111:"...legal instrument reflecting the relationship between the United States Government and a State, a local government, or other entity when 1) the principal purpose of the relationship is to transfer a thing of value to the State or local government or other recipient to carry out a public purpose of support or stimulation authorized by a law of the United States instead of acquiring (by purchase, lease, or barter) property or services for the direct benefit or use of the United States Government; and 2) substantial involvement is not expected between the executive agency and the State, local government, or other recipient when carrying out the activity contemplated in the agreement."
500:, as well as for often giving more money per person to smaller states regardless of population or need. These criticisms include problems of overlap, duplication, excessive categorization, insufficient information, varying requirements, arbitrary federal decision-making, and grantsmanship (a funding bias toward entities most familiar with how to exploit the system, rather than to those most in need). Research also suggests that federal grants are often allocated politically, with more money going to areas represented by the political party commanding a majority in Congress or that controls the presidency.
200:- Pass-through grants are funds provided by the federal government to a primary recipient, such as a state government, which then distributes the funds to sub-recipients, such as local governments or nonprofit organizations. This type of grant allows for the decentralization of fund distribution and administration.
309:
Local government grants are offered by counties, cities, and municipalities to support local initiatives. These grants often target community-specific needs, such as housing, transportation, public safety, and cultural programs. Local governments may also pass through federal and state grant funds to
353:
Community foundations are public charities that provide grants to support local community needs. These foundations pool donations from multiple sources, including individuals, families, and businesses, to create endowment funds that support a wide range of community initiatives. Examples include the
340:
Corporate foundations are philanthropic arms of corporations that provide grants to support charitable activities. These foundations are funded by the parent company and focus on areas that align with the corporation’s values and business interests. Examples include the Coca-Cola
Foundation and the
300:
State grants are financial awards provided by individual states to support projects and programs that benefit residents. These grants can be used for purposes such as education, environmental conservation, public health, and community development. Each state has its own agencies and programs that
90:
Outside the United States grants, subventions or subsidies are used to in similar fashion by government or private charities to subsidize programs and projects that fit within the funding criteria of the grant-giving entity or donor. Grants can be unrestricted, to be used by the recipient in any
318:
Private foundations are nonprofit organizations that provide grants to support various causes and initiatives. These foundations are typically funded by individuals, families, or corporations and have specific focus areas, such as education, health, social services, arts, and the environment.
442:
Many universities and research institutions offer grants to support academic research projects. These grants are often funded by federal agencies, private foundations, and corporate sponsors. Examples include research grants provided by the
National Science Foundation (NSF) and the National
732:
Dynes, Adam M., and
Gregory A. Huber. 2015. “Partisanship and the Allocation of Federal Spending: Do Same-Party Legislators or Voters Benefit from Shared Party Affiliation with the President and House Majority?” American Political Science Review 109 (1). Cambridge University Press: 172–86.
375:
Corporations may offer direct grants to nonprofit organizations, schools, and other entities. These grants are typically aligned with the company’s CSR goals and business priorities. For example, a technology company might provide grants to support STEM education programs.
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Educational institutions provide scholarships and fellowships to support students’ educational pursuits. These grants can be merit-based, need-based, or specific to certain fields of study. They are funded through endowments, private donations, and institutional funds.
421:
Philanthropic networks and collaboratives, such as
Grantmakers for Education and the Environmental Grantmakers Association, consist of multiple foundations and grantmakers that work together to fund projects and initiatives within specific focus areas.
396:
Many nonprofit organizations provide grants to support specific causes and initiatives. These organizations raise funds from various sources, including private donors, foundations, and government grants, and redistribute them through grant programs.
145:
are grants given by the government to fund research projects, such as a research project for medical purposes. An individual must acquire certain qualifications before applying for such a grant and the normal duration for project grants is three
138:
may be spent only for narrowly defined purposes and recipients often must match a portion of the federal funds. 33% of categorical grants are considered to be formula grants. About 90% of federal aid dollars are spent for categorical grants.
751:
Napolio, Nicholas G. 2021. “Implementing
Presidential Particularism: Bureaucracy and the Distribution of Federal Grants.” Political Science Research and Methods. Cambridge University Press, 1–11. doi:10.1017/psrm.2021.29.
331:
and the Ford
Foundation. These foundations often have substantial endowments and provide grants to nonprofit organizations, educational institutions, and other entities that align with their mission and goals.
287:
State and local governments also provide grants to support various projects and initiatives within their jurisdictions. These grants often focus on areas such as economic development, education, public safety,
115:
When an awarding agency expects to be substantially involved in a project (beyond routine monitoring and technical assistance), the law requires use of a cooperative agreement instead. When the government is
362:
In addition to corporate foundations, many corporations provide grants directly through their corporate social responsibility (CSR) programs. These grants are often used to support community development,
123:
The preference for use of goods, products, and materials produced in, and services offered in, the United States which applies to federal procurement policy is also applied to the use of federal grants.
409:
and the
American Heart Association, provide grants to support programs and services that align with their mission. These grants often focus on areas such as health, education, social services, and
742:
Kriner, Douglas L., and Andrew Reeves. 2015. The
Particularistic President: Executive Branch Politics and Political Inequality. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. doi:10.1017/CBO9781139839341.
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388:
instead of or in addition to monetary grants. In-kind donations can include products, services, technology, and expertise that support the recipient organization's operations and programs.
327:
Independent foundations, also known as private foundations, are established by individuals or families and operate independently of government control. Examples include the
651:
46:
is an award of financial assistance from a federal agency to a recipient to carry out a public purpose of support or stimulation authorized by a law of the United States.
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434:, and educational programs. These grants are funded through a combination of federal and state grants, private donations, and institutional funds.
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Federal and state grants frequently receive criticism due to what are perceived to be excessive regulations and not include opportunities for
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goods or services for its own direct benefit, and not for a broader public purpose, the law requires use of a federal contract.
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fashion within the perimeter of the recipient organization's activities or they may be restricted to a specific purpose by the
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There are over 900 grant programs offered by the 26 federal grant-making agencies. These programs fall into 20 categories:
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Federal grants are defined and governed by the
Federal Grant and Cooperative Agreement Act of 1977, as incorporated in
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180:. They are not competitively awarded and have become highly controversial because of the heavy involvement of paid
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are large grants provided from the federal government to state or local governments for use in a general purpose.
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Educational institutions, including colleges and universities, often provide grants to support research,
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61:. A grant is not used to acquire property or services for the federal government's direct benefit.
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Ensuring the Future Is Made in All of
America by All of America's Workers
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United States federal government funding to state and local projects
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Substance Abuse Prevention and Treatment Block Grant (SABG or SAPT)
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For charitable grants and funds for schools and organizations see:
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767:: Official U.S. government site for finding grants for non-profits
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Cleveland Foundation and the Silicon Valley Community Foundation.
192:, while in FY2006 it found 12,852 earmarks totaling $ 64 billion.
773:: Find small business grants and loans from government agencies
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Community Mental Health Services Block Grant (MHBG or CMHS)
520:
Alcohol, Drug Abuse, and Mental Health Services Block Grant
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658:, published 28 January 2021, accessed 3 November 2023
184:
used in securing them. In FY1996 appropriations, the
681:"Proposals Call For Disclosure of Ties to Lobbyists"
634:"31 U.S. Code § 6305 - Using cooperative agreements"
669:- FederalGrants.com; definition of "block grant"
597:Federally Funded Research and Development Center
38:, federal grants are economic aid issued by the
42:out of the general federal revenue. A federal
8:
785:: Official site for the federal pell grant
463:information in grants generally includes:
456:Information provided in grant applications
83:which are all collectively referred to as
367:, education, and employee volunteerism.
804:Federal assistance in the United States
625:
558:Aid to Families with Dependent Children
711:
613:National Grants Management Association
105:Title 31 Section 6304 of the U.S. Code
188:found 3,023 earmarks totaling $ 19.5
7:
771:Business.gov Loans and Grants Search
679:Jonathan Weisman (March 27, 2006).
405:Nonprofit grantmakers, such as the
329:Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation
274:Social Services and Income Security
154:provide funds as dictated by a law.
779:Grants Management Line of Business
706:"Students grants and scholarships"
480:Eligibility information includes:
25:
783:ED.gov Federal Pell Grant Program
638:LII / Legal Information Institute
580:Magnet Schools Assistance Program
534:Local Law Enforcement Block Grant
515:Community Development Block Grant
447:Scholarship and Fellowship Grants
283:State and Local Government Grants
603:Funding Opportunity Announcement
265:Law, Justice, and Legal Services
241:Employment, Labor, and Training
733:doi:10.1017/S000305541400063X.
426:Educational Institution Grants
238:Education Regional Development
235:Disaster Prevention and Relief
186:Congressional Research Service
67:may also be issued by private
1:
608:Small Business Administration
547:for physical science research
539:National Institutes of Health
392:Nonprofit Organization Grants
563:Job Training Partnership Act
443:Institutes of Health (NIH).
365:environmental sustainability
172:are explicitly specified in
545:National Science Foundation
77:not-for-profit corporations
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718:: CS1 maint: url-status (
504:Examples of grants by type
384:Some corporations provide
262:Information and Statistics
470:Expected number of awards
314:Private Foundation Grants
301:administer these grants.
777:Presidential Initiative:
107:. A Federal grant is a:
69:non-profit organizations
40:United States government
541:for bioscience research
371:Direct Corporate Grants
323:Independent Foundations
305:Local Government Grants
473:Anticipated award size
417:Philanthropic Networks
292:, and infrastructure.
271:Science and Technology
113:
656:Executive Order 14005
476:Period of performance
401:Nonprofit Grantmakers
349:Community Foundations
336:Corporate Foundations
310:local organizations.
247:Environmental Quality
229:Community Development
226:Business and Commerce
109:
484:Eligible applicants
232:Consumer Protection
198:Pass-Through Grants
182:political lobbyists
99:American definition
575:Head Start Program
343:Walmart Foundation
250:Food and Nutrition
135:Categorical grants
51:federal assistance
467:Estimated funding
386:in-kind donations
380:In-Kind Donations
268:Natural Resources
81:charitable trusts
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176:of the U.S.
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161:Block grants
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59:entitlements
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650:Biden, J.,
569:Categorical
220:Agriculture
73:foundations
49:Grants are
793:Categories
765:Grants.gov
620:References
407:United Way
290:healthcare
259:Humanities
93:benefactor
814:Subsidies
552:Formulary
492:Criticism
118:procuring
85:charities
714:cite web
586:See also
178:Congress
71:such as
55:benefits
599:(FFRDC)
522:(ADMS)
256:Housing
190:billion
34:In the
690:May 2,
615:(NGMA)
253:Health
244:Energy
210:Grants
146:years.
65:Grants
509:Block
461:Award
44:grant
720:link
692:2010
223:Arts
208:and
79:or
57:or
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