335:(SCP), and for a short period Fatima became a member of the Central Committee of the SCP (the SCP was the first Sudanese Party which had an internal women's structure, since 1946). In 1956–57, Fatima became the president of the Women's Union. One of her objectives was for the independence of the union from their affiliation with and domination by the SCP, and she widened the participation of women with difference backgrounds. In 1965 Fatima was elected to parliament, becoming the first Sudanese women deputy. The constitutional crisis caused by the illegal exclusion of the democratically elected SCP members from the Sudanese parliament, which was spearheaded by
306:. The first president of the Union was Fatima Talib Isma'il. The Women's Union opened membership to all women in Sudan and the SWU opened branches in different provinces in Sudan. The agenda of the Women's Union at that time, according to an amendment to its constitution in 1954, focused on the right to vote, women's suffrage, and the right of women to act as representatives in all legislative, political, and administrative corporations. At the SWU she also worked to establish equality with men in wages and technical training, and helped to remove illiteracy among women. Because of the SWU's objectives, there occurred clashes with the political right such as
192:
171:
150:
132:
114:
83:
69:
53:
40:
282:. Her newspaper focused on women's rights and she also wrote in newspapers at that time again under a pen name. Fatima conducted the first women's strike in Sudan because her school administration decided to cancel science lessons and replaced them by 'family science' lessons. The strike was successful. Her activities went beyond school; in 1947 she founded the Intellectual Women's Association, and in 1952 she worked with other women and founded the
328:. They disagreed sharply about the role of women, religion and morality and party strategies. While Ibrahim believed that Islam could be used as a progressive force against religious conservatives, Ahmed wanted to ground women's struggle in secular ideas. Ahmed felt staying within the Islamic framework would force progressives to fight on their opponents' terrain.
202:
573:
350:
took power in a military coup supported by the SCP, the activities of the Women's Union broadened and women gained many rights in different fields. The honeymoon between the
Sudanese Communist Party and Jaafar al-Nemieri ended after a huge dispute which led in July 1971 to a
637:
374:. She returned to Sudan in 2005 after a reconciliation between the government and opposition, and was appointed as a deputy in the parliament representing the SCP. Her brother is also a writer and involved in politics
343:. In 1967, Ibrahim was one of four women to be elected to the 33 member Central Committee of the Sudanese Communist Party, along with Mahasin Abd al-Aal, Naima Babiker al-Rayah and Suad Ibrahim Ahmed.
899:
648:
250:. Sources give her birth date variously as 20 December 1928, or in 1932 or 1933. She came from an educated family; her grandfather was headmaster at the first Sudanese School for boys as well as
884:
363:
a workers union leader and Fatima's husband. After that Fatima was placed under house arrest for several years, and arrested many times during the
Nemieri regime.
371:
854:
262:. Her father was expelled from teaching in a government school when he refused to teach lessons using English. After that her father taught in another school.
889:
258:
and worked as a teacher. Fatima's mother was amongst the first generation of girls who attended the school. Fatima grew up during the time of colonial
370:
military coup, and joined the opposition in exile as the
President of the banned Sudanese Women's Union. In 1991, Fatima was elected President of the
864:
894:
829:
824:
402:
164:
849:
477:
676:
439:
395:
743:
795:
759:
415:
359:, but the coup failed after a few days and Nimiri returned to power, which led to the execution of the SCP coup leaders, among them
839:
451:
427:
874:
352:
433:
844:
859:
470:
879:
445:
418:, Arabic حصادنا خلال عشرين عاماً, or (Our Harvest During Twenty Years). Khartoum: Sudanese Women's Union Press, n.d.
347:
103:
869:
340:
307:
283:
143:
677:"A history of Sudanese women organizations and the strive for liberation and empowerment. - Free Online Library"
324:
regime. While at the magazine, Ibrahim clashed with the younger staff writer and fellow
Communist Party member,
834:
332:
227:
125:
729:
Hale, Sondra (2016). "Notes on
Sudanese Women's Activism, Movements and Leadership". In Sadiqi, Fatima (ed.).
593:
539:
312:
421:
255:
320:(published by the Women's Union), and this magazine later played an essential role in the overthrow of the
270:
After she started at
Omdurman Girls' Secondary School, she began to support women's rights. She created a
367:
360:
95:
507:
819:
814:
259:
185:
458:
375:
275:
170:
131:
113:
68:
39:
191:
149:
82:
52:
325:
787:
781:
791:
578:
549:
231:
598:
638:"Beyond the pan-Africanist agenda: Sudanese women's movement, achievements and challenges"
287:
212:
466:
336:
321:
271:
201:
808:
535:
512:
356:
303:
704:
442:, Arabic قضايا المرأة العاملة السودانية, or The Affairs of Sudanese Workers Women's.
544:
299:
430:, Arabic المرأة العربية والتغيير الاجتماعي or Arab Women and Social Change. 1986
385:
on 12 August 2017, aged 84, and her funeral was held in
Khartoum on 16 August.
623:
107:
99:
553:
235:
247:
46:
382:
310:
or the
Islamic Pledge Front. In 1955 Fatima became a chief editor of
76:
576:[Fatima Ahmed Ibrahim ... the first Arab parliamentarian].
454:, Arabic أطفالنا والرعاية الصحية, or Our Children and Health Care.
200:
783:
Muslim women reformers : inspiring voices against oppression
508:"Fatima Ahmed retires from Sudanese Communist Party, parliament"
251:
744:"Veteran Sudanese communist Fatima Ahmed Ibrahim dies aged 84"
653:
436:, Arabic حول قضايا الأحوال الشخصية or Personal Status Affairs.
254:
at his neighborhood's mosque. Fatima's father graduated from
16:
Sudanese writer, women's rights activist and socialist leader
381:
She retired from political leadership in 2011. She died in
448:,Arabic !آن آوان التغيير ولكن or It's Time for Change but!
378:, she has one son from her husband Elshafi, named Ahmed.
760:"Sudanese PM expelled from prominent feminist’s funeral"
396:
731:
Women's
Movements in Post-"Arab Spring" North Africa
298:), where she served on the executive committee with
181:
157:
139:
121:
91:
61:
32:
21:
900:Women's International Democratic Federation people
478:Sudan's Attack on Women's Rights Exploits Islam
339:, caused much acrimony between the SCP and the
8:
786:. Amherst, N.Y.: Prometheus Books. p.
372:Women's International Democratic Federation
626:, MoralHeroes, Retrieved 30 September 2016
428:el-Mara el-Arabiyya wal Taghyir el-Ijtimai
190:
169:
148:
130:
112:
81:
67:
51:
38:
18:
574:"فاطمة أحمد إبراهيم.. أول برلمانية عربية"
502:
500:
498:
885:20th-century Sudanese women politicians
494:
703:Magdi El Gizouli (December 31, 2013).
698:
696:
619:
617:
615:
403:Ibn Rushd Prize for Freedom of Thought
278:, or in Arabic الرائدة or in English
165:Ibn Rushd Prize for Freedom of Thought
705:"Suad Ibrahim Ahmed: "I am fighting""
440:Gadie'a Alm'ar'a el-A'mela Al-sodania
366:In 1990, Fatima left Sudan after the
7:
855:Sudanese Communist Party politicians
424:(Our Road to Emancipation). (n.d.).
291:
216:
434:Holla Gadie'a alahoal al-shekhssia
416:Hassadanna Khill'al Ashroon A'mm'a
14:
890:20th-century Sudanese politicians
562:– via www.theguardian.com.
865:Sudanese human rights activists
540:"Fatima Ahmed Ibrahim obituary"
452:Atfallana we'l Re'aia El-sehi'a
895:Gordon Memorial College alumni
1:
830:21st-century Sudanese writers
825:20th-century Sudanese writers
220:
850:Sudanese socialist feminists
471:University Press of Virginia
405:for the year 2006 in Berlin.
750:, Khartoum, 13 August 2017.
446:An'a Awaan Eltageir Lakeen!
331:In 1954, Fatima joined the
308:Jabihat El-methaiq elaslami
296:Aletahad Elnees'y Alsodanni
916:
348:Jaafar Muhammad al-Nemieri
226:– 12 August 2017), was a
144:El-Shafie Ahmed el-Sheikh
28:
647:(19): 43. Archived from
355:supported by SCP led by
333:Sudanese Communist Party
292:الاتحاد النسائي السوداني
126:Sudanese Communist Party
840:Communist women writers
313:Sawat al-Maraa Magazine
256:Gordon Memorial College
104:women's rights activist
875:Sudanese women writers
681:www.thefreelibrary.com
594:"Fatima Ahmed Ibrahim"
422:Tariqnu ila el-Tuharur
318:Woman's Voice Magazine
284:Sudanese Women's Union
205:
780:Lichter, Ida (2009).
733:. Palgrave Macmillan.
636:Osman, Amira (2014).
368:Omar Hassan al-Bashir
361:Alshafi Ahmed Elshikh
204:
96:Human rights defender
845:People from Omdurman
624:Fatima Ahmed Ibrahim
484:37, no. 5 (1992): 5.
260:Anglo-Egyptian Sudan
246:Ibrahim was born in
209:Fatima Ahmed Ibrahim
186:member of parliament
65:12 August 2017
23:Fatima Ahmed Ibrahim
860:Sudanese communists
764:Middle East Monitor
376:Salah Ahmed Ibrahim
294:, transliteration:
880:Sudanese feminists
538:(21 August 2017).
326:Suad Ibrahim Ahmed
217:فاطمة احمد ابراهيم
206:
766:, 16 August 2017.
199:
198:
907:
870:Sudanese Muslims
801:
767:
757:
751:
741:
735:
734:
726:
720:
719:
717:
715:
700:
691:
690:
688:
687:
673:
667:
666:
664:
663:
657:
642:
633:
627:
621:
610:
609:
607:
606:
599:Oxford Reference
590:
584:
583:
570:
564:
563:
561:
560:
532:
526:
525:
523:
521:
504:
293:
225:
222:
218:
195:
194:
174:
173:
153:
152:
135:
134:
117:
116:
87:
86:
85:
72:
71:
57:
56:
55:
43:
42:
19:
915:
914:
910:
909:
908:
906:
905:
904:
835:Arab communists
805:
804:
798:
779:
776:
774:Further reading
771:
770:
758:
754:
742:
738:
728:
727:
723:
713:
711:
702:
701:
694:
685:
683:
675:
674:
670:
661:
659:
651:
645:Feminist Africa
640:
635:
634:
630:
622:
613:
604:
602:
592:
591:
587:
572:
571:
567:
558:
556:
534:
533:
529:
519:
517:
516:. 19 March 2007
506:
505:
496:
491:
412:
391:
268:
244:
228:Sudanese writer
223:
189:
177:
168:
147:
129:
122:Political party
111:
80:
75:
74:
66:
50:
45:
44:
37:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
913:
911:
903:
902:
897:
892:
887:
882:
877:
872:
867:
862:
857:
852:
847:
842:
837:
832:
827:
822:
817:
807:
806:
803:
802:
797:978-1591027164
796:
775:
772:
769:
768:
752:
736:
721:
692:
668:
628:
611:
585:
565:
536:Malik, Nesrine
527:
493:
492:
490:
487:
486:
485:
474:
467:Mahnaz Afkhami
463:Women in Exile
455:
449:
443:
437:
431:
425:
419:
411:
408:
407:
406:
399:
390:
387:
346:In 1969, when
337:Sadiq al Mahdi
322:Ibrahim Abboud
272:wall newspaper
267:
264:
243:
240:
232:women's rights
197:
196:
183:
179:
178:
176:
175:
161:
159:
155:
154:
141:
137:
136:
123:
119:
118:
93:
89:
88:
63:
59:
58:
34:
30:
29:
26:
25:
22:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
912:
901:
898:
896:
893:
891:
888:
886:
883:
881:
878:
876:
873:
871:
868:
866:
863:
861:
858:
856:
853:
851:
848:
846:
843:
841:
838:
836:
833:
831:
828:
826:
823:
821:
818:
816:
813:
812:
810:
799:
793:
789:
785:
784:
778:
777:
773:
765:
761:
756:
753:
749:
748:Radio Tamazuj
745:
740:
737:
732:
725:
722:
710:
709:Sudan Tribune
706:
699:
697:
693:
682:
678:
672:
669:
658:on 2019-10-02
655:
650:
646:
639:
632:
629:
625:
620:
618:
616:
612:
601:
600:
595:
589:
586:
581:
580:
575:
569:
566:
555:
551:
547:
546:
541:
537:
531:
528:
515:
514:
513:Sudan Tribune
509:
503:
501:
499:
495:
488:
483:
479:
475:
472:
468:
464:
460:
459:Arrow at Rest
456:
453:
450:
447:
444:
441:
438:
435:
432:
429:
426:
423:
420:
417:
414:
413:
409:
404:
400:
397:
394:UN award for
393:
392:
388:
386:
384:
379:
377:
373:
369:
364:
362:
358:
357:Hashim Elatta
354:
353:military coup
349:
344:
342:
338:
334:
329:
327:
323:
319:
315:
314:
309:
305:
304:Khalida Zahir
301:
297:
289:
285:
281:
280:Pioneer Girls
277:
273:
265:
263:
261:
257:
253:
249:
241:
239:
237:
234:activist and
233:
229:
214:
210:
203:
193:
187:
184:
182:Position held
180:
172:
166:
163:
162:
160:
156:
151:
145:
142:
138:
133:
127:
124:
120:
115:
109:
105:
101:
97:
94:
90:
84:
78:
70:
64:
60:
54:
48:
41:
35:
31:
27:
20:
782:
763:
755:
747:
739:
730:
724:
712:. Retrieved
708:
684:. Retrieved
680:
671:
660:. Retrieved
649:the original
644:
631:
603:. Retrieved
597:
588:
582:(in Arabic).
577:
568:
557:. Retrieved
545:The Guardian
543:
530:
520:30 September
518:. Retrieved
511:
481:
462:
380:
365:
345:
330:
317:
311:
300:Fatima Talib
295:
279:
269:
245:
208:
207:
167:(2006)
73:(aged 84–85)
820:2017 deaths
815:1933 births
482:Africa News
469:, 191–208:
224: 1930
809:Categories
686:2019-12-09
662:2019-10-02
605:2020-04-02
579:Al Jazeera
559:2020-04-02
489:References
341:Umma Party
242:Early life
108:journalist
100:politician
92:Occupation
36:1932
554:0261-3077
276:Elra'edda
236:socialist
140:Spouse(s)
714:April 6,
248:Khartoum
238:leader.
47:Khartoum
788:321-324
473:, 1994.
398:.(1993)
274:called
794:
552:
465:, ed.
461:". In
389:Awards
383:London
288:Arabic
286:(SWU,
266:Career
213:Arabic
188:
158:Awards
146:
128:
110:
79:
77:London
49:
641:(PDF)
410:Works
792:ISBN
716:2020
550:ISSN
522:2016
401:The
302:and
252:Imam
62:Died
33:Born
654:PDF
480:".
316:or
811::
790:.
762:,
746:,
707:.
695:^
679:.
643:.
614:^
596:.
548:.
542:.
510:.
497:^
290::
230:,
221:c.
219:;
215::
106:,
102:,
98:,
800:.
718:.
689:.
665:.
656:)
652:(
608:.
524:.
476:"
457:"
211:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
