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Feminist foreign policy

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122:... women's representation in government is not about stereotypical "women's issues" like opposing sexual harassment or promoting childcare. Women in government drive social progress and meaningful changes to people’s lives. Women are more likely to advocate for investment in education and health; and to seek cross-party consensus and common ground. When the numbers of women reach a critical mass, governments are more likely to innovate, and to challenge established orthodoxies. In other words, women in politics are redefining and redistributing power. It is no coincidence that the governments that are redefining GDP to include wellbeing and sustainability are led by women. It is simple math. 150: 422:
women, and child marriage among other issues. Indeed, Clinton spurred projects aimed at women's advancement and gave a framework for which diplomats and advocates could invoke to support their work. Yet, the impact of her efforts in societies such as Guatemala and Saudi Arabia, where sexism and patriarchy is deeply embedded, posed as a challenge. At times, Clinton had to willingly subordinate women's right to other diplomatic and security interests to maintain her role as a credible Secretary of State. Under the
263:. The following year, the number of women working in the field of diplomacy started growing, but they were still given modest positions. During the 1980s and 1990s, the majority of women diplomats representing France were posted in moderately powerful countries or countries with whom the French state had no privileged relationships. European affairs represented an exception where French women could access important positions. For example, 473:
strategy, which will first be implemented through the 2020-2024 term, revolves around 5 axes: “a foreign policy with a gender perspective, and a feminist agenda abroad; parity within the Foreign Ministry; a Foreign Ministry free of violence that is safe for all; Visible equality; and feminism in all areas of the Foreign Ministry.”. According to Lyric Thompson, director of policy and advocacy at the
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women in peace negotiations has been proven to have significant positive effects such as a lower likelihood of the country breaking out into conflict again, and greater buy-in from the population as a whole. In fact, a statistical analysis of 182 signed peace agreements between 1989 and 2011 revealed peace agreements where women are involved are "35% more likely to last for fifteen years".
384:. Clinton has thus been credited for bringing women to the center of US foreign policymaking by recognizing and institutionalizing the link between women's status and attainment of national security objectives. Moreover, Hudson and Leidl refer to it as a "watershed event for the U.S. and arguably for the entire world", and explains how she establishes what is now conceptualized as the 2163: 26:, is a strategy integrated into the policies and practices of a state to promote gender equality, and to help improve women's access to resources, basic human rights, and political participation. It can often be bucketed into three categories: rights, resources, and representation. The concept was first coined and integrated into governmental policy by 524:
The official statement made by the Minister of International Development reads, "Canada is adopting a Feminist International Assistance Policy that seeks to eradicate poverty and build a more peaceful, more inclusive and more prosperous world. Canada firmly believes that promoting gender equality and
485:, or subsequent UNFCCC COP’s. In line with other feminist foreign policy states, Mexico is organizing the now-delayed Generation Equality Forum, a Franco-Mexican initiative “to take stock of current efforts and make proposals on improving gender equality and gender rights”, 25 years after the Beijing 392:
in 2000, which recognized the critical role of women in peace and security matters. The resolution called for countries to integrate women into foreign policymaking and urged journalists and activists to ensure women were being invited to participate in major international meetings and negotiations.
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that the feminist foreign policy will remain influential because the new Swedish government still maintains a public commitment to women's rights, cuts to aid on gender equality may risk backlash from voters, and feminist foreign policy has spread to multiple countries including Canada (2017), France
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in 2015. In order to achieve this broad, universal goal, specific targets were put in place. Among them, target 5.5 is: "Ensure women's full and effective participation and equal opportunities for leadership at all levels of decision-making in political, economic and public life." In order to achieve
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Gender equality is a core principle of the European Union, but it is not yet a reality. In business, politics and society as a whole, we can only reach our full potential if we use all of our talent and diversity. Using only half of the population, half of the ideas or half of the energy is not good
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to incorporate women into its policy proposal. The report proclaimed that "the status of the world's women is not simply an issue of morality – it is a matter of national security" and from it came policy initiatives that ranged from health, nutrition, violence against women, data collection about
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One action taken by Wallström was to create a global network of women peace negotiators, as women are often not invited to the negotiating table, despite their informal mediation roles in many communities. Including women in peace negotiations makes peace agreements more likely to last. Involving
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would adopt a feminist foreign policy in 2019, the Mexican government announced its commitment to do so in early 2020, becoming the first country in the Latin America to make such a commitment. Mexico is also the first country in the Global South to adopt a feminist foreign policy. The country’s
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Despite Mexico’s internal struggles with violence against women, the country has pushed for other feminist initiatives according to Martha Delgado, Undersecretary for Multilateral Affairs and Human Rights at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Mexico. In the past, Mexico has led efforts to fight
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on human livelihood, and particularly those of women as they are especially vulnerable to the negative effects of climate change. Initiatives in this area include including women in climate action discussions and providing women with funding to create innovative climate adaption techniques.
477:, this strategy represents a sound commitment thanks to a set timeline of events and benchmarks the government is to follow. For example, it was stipulated the government would engage with the Mexican legislative chamber on the topic soon after the announcement of the strategy 375:
rebuked the Chinese government’s denial and women’s autonomy and reproductive freedom declaring: "Human rights are women's rights, and women's rights are human rights." She called for a future in which, "every woman is treated with respect and dignity" during a speech for the
665:, among other things. FIAP promotes inclusive governance through supporting women's rights and increasing women's access to politics, justice, and civil society. The action area of peace and security focuses on fostering stability in states that are in/on the verge of 68: 443:
emphasized how "there is no room for complacency", and that the country will continue to work towards supporting girls and women in education, ending domestic violence and closing the pay gap. Ardern was praised internationally for her government’s efficient
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in favor, 112 against, and 94 absentees. The report calls for a minimum of 50 percent women in all decision-making positions and 85 percent of European Union (EU) development assistance to be set aside for programs specifically supporting gender equality.
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in 1930. Despite passing the exam, she was barred from accessing several departments reserved for men. She was only allowed to work in the Paris offices of the minister. Marcelle Campana was the first woman to become French ambassador in 1972, serving in
517:. Bibeau, after consulting with 65 countries, created a policy that relied heavily on gender-equality to create prosperity. Her findings indicated that empowerment of women and girls and gender-equality would promote economic growth in the 438:
New Zealand was the first country to give women voting rights in 1893 and was also ranked ninth out of 144 countries on gender equality according to the Global Gender Gap Index 2016 by the World Economic Forum. Yet, its Prime Minister
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declaring France’s pursuit of gender equality should lead the way for gender equality in the world. In the meantime, women are still a minority in French diplomacy. By March 2019, only a fourth of French diplomats were women.
206: 697:, where Fajon announced changes of the official Slovenian foreign policy strategy. It also included a feminist foreign policy as one of its goals, which, according to Fajon, means advocating for gender equality. 404:
and others, Hillary Clinton publicized and published sexual violence during the Balkan wars and drew attention to the Serbian military and their brutal acts. In 2001, the State Department initiated its annual
622:. Human dignity falls under the umbrella of female empowerment as women and girls often face more obstacles in fulfilling their basic needs. In this regard, FIAP emphasizes the importance of female access to 179:
presented the Gender Equality Strategy for 2020–2025, which set a series of key actions in order to ensure equal perspective in all aspects of EU policy areas. As the President of the European Commission,
693:, who at the time was the first woman to hold the position of Minister of Foreign Affairs. The idea was presented at the 26th Slovene diplomacy conference, which took place on January 25 and 26 2023 in 613:
will be invested into initiatives that empower women and girls. The action area of human dignity concerns itself with ensuring that low-income populations have access to basic needs. Such needs include
388:, wherein Hillary Clinton set out principles of feminist foreign policy including, condemnation of rape as a weapon of war and calls to end gender discrimination, that facilitated the passing of the 413:, Hillary Clinton sought to reinforce the notion that women's well-being and interests could play a significant role in U.S. national security policy. In 2009, she elevated the State Department’s 330:
funding would target projects in favor of equality between girls and boys before 2022 and an additional funding of 10 millions euros in favor of "She decides" initiative, fighting for
805: 197:, the main agency responsible for European foreign policy, women only account for 31.3% of middle-management positions and 26% of senior management positions, compared to 40% at the 855:
Marie O’Reilly, Andrea Ó Súilleabháin, and Thania Paffenholz, “Reimagining Peacemaking: Women’s Roles in Peace Processes,” New York: International Peace Institute, June 2015
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so that it would report directly to her and increased its budget. During the same year, Clinton launched a strategic plan for the State Department and USAID, the
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from 1977 to 1981, defence of human rights was established as a foreign policy pillar and an office dedicated to the role of women in development was set up at
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Council of Europe (2011). "Explanatory Report to the Council of Europe Convention on preventing and combating violence against women and domestic violence".
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Rao, Sheila, and Rebecca Tiessen. “Whose Feminism(s)? Overseas Partner Organizations’ Perceptions of Canada’s Feminist International Assistance Policy.”
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Growth that works for everyone is an action area that focuses on creating opportunities that further allow women to participate and benefit from local
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empowering women and girls is the most effective approach to achieving this goal". Keeping Canadian values in mind, the policy is said to support the
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U.S. foreign policy began to include women’s issue on its agenda from the 1970s as the feminist movement was gaining momentum domestically. Under the
331: 1212: 409:, which ranked states based on tolerance of crime that disproportionately victimizes women. As the Secretary of State from 2009 to 2013 under the 171:, became in 2019 the first woman to ever hold this position, making gender balance the cornerstone of her presidency. Since September 2020, the 226: 2139:(PDF). Canada. https://www.international.gc.ca/world-monde/assets/pdfs/iap2-eng.pdf?_ga=2.56881065.2069262427.1614322710-1454063643.1614322710 626:. In the following three years Canada has pledged that $ 650 million will be invested into programs that promote reproductive health such as 1443: 164: 157: 719: 414: 2073: 1326: 831: 280: 234: 653:
Action area 5 is dedicated to inclusive governance. In this context, accomplishing inclusive governance involves the foundation of
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Yves DenĂ©chère, « La place et le rĂ´le des femmes dans la politique Ă©trangère de la France contemporaine Â» , CAIRN, 2003
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to eradicate poverty around the world through female empowerment. The Minister of International Development and La Francophonie,
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enough. With the Gender Equality Strategy, we are pushing for more and faster progress to promote equality between men and women.
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announced that they will pursue a "comprehensive plan" that provides opportunities and protects the rights of women everywhere.
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The issue of equal representation has been at the forefront of the European agenda during the last couple of years. The current
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Gender equality and the empowerment of women is FIAP's core action area. In this area, Canada addresses, among other things,
91: 2213: 530: 406: 303: 149: 95: 1579: 30:, former Swedish Foreign Affairs Minister. The objectives of feminist foreign policy include (but are not limited to): 2173: 1523:"Whose feminism(s)? Overseas partner organizations' perceptions of Canada's Feminist International Assistance Policy" 779: 745: 1496: 806:"PrĂ©sidence française du G7 : le Conseil consultatif, fer de lance de l'Ă©galitĂ© entre les femmes et les hommes" 541:
and the fundamental damage it has caused in the Global South, the SDG report indicates a sharp increase in poverty.
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promoted the importance of women being in positions of political leadership in all areas of governance. He stated:
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training and lobbying for policy reform. The environment and climate action action area addresses the effects of
299: 2099: 1156: 1470: 1497:"Generation Equality Forum | Get involved: Generation Equality: Realizing women's rights for an equal future" 2218: 288: 694: 602: 562: 2022:"Fajon na diplomatskem posvetu: "Naša zunanja politika bo uspešna, če bo odprta in vključujoča" | GOV.SI" 1395: 1368: 1238: 810:
Ministère chargé de l'égalité entre les femmes et les hommes, de la diversité et de l'égalité des chances
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declared gender equality as a pillar of his presidency. His government pledged 120 million € for to the
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Ditchburn, Jennifer. (2015) "Because it's 2015': Trudeau forms Canada's 1st gender-balanced cabinet".
1117: 423: 410: 181: 168: 153: 549:, which consequently, hinders the progress Canada’s FIAP has made when it comes to gender-equality. 279:
served also as commissioners. A woman was nominated for the Ministry of Defence, currently known as
623: 502: 381: 343: 315: 272: 230: 202: 198: 176: 172: 134:'s cabinet, announced the reversal of Sweden's feminist foreign policy. Rachel A. George argued in 115: 83: 71: 27: 1430:
Delgado, Martha. 2020. “Mexico’s Feminist Foreign Policy.” Turkish Policy Quarterly 19 (1): 35–39.
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called for an international mobilisation against femicides during the opening session of the 73rd
2001: 1967: 1933: 1896: 1862: 1828: 1794: 1760: 1726: 1692: 1658: 1299: 642: 401: 347: 229:. In October 2020, a report pushing for gender equality in EU foreign policy was approved in the 218: 2153:(PDF). https://unstats.un.org/sdgs/report/2020/The-Sustainable-Development-Goals-Report-2020.pdf 1067:"Fostering gender equality in the EU's foreign and security policy | News | European Parliament" 1560: 1542: 1403: 1322: 598: 538: 222: 87: 1550: 1534: 565:, Canada’s Feminist International Assistance Policy (FIAP) identifies six key action areas: 546: 385: 214: 210: 127: 74:, the Swedish Foreign Affairs Minister who introduced the concept of feminist foreign policy 638: 610: 569: 526: 372: 335: 327: 323: 307: 295: 268: 141:(2019), Mexico (2020), Spain (2021), Luxembourg (2021), Germany (2021), and Chile (2022). 131: 90:, aiming to prevent violence, to protect victims and to end the impunity of perpetrators. 39: 35: 16:
Strategy integrated into the policies and practices of a state to promote gender equality
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in 1994. The turning point came in 1995 at Beijing, where then First Lady of the U.S.
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5.5.1: Proportion of seats held by women in national parliaments and local governments
67: 2207: 606: 513:. Trudeau, who strived to create a gender-balanced cabinet, is a strong supporter of 453: 427: 351: 276: 251: 1092: 291:
as minister. She is still the only woman who served as Minister of Foreign Affairs.
865: 658: 518: 449: 932:"Secretary-General AntĂłnio Guterres' remarks at the New School: "Women and Power"" 207:
High Representative of the European Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy
690: 662: 619: 456:, further underlining the importance of a feminist foreign policy to the world. 264: 1290:
Nossel, S (2016). "A Feminist Foreign Policy: Hillary Clinton's Hard Choices".
1184:"Michèle Alliot-Marie : Ministre de la DĂ©fense et des Anciens Combattants" 985:"Von der Leyen leans on gender balance in the quest for Commission presidency" 832:"New CFR Interactive Report Explores Women's Participation in Peace Processes" 585: 497:
The Feminist International Assistance Policy (FIAP) was introduced in 2017 by
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around the world. In 13 March 2018, during the opening of the 62nd session of
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75, no. 3 (September 2020): 349–66. https://doi.org/10.1177/0020702020960120.
1546: 1538: 1407: 1343:"Biden will form a council dedicated to policy that affects women and girls" 654: 615: 2162: 1564: 1580:""Because it's 2015': Trudeau forms Canada's 1st gender-balanced cabinet"" 686: 666: 631: 627: 514: 247: 1303: 609:. With this action area at the core of FIAP, 15% of Canada's bilateral 558: 1011:"Von der Leyen proposes McGuinness as financial services Commissioner" 380:. This statement has inspired many and has been regularly taken up by 542: 498: 469: 319: 260: 746:"La Suède publie un "Manuel de diplomatie fĂ©ministe" pour les nuls" 209:, three individuals have held this title since its creation by the 906: 590: 148: 66: 2074:"Fajonova odpravlja Logarjevo zunanjepolitiÄŤno strategijo #video" 1265:"Diplomatie : trois quarts des ambassadeurs sont des hommes" 481:
against gender discrimination in international fora such as the
1444:"Mexico releases Latin America's first feminist foreign policy" 2156: 175:
consists of 13 female and 14 male members. In March 2020, the
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along with other female leaders including, Taiwan President
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In his speech on 27 February 2020, the UN Secretary General
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in an effort to eradicate poverty by 2030. However, due to
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became in 2019 the first woman to hold the position of the
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The education of women and girls, and that of men and boys;
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The Hillary Doctrine: Sex & American Foreign Policy
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to it so that it can be listed with similar articles.
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The economic emancipation of women across the world;
1602:"Canada's Feminist International Assistance Policy" 720:"Une diplomatie fĂ©ministe est-elle possible ?" 545:closing due to the pandemic negatively impacts the 1521:Rao, Sheila; Tiessen, Rebecca (1 September 2020). 959:"Sweden's Feminist Foreign Policy Can't Be Undone" 369:United States Agency for International Development 110:5.5.2: Proportion of women in managerial positions 54:Involving women in peace negotiations and treaties 2137:Canada's Feminist International Assistance Policy 1990:Canada's Feminist International Assistance Policy 1956:Canada's Feminist International Assistance Policy 1922:Canada's Feminist International Assistance Policy 1885:Canada's Feminist International Assistance Policy 1851:Canada's Feminist International Assistance Policy 1817:Canada's Feminist International Assistance Policy 1783:Canada's Feminist International Assistance Policy 1749:Canada's Feminist International Assistance Policy 1715:Canada's Feminist International Assistance Policy 1681:Canada's Feminist International Assistance Policy 1647:Canada's Feminist International Assistance Policy 1369:"10 reasons why we need feminist foreign policy" 51:Involving women in politics and decision-making; 1396:"Opinion | In a Crisis, True Leaders Stand Out" 390:United Nations Security Council Resolution 1325 378:Fourth United Nations World Conference on Women 326:issues in the world. She announced that 50% of 103:this target, the indicators put in place are: 2151:The Sustainable Development Goals Report 2020 1628:The Sustainable Development Goals Report 2020 1239:"La France est de retour. Le fĂ©minisme aussi" 572:and the empowerment of women and girls (core) 557:In efforts to reach the goals of eradicating 302:, money aimed to help feminist movements and 8: 1317:Hudson, Valerie M.; Leidl, Patricia (2015). 419:Quadrennial Diplomacy and Development Review 1600:Canada, Global Affairs (21 February 2017). 2006:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 1972:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 1938:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 1901:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 1867:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 1833:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 1799:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 1765:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 1731:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 1697:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 1663:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 685:Feminist foreign policy was introduced in 475:International Center for Research on Women 2100:"Je slovenski vrh politike feministiÄŤen?" 1554: 1043:European Commission - European Commission 630:clinics, contraception distribution, and 332:sexual and reproductive health and rights 778:Drian, Jean-Yves Le; Schiappa, Marlène. 1471:"Mexico Adopts Feminist Foreign Policy" 1321:. New York: Columbia University Press. 706: 464:After Mexican Foreign Affairs Minister 1999: 1965: 1931: 1914: 1912: 1894: 1860: 1826: 1792: 1758: 1724: 1690: 1656: 1639: 1637: 1595: 1593: 1469:Exteriores, SecretarĂ­a de Relaciones. 1157:"La dĂ©mission de Michèle Alliot-Marie" 957:George, Rachel A. (18 November 2022). 400:, with the help of Secretary of State 227:President of the European Central Bank 1438: 1436: 1426: 1424: 1394:The Editorial Board (30 April 2020). 1207: 1205: 1142: 1140: 1138: 1061: 1059: 1033: 1031: 312:the Commission on the Status of Women 7: 901: 899: 773: 771: 769: 767: 714: 712: 710: 561:, increasing global prosperity, and 287:respectively in 2002 and 2010, with 205:. Regarding the key position of the 165:President of the European Commission 158:President of the European Commission 531:Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) 254:, passing the entrance exam to the 2172:needs additional or more specific 1009:Valero, Jorge (8 September 2020). 426:, the first female Vice President 294:In May 2017, the French president 271:were elected as Presidents of the 78:Since May 2011, 45 states and the 14: 2161: 936:United Nations Secretary-General 533:, a set of goals created by the 213:in 2009, the two of them women: 195:European External Action Service 780:"Pour une diplomatie fĂ©ministe" 483:Organization of American States 415:Office of Global Women’s Issues 221:(2014–2019). In November 2019, 86:, a human rights treaty by the 2135:Global Affairs Canada (2017). 1987:Global Affairs Canada (2017). 1953:Global Affairs Canada (2017). 1919:Global Affairs Canada (2017). 1882:Global Affairs Canada (2017). 1848:Global Affairs Canada (2017). 1814:Global Affairs Canada (2017). 1780:Global Affairs Canada (2017). 1746:Global Affairs Canada (2017). 1712:Global Affairs Canada (2017). 1678:Global Affairs Canada (2017). 1644:Global Affairs Canada (2017). 1182:Guiral, Antoine (8 May 2002). 983:Rios, Beatriz (16 July 2019). 581:Environment and climate action 578:Growth that works for everyone 1: 1163:(in French). 27 February 2011 893:. Retrieved 22 February 2021. 641:. Such opportunities include 407:Trafficking in Persons Report 98:that were established by the 96:Sustainable Development Goals 1578:Ditchburn, Jennifer (2015). 1122:Council on Foreign Relations 836:Council on Foreign Relations 726:(in French). 22 January 2020 547:education of girls and women 505:, created the policy during 246:The first woman to be named 752:(in French). 23 August 2018 675:Bananas, Beaches, and Bases 285:Ministry of Foreign Affairs 275:. Christiane Scrivener and 2235: 1271:(in French). 15 March 2019 1219:(in French). 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In September 2018, 322:wanted to prioritise 186: 152: 120: 70: 2214:Feminism and society 661:, peace, and strong 446:response to COVID-19 424:Biden administration 411:Obama administration 289:Michèle Alliot-Marie 182:Ursula von der Leyen 169:Ursula von der Leyen 154:Ursula von der Leyen 1093:"Christine Lagarde" 671:Sex and World Peace 624:reproductive health 618:, food, water, and 605:, and women in the 503:Marie-Claude Bibeau 273:European Parliament 231:European Parliament 203:European Parliament 199:European Commission 177:European Commission 84:Istanbul Convention 1400:The New York Times 938:. 28 February 2020 677:by Cynthia Enloe. 643:financial literacy 402:Madeleine Albright 348:Jean-Yves le Drian 219:Federica Mogherini 161: 82:have ratified the 76: 34:The fight against 24:feminist diplomacy 2202: 2201: 2185:adding categories 1450:. 15 January 2020 1349:. 19 January 2021 1073:. 23 October 2020 891:Council of Europe 342:. 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Index

Margot Wallström
sexual
sexist violence

Margot Wallström
European Union
Istanbul Convention
Council of Europe
Gender equality
Sustainable Development Goals
United Nations
AntĂłnio Guterres
Tobias Billstrom
Ulf Kristersson
Foreign Policy

Ursula von der Leyen
President of the European Commission
President of the European Commission
Ursula von der Leyen
College of Commissioners
European Commission
Ursula von der Leyen
European External Action Service
European Commission
European Parliament
High Representative of the European Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy
Treaty of Lisbon
Catherine Ashton
Federica Mogherini

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