199:. But when the Guizhou Provincial Consultative Council proclaimed independence, they asked to build the Great Han Federal Democratic Republic. Prior to January 1912, one semi-official translation of the country's new name used by revolutionary Shanghai Military Government was the United Provinces of China. Sun Yat-sen's title in 1912 was "President of the Provisional Government of the United Provinces of China". Chinese federalists from this period often used "United Provinces" instead of "Federation" or "United States" because "states" suggested a more independent arrangement than "provinces." In other words, they wished to avoid the impression that federalism implied
757:
454:
729:
86:
743:
237:"...What about China? It also awakening (Except politicians, bureaucrats, warlords). Nine years of false republic, wars and chaos forced people to be awake. Knowing that this country is completely hopeless in rebuilding itself as a whole. The best way now is of "Self-determination within each provinces". There would be twenty-two provinces, three SARs, and two vassal territories.....a total of twenty-seven states, preferably divided into twenty-seven countries.
771:
642:
36:
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What about Hunan? As for our Hunan, especially 30 millions people here should be awakened by now. There is only one way and that is the self-determination and autonomy of Hunan. A "Hunan
Republic" should be established by the Hunanese in the Hunan region. I have really thought about saving both China
657:
created by
Maurice Gomberg and published in Philadelphia in early 1942. The map shows a proposal to re-arrange the world after an Allied victory against the Axis forces. In the map the United Republics of China (URC) includes most parts of present-day China, Korea, the erstwhile French colony of
323:
federal state in which provinces have wide discretion to implement policy goals which are set by the PRC central government and in which provinces and localities actively compete with each other in order to advance economically. According to a 2004 study conducted by Bo Zhiyue, Chair of the
241:
and Hunan, trying to join hands with the other liberated nations in the world. But this seem like impossible by now. If the people of Hunan did not have the determination and courage to establish their own country, then there is nothing we can do to help Hunan..."
214:
even advocated the formation of a "Republic of Hunan" during that period. But many intellectuals, including Sun Yat-sen, argued that these proposals would limit the ability of China to fight off external invasion and would legitimize the rule of
708:
In 2011, Li Yi-hu, director of
Institute of International Politics, University of Peking, said that Tanzania and Zanzibar, the model of "One country, two constitutions", could be referring to "One China, two constitutions". In February 2011,
632:
federal state in which these economic regions have wide discretion to implement policy goals which are set by the PRC central government and in which provinces and localities actively compete with each other in order to advance economically.
1014:
600:
in 2001 made a comment that a united China can adopt a new national name and flag. Large economic ties between China and Taiwan have also motivated the occasional informal use of the term to describe a united China.
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as a model state, he wanted to organize a "United States of China in the manner of the
American experience" through negotiation with federalists from all parts of the country (New York Times June 27, 1922).
1280:
332:, due to personnel transfers between the provinces and the centre, the central authorities emerged more powerful, but was still shy of outpowering the provincial authorities on his power index score.
3176:
206:
Proposals for a federal
Chinese state were first advanced in the 1920s, but these proved unpopular. These often used the phrase United Autonomous Provinces as the name of the intended system.
658:
Indochina (now
Vietnam, Laos and Cambodia), Thailand and Malaya. Otherwise, North Manchuria and Mongolia belong to the USSR; Taiwan and Hainan become territories of the United States.
2284:
370:
should seek to act as a responsible major power contributing toward peace and development in the Asian
Pacific region by approaching others in a spirit of equality and fairness. In
329:
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624:. Several of these regions have economies the size of small developed nations. Some scholars who use the term United States of China argue that during the process of
1290:
382:, we should declare our commitment to the principles of freedom and democracy and then, negotiating as equals and ready to compromise, seek a formula for peaceful
476:
2852:
166:, was among the first to suggest that a future Chinese government should be established on federal lines—a feeling expressed in the organization's oath, "Expel
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693:. As Zanzibar has its own president, government, parliament, autonomy, etc. and the president of Zanzibar served as the vice-president of Tanzania until the
294:
1757:
2087:
1341:
146:, who used to be the official number two in China's leadership structure, said in 2011 that there would be no federal system in China: "There will be no
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2411:
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386:. We should approach disputes in the national-minority areas of China with an open mind, seeking ways to find a workable framework within which all
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between the different branches of government and no federal system. It is possible that the state could sink into the abyss of internal disorder ."
308:. The central government was transferred from the People's Government of North China and just controlled northern China and Inner Mongolia. Other
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2332:
1660:
1397:
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293:, however, they changed their nationality policy, abandoning their plan to establish autonomous republics (as in the Soviet Union) in favor of
271:
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654:
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2401:
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234:湖南呢？至於我們湖南，尤其三千萬人個個應該覺醒了。湖南人沒有別的法子，唯一的法子，是湖南自決自治，是湖南人在湖南地域建設一個「湖南共和國」。我曾著實想過，救湖南救中國，圖與全世界解放的民族攜手，均非這樣不行，湖南人沒有把湖南自建為國的決心和勇氣，湖南終究是沒辦法。 ...
2396:
1767:
1516:
809:
356:
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2131:
1511:
231:...中國呢？也覺醒了（除開政客官僚，軍閥）。九年假共和大戰亂的經驗，迫人不得不覺醒，知道全國的總建設在一個期內完全無望，最好辦法，是索性不謀總建設，索性分裂去謀各省的分建設，實行「各省人民自決主義」』二十二行省，三特區，兩藩地，合共二十七個地方，最好分為二十七國。
1730:
431:
196:
90:
2141:
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1933:
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72:
54:
46:
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1645:
1453:
694:
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Bo Zhiyue (May 2004). "The 16th
Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party: formal institutions and factional groups".
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447:
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901:
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263:
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1999:
1945:
1913:
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1347:
Edwards, Ronald A. (2009). "Federalism and the
Balance of Power: China's Han and Tang Dynasties and the Roman Empire".
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2004:
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1963:
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328:, provincial authorities have greater institutional power than central institutions. Bo concluded that after the
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2009:
1984:
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522:
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1316:[The mode of Tanzanian union used in the reunion of China - a new form of "one country, two systems"]
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As of late 2010, Charter 08 has already been signed by more than 10,000 people both inside and outside China.
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1950:
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flag, used as a national flag from the inception of the First
Republic in 1912 until the demise of the
677:. None of this proposal has become public. But in the same years the officials and think-tanks of the
453:
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501:"They would differ from the existing federal countries in their defence, taxation and legal systems."
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with several autonomous republics (such as Mongolia, Xinjiang, and Tibet). During the period of the
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When the People's Republic of China was founded in 1949, it was divided into six semi-independent
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1954:
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since the 1980s have led to the development of several distinct regional economies within the
391:
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of 1911, fourteen provinces proclaimed independence from the Qing dynasty and reunited as the
192:
116:. Such proposals were made in the early twentieth century, in connection with the end of the
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can flourish. We should aim ultimately at a federation of democratic communities of China."
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calls for the establishment of a Chinese "Federal Republic". The relevant proposal states:
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This model, however, in which the close republics would have an arrangement based on the
17:
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877:(3rd ed.). Taipei: Institute of Modern History, Academia Sinica. pp. 155–156.
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125:
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472:
185:
184:, literally meaning "many unified as one", refers to a federal structure such as the
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3247:
3119:
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1690:
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1680:
1670:
1665:
1655:
1573:
1568:
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537:
475:. Federal China would consist of two kinds of republics: 'loose republics' such as
267:
117:
140:, and other potential political entities (including provinces of mainland China).
124:
against the power of the central government and settling the relationship between
2941:
1858:
1843:
1650:
1608:
1603:
1551:
1188:"The United States of China: How business is moving Taipei and Beijing together"
1141:"The United States of China: How business is moving Taipei and Beijing together"
927:
734:
597:
571:
462:
224:
163:
109:
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724:
670:
575:
533:
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proposing the idea of splitting the whole China into 27 countries. He wrote︰
3124:
3079:
2017:
1958:
834:
583:
443:
423:
371:
133:
1117:
1015:"Fiscal Decentralization and Local Government Bonds in China –财政分权, 地方政府债务"
3199:
3192:
2505:
690:
686:
488:
1285:[United Republic: Tanzania mode of cross-strait reunification].
641:
1628:
1623:
1618:
570:. Given the political, social and linguistic realities of China in the
290:
286:
259:
216:
315:
More recently, some economists have argued that during the process of
3294:
1223:[New Chinese formal name proposed by think tank of Beijing].
578:
approach was the only feasible way to eventually establish a united,
427:
378:, we should support the freedoms that already exist. With respect to
171:
129:
920:
1406:
678:
640:
609:
452:
435:
419:
375:
207:
137:
101:
84:
1375:
219:. By the 1920s, Sun categorically rejected federalism. The young
93:
stamp (1912) carried the English name "United Provinces of China"
1089:
Havel, Vaclav; Nemcova, Dana; Maly, Vaclav (20 September 2010).
457:
Proposed flag for a Federal Republic of China, identical to the
1379:
934:. Vol. I. Chicago: F. E. Compton and Co. pp. 389–391.
442:, although it would not in effect create an independent Tibet.
312:
had more autonomy. This autonomy had ended completely by 1954.
926:
29:
514:, is not agreed upon by all advocates of a Federal Republic.
681:
have often shown an interest in the 1964 merger of mainland
471:"It would be a federation with the characteristics of a
875:
Constitutionalists and the Revolution of 1911 in China
491:: and 'close republics' consisting the rest of China."
1256:[The Monk, you are the Buddha in the world].
262:, they aimed at a political system modeled after the
120:, as well as more recently, with a view to providing
3303:
3221:
3142:
3042:
2922:
2719:
2677:
2637:
2470:
2382:
2233:
2167:
2154:
2117:
2043:
1977:
1886:
1824:
1787:
1716:
1594:
1542:
1502:
1426:
1417:
713:published an article about the Tanzanian style of
430:. This "Third Republic" (following on from the
229:
319:that the People's Republic has evolved into a
270:. According to their plans, China was to be a
1391:
947:One and All: The Logic of Chinese Sovereignty
532:was announced, led by an exiled billionaire,
100:refers to political theories that argue that
8:
697:, Tanzania may have provided an examplar of
673:in Beijing or Shanghai gave a proposal for
324:Department of International Studies at the
210:was the center of this movement. The young
3039:
2725:
2476:
2164:
2160:
1821:
1793:
1423:
1398:
1384:
1376:
544:"United China" or "United States of China"
348:, co-written by the formerly incarcerated
1342:Democracy and Its Limits in Greater China
1167:"What is the New Federal State of China?"
655:"Outline of (the) Post-War New World Map"
628:the People's Republic has evolved into a
73:Learn how and when to remove this message
112:with regional entities, under a form of
1110:"Towards the Federal Republic of China"
1091:"A Nobel Prize for a Chinese Dissident"
1019:McGill University Economic Publications
975:"毛泽东: '我主张湖南共和国，中国最好分为27国' 博讯新闻，简体中文新闻"
846:
562:. First devised in the early 1920s by
517:It was also reportedly considered by a
297:. The first of these to be created was
2333:Socialism with Chinese characteristics
661:In 2004, Lin Chong-Pin, former deputy
510:, and the loose republics more on the
7:
1227:(in Chinese). Taiwan. Archived from
856:"Chinese leader rules out democracy"
3029:Major Historical and Cultural Sites
810:Government of the Republic of China
695:first multi-party elections in 1995
566:, it was modeled closely after the
521:official as an alternative for the
438:) is proposed by supporters of the
854:Bristow, Michael (10 March 2011).
45:tone or style may not reflect the
25:
2324:Political Consultative Conference
590:This usage was popularized after
574:, Chen Jiongming believed that a
3110:Four Masters of the Yuan dynasty
3105:Four Masters of the Ming dynasty
1361:10.1111/j.1468-0106.2009.00430.x
1250:Huang Kwangkuo (10 March 2011).
1114:The Government of Tibet in Exile
1002:(in Chinese). 《大公報》. 1920-09-03.
929:The New Student's Reference Work
919:Beach, Chandler B., ed. (1914).
769:
755:
741:
727:
299:Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region
55:guide to writing better articles
34:
3100:Four Paragons of the Early Tang
2297:Political parties and movements
1661:Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms
1646:Northern and Southern dynasties
1070:Link, Perry (15 January 2009).
1279:Wang Zhenwei (10 March 2011).
1217:Cao Yufen (9 September 2004).
1165:Allen T. Cheng (8 June 2020).
162:, founded in November 1894 by
1:
1034:Journal of Contemporary China
1013:Usman W. Chohan (June 2014).
554:Another concept is that of a
2402:Ministry of National Defense
1741:Chinese Communist Revolution
1289:(in Chinese). Archived from
1076:The New York Review of Books
1051:Ding Xiao (4 January 2010).
977:. 2015-03-06. Archived from
862:. British Broadcasting Corp.
528:On June 4, 2020, a proposed
310:greater administrative areas
306:greater administrative areas
3065:Flowers of the Four Seasons
3050:Four Treasures of the Study
2669:Water supply and sanitation
2397:Central Military Commission
2392:Outline of military history
2142:Province-level subdivisions
691:United Republic of Tanzania
637:"United Republics of China"
448:Tibetan government-in-exile
440:Tibet independence movement
176:, and establish a unified (
3410:
2338:Primary stage of socialism
2280:National People's Congress
1748:People's Republic of China
1053:"Jailed Dissident Appeals"
679:People's Republic of China
610:People's Republic of China
547:
530:New Federal State of China
459:Five Races Under One Union
436:People's Republic of China
246:Communist-era developments
3335:
2728:
2479:
2163:
2088:UNESCO Biosphere Reserves
1796:
951:Stanford University Press
705:" in China in the 1980s.
675:United Republics of China
651:United Republics of China
536:(a.k.a. Miles Kwok), and
408:Federal Republic of China
402:Federal Republic of China
366:"A Federated Republic. A
281:they established a small
180:) government". The term
18:Federal Republic of China
3263:Catholic Church in China
2407:People's Liberation Army
2374:One country, two systems
1281:
1252:
1219:
873:Chang Peng-yuan (2005).
825:One country, two systems
820:Local ethnic nationalism
703:One country, two systems
568:United States of America
523:one country, two systems
508:United States of America
186:United States of America
3095:Four Pillars of Destiny
2880:Regional discrimination
2302:Chinese Communist Party
1349:Pacific Economic Review
685:and the archipelago of
592:Chinese Communist Party
326:St. John Fisher College
256:Chinese Soviet Republic
168:the northern barbarians
2848:Science and technology
2521:Special economic zones
1773:persecution of Uyghurs
1701:Century of humiliation
1194:. Time. Archived from
945:Laikwan, Pang (2024).
902:"Accept Sun as Leader"
889:"Accept Sun as Leader"
830:One nation, two states
790:Cross-Strait relations
653:first appeared in the
646:
606:Special Economic Zones
560:United States of China
550:United States of China
504:
494:
466:
243:
154:Republic-era proposals
94:
3389:Federalism by country
3055:Four Great Inventions
2439:People's Armed Police
1282:聯合共和國：坦桑尼亞模式與兩岸統一模式初探
644:
519:Taiwan Affairs Office
498:
468:
456:
418:(and its provinces),
410:is a proposed future
350:human rights activist
88:
3034:World Heritage Sites
2562:Foreign aid received
2270:Environmental policy
2068:Environmental policy
2063:Environmental issues
1260:(in Chinese). Taiwan
1072:"China's Charter 08"
1000:湖南《大公報》第二版專欄「湖南建設問題」
604:The introduction of
479:, Hong Kong, Macao,
450:, has written that:
160:Revive China Society
148:separation of powers
27:Political philosophy
3384:Federalism in China
3280:History of religion
3275:Freedom of religion
3130:Four Pests campaign
3075:Four Classic Novels
2687:Automotive industry
2567:Foreign aid program
2258:Pro-democratisation
1753:Cultural Revolution
1120:on 24 February 2007
908:. 28 December 1911.
898:. 28 December 1911.
815:Liberalism in China
805:Government of China
785:Chinese unification
715:Chinese unification
663:Minister of Defense
618:Yangtze River Delta
580:democratic republic
465:government in 1928.
330:16th Party Congress
283:autonomous republic
3187:Population history
3167:Internal migration
2782:Harmonious Society
2657:Telecommunications
2614:Standard of living
2533:Online advertising
2285:Standing Committee
1231:on 16 January 2005
1095:The New York Times
906:The New York Times
896:The New York Times
795:Democracy in China
701:'s proposals for "
647:
467:
446:, writing for the
295:autonomous regions
252:Chinese Communists
106:central government
98:Chinese federalism
95:
3394:Politics of China
3371:
3370:
3331:
3330:
3138:
3137:
2715:
2714:
2702:Shipping industry
2466:
2465:
2432:Strategic Support
2307:General Secretary
2292:National security
2275:Foreign relations
2229:
2228:
2150:
2149:
2113:
2112:
1816:Natural disasters
1783:
1782:
1736:Chinese Civil War
1731:Republic of China
1706:Taiping Rebellion
1579:Spring and Autumn
1484:Foreign relations
1287:China Review News
711:China Review News
667:Republic of China
649:The concept of a
614:Pearl River Delta
595:general secretary
582:. Beginning with
496:According to Yan:
432:Republic of China
354:Nobel Peace Prize
197:Republic of China
193:Xinhai Revolution
91:Republic of China
83:
82:
75:
49:used on Knowledge
47:encyclopedic tone
16:(Redirected from
3401:
3351:
3344:
3241:Tibetan Buddhism
3236:Chinese Buddhism
3090:Four Holy Beasts
3040:
2892:Social relations
2821:Standard Chinese
2816:Chinese language
2726:
2511:Economic history
2477:
2456:Maritime Militia
2165:
2161:
2132:Border crossings
2127:Baseline islands
1822:
1794:
1758:Tiananmen Square
1641:Sixteen Kingdoms
1449:Military history
1424:
1400:
1393:
1386:
1377:
1372:
1329:
1328:
1326:
1324:
1319:
1309:
1303:
1302:
1300:
1298:
1293:on 5 August 2020
1276:
1270:
1269:
1267:
1265:
1247:
1241:
1240:
1238:
1236:
1214:
1208:
1207:
1205:
1203:
1198:on April 6, 2007
1186:Cheng, Allen T.
1183:
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1147:on April 6, 2007
1143:. Archived from
1139:Allen T. Cheng.
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412:federal republic
392:religious groups
368:democratic China
336:Future proposals
285:for Tibetans in
275:federal republic
254:established the
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57:for suggestions.
53:See Knowledge's
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2811:Intellectualism
2763:Sex trafficking
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2216:Nationality law
2199:Law enforcement
2177:Judicial system
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2083:Nature reserves
2073:Protected areas
2039:
2010:Water resources
1973:
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1779:
1763:Economic reform
1726:1911 Revolution
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1676:Jin (1115–1234)
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43:This article's
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1959:Central Plains
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1444:Historiography
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1336:External links
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1312:Wang Zhenwei.
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669:, said that a
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612:, such as the
572:warlord period
564:Chen Jiongming
548:Main article:
545:
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512:European Union
485:Inner Mongolia
416:mainland China
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2743:Chinese Dream
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2707:Space program
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2357:State Council
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1849:South Central
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1636:Jin (266–420)
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1479:Ethnic groups
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3120:Gang of Four
3085:Four Symbols
2984:Martial arts
2758:Prostitution
2645:Architecture
2499:Central bank
2367:Vice Premier
2319:United front
2248:Constitution
2204:Penal system
2182:Human rights
2119:Subdivisions
1957: /
1953: /
1876:Southwestern
1871:Northwestern
1574:Western Zhou
1522:Yellow River
1472:1949–present
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1348:
1321:. Retrieved
1314:"中国的坦桑尼亚式联合"
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1291:the original
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1229:the original
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2792:Food safety
2587:Gold mining
2489:Aquaculture
2484:Agriculture
2444:Coast Guard
2211:Naming laws
2045:Environment
2033:South China
1512:Paleolithic
1504:Prehistoric
1462:before 1912
1355:(1): 1–21.
1258:Merit Times
1108:Yan Jiaqi.
735:Asia portal
598:Jiang Zemin
525:principle.
384:unification
225:Ta Kung Pao
191:During the
164:Sun Yat-sen
110:sovereignty
3378:Categories
3285:Irreligion
3182:Statistics
3152:Emigration
3115:Four Wangs
3004:Philosophy
2989:Mass media
2972:Literature
2870:Patriarchy
2833:Propaganda
2753:Corruption
2738:Censorship
2528:E-commerce
2235:Government
2028:East China
2000:Waterfalls
1946:Peninsulas
1914:Grasslands
1253:和尚! 你是人間菩薩
1172:2020-07-10
1151:2007-04-18
985:2021-11-16
841:References
800:Federalism
683:Tanganyika
671:think tank
620:, and the
576:federalist
534:Guo Wengui
360:Liu Xiaobo
346:Charter 08
341:Charter 08
279:Long March
221:Mao Zedong
212:Mao Zedong
201:separatism
144:Wu Bangguo
114:federalism
3172:Languages
3125:Four Olds
3080:Four arts
2967:Libraries
2897:Structure
2860:Sexuality
2797:incidents
2770:Education
2679:Transport
2555:Renewable
2550:Petroleum
2345:President
2312:Politburo
2265:Elections
2253:Democracy
2221:Terrorism
1969:Volcanoes
1951:Northeast
1929:Mountains
1839:Northeast
1789:Geography
1696:High Qing
1517:Neolithic
1489:Dynasties
1467:1912–1949
1458:Economic
1427:Overviews
1369:154400404
1235:9 October
1192:Asia Week
835:Tiao-kuai
622:Bohai Rim
584:Guangdong
444:Yan Jiaqi
424:Hong Kong
372:Hong Kong
301:in 1947.
170:, revive
134:Hong Kong
89:An early
63:June 2009
3358:Category
3231:Buddhism
3223:Religion
3200:Post-90s
3193:Post-80s
2937:Archives
2804:HIV/AIDS
2775:Literacy
2733:Abortion
2662:Internet
2619:Taxation
2602:Textiles
2582:Chemical
2577:Industry
2506:Currency
2384:Military
2192:in Tibet
2156:Politics
2093:Wildlife
2005:Wetlands
1768:COVID-19
1596:Imperial
1494:Monarchs
1454:Language
1439:Timeline
1411:articles
1264:10 March
1202:18 April
1124:18 April
860:BBC News
721:See also
687:Zanzibar
630:de facto
489:Xinjiang
434:and the
321:de facto
217:warlords
173:Zhōnghuá
3342:Outline
3305:Symbols
3162:Eunuchs
3009:Smoking
2957:Cuisine
2924:Culture
2914:Welfare
2885:Suicide
2853:history
2721:Society
2650:Housing
2624:Tourism
2609:Poverty
2494:Banking
2472:Economy
2451:Militia
2362:Premier
1964:Valleys
1924:Islands
1909:Deserts
1899:Canyons
1887:Terrain
1866:Western
1854:Central
1826:Regions
1811:Geology
1801:Borders
1544:Ancient
1527:Yangtze
1434:History
1419:History
1323:2 April
1297:2 April
665:of the
463:warlord
291:Shaanxi
287:Sichuan
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182:hézhòng
178:hézhòng
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3313:Anthem
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2977:Poetry
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2875:Racism
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2540:Energy
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1934:ranges
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428:Taiwan
426:, and
388:ethnic
380:Taiwan
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130:Taiwan
122:checks
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3290:Islam
3213:Women
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2999:Names
2994:Music
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2748:Crime
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