1398:
4358:
3830:
3430:
1734:
3813:
3629:
3313:
2975:
2857:
Deutsche Sprachgeschichte 3: vom SpÀtmittelalter bis zur Gegenwart.: 19. Und 20. Jahrhundert (History of the German language)
1882:
1296:
4107:
3883:
3745:
3649:
3548:
3161:
2376:
Die Erben Bismarcks. Parteien und Verbiinde in der Spiitphase des Wilhelminischen Deutschlands Sammlungspolitik, 1897-1918
1659:
1166:
1081:
511:
4514:
4458:
4127:
3855:
3725:
3229:
3072:
836:
593:
146:
3120:
The Final Throw of the Dice. General Ludendorff: Morale, «Patriotic Instruction» and Imperial German Propaganda 1917-18
4383:
3922:
3835:
3287:
1894:
1349:
479:
1393:
on 2 September 1917. On 9 September, the DVLP made its existence public in newspaper advertisements. The established
1637:
should be brought into a closer relationship to Germany while avoiding any appearance of coercion (up to annexation)
1605:
Possible outcome of a German victory in Africa with German pre-WW1 possessions in dark blue and gains in medium blue
1601:
4486:
4388:
3845:
3757:
3735:
3654:
3639:
3455:
3435:
3277:
1533:
1515:
1345:
1014:
4443:
4097:
3282:
3177:
3017:
Between Monarchy and Dictatorship Radical Nationalism and Social Mobilization of the Pan-German League, 1914-1939
2095:
1738:
1668:"Freedom of the seas" - in the sense that the German fleet must be able to safeguard "German interests" worldwide
1289:
1251:
1156:
1009:
776:
4368:
4074:
4036:
3873:
3644:
1539:
1430:
1019:
886:
681:
568:
176:
2094:. ed. by Ute Daniel, Peter Gatrell, Oliver Janz, Heather Jones, Jennifer Keene, Alan Kramer, and Bill Nasson.
1451:
796:
646:
2906:. A contribution to the prehistory of the DAP / NSDAP, in: Archiv fĂŒr Sozialgeschichte, Vol. 12, pp. 351-432.
2904:
Between Repression and Manipulation: Conservative Power Elites and Workers 'and Employees' Movement 1910â1918
4600:
4509:
4504:
4438:
4430:
4363:
4235:
4210:
4084:
4064:
4041:
4021:
3981:
3944:
3893:
3767:
3730:
3500:
3222:
2677:
2089:
1890:
1493:
1161:
736:
163:
1898:
1843:
on 10 December 1918. Most of its members later joined the German National People's Party (DNVP), the major
4496:
4416:
4321:
4011:
3986:
3949:
3808:
3740:
3569:
3460:
3450:
1655:
1593:
1409:
1209:
1086:
686:
666:
411:
294:
4348:
4331:
4313:
4172:
3991:
3976:
3939:
3021:
2956:
2821:
2140:
1886:
1844:
1826:
1580:
1566:
against the German government, led by Hindenburg and Ludendorff, even against the Emperor if necessary.
1519:
1128:
816:
2481:
Manfred WeiĂbecker, German Fatherland Party, in: Dieter Fricke et al. (Hg.), Lexicon on party history.
2294:
Politik im Krieg 1914â1918. Studien zur Politik der deutschen herrschenden Klassen im ersten Weltkrieg.
1679:, with further payments to cover veterans' funds and to pay off all of Germany's existing national debt
1433:, to ensure that the "national forces" were gathered together, and, for the time being, to support the
1382:
846:
2029:
Hadry, 2007. Quote: "Party leaders and assets were transferred to the German National People's Party."
1450:
joined the German Fatherland Party. After the war, he would go on to form a similar organization, the
3954:
3898:
3782:
3720:
3715:
3685:
3617:
3595:
3543:
3445:
3156:
3127:
1549:
1510:
1199:
1039:
1029:
991:
558:
526:
494:
484:
401:
243:
124:
1835:
1050:
4476:
4403:
4137:
4031:
4006:
4001:
3878:
3823:
3762:
3668:
3399:
3333:
2947:
2607:
1867:
1863:
1790:
1758:
1553:
1489:
1093:
603:
588:
583:
573:
309:
233:
154:
4203:
4196:
4051:
4016:
3903:
3888:
3818:
3796:
3772:
3700:
3634:
3564:
3475:
3394:
3363:
3272:
3249:
3078:
3044:
2423:
2205:
1945:
1810:
1802:
1722:
1543:
1497:
1401:
offered to cooperate with the Fatherland Party and left party members the option to join it. The
1386:
1333:
1151:
1146:
1108:
936:
906:
876:
871:
628:
546:
289:
196:
191:
60:
2721:
2091:
German Fatherland Party, in: 1914-1918-online. International Encyclopedia of the First World War
1408:, which lost a noticeable number of members to the DVLP, expressly refused to work with it. The
806:
2174:[Burgfrieden and Domestic Policy: Military Dictatorship and Nationalist Mobilisation].
1798:
4378:
4340:
4157:
4132:
4079:
4026:
3840:
3612:
3404:
3135:
3104:
3094:
2991:
2971:
2861:
2825:
2783:
2760:
2725:
2683:
2587:
2557:
2453:
2406:
2262:
2144:
2045:
1998:
1975:
1794:
1402:
1374:
1241:
956:
841:
821:
766:
756:
656:
598:
563:
541:
284:
258:
181:
170:
1814:
4219:
4167:
4162:
4152:
4147:
4142:
3969:
3934:
3908:
3580:
3384:
3353:
3308:
3303:
3187:
2842:
2583:
2224:
2202:
From the beginning of the First World War to the founding of the two German states 1914â1949
2099:
1730:
1676:
1378:
1189:
1073:
1063:
966:
946:
941:
921:
521:
319:
3193:
1786:
1778:
1614:" secured for Germany. In the months that followed, the following ideas gradually emerged:
4122:
4117:
4112:
4059:
3485:
1848:
1357:
1321:
1279:
1224:
1113:
1103:
1057:
971:
751:
731:
696:
474:
314:
299:
17:
2306:
891:
3172:
4224:
4102:
4089:
3752:
3510:
3208:
3028:
2714:
2673:
1878:
1770:
1726:
1562:
1530:
1261:
1034:
986:
961:
931:
926:
916:
851:
786:
781:
771:
711:
706:
671:
661:
618:
531:
304:
279:
2815:
2208:
described the DVLP as quote, " the first right-wing radical proto-fascist mass party."
2134:
1274:
4539:
3465:
2932:"Reviving Germany: The Political Discourse of the German Fatherland Party, 1917-1918"
2811:
2317:
2130:
1871:
1742:
1714:
1672:
1648:
1640:
1485:
1467:
1447:
1390:
1356:, and militant nationalists of the extreme right who would become popular during the
1337:
981:
976:
911:
896:
861:
826:
791:
721:
716:
701:
613:
608:
499:
489:
364:
84:
72:
3033:
2039:
1458:, better known as the Nazi Party, that came to national power in January 1933 under
4524:
4519:
4468:
3850:
3525:
3520:
3495:
3490:
3389:
3343:
2576:
1852:
1806:
1782:
1762:
1754:
1750:
1746:
1697:
1663:
1597:
Alleged map of German plans for a new political order in Central and Eastern Europe
1505:
1463:
1459:
951:
856:
741:
691:
651:
553:
337:
159:
88:
55:
2172:"Burgfrieden und Innenpolitik: MilitÀrdiktatur und nationalistische Mobilisierung"
2636:
The bourgeois and petty-bourgeois parties and associations in Germany (1789â1945)
2483:
The bourgeois and petty-bourgeois parties and associations in Germany (1789-1945)
1774:
3860:
3574:
3409:
3358:
1856:
1718:
1717:– who would later play a key role in the failed coup in 1920 known as the
1634:
1611:
1341:
1219:
901:
866:
746:
726:
623:
505:
469:
421:
374:
342:
4069:
3690:
3198:
2228:
1619:
1526:
1353:
1194:
1068:
1044:
811:
761:
441:
381:
118:
4275:
3680:
3328:
2447:
2424:"Pan-Germanism (German political movement) â Britannica Online Encyclopedia"
2220:
Radicals and reactionaries: The Crisis of Conservatism in Wilhelmine Germany
2218:
1394:
1256:
1236:
1204:
1184:
1098:
1024:
831:
516:
431:
391:
347:
2509:
EDUARD MEYER IN THE YEARS OF THE FIRST WORLD WAR AND THE REPUBLIC OF WEIMAR
2507:
3118:
2921:
2449:
The Crisis of German Ideology: The Intellectual Origins of the Third Reich
2103:
2958:
Deutsche Vaterlandspartei: die nationale Rechte am Ende des Kaiserreiches
2258:
Deutsche Vaterlandspartei: Die nationale Rechte am Ende des Kaiserreiches
2241:
1501:
1246:
1231:
1214:
676:
578:
451:
446:
436:
416:
396:
386:
353:
265:
3063:
2279:
1729:, head of the military secret service, was also supportive. Media baron
3959:
3379:
3323:
3245:
2754:
1643:
created in territory carved out of the western Russian Empire, such as
1623:
536:
406:
369:
2679:
The general was a spy; the truth about General Gehlen and his spy ring
2084:
2082:
1687:
this should create the impression of a "primitive popular movement."
1522:
and the defamation of certain politicians as the November Criminals.
1118:
426:
2968:
German Fatherland Party. The national right at the end of the Empire
1944:
Or possibly 3 September, according to historians Jeffery Verhey and
1542:
played an essential role in the party. In MarchâApril 1915, Admiral
3214:
3318:
2777:
2400:
1994:
Germany, Propaganda and Total War, 1914-1918: The Sins of Omission
1627:
1600:
1592:
216:
210:
2256:
1992:
1969:
1416:) told party members on 12 October 1917 not to assist the DVLP.
3005:
Historisches Lexikon Bayerns: Deutsche Vaterlandspartei, 1917/18
2687:
2524:
2522:
4239:
3218:
1438:
Peopleâs Party (DNVP) and became finalized on 1 February 1919.
2638:. Volume 2, Bibliographisches Institut, Leipzig 1984, pp. 397.
1682:
France will partially disarm by demolishing its northern forts
222:
3339:
Chronology of warfare between the Romans and Germanic peoples
2114:
2112:
1518:
of July 1917. It played a vital role in the emergence of the
3132:
The Nemesis of Power The German Army in Politics 1918â1945
1514:
political circles, united in their opposition against the
2682:. New York: Coward, McCann & Geoghegan. p. 290.
2013:
2011:
2634:, in Dieter Fricke et al .: Lexicon for party history.
1901:. These organizations became collectively known as the
3194:
Wilhelmine Germany and the First World War (1890-1918)
2988:
Leaders & Personalities of the Third Reich, Vol. 1
1851:. Before the rise of the Nazi Party, it was the major
4299:
Independent Social Democratic Party of Germany (USPD)
3074:
Nationalism In The Era Of The Nation State, 1870-1945
2402:
The German Catastrophe: Reflections and Recollections
2556:. (Cambridge: Harvard University Press). pp. 41â45.
4495:
4467:
4429:
4402:
4339:
4330:
4312:
4274:
4050:
3921:
3795:
3667:
3594:
3557:
3536:
3418:
3372:
3296:
3265:
3256:
3178:
This Day in World War 1 History: SEPTEMBER 02, 1917
202:
190:
145:
131:
117:
102:
94:
78:
66:
54:
44:
32:
4304:Majority Social Democratic Party of Germany (MSPD)
4289:Social Democratic Workers' Party of Germany (SDAP)
3032:
2713:
2575:
2240:Bernd-JĂŒrgen Wendt, Peter-Christian Witt (1983).
3087:Völkisch and Anti-Democratic Thought before 1933
2860:(in German). Walter de Gruyter. pp. 28â29.
2243:German Conservatism in the 19th and 20th Century
1466:concluded that the Fatherland Party was pre- or
2779:Army, Industry, and Labor in Germany, 1914-1918
2540:
2528:
1725:, a naval minister and post-war party leader.
1664:contiguous German colony across central Africa
1574:military dictatorship under the duumvirate of
27:Far-right political party in the German Empire
4251:
3230:
2756:Imperial Germany and the Great War, 1914-1918
1651:, which would remain under German sovereignty
1377:, the German Fatherland Party was founded by
1297:
8:
3049:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
2582:. New York, New York: Macmillan Co. p.
2305:Jennifer Llewellyn, Steve Thompson, (2019).
1556:be given the new office of "Dictator of the
3349:Roman campaigns in Germania (12 BC â AD 16)
3039:. New York: Coward, McCann & Geoghegan.
4336:
4284:General German Workers' Association (ADAV)
4258:
4244:
4236:
3927:
3801:
3673:
3600:
3262:
3237:
3223:
3215:
3059:(1971). Hoffman and Campe Verlag: Hamburg.
1304:
1290:
253:
29:
2948:Deutsche Vaterlandspartei (DVLP), 1917/18
2923:Political Religion beyond Totalitarianism
4621:Political parties disestablished in 1918
4294:Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD)
2961:Doctoral Thesis, UniversitĂ€t DĂŒsseldorf.
2799:
2659:
2647:
2494:
2485:. 2nd volume, Leipzig 1984, pp. 291-403.
2469:
2387:
2350:
2118:
2073:
2061:
2017:
1456:National Socialist German Workers' Party
2930:Dempster, Troy Christopher (May 2006).
2378:(Berlin: Kiepenheuer und Witsch, 1970).
1961:
1937:
1761:, but also humanities scholars such as
264:
4571:Political parties of the German Empire
4551:Far-right political parties in Germany
4546:Christian political parties in Germany
3173:Short overview of the Fatherland Party
3042:
2608:"Bethmann Hollweg, Germany's War Aims"
2362:
2261:. German Studies Review. pp. 18, 402.
2041:Germany: The Long Road West, 1789â1933
4576:Political parties established in 1917
2817:The Wehrmacht: History, Myth, Reality
2716:Germany's aims in the First World War
2176:Bundeszentrale fĂŒr politische Bildung
2136:The Wehrmacht: History, Myth, Reality
1529:and supportive of the war efforts of
7:
4566:Defunct political parties in Germany
4561:German nationalist political parties
3100:The Rise and Fall of the Third Reich
1971:Tirpitz and the Imperial German Navy
1525:The Fatherland Party was decidedly
3103:. New York: Simon & Schuster.
2934:. University of Tennessee, Knoxvil
137:
25:
4626:1918 disestablishments in Germany
4487:German Social Reform Party (DSRP)
4384:National-Social Association (NSV)
2514:Saint Petersburg State University
2296:Berlin Akademie-Verlag. pp. 50â65
1484:The Fatherland Party represented
4394:Progressive People's Party (FVP)
4374:Free-minded People's Party (FVP)
3201:
2341:. Leipzig, Volume 1, pp. 620â628
1895:German Anti-Semitic Organization
1733:was also a prominent member and
1435:Council of the People's Deputies
1273:
4444:German Conservative Party (DkP)
4369:German Free-minded Party (DFsP)
4354:Democratic People's Party (DVP)
3441:German revolutions of 1848â1849
3410:Ostsiedlung (East Colonisation)
2893:Hofmeister, 2011, pp. 128, 489.
1735:Duke John Albert of Mecklenburg
4616:Right-wing populism in Germany
4581:1917 establishments in Germany
4515:Bavarian Peasants' League (BB)
3426:Early modern period, 1500â1800
3314:List of early Germanic peoples
2990:. R. James Bender Publishing.
2950:, Historisches Lexikon Bayerns
2554:Germany and the Two World Wars
2170:Kruse, Wolfgang (6 May 2013).
1883:German Eastern Marches Society
1662:would be enlarged to create a
1336:political party active in the
1:
4596:Monarchist parties in Germany
4591:National conservative parties
4510:German-Hanoverian Party (DHP)
4439:Free Conservative Party (FKP)
3549:History of Germany since 1990
3068:. Cambridge University Press.
3031:and Zolling, Hermann (1972).
2926:. Palgrave Macmillan, London.
512:Criticism of multiculturalism
4606:Right-wing parties in Europe
4586:Protestant political parties
4459:Conservative Party (Prussia)
4449:Christian Social Party (CSP)
4417:Imperial Liberal Party (LRP)
4412:National Liberal Party (NLP)
4359:German People's Party (DtVP)
4269:until the end of World War I
4267:Political parties in Germany
2552:Hillgruber, Andreas (1981).
2399:Meinecke, Friedrich (1951).
2307:Alpha History; WOLFGANG KAPP
2278:SchÀdlich, Karlheinz (1966)
1847:party in Germany during the
1660:German possessions in Africa
4611:Right-wing populist parties
4349:German Progress Party (DFP)
3167:Announcements from the DVLP
4642:
4556:Fascist parties in Germany
3456:North German Confederation
3436:Confederation of the Rhine
3014:Hofmeister, Björn (2011).
3009:Historische Lexikon Bayern
2986:Hamilton, Charles (1984).
2966:HagenlĂŒcke, Heinz (1997).
2753:Chickering, Roger (1998).
2506:Yurievich, Klimov (2017).
2255:HagenlĂŒcke, Heinz (1997).
2160:Dassen, 2013, pp. 161â187.
2088:Hofmeister, Björn (2016).
1516:Reichstag Peace Resolution
1406:Progressive People's Party
1346:Reichstag Peace Resolution
1015:Ukrainian national revival
18:Fatherland Party (Germany)
4482:German Social Party (DSP)
4477:German Reform Party (DRP)
4190:
3930:
3804:
3676:
3603:
3158:Deutsche Vaterlandspartei
3077:. History Faculty Works,
2854:Peter von Polenz (1999).
2744:HagenlĂŒcke, 1997, p. 164.
2574:Tuchman, Barbara (1962).
2229:10.1017/S0018246X00021105
2198:German history of society
2038:Heinrich, August (2008).
1859:party in Weimar Germany.
1739:Georg Wilhelm von Siemens
1713:The party's leaders were
1630:and the Longwy ore basins
1589:Foreign policy objectives
1454:, which later became the
1340:during the last phase of
1326:Deutsche Vaterlandspartei
1010:Anti-Administration party
229:
38:Deutsche Vaterlandspartei
3608:Administrative divisions
3055:Published in Germany as
2920:Dassen, Patrick (2013).
2776:Feldman, Gerald (1966).
2720:. W. W. Norton. p.
2337:Ullrich, Robert (1968).
2096:Freie UniversitÀt Berlin
1658:was to be expanded. The
1352:, characteristic of the
1124:Election of Donald Trump
177:Expansionist nationalism
4454:German Fatherland Party
3071:Judson, Pieter (2011).
2882:German Fatherland Party
2712:Fischer, Fritz (1967).
2632:German Fatherland Party
2446:Fertig, Howard (1964).
2318:Wolfgang Kapp Biography
1968:Kelly, Patrick (2011).
1891:German Colonial Society
1570:1916, Germany became a
1318:German Fatherland Party
192:Political position
35:German Fatherland Party
4379:Free-minded Union (FV)
4322:Centre Party (Zentrum)
3869:Science and technology
3570:History of Brandenburg
3461:Unification of Germany
3451:Frankfurt Constitution
3090:. Buchenwald Memorial.
2902:Stegmann, Dirk (1972)
2365:, pp. 36â37, 183.
2217:Peck, Abraham (1978).
1881:. Among them were the
1656:German colonial empire
1606:
1598:
1581:Generalquartiermeister
1399:National Liberal Party
1325:
1210:Democratic backsliding
412:Jeffersonian democracy
4389:Democratic Union (DV)
3506:Flight and expulsions
3134:. London: Macmillan.
3128:Wheeler-Bennett, John
3123:. University of Kent.
3062:Jones, Larry (2020).
3035:The General Was a Spy
3022:Georgetown University
2946:Hadry, Sarah (2007).
2880:WeiĂbecker, Manfred.
2841:Geoff Eley, op.cit.,
2328:Judson, 2011, p. 508.
2104:10.15463/ie1418.10992
2098:. Berlin 2016-10-26.
1991:Welch, David (2000).
1868:Franz Ferdinand Eiffe
1864:Georg Wilhelm Schiele
1845:national-conservative
1831:Oberste Heeresleitung
1604:
1596:
1520:stab-in-the-back myth
1452:German Workers' Party
1410:Catholic Centre Party
1129:Yellow vests protests
136:1,250,000 (July 1918
4505:Saxon People's Party
4178:World Heritage Sites
3856:German states by GDP
3446:German Confederation
3117:Welch, David (2014)
3084:MĂŒller, Tim (2016).
3020:. PhD Dissertation,
2953:HagenlĂŒcke, Heinz (1
2630:Manfred WeiĂbecker:
2541:Wheeler-Bennett 1967
2529:Wheeler-Bennett 1967
2292:Klein, Fritz (1964)
2204:, p. 108; Historian
1909:Party infrastructure
1827:Supreme Army Command
1803:Ernst Schweckendieck
1721:– and Admiral
1576:Generalfeldmarschall
1550:Generalfeldmarschall
1446:During World War I,
1442:Subsequent influence
1332:) was a short-lived
1200:Classical radicalism
559:Grassroots democracy
527:Economic nationalism
485:Anti-intellectualism
402:Jacksonian democracy
125:Alldeutscher Verband
3814:Automobile industry
3400:Carolingian dynasty
3334:History of the Huns
2982:Droste, DĂŒsseldorf.
1932:Informational notes
1836:MilitÀr-Wochenblatt
1799:Franz von Reichenau
1791:Wilhelm von Siemens
1691:Domestic neutrality
1480:Political positions
1426:November Revolution
1280:Politics portal
1094:Revolutions of 1989
822:Le Pen (Jean-Marie)
802:Kirchner (Cristina)
604:Popular sovereignty
589:Natural aristocracy
234:Politics of Germany
155:Class collaboration
4364:Liberal Union (LV)
3884:Telecommunications
3565:History of Prussia
3481:Revolution of 1918
3476:War guilt question
3395:Carolingian Empire
3364:Sack of Rome (410)
3273:History of Germany
3095:Shirer, William L.
3079:Swarthmore College
2672:Zolling, Hermann;
2662:, pp. 19, 21.
2578:The Guns of August
2206:Hans-Ulrich Wehler
2121:, pp. 35, 44.
1946:Hans-Ulrich Wehler
1903:nationale VerbÀnde
1887:German Navy League
1815:Stephan von Nieber
1811:Ulrich von Hassell
1723:Alfred von Tirpitz
1698:will of the people
1671:France must pay a
1607:
1599:
1544:Alfred von Tirpitz
1387:Alfred von Tirpitz
1383:August von Dönhoff
1344:. It rejected the
1109:Tea Party movement
629:Welfare chauvinism
547:Anti-establishment
480:Anti-globalization
61:Alfred von Tirpitz
4533:
4532:
4425:
4424:
4233:
4232:
4186:
4185:
3917:
3916:
3831:Chemical Triangle
3791:
3790:
3778:Political parties
3726:Foreign relations
3663:
3662:
3590:
3589:
3501:Allied occupation
3405:Holy Roman Empire
3183:To the bitter end
3141:978-1-4039-1812-3
3110:978-0-671-62420-0
2802:, pp. 16â17.
2543:, pp. 13â14.
2149:978-0-674-02577-6
2076:, pp. 35â36.
1841:German Revolution
1821:Source of funding
1787:Lambert Brockmann
1779:Heinrich Beythien
1462:. German scholar
1431:national assembly
1375:Pan-German League
1354:Wilhelmine Period
1350:traditional right
1328:, abbreviated as
1314:
1313:
1242:Paleoconservatism
1040:Völkisch movement
1030:Farmers' Alliance
807:Kirchner (NĂ©stor)
599:Popular democracy
564:Identity politics
542:The Establishment
252:
251:
239:Political parties
182:German militarism
171:Volksgemeinschaft
82:2 September 1917;
16:(Redirected from
4633:
4404:National liberal
4337:
4260:
4253:
4246:
4237:
4213:
4206:
4199:
4163:Prussian virtues
3928:
3836:Economic history
3802:
3696:
3674:
3625:Cities and towns
3601:
3581:Baden Revolution
3385:Treaty of Verdun
3354:Marcomannic Wars
3309:Migration Period
3304:Germanic peoples
3288:Military history
3263:
3239:
3232:
3225:
3216:
3211:
3206:
3205:
3204:
3188:Der Tagesspiegel
3145:
3114:
3054:
3048:
3040:
3038:
3001:
2981:
2943:
2941:
2939:
2907:
2900:
2894:
2891:
2885:
2878:
2872:
2871:
2851:
2845:
2839:
2833:
2809:
2803:
2797:
2791:
2774:
2768:
2751:
2745:
2742:
2736:
2735:
2719:
2709:
2703:
2702:
2696:
2694:
2669:
2663:
2657:
2651:
2645:
2639:
2628:
2622:
2621:
2619:
2618:
2604:
2598:
2597:
2581:
2571:
2565:
2550:
2544:
2538:
2532:
2526:
2517:
2504:
2498:
2492:
2486:
2479:
2473:
2467:
2461:
2444:
2438:
2437:
2435:
2434:
2420:
2414:
2397:
2391:
2385:
2379:
2372:
2366:
2360:
2354:
2348:
2342:
2335:
2329:
2326:
2320:
2315:
2309:
2303:
2297:
2290:
2284:
2276:
2270:
2253:
2247:
2238:
2232:
2215:
2209:
2194:
2188:
2187:
2185:
2183:
2167:
2161:
2158:
2152:
2128:
2122:
2116:
2107:
2086:
2077:
2071:
2065:
2059:
2053:
2036:
2030:
2027:
2021:
2015:
2006:
1989:
1983:
1966:
1949:
1942:
1795:Dietrich SchÀfer
1759:Hermann Röchling
1747:Ernst von Borsig
1731:Alfred Hugenberg
1612:place in the sun
1490:national liberal
1306:
1299:
1292:
1278:
1277:
1252:Radical centrism
1190:Authoritarianism
1074:Share Our Wealth
1064:Great Depression
522:Direct democracy
254:
225:
221:
215:
209:
141:
139:
103:Merged into
98:10 December 1918
69:
30:
21:
4641:
4640:
4636:
4635:
4634:
4632:
4631:
4630:
4536:
4535:
4534:
4529:
4491:
4463:
4421:
4398:
4326:
4308:
4270:
4264:
4234:
4229:
4216:
4209:
4202:
4195:
4182:
4046:
3997:Life expectancy
3913:
3787:
3758:Law enforcement
3694:
3659:
3586:
3553:
3532:
3516:Divided Germany
3486:Weimar Republic
3414:
3380:Frankish Empire
3368:
3292:
3258:
3252:
3243:
3207:
3202:
3200:
3153:
3148:
3142:
3126:
3111:
3093:
3041:
3027:
2998:
2985:
2978:
2965:
2937:
2935:
2929:
2911:
2910:
2901:
2897:
2892:
2888:
2879:
2875:
2868:
2853:
2852:
2848:
2840:
2836:
2810:
2806:
2798:
2794:
2775:
2771:
2752:
2748:
2743:
2739:
2732:
2711:
2710:
2706:
2692:
2690:
2671:
2670:
2666:
2658:
2654:
2646:
2642:
2629:
2625:
2616:
2614:
2606:
2605:
2601:
2594:
2573:
2572:
2568:
2551:
2547:
2539:
2535:
2527:
2520:
2505:
2501:
2493:
2489:
2480:
2476:
2468:
2464:
2445:
2441:
2432:
2430:
2422:
2421:
2417:
2398:
2394:
2386:
2382:
2374:Dirk Stegmann,
2373:
2369:
2361:
2357:
2349:
2345:
2336:
2332:
2327:
2323:
2316:
2312:
2304:
2300:
2291:
2287:
2277:
2273:
2254:
2250:
2239:
2235:
2216:
2212:
2195:
2191:
2181:
2179:
2169:
2168:
2164:
2159:
2155:
2129:
2125:
2117:
2110:
2087:
2080:
2072:
2068:
2060:
2056:
2037:
2033:
2028:
2024:
2016:
2009:
1990:
1986:
1967:
1963:
1953:
1952:
1943:
1939:
1929:
1920:
1911:
1879:pressure groups
1849:Weimar Republic
1823:
1771:Gottfried Traub
1711:
1706:
1693:
1591:
1578:Hindenburg and
1482:
1477:
1444:
1422:
1371:
1366:
1358:interwar period
1310:
1272:
1267:
1266:
1180:
1172:
1171:
1142:
1134:
1133:
1114:Occupy movement
1104:Great Recession
1058:Radiosomaggismo
1005:
997:
996:
827:Le Pen (Marine)
642:
634:
633:
475:Anti-corruption
465:
457:
456:
333:
325:
324:
275:
259:Politics series
248:
219:
213:
207:
206:
186:
135:
83:
68:Deputy Chairman
67:
40:
39:
36:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4639:
4637:
4629:
4628:
4623:
4618:
4613:
4608:
4603:
4601:Proto-fascists
4598:
4593:
4588:
4583:
4578:
4573:
4568:
4563:
4558:
4553:
4548:
4538:
4537:
4531:
4530:
4528:
4527:
4522:
4517:
4512:
4507:
4501:
4499:
4493:
4492:
4490:
4489:
4484:
4479:
4473:
4471:
4465:
4464:
4462:
4461:
4456:
4451:
4446:
4441:
4435:
4433:
4427:
4426:
4423:
4422:
4420:
4419:
4414:
4408:
4406:
4400:
4399:
4397:
4396:
4391:
4386:
4381:
4376:
4371:
4366:
4361:
4356:
4351:
4345:
4343:
4341:Social liberal
4334:
4328:
4327:
4325:
4324:
4318:
4316:
4310:
4309:
4307:
4306:
4301:
4296:
4291:
4286:
4280:
4278:
4272:
4271:
4265:
4263:
4262:
4255:
4248:
4240:
4231:
4230:
4228:
4227:
4222:
4215:
4214:
4207:
4200:
4192:
4191:
4188:
4187:
4184:
4183:
4181:
4180:
4175:
4170:
4165:
4160:
4155:
4150:
4145:
4140:
4135:
4130:
4125:
4120:
4115:
4110:
4105:
4100:
4095:
4094:Cultural icons
4092:
4087:
4082:
4077:
4072:
4067:
4062:
4056:
4054:
4048:
4047:
4045:
4044:
4039:
4034:
4029:
4024:
4019:
4014:
4009:
4004:
3999:
3994:
3989:
3984:
3979:
3974:
3973:
3972:
3967:
3957:
3952:
3947:
3942:
3937:
3931:
3925:
3919:
3918:
3915:
3914:
3912:
3911:
3906:
3901:
3896:
3891:
3886:
3881:
3876:
3874:Stock exchange
3871:
3866:
3858:
3853:
3848:
3843:
3838:
3833:
3828:
3827:
3826:
3816:
3811:
3805:
3799:
3793:
3792:
3789:
3788:
3786:
3785:
3780:
3775:
3770:
3765:
3760:
3755:
3750:
3749:
3748:
3743:
3738:
3728:
3723:
3718:
3713:
3708:
3703:
3698:
3688:
3683:
3677:
3671:
3665:
3664:
3661:
3660:
3658:
3657:
3652:
3647:
3642:
3637:
3632:
3627:
3622:
3621:
3620:
3615:
3604:
3598:
3592:
3591:
3588:
3587:
3585:
3584:
3578:
3572:
3567:
3561:
3559:
3555:
3554:
3552:
3551:
3546:
3540:
3538:
3534:
3533:
3531:
3530:
3529:
3528:
3523:
3513:
3511:Denazification
3508:
3503:
3498:
3493:
3488:
3483:
3478:
3473:
3468:
3463:
3458:
3453:
3448:
3443:
3438:
3433:
3428:
3422:
3420:
3416:
3415:
3413:
3412:
3407:
3402:
3397:
3392:
3387:
3382:
3376:
3374:
3370:
3369:
3367:
3366:
3361:
3356:
3351:
3346:
3341:
3336:
3331:
3326:
3321:
3316:
3311:
3306:
3300:
3298:
3294:
3293:
3291:
3290:
3285:
3283:Historiography
3280:
3275:
3269:
3267:
3260:
3254:
3253:
3244:
3242:
3241:
3234:
3227:
3219:
3213:
3212:
3209:Germany portal
3197:
3196:
3191:
3180:
3175:
3170:
3164:
3152:
3151:External links
3149:
3147:
3146:
3140:
3124:
3115:
3109:
3091:
3082:
3069:
3060:
3057:Pullach Intern
3025:
3012:
3002:
2996:
2983:
2976:
2963:
2951:
2944:
2927:
2917:
2909:
2908:
2895:
2886:
2873:
2866:
2846:
2834:
2830:978-0674025776
2812:Wette, Wolfram
2804:
2792:
2788:978-0854967643
2769:
2765:978-0521547802
2746:
2737:
2730:
2704:
2664:
2652:
2640:
2623:
2599:
2592:
2566:
2562:978-0674353220
2545:
2533:
2518:
2499:
2487:
2474:
2462:
2458:978-0865274266
2439:
2428:Britannica.com
2415:
2411:978-0807056677
2392:
2380:
2367:
2355:
2353:, p. 219.
2343:
2330:
2321:
2310:
2298:
2285:
2271:
2267:978-3770051977
2248:
2233:
2210:
2189:
2162:
2153:
2131:Wette, Wolfram
2123:
2108:
2078:
2066:
2054:
2050:978-0199265978
2031:
2022:
2007:
2003:978-0485004076
1984:
1980:978-0253355935
1960:
1959:
1951:
1950:
1936:
1935:
1928:
1925:
1919:
1916:
1910:
1907:
1899:Defence League
1872:Konrad Scherer
1822:
1819:
1727:Walter Nicolai
1710:
1707:
1705:
1702:
1692:
1689:
1684:
1683:
1680:
1675:of 10 billion
1669:
1666:
1652:
1638:
1631:
1618:Annexation of
1590:
1587:
1531:German Emperor
1481:
1478:
1476:
1473:
1443:
1440:
1421:
1418:
1373:Backed by the
1370:
1367:
1365:
1362:
1312:
1311:
1309:
1308:
1301:
1294:
1286:
1283:
1282:
1269:
1268:
1265:
1264:
1262:Third Position
1259:
1254:
1249:
1244:
1239:
1234:
1229:
1228:
1227:
1217:
1212:
1207:
1202:
1197:
1192:
1187:
1181:
1179:Related topics
1178:
1177:
1174:
1173:
1170:
1169:
1164:
1159:
1154:
1149:
1143:
1140:
1139:
1136:
1135:
1132:
1131:
1126:
1121:
1116:
1111:
1106:
1101:
1096:
1091:
1090:
1089:
1084:
1078:Radical right
1076:
1071:
1066:
1061:
1054:
1047:
1042:
1037:
1032:
1027:
1022:
1017:
1012:
1006:
1003:
1002:
999:
998:
995:
994:
989:
984:
979:
974:
969:
964:
959:
954:
949:
944:
939:
934:
929:
924:
919:
914:
909:
904:
899:
894:
889:
884:
879:
874:
869:
864:
859:
854:
849:
844:
839:
834:
829:
824:
819:
814:
809:
804:
799:
794:
789:
784:
779:
774:
769:
764:
759:
754:
749:
744:
739:
734:
729:
724:
719:
714:
709:
704:
699:
694:
689:
684:
679:
674:
669:
664:
659:
654:
649:
643:
640:
639:
636:
635:
632:
631:
626:
621:
619:Social justice
616:
611:
606:
601:
596:
591:
586:
581:
576:
571:
566:
561:
556:
551:
550:
549:
539:
534:
532:Egalitarianism
529:
524:
519:
514:
509:
502:
497:
492:
487:
482:
477:
472:
466:
463:
462:
459:
458:
455:
454:
449:
444:
439:
434:
429:
424:
419:
414:
409:
404:
399:
394:
389:
384:
379:
378:
377:
367:
362:
357:
350:
345:
340:
334:
331:
330:
327:
326:
323:
322:
317:
312:
307:
302:
297:
292:
287:
282:
276:
273:
272:
269:
268:
262:
261:
250:
249:
247:
246:
241:
236:
230:
227:
226:
204:
200:
199:
194:
188:
187:
185:
184:
179:
174:
167:
157:
151:
149:
143:
142:
133:
129:
128:
121:
115:
114:
104:
100:
99:
96:
92:
91:
80:
76:
75:
70:
64:
63:
58:
52:
51:
46:
42:
41:
37:
34:
33:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4638:
4627:
4624:
4622:
4619:
4617:
4614:
4612:
4609:
4607:
4604:
4602:
4599:
4597:
4594:
4592:
4589:
4587:
4584:
4582:
4579:
4577:
4574:
4572:
4569:
4567:
4564:
4562:
4559:
4557:
4554:
4552:
4549:
4547:
4544:
4543:
4541:
4526:
4523:
4521:
4518:
4516:
4513:
4511:
4508:
4506:
4503:
4502:
4500:
4498:
4494:
4488:
4485:
4483:
4480:
4478:
4475:
4474:
4472:
4470:
4466:
4460:
4457:
4455:
4452:
4450:
4447:
4445:
4442:
4440:
4437:
4436:
4434:
4432:
4428:
4418:
4415:
4413:
4410:
4409:
4407:
4405:
4401:
4395:
4392:
4390:
4387:
4385:
4382:
4380:
4377:
4375:
4372:
4370:
4367:
4365:
4362:
4360:
4357:
4355:
4352:
4350:
4347:
4346:
4344:
4342:
4338:
4335:
4333:
4329:
4323:
4320:
4319:
4317:
4315:
4311:
4305:
4302:
4300:
4297:
4295:
4292:
4290:
4287:
4285:
4282:
4281:
4279:
4277:
4273:
4268:
4261:
4256:
4254:
4249:
4247:
4242:
4241:
4238:
4226:
4223:
4221:
4218:
4217:
4212:
4208:
4205:
4201:
4198:
4194:
4193:
4189:
4179:
4176:
4174:
4171:
4169:
4166:
4164:
4161:
4159:
4156:
4154:
4151:
4149:
4146:
4144:
4141:
4139:
4136:
4134:
4131:
4129:
4126:
4124:
4121:
4119:
4116:
4114:
4111:
4109:
4106:
4104:
4101:
4099:
4096:
4093:
4091:
4088:
4086:
4083:
4081:
4078:
4076:
4073:
4071:
4068:
4066:
4063:
4061:
4058:
4057:
4055:
4053:
4049:
4043:
4040:
4038:
4037:Social issues
4035:
4033:
4030:
4028:
4025:
4023:
4020:
4018:
4015:
4013:
4010:
4008:
4005:
4003:
4000:
3998:
3995:
3993:
3990:
3988:
3985:
3983:
3980:
3978:
3975:
3971:
3968:
3966:
3965:Ethnic groups
3963:
3962:
3961:
3958:
3956:
3953:
3951:
3948:
3946:
3943:
3941:
3938:
3936:
3933:
3932:
3929:
3926:
3924:
3920:
3910:
3907:
3905:
3902:
3900:
3897:
3895:
3892:
3890:
3887:
3885:
3882:
3880:
3877:
3875:
3872:
3870:
3867:
3865:
3863:
3859:
3857:
3854:
3852:
3849:
3847:
3844:
3842:
3839:
3837:
3834:
3832:
3829:
3825:
3822:
3821:
3820:
3817:
3815:
3812:
3810:
3807:
3806:
3803:
3800:
3798:
3794:
3784:
3781:
3779:
3776:
3774:
3771:
3769:
3766:
3764:
3761:
3759:
3756:
3754:
3751:
3747:
3744:
3742:
3739:
3737:
3734:
3733:
3732:
3729:
3727:
3724:
3722:
3719:
3717:
3714:
3712:
3709:
3707:
3704:
3702:
3699:
3697:
3693:
3689:
3687:
3684:
3682:
3679:
3678:
3675:
3672:
3670:
3666:
3656:
3653:
3651:
3648:
3646:
3643:
3641:
3638:
3636:
3633:
3631:
3628:
3626:
3623:
3619:
3616:
3614:
3611:
3610:
3609:
3606:
3605:
3602:
3599:
3597:
3593:
3582:
3579:
3576:
3573:
3571:
3568:
3566:
3563:
3562:
3560:
3556:
3550:
3547:
3545:
3544:Reunification
3542:
3541:
3539:
3535:
3527:
3524:
3522:
3519:
3518:
3517:
3514:
3512:
3509:
3507:
3504:
3502:
3499:
3497:
3494:
3492:
3489:
3487:
3484:
3482:
3479:
3477:
3474:
3472:
3469:
3467:
3466:German Empire
3464:
3462:
3459:
3457:
3454:
3452:
3449:
3447:
3444:
3442:
3439:
3437:
3434:
3432:
3429:
3427:
3424:
3423:
3421:
3417:
3411:
3408:
3406:
3403:
3401:
3398:
3396:
3393:
3391:
3388:
3386:
3383:
3381:
3378:
3377:
3375:
3371:
3365:
3362:
3360:
3357:
3355:
3352:
3350:
3347:
3345:
3342:
3340:
3337:
3335:
3332:
3330:
3327:
3325:
3322:
3320:
3317:
3315:
3312:
3310:
3307:
3305:
3302:
3301:
3299:
3295:
3289:
3286:
3284:
3281:
3279:
3276:
3274:
3271:
3270:
3268:
3264:
3261:
3255:
3251:
3247:
3240:
3235:
3233:
3228:
3226:
3221:
3220:
3217:
3210:
3199:
3195:
3192:
3190:
3189:
3184:
3181:
3179:
3176:
3174:
3171:
3169:(August 1918)
3168:
3165:
3163:
3160:
3159:
3155:
3154:
3150:
3143:
3137:
3133:
3129:
3125:
3122:
3121:
3116:
3112:
3106:
3102:
3101:
3096:
3092:
3089:
3088:
3083:
3080:
3076:
3075:
3070:
3067:
3066:
3061:
3058:
3052:
3046:
3037:
3036:
3030:
3026:
3023:
3019:
3018:
3013:
3010:
3006:
3003:
2999:
2997:0-912138-27-0
2993:
2989:
2984:
2979:
2973:
2969:
2964:
2962:
2960:
2959:
2952:
2949:
2945:
2933:
2928:
2925:
2924:
2919:
2918:
2916:
2915:
2905:
2899:
2896:
2890:
2887:
2883:
2877:
2874:
2869:
2867:3-11-014344-5
2863:
2859:
2858:
2850:
2847:
2844:
2838:
2835:
2831:
2827:
2823:
2819:
2818:
2813:
2808:
2805:
2801:
2800:Dempster 2006
2796:
2793:
2789:
2785:
2781:
2780:
2773:
2770:
2766:
2762:
2758:
2757:
2750:
2747:
2741:
2738:
2733:
2731:9780393053470
2727:
2723:
2718:
2717:
2708:
2705:
2701:
2689:
2685:
2681:
2680:
2675:
2668:
2665:
2661:
2660:Dempster 2006
2656:
2653:
2650:, p. 20.
2649:
2648:Dempster 2006
2644:
2641:
2637:
2633:
2627:
2624:
2613:
2609:
2603:
2600:
2595:
2593:9780026203104
2589:
2585:
2580:
2579:
2570:
2567:
2563:
2559:
2555:
2549:
2546:
2542:
2537:
2534:
2531:, p. 13.
2530:
2525:
2523:
2519:
2515:
2511:
2510:
2503:
2500:
2497:, p. 35.
2496:
2495:Dempster 2006
2491:
2488:
2484:
2478:
2475:
2472:, p. 43.
2471:
2470:Dempster 2006
2466:
2463:
2459:
2455:
2451:
2450:
2443:
2440:
2429:
2425:
2419:
2416:
2412:
2408:
2404:
2403:
2396:
2393:
2389:
2388:Dempster 2006
2384:
2381:
2377:
2371:
2368:
2364:
2359:
2356:
2352:
2351:Hamilton 1984
2347:
2344:
2340:
2334:
2331:
2325:
2322:
2319:
2314:
2311:
2308:
2302:
2299:
2295:
2289:
2286:
2283:
2282:
2275:
2272:
2268:
2264:
2260:
2259:
2252:
2249:
2245:
2244:
2237:
2234:
2230:
2226:
2223:pp. 203â221.
2222:
2221:
2214:
2211:
2207:
2203:
2199:
2193:
2190:
2177:
2173:
2166:
2163:
2157:
2154:
2150:
2146:
2142:
2138:
2137:
2132:
2127:
2124:
2120:
2119:Dempster 2006
2115:
2113:
2109:
2105:
2101:
2097:
2093:
2092:
2085:
2083:
2079:
2075:
2074:Dempster 2006
2070:
2067:
2063:
2062:Dempster 2006
2058:
2055:
2051:
2047:
2043:
2042:
2035:
2032:
2026:
2023:
2020:, p. 19.
2019:
2018:Dempster 2006
2014:
2012:
2008:
2004:
2000:
1996:
1995:
1988:
1985:
1981:
1977:
1974:pp. 410â421.
1973:
1972:
1965:
1962:
1958:
1957:
1947:
1941:
1938:
1934:
1933:
1926:
1924:
1917:
1915:
1908:
1906:
1904:
1900:
1896:
1892:
1888:
1884:
1880:
1875:
1873:
1869:
1865:
1860:
1858:
1854:
1850:
1846:
1842:
1838:
1837:
1832:
1828:
1820:
1818:
1816:
1812:
1808:
1807:Otto Hoffmann
1804:
1800:
1796:
1792:
1788:
1784:
1783:Carl Pfeiffer
1780:
1776:
1772:
1766:
1764:
1760:
1756:
1752:
1748:
1744:
1743:Carl Duisberg
1740:
1736:
1732:
1728:
1724:
1720:
1716:
1715:Wolfgang Kapp
1708:
1703:
1701:
1699:
1690:
1688:
1681:
1678:
1674:
1673:war indemnity
1670:
1667:
1665:
1661:
1657:
1653:
1650:
1649:Baltic states
1646:
1642:
1641:Buffer states
1639:
1636:
1632:
1629:
1625:
1621:
1617:
1616:
1615:
1613:
1603:
1595:
1588:
1586:
1583:
1582:
1577:
1573:
1567:
1565:
1564:
1559:
1555:
1552:
1551:
1545:
1541:
1537:
1535:
1532:
1528:
1523:
1521:
1517:
1513:
1512:
1507:
1503:
1499:
1495:
1491:
1487:
1479:
1474:
1472:
1469:
1468:proto-fascist
1465:
1464:Dirk Stegmann
1461:
1457:
1453:
1449:
1448:Anton Drexler
1441:
1439:
1436:
1432:
1427:
1419:
1417:
1415:
1411:
1407:
1404:
1400:
1396:
1392:
1391:Wolfgang Kapp
1388:
1384:
1380:
1379:Heinrich ClaĂ
1376:
1368:
1363:
1361:
1359:
1355:
1351:
1347:
1343:
1339:
1338:German Empire
1335:
1331:
1327:
1323:
1319:
1307:
1302:
1300:
1295:
1293:
1288:
1287:
1285:
1284:
1281:
1276:
1271:
1270:
1263:
1260:
1258:
1255:
1253:
1250:
1248:
1245:
1243:
1240:
1238:
1235:
1233:
1230:
1226:
1223:
1222:
1221:
1218:
1216:
1213:
1211:
1208:
1206:
1203:
1201:
1198:
1196:
1193:
1191:
1188:
1186:
1183:
1182:
1176:
1175:
1168:
1167:United States
1165:
1163:
1160:
1158:
1157:Latin America
1155:
1153:
1150:
1148:
1145:
1144:
1138:
1137:
1130:
1127:
1125:
1122:
1120:
1117:
1115:
1112:
1110:
1107:
1105:
1102:
1100:
1097:
1095:
1092:
1088:
1085:
1083:
1082:United States
1080:
1079:
1077:
1075:
1072:
1070:
1067:
1065:
1062:
1060:
1059:
1055:
1053:
1052:
1048:
1046:
1043:
1041:
1038:
1036:
1033:
1031:
1028:
1026:
1023:
1021:
1018:
1016:
1013:
1011:
1008:
1007:
1001:
1000:
993:
990:
988:
985:
983:
980:
978:
975:
973:
970:
968:
965:
963:
960:
958:
955:
953:
950:
948:
945:
943:
940:
938:
935:
933:
930:
928:
925:
923:
920:
918:
915:
913:
910:
908:
905:
903:
900:
898:
895:
893:
890:
888:
887:Ocasio-Cortez
885:
883:
880:
878:
875:
873:
870:
868:
865:
863:
860:
858:
855:
853:
850:
848:
845:
843:
840:
838:
835:
833:
830:
828:
825:
823:
820:
818:
815:
813:
810:
808:
805:
803:
800:
798:
795:
793:
790:
788:
785:
783:
780:
778:
775:
773:
770:
768:
765:
763:
760:
758:
755:
753:
750:
748:
745:
743:
740:
738:
735:
733:
730:
728:
725:
723:
720:
718:
715:
713:
710:
708:
705:
703:
700:
698:
695:
693:
690:
688:
685:
683:
680:
678:
675:
673:
670:
668:
665:
663:
660:
658:
655:
653:
650:
648:
645:
644:
638:
637:
630:
627:
625:
622:
620:
617:
615:
614:Protectionism
612:
610:
609:Post-politics
607:
605:
602:
600:
597:
595:
592:
590:
587:
585:
582:
580:
577:
575:
572:
570:
569:Law and order
567:
565:
562:
560:
557:
555:
552:
548:
545:
544:
543:
540:
538:
535:
533:
530:
528:
525:
523:
520:
518:
515:
513:
510:
508:
507:
503:
501:
500:Common people
498:
496:
493:
491:
490:Anti-politics
488:
486:
483:
481:
478:
476:
473:
471:
468:
467:
461:
460:
453:
450:
448:
445:
443:
440:
438:
435:
433:
430:
428:
425:
423:
420:
418:
415:
413:
410:
408:
405:
403:
400:
398:
395:
393:
390:
388:
385:
383:
380:
376:
373:
372:
371:
368:
366:
363:
361:
358:
356:
355:
351:
349:
346:
344:
341:
339:
336:
335:
329:
328:
321:
318:
316:
313:
311:
308:
306:
303:
301:
298:
296:
295:Macroeconomic
293:
291:
288:
286:
283:
281:
278:
277:
271:
270:
267:
263:
260:
256:
255:
245:
242:
240:
237:
235:
232:
231:
228:
224:
218:
212:
205:
201:
198:
195:
193:
189:
183:
180:
178:
175:
173:
172:
168:
165:
161:
158:
156:
153:
152:
150:
148:
144:
134:
130:
127:
126:
122:
120:
116:
112:
108:
105:
101:
97:
93:
90:
86:
81:
77:
74:
73:Wolfgang Kapp
71:
65:
62:
59:
57:
53:
50:
47:
43:
31:
19:
4525:Danish Party
4520:Polish Party
4453:
4431:Conservative
4211:Bibliography
4085:Coat of arms
4065:Architecture
4042:Trade unions
4022:Prostitution
3982:Homelessness
3945:Demographics
3894:Trade unions
3861:
3851:German model
3824:Central bank
3768:Conservatism
3731:Human rights
3716:Court system
3711:Constitution
3691:
3537:Contemporary
3526:West Germany
3521:East Germany
3496:World War II
3491:Nazi Germany
3431:18th-century
3390:East Francia
3344:Cimbrian War
3186:
3162:LeMO Kapitel
3157:
3131:
3119:
3099:
3086:
3073:
3064:
3056:
3034:
3029:Höhne, Heinz
3016:
3011:(in German).
3008:
3004:
2987:
2967:
2957:
2954:
2936:. Retrieved
2922:
2914:Bibliography
2913:
2912:
2903:
2898:
2889:
2881:
2876:
2856:
2849:
2837:
2816:
2807:
2795:
2778:
2772:
2755:
2749:
2740:
2715:
2707:
2698:
2691:. Retrieved
2678:
2674:Höhne, Heinz
2667:
2655:
2643:
2635:
2631:
2626:
2615:. Retrieved
2612:wwnorton.com
2611:
2602:
2577:
2569:
2553:
2548:
2536:
2516:. pp. 45-57.
2508:
2502:
2490:
2482:
2477:
2465:
2448:
2442:
2431:. Retrieved
2427:
2418:
2401:
2395:
2390:, p. 3.
2383:
2375:
2370:
2358:
2346:
2338:
2333:
2324:
2313:
2301:
2293:
2288:
2280:
2274:
2257:
2251:
2246:pp. 199â230.
2242:
2236:
2219:
2213:
2201:
2200:. Volume 4:
2197:
2192:
2180:. Retrieved
2175:
2165:
2156:
2135:
2126:
2090:
2069:
2064:, p. 1.
2057:
2040:
2034:
2025:
1993:
1987:
1970:
1964:
1955:
1954:
1940:
1931:
1930:
1921:
1912:
1902:
1876:
1861:
1853:conservative
1834:
1830:
1824:
1775:August Rumpf
1767:
1763:Eduard Meyer
1755:Emil Kirdorf
1751:Hugo Stinnes
1712:
1704:Organization
1694:
1685:
1677:German Marks
1608:
1579:
1575:
1571:
1568:
1561:
1557:
1548:
1538:
1524:
1509:
1494:conservative
1483:
1460:Adolf Hitler
1445:
1423:
1413:
1403:left-liberal
1372:
1329:
1317:
1315:
1056:
1049:
554:General will
504:
352:
338:Berlusconism
257:Part of the
169:
160:Conservatism
123:
110:
89:East Prussia
48:
45:Abbreviation
4497:Regionalist
4469:Antisemitic
4012:Pornography
3987:Immigration
3950:Drug policy
3862:Mittelstand
3809:Agriculture
3773:Nationalism
3746:Transgender
3630:Earthquakes
3577:, 1583-1588
3575:Cologne War
3471:World War I
3373:Middle Ages
3359:Gothic Wars
2363:Shirer 1960
2178:(in German)
1857:nationalist
1719:Kapp Putsch
1635:Netherlands
1585:World War.
1563:coup d'etat
1506:antisemitic
1498:nationalist
1420:Dissolution
1342:World War I
1220:Nationalism
1162:New Zealand
1051:SÄmÄnÄtorul
1035:ChĆopomania
992:Zhirinovsky
817:La Follette
641:Politicians
624:Wedge issue
506:Continuismo
470:Agrarianism
422:Kirchnerism
343:Bonapartism
4540:Categories
4173:Television
4158:Philosophy
4133:Literature
3992:Irreligion
3977:Healthcare
3940:Corruption
3706:Chancellor
3695:(military)
3692:Bundeswehr
2977:3770051971
2693:9 December
2617:2020-04-23
2433:2012-01-24
2182:26 January
1927:References
1918:Membership
1709:Leadership
1620:Luxembourg
1554:Hindenburg
1540:Militarism
1534:Wilhelm II
1527:monarchist
1486:pan-German
1369:Foundation
1195:Chauvinism
1069:Vargas Era
1045:Gilded Age
937:Shinawatra
907:Papandreou
657:Berlusconi
442:Poporanism
382:Fortuynism
365:ErdoÄanism
332:Ideologies
310:Right-wing
132:Membership
119:Think tank
85:Königsberg
4276:Socialist
4128:Libraries
4108:Festivals
3955:Education
3899:Transport
3864:companies
3783:President
3721:Elections
3686:Bundesrat
3681:Bundestag
3650:Mountains
3618:Districts
3596:Geography
3329:Visigoths
3266:Overviews
3045:cite book
2884:, p. 397.
2676:(1972) .
1956:Citations
1395:bourgeois
1334:far-right
1257:Socialism
1237:New Right
1205:Communism
1185:Alt-right
1141:By region
1099:Pink tide
1025:Narodniks
877:Netanyahu
847:MĂ©lenchon
797:KaczyĆski
757:de Gaulle
682:Boulanger
677:Bonaparte
672:Bolsonaro
594:Pluralism
432:Nasserism
392:Hansonism
360:Dutertism
348:Caesarism
290:Left-wing
244:Elections
197:Far-right
95:Dissolved
4314:Catholic
4220:Category
4138:Internet
4123:Language
4113:Folklore
4032:Religion
4007:Pensions
4002:Naturism
3879:Taxation
3763:Lobbying
3736:Intersex
3669:Politics
3278:Timeline
3257:General
3250:articles
3130:(1967).
3097:(1960).
2938:2 August
2814:(2002).
2782:p. 429.
2759:p. 165.
2688:71187140
2196:(2003).
2133:(2002).
2044:p. 352.
1997:p. 200.
1897:and the
1647:and the
1572:de facto
1511:völkisch
1502:populist
1475:Ideology
1247:Putinism
1232:New Left
1215:Georgism
947:Subianto
777:Iglesias
707:Castillo
692:Buchanan
584:Nativism
579:Mob rule
574:Localism
517:Demagogy
495:Backlash
464:Concepts
452:Trumpism
447:Qasimism
437:Peronism
417:Kemalism
397:Hindutva
387:Gaullism
354:Chavismo
285:Judicial
274:Variants
266:Populism
147:Ideology
111:de facto
56:Chairman
4332:Liberal
4197:Outline
4103:Fashion
4090:Cuisine
4052:Culture
4017:Poverty
3960:Germans
3923:Society
3904:Welfare
3889:Tourism
3846:Exports
3819:Banking
3797:Economy
3701:Cabinet
3640:Islands
3635:Geology
3558:Regions
3324:Teutons
3297:Ancient
3259:History
3246:Germany
2405:p. 30.
1624:Belgium
1414:Zentrum
1364:History
1020:Hromada
1004:History
977:Wilders
962:Wallace
932:Sanders
927:Salvini
922:Quadros
882:Obrador
867:Morales
792:Johnson
782:Jackson
752:Gaddafi
747:Fortuyn
737:ErdoÄan
732:Duterte
667:Billing
662:Bernier
647:AtatĂŒrk
537:Elitism
407:Janismo
370:Fascism
320:Valence
203:Colours
79:Founded
4225:Portal
4080:Cinema
4060:Anthem
4027:Racism
3841:Energy
3655:Rivers
3613:States
3583:, 1848
3419:Modern
3248:
3138:
3107:
2994:
2974:
2864:
2828:
2786:
2763:
2728:
2686:
2590:
2560:
2456:
2409:
2265:
2147:
2048:
2001:
1978:
1870:, and
1645:Poland
1322:German
1152:Europe
1147:Canada
1119:Brexit
1087:Europe
972:Weaver
967:Warren
957:Vargas
917:Peters
897:Ortega
872:Nasser
852:Meloni
842:Maduro
772:Humala
767:HĂ©bert
742:Farage
722:Correa
717:Corbyn
712:ChĂĄvez
702:Caesar
697:Butler
652:Bannon
427:Lulism
315:Techno
300:Market
220:
214:
208:
164:German
4204:Index
4168:Sport
4153:Names
4148:Music
4143:Media
4098:Dance
3970:Women
3935:Crime
3909:Women
3645:Lakes
3319:Goths
2843:p.VII
2822:41-42
1628:Briey
1558:Reich
987:Zeman
952:Trump
942:Stere
912:PerĂłn
902:Palin
892:OrbĂĄn
857:Milei
787:JanĆĄa
687:Bryan
305:Penal
280:Black
217:White
211:Black
4118:Flag
4075:Arts
3741:LGBT
3136:ISBN
3105:ISBN
3051:link
2992:ISBN
2972:ISBN
2955:9).
2940:2022
2862:ISBN
2826:ISBN
2820:pp.
2784:ISBN
2761:ISBN
2726:ISBN
2695:2021
2684:LCCN
2588:ISBN
2558:ISBN
2454:ISBN
2407:ISBN
2263:ISBN
2184:2024
2145:ISBN
2046:ISBN
1999:ISBN
1976:ISBN
1855:and
1813:and
1757:and
1654:The
1633:The
1508:and
1424:The
1389:and
1330:DVLP
1316:The
982:Yoon
862:Modi
837:Lula
832:Long
812:Khan
727:Dean
138:est.
107:DNVP
49:DVLP
4070:Art
3753:Law
3007:].
2722:461
2584:321
2225:doi
2139:p.
2100:doi
1700:."
1225:Neo
762:Han
375:Neo
223:Red
4542::
3185:;
3047:}}
3043:{{
2970:.
2824:.
2724:.
2697:.
2610:.
2586:.
2521:^
2512:.
2452:.
2426:.
2143:.
2141:41
2111:^
2081:^
2010:^
1948:.
1905:.
1893:,
1889:,
1885:,
1866:,
1809:,
1805:,
1801:,
1797:,
1793:,
1789:,
1785:,
1781:,
1777:,
1773:,
1765:.
1753:,
1749:,
1745:,
1741:,
1626:,
1622:,
1536:.
1504:,
1500:,
1496:,
1492:,
1488:,
1385:,
1381:,
1360:.
1324::
140:)
87:,
4259:e
4252:t
4245:v
3238:e
3231:t
3224:v
3144:.
3113:.
3081:.
3053:)
3024:.
3000:.
2980:.
2942:.
2870:.
2832:.
2790:.
2767:.
2734:.
2700:.
2620:.
2596:.
2564:.
2460:.
2436:.
2413:.
2269:.
2231:.
2227::
2186:.
2151:.
2106:.
2102::
2052:.
2005:.
1982:.
1829:(
1610:"
1412:(
1320:(
1305:e
1298:t
1291:v
166:)
162:(
113:)
109:(
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.