Women's studies - Knowledge (XXG)

2994:, also classified as feminist standpoint theory, developed in the 1980s as a way of critically examining the production of knowledge and its resulting effects on practices of power. Standpoint theory operates from the idea that knowledge is socially situated and underrepresented groups and minorities have historically been ignored or marginalized when it comes to the production of knowledge. Emerging from Marxist thought, standpoint theory argues for analysis that challenges the authority of political and social "truths". Standpoint theory, assumes that power lies solely within the hands of the male gender as the process of decision making in society is constructed exclusively for, and by men. An example of where standpoint theory presents itself in society is through the processes of political analysis, as this field of study is almost entirely controlled by men. Furthermore, from a Marxist viewpoint, Karl Marx had expressed a notion in which believed that those in power have the inability to understand the perspectives of those whom they hold power. Providing that standpoint theory acknowledges the male incapability of understanding the oppression in which women face in society. 2419:, students and community members created the ad hoc committee for women's studies. The second women's studies program in the United States was established in 1971 at Wichita State University in Wichita, Kansas. It was mostly formed through many efforts by women in the English department, administration and within the community. By 1974, San Diego State University faculty members began a nationwide campaign for the integration of the department. At the time, these actions and the field were extremely political. Before formalized departments and programs, many women's studies courses were advertised unofficially around campuses and taught by women faculty member – without pay – in addition to their established teaching and administrative responsibilities. Then, as in many cases today, faculty who teach in women's studies often hold faculty appointments in other departments on campus. 2854: 3037:

both social analytics and social relations, in which may be found in the material conditions of any given society. In addition from examining from a gender standpoint, material conditions are studied in relation to realistic aspects of women's lives. A key aspect in which materialist feminists have revealed these relations is from the feminist perspective, claiming that social conditions of gender are historically situated, as well as subjected to intervention and change. Materialist feminism specifically focuses on social arrangements that accentuate the role of women notably the aspects of family, domesticity, and motherhood. Materialism analyzes gendering discourses in which promote women's marginalization; Thus, one of the most influential aspects of materialist feminism is its attentiveness with questions of ideology and how they relate to history and agency.

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ways in which knowledge regarding gender is prioritized, transmitted, and circulated in the field and academy. Transnational feminist theory is continually challenging the traditional divides of society, in which are crucial to ongoing politics and cultural beliefs. A key recognition advanced from the transnational feminist perspective is that gender is, has been, and will continue to be, a global effort. Furthermore, a transnational feminist perspective perpetuates that a lack of attention to the cultural and economic injustices of gender, as a result of globalization, may aid in the reinforcing of global gender inequalities; though, this can only come about when one occupies globally privileged subject positions.

3079:, has criticized this aspect of women's studies programs, arguing that they place politics over education, stating "the strategies of faculty members in these programs have included policing insensitive language, championing research methods deemed congenial to women (such as qualitative over quantitative methods), and conducting classes as if they were therapy sessions." Since women's studies students analyze identity markers including gender, race, class, and sexuality, this often results in dissecting institutionalized structures of power. As a result of these pedagogies, women's studies students leave university with a tool set to make social change and do something about power inequalities in society. 2814:" groups, left-wing activist groups, and extramural departments attached to universities and colleges. Bird notes that, according to feminist activists and scholars Anna Coote and Beatrix Campbell who interviewed many participants in the 1960s-70s development of women's studies, "in the summer of 1969 Juliet Mitchell taught a short course entitled 'The Role of Women in Society' in the 'Anti University', which had been organised by radical academics as part of the student protest movement". Maggie Humm identifies this summer course as "Britain's first women's studies course". 2955: 62: 2983:

considered to understand hierarchies of power and privilege, as well as the effects in which they manifest in an individual's life. Though events and conditions of social and political life are often thought to be shaped by one factor, intersectionality theorizes that oppression and social inequality are a result of how powerful individuals view the combination of various factors; emphasizing that discrimination is accounted for by power, not personal identity.

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that has characterized first wave feminism. Feminists use agency in attempt to create new forms of autonomy and dependence from the reshaping of gender relations that is taking place in global society. Women's studies acknowledges the lack of agency in which women historically possessed, due to hierarchical positions in society. Feminists are actively making an effort to increase gender equality, as it may result in expanding social agency for all women.

6855: 3126:, thirty Women's Studies academics came together to criticise the "unhealthy conditions and self-destructive tendencies that appear to be intrinsic to many Women's Studies programs". Professors spoke of being unable to "discuss their concerns about this belligerent anti-intellectualism with other faculty members in Women's Studies", with claims of a "constant emphasis on political purity.... from both students and professors". 3019:

critics are concerned about requiring students to engage in both mandated activism and/or social justice work. Women's studies not only focus on concepts such as domestic violence, discrimination in the workplace, and gender differences in the division of labor at home, but gives a foundation for understanding the root cause of these concepts, which is the first step to making for a better life for women.

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Women faculty in traditional departments such as history, English, and philosophy began to offer courses with a focus on women. Drawing from the women's movement's notion that "the personal is political", courses also began to develop around sexual politics, women's roles in society, and the ways in which women's personal lives reflect larger power structures.

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and often resorted to activism to address educational and other disadvantages women faced in the 1960s and 1970s. The first generation of scholars focused on establishing and legitimizing Africa's precolonial history. They also questioned whether the Western construct of gender applied in Africa or whether the concepts of gender existed in pre-colonial Africa.

2896:. Research practices associated with women's studies place women and the experiences of women at the center of inquiry through the use of quantitative, qualitative, and mixed methods. Feminist researchers acknowledge their role in the production of knowledge and make explicit the relationship between the researcher and the research subject. 2606:. First they met informally, then were able to gain official recognition in 1985 as the Grupo de Estudios Mujer y Sociedad (Women & Society Study Group) and finally in 1994, they launched the Programa de Estudios de Género, Mujer y Desarrollo (PGMD, Gender, Women and Development Studies Program) in the Human Sciences Department at the 3027:

Agency may be defined as the capability to make choices individually and freely. An individual's agency may be restricted due to various social factors, such as gender, race, religion and social class. From a feminist standpoint, agency may be viewed as an attempt to equalize the one-sided oppression

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has become the key theoretical framework through which various feminist scholars discuss the relationship of between one's social and political identities such as gender, race, age, and sexual orientation, and received societal discrimination. Intersectionality posits that these relationships must be

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In 1980, the University of Kent launched the first named MA degree in Women's Studies, with Mary Evans leading the development of the course. Following Kent, Bradford (1982), Sheffield City Polytechnic (1983), Warwick (1983) and York (1984) opened MA courses. In 1990, part-time BAs in Women's Studies

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became the chair of UBA's degree program in women's studies. In 1992, the Area Interdisciplinaria de Estudios de la Mujer (AIEM, Interdisciplinary Area of Women's Studies), which became the Instituto Interdisciplinario de Estudios de Género (Interdisciplinary Institute of Gender Studies) in 1997, was

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in Mexico City. In 1984, academics formed the Centro de Estudios de la Mujer (Center for Women's Studies) in the psychology faculty at the National Autonomous University of Mexico. The field was formalized with the creation of the Programa Universitario de Estudios de Género (PUEG, University Program

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lens. Women's studies courses focus on a variety of topics such as media literacy, sexuality, race and ethnicity, history involving women, queer theory, multiculturalism and other courses closely related. Faculty incorporate these components into classes across a variety of topics, including popular

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in a triad model of equal parts research, theory, and praxis. The decentralization of the professor as the source of knowledge is often fundamental to women's studies classroom culture. Students are encouraged to take an active role in "claiming" their education, taking responsibility for themselves

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approaches to understand gender and its intersections with race, class, ethnicity, sexuality, religion, age, and (dis)ability to produce and maintain power structures within society. With this turn, there has been a focus on language, subjectivity, and social hegemony, and how the lives of subjects,

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has become a key component of women's studies courses, programs, and departments. Social justice theory is concerned with the fight for just communities, not on the individual level, but for the whole of society. Women's studies students engage in social justice projects, although some scholars and

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Early women's studies courses and curricula were often driven by the question "Why are women not included? Where are the women?". That is, as more women became more present in higher education as both students and faculty, questions arose about the male-centric nature of most courses and curricula.

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and the "patriarchal social systems" left behind in Africa after decolonization. Because systems prevailed which supported boys' education over that of girls, in the era following independence there were few women who could read and write. Those who could were not encouraged to become professionals

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Materialist theory derives from 1960s and 1970s social work in feminism. Materialism possesses significant ties to the Marxist theories of history, agency, and ideology; though, may be distinguished through the incorporation of language and culture to its philosophy. Materialism poses questions to

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is concerned with the flow of social, political, and economic equality of women and men across borders; directly in response to globalization, neoliberalism, and imperialism. Women's studies began incorporating transnational feminist theory into its curricula as a way to disrupt and challenge the

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in 1970. Starting in 1979, the Grupo Autónomo de Mujeres Universitarias (GAMU, Autonomous Group of University Women), which included both Mexican faculty and students began meeting periodically to discuss how feminism could be introduced to various campuses across the country. In 1982, a women's

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In 1975, Margarita Rendel, Oonagh Hartnett, Zoe Fairbairns, wrote a guide outlining the 17 then-existing undergraduate courses, 1 postgraduate option, four college of education offers and six polytechnics courses in Women's Studies – often called 'women in society' – in the United Kingdom. They

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of the 1990s. As "woman" as a concept continued to be expanded, the exploration of social constructions of gender led to the field's expansion into both gender studies and sexuality studies. The field of women's studies continued to grow during the 1990s and into the 2000s with the expansion of

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Women's studies programs are involved in social justice work and often design curricula that are embedded with theory and activism outside of the classroom setting. Some women's studies programs offer internships that are community-based allowing students the opportunity to experience how

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in 1990. As of 2012, there were 16 institutions offering a PhD in Women's Studies in the United States. Since then, UC Santa Cruz (2013), the University of Kentucky-Lexington (2013), Stony Brook University (2014), and Oregon State University (2016) also introduced a PhD in the field.

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A part time postgraduate Diploma in Women's Studies was offered by The Polytechnic of Central London from 1977, and in 1978 an MA course on the subject of 'Rights', including women's rights, was organised by Margarita Rendel at the London Institute of Education.

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in 1986. Around the 1980s, universities in the U.S. saw the growth and development of women's studies courses and programs across the country while the field continued to grapple with backlash from both conservative groups and concerns from those within the

2411:, rallies, petition circulating, and operating unofficial or experimental classes and presentations before seven committees and assemblies, the first women's studies program in the United States was established in 1970 at San Diego State College (now 2938: 2780:

and began researching and teaching on the status of women. Dawson's course, "Women in a Changing World", which focused on the socio-economic and political status of women in western Europe, becoming one of the first women's studies courses.

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to situate black women's experiences as they struggle for social change and liberation, while simultaneously celebrating the strength of black women, their culture, and their beauty. Patricia Hill Collin's contributed the concept of the

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Brooks, A. (2007). Feminist standpoint epistemology: Building knowledge and empowerment through women's lived experiences. In Hesse-Biber, S.N. & Leavy, P.L. (Eds.), Feminist Research Practice (pp. 53–82). CA: Sage

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In Canada The first few university courses in Women's Studies were taught in the early 1970s. In 1984 the federal government established five regional endowed chairs in Women's Studies for each region of the country at:

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refers to the body of writing that works to address gender discrimination and disparities, while acknowledging, describing, and analyzing the experiences and conditions of women's lives. Theorists and writers such as

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Arango Gaviria, Luz Gabriela (2018). "Un proyecto académico feminista en mutación: la Escuela de Estudios de Género de la Universidad Nacional de Colombia ". In Gil Hernández, Franklin; Pérez-Bustos, Tania (eds.).

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founded at UBA linking academics from the faculties of Arts, Anthropology, Classics and Letters, Education, History, Languages, and Philosophy to encourage broader research and analysis of women in these fields.

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Lykes, M.B. & Coquillon, E. (2006). Participatory and Action Research and feminisms: Towards Transformative Praxis. In Sharlene Hesse-Biber (Ed.). Handbook of Feminist Research: Theory and Praxis. CA: Sage

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Activists and researchers in Chile began meeting in 1978 with creation of the Círculo de la Mujer (Women's Circle). In 1984, they founded the Centro de Estudios de la Mujer (CEM, Center for Women's Studies) in

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In 1977, there were 276 women's studies programs nationwide in the United States. The number of programs increased in the following decade, growing up to 530 programs in 1989, which included the program at the

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Borland, K. (1991). That's not what I said: Interpretive conflict in oral narrative research. In Giuck, S. & Patai, D. (Eds.), Women's Words: The Feminist Practice of Oral History (pp. 63–76). NY:

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Leavy, P.L. (2007b). The practice of feminist oral history and focus group interviews. In Hesse-Biber, S.N. & Leavy, P.L. (Eds.), Feminist Research Practice (pp. 149–186). CA: Sage Publications.

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Leckenby, D. (2007). Feminist empiricism: Challenging gender bias and "setting the record straight." In Hesse-Biber, S.N. & Leavy, P.L. (Eds.), Feminist Research Practice (pp. 27–52). CA: Sage

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Around the same time, women academics in Latin America began to form women's studies groups. The first chair of women's studies in Mexico was created in the political and social sciences faculty of the

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The erasure of women and their activities in Africa was complex. When women's studies emerged in the 1980s, it focused on recovering women from the obscurity of all of African history caused by

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Buch, E.D. & Staller, K.M. (2007). The feminist practice of ethnography. In Hesse-Biber, S.N. & Leavy, P.L. (Eds.), Feminist Research Practice (pp. 187–221). CA: Sage Publications.

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Brooks, A. & Hesse-Biber, S.N. (2007). An invitation to feminist research. In Hesse-Biber, S.N. & Leavy, P.L. (Eds.), Feminist Research Practice (pp. 1–24). CA: Sage Publications.

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Hesse-Biber, S.N. (2007). The practice of feminist in-depth interviewing. In Hesse-Biber, S.N. & Leavy, P.L. (Eds.), Feminist Research Practice (pp. 111–148). CA: Sage Publications.

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Miner-Rubino, K. & Jayaratne, T.E. (2007). Feminist survey research. In Hesse-Biber, S.N. & Leavy, P.L. (Eds.), Feminist Research Practice (pp. 293–325). CA: Sage Publications.

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however they identify, are constituted. At the core of these theories is the notion that however one identifies, gender, sex, and sexuality are not intrinsic, but are socially constructed.

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Leavy, P.L. (2007a). Feminist postmodernism and poststructuralism. In Hesse-Biber, S.N. & Leavy, P.L. (Eds.), Feminist Research Practice (pp. 83–108). CA: Sage Publications.

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universities offering majors, minors, and certificates in women's studies, gender studies, and feminist studies. The first official PhD program in Women's Studies was established at

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Leavy, P.L. (2007c). The feminist practice of content analysis. In Hesse-Biber, S.N. & Leavy, P.L. (Eds.), Feminist Research Practice (pp. 223–248). CA: Sage Publications.

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Johnson, Jennifer L.; Luhmann, Susanne (2016). "Social Justice for (University) Credit? The Women's and Gender Studies Practicum in the Neoliberal University. (Report)".

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launched the "Introduction to Women's Studies" and a post-graduate seminar, "La construcción social del género sexual" (The Social Construction of Sexual Gender) at the

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Hyam, M. (2004). Hearing girls' silences: Thoughts on the politics and practices of a feminist method of group discussion. Gender, Place, and Culture, 11 (1), 105–119.

2683:. Gender studies also began to be established in universities in Brazil in the 1980s and continued expanding throughout the 1990s. In 1992, Brazilian academics at the 1599: 4355: 5983:

Halse, C. & Honey, A. (2005). Unraveling ethics: Illuminating the moral dilemmas of research ethics. Journal of Women in Culture and Society, 30 (4), 2141–2162.

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Simien, Evelyn M. (2007). "Black Feminist Theory: Charting a Course for Black Women's Studies in Political Science". In Waters, Kristin; Conaway, Carol B. (eds.).

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established the Development and Women's Studies Program (DAWS) in 1989, which by 1996 offered both undergraduate and graduate level studies. After the demise of

2951:" to feminist theory, which reconceptualized race, class, and gender as interlocking systems of oppression that shape experiences of privilege and oppression. 983: 5986:

Harding, S. (1987). Introduction: Is there a feminist method? In Harding, S. (ed.), Feminism & Methodology. (pp. 1–14). IN: Indiana University Press.

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added to the field of feminist theory with respect to the ways in which race and gender mutually inform the experiences of women of color with works such as

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in 1996 to facilitate research and gender studies in Africa. By 2003, full departments dedicated to gender and women's studies had also been established at

4861: 4049: 2819: 2126:; systems of privilege and oppression; and the relationships between power and gender as they intersect with other identities and social locations such as 3067:

institutional structures of privilege and oppression directly affects women's lives. Women's studies curricula often encourage students to participate in

2556: 2098: 4297: 6955: 2283:(AAWORD) was established to promote research on African women by African women. Scholars affiliated with the organization from its founding included: 274: 269: 4812: 4603:(1). Rio de Janeiro, Brazil: Interdisciplinar de Estudos Contemporâneos da Escola de Comunicação da Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro: 242–243. 4170: 4398: 2807: 2483: 928: 286: 2429: 5969:

Dill, T.B & Zambrana, R. (2009) Emerging Intersections: Race, Class and Gender in Theory, Policy and Practice. NJ: Rutgers University Press.

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Women's studies courses are now offered in over seven hundred institutions in the United States, and globally in more than forty countries.

2684: 2016: 1946: 1256: 4432:(in Spanish). San Leopoldo, Brazil: Corridor of Ideas of the Southern Cone-X International Colloquium of Political Philosophy. p. 6. 3228: 2932: 2818:

compiled the guide from surveys of UK universities and adding to research previously published by Sue Beardon and Erika Stevenson for the

239: 7377: 7055: 3186: 3076: 2026: 2021: 1716: 1440: 1041: 4459: 2559:. The center provided a research facility for women scholars and provided publishing for their works. From the early 1980s, women like 5401: 3630: 3288: 3256: 2636:(Center for Historical Studies on Women), which began in 1993 to offer the first master's degree in women's studies in Latin America. 1241: 264: 244: 6835: 6760: 6627: 6596: 6339: 6318: 6256: 6208: 6193: 6178: 6137: 6031: 5977: 5937: 5702: 5629: 5510: 5477: 5217: 5184: 5151: 5089: 3951: 3361: 3324: 2052: 1966: 1934: 749: 4091: 2031: 921: 5535: 6988: 4564: 1371: 938: 209: 4022: 2607: 219: 164: 3014:

Since its inception and connection with the women's movement, activism has been a foundation of women's studies. Increasingly

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Fausto-Sterling, Anne (2000). Sexing the body: gender politics and the construction of sexuality. New York: Basic Books.

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Parisi, Laura (2012). "Transnational". In Orr, Catherine Margaret; Braithwaite, Ann; Lichtenstein, Diane Marilyn (eds.).

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of gender, race, sexuality, class and other topics that are involved in identity politics and societal norms through a

2503:, founded the Programa Interdisciplinario de Estudios de la Mujer (PIEG, Interdisciplinary Women's Studies Program) at 2336: 7398: 7030: 7008: 4568: 4247: 2970:

is a way of understanding and analyzing the complexity in people, human experiences, and society. Associated with the

2408: 2127: 1981: 1971: 1941: 1823: 1808: 1798: 1386: 1251: 1246: 943: 521: 111: 2576: 7117: 6408: 4331: 4293: 3694: 2675:(GEMPA, Paraguayan Women's Studies Group) was founded at the Paraguayan Center for Sociological Studies in 1985 by 2618: 2572: 2412: 1924: 1511: 106: 7256: 7122: 2724: 2693:, one of the primary academic journals on gender in Brazil. Among the contributors for the inaugural issue were 2552: 2437: 2084: 1736: 1516: 958: 767: 5909:

Bubriski, Anne; Semaan, Ingrid (2009). "Activist Learning vs. Service Learning in a Women's Studies Classroom".

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Shome, R. (2006). "Transnational Feminism and Communication Studies: The Communication Review, 9(4), 255–267".

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Mcnay, L (2003). "Agency, Anticipation and Indeterminacy in Feminist Theory. Feminist Theory, 4(2), 139–148".

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Wiegman, Robyn (2008). "Feminism, Institutionalism, and the Idiom of Failure". In Scott, Joan Wallach (ed.).

4288:[Virginia Guzmán from CEM: 'A Constitution with Women Will Understand Equality in a Different Way']. 2709: 2118:

and interdisciplinary methods to place women's lives and experiences at the center of study, while examining

7162: 7100: 7059: 6924: 4285: 2736: 2509: 2504: 2376: 2312: 1843: 1803: 1494: 1487: 1445: 1342: 684: 5786:"Materialist Feminism: A Reader in Class, Difference, and Women's Lives: Canadian Journal of Communication" 2595: 2564: 7336: 7147: 6998: 4991: 3913: 3002: 2889: 2560: 2454: 2158: 2119: 1991: 1651: 1558: 1381: 1231: 1221: 1197: 1175: 1165: 1140: 1130: 799: 555: 443: 367: 5114: 4388: 4233: 7316: 7236: 7210: 7090: 7065: 6978: 6893: 6224: 5744: 5585: 3087: 3060: 2917: 2811: 2806:

Elizabeth Bird traced the development of Women's Studies in the UK out of informal education run by the

2713: 2694: 2599: 1741: 1701: 1691: 1646: 1477: 1452: 1361: 1226: 988: 948: 433: 350: 6927:(key founder of the Institute for Women's and Gender Studies at the University of Toronto) held at the 6777:. Burlington, VT and Hanover, NH: University of Vermont Press and the University Press of New England. 3816:

Transforming Scholarship: Why Women's and Gender Studies Students Are Changing Themselves and the World

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Transforming Scholarship: Why Women's and Gender Studies Students Are Changing Themselves and the World

2676: 2658: 6871: 4502:(70). Rio de Janeiro: Centro de Pesquisa e Documentação da História Contemporânea do Brasil: 227–253. 4210: 2279:(1997) are some of the first works which sought to examine gender perceptions in Africa. In 1977, the 7266: 7105: 7003: 6983: 5785: 3506: 3424: 2975: 2948: 2732: 2680: 2517: 2513: 2441: 2392: 1863: 1818: 1788: 1771: 1761: 1609: 1521: 1499: 1391: 1366: 1301: 1145: 1125: 1075: 933: 874: 847: 587: 421: 146: 136: 2728: 2654: 2532: 2340: 7351: 7132: 7127: 7085: 7080: 7075: 3976: 3201: 3141: 2971: 2858: 2666: 2662: 2528: 2450: 2446: 2384: 2368: 2218: 2170: 2166: 1681: 1671: 1641: 1629: 1624: 1526: 1472: 1467: 1462: 1120: 1055: 1035: 973: 916: 879: 857: 823: 757: 509: 414: 343: 193: 141: 131: 86: 7271: 6909: 4813:"PhD in Women, Gender, and Sexuality Studies! | College of Liberal Arts | Oregon State University" 4286:"Virginia Guzmán del CEM: "Una Constitución con mujeres va a entender de otra manera la igualdad»" 7246: 7142: 7045: 7035: 5833: 5808: 5732: 5573: 5450: 5442: 5374: 5235: 4927: 4612: 4529: 4139: 3763: 3676: 3553: 3432: 3135: 2913: 2404: 2388: 2360: 2320: 2284: 2198: 2139: 2131: 1868: 1858: 1848: 1833: 1828: 1813: 1766: 1746: 1721: 1686: 1676: 1656: 1553: 1435: 1425: 1080: 911: 782: 664: 377: 338: 7215: 6273:. London, England: Zed Books in association with the University of Hull and the European Union. 5468:

Moghadam, Valentine M. (2011). "Transnational Feminisms". In Lee, Janet; Shaw, Susan M. (eds.).

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that compelled the formation of women's studies found itself at odds with the institutionalized

2339:(Senegal). These scholars inspired a second group of researchers and activists, which included: 91: 5081: 5075: 5050: 5042: 4838: 3943: 3937: 3790: 3782: 2193:, surveys, community-based research, discourse analysis, and reading practices associated with 2181:, and embodiment. Research practices and methodologies associated with women's studies include 7157: 7152: 7137: 7070: 6859: 6838: 6831: 6815: 6805: 6788: 6778: 6763: 6756: 6733: 6723: 6706: 6696: 6677: 6667: 6648: 6638: 6623: 6599: 6592: 6576: 6566: 6547: 6537: 6518: 6508: 6482: 6472: 6455: 6445: 6426: 6416: 6396: 6386: 6367: 6357: 6342: 6335: 6321: 6314: 6284: 6274: 6259: 6252: 6204: 6189: 6174: 6158: 6148: 6133: 6121: 6111: 6092: 6082: 6061: 6051: 6034: 6027: 5973: 5933: 5698: 5672: 5635: 5625: 5621: 5541: 5516: 5506: 5483: 5473: 5407: 5397: 5299: 5263: 5223: 5213: 5190: 5180: 5157: 5147: 5095: 5085: 5054: 4919: 4670: 4650: 4620: 4604: 4521: 4513: 4335: 4323: 4259: 4251: 4131: 4123: 4026: 3957: 3947: 3819: 3794: 3626: 3620: 3599: 3587: 3561: 3545: 3510: 3476: 3468: 3444: 3390: 3367: 3357: 3330: 3320: 3294: 3284: 3262: 3252: 3099: 3051: 3046: 2991: 2979: 2967: 2954: 2885: 2881: 2777: 2755: 2751: 2740: 2364: 2348: 2308: 2150: 1929: 1793: 1756: 1751: 1731: 1726: 1696: 1661: 1614: 1604: 1568: 1563: 1548: 1543: 1457: 1192: 1185: 1160: 1150: 1135: 1005: 978: 869: 828: 809: 804: 713: 679: 659: 646: 607: 602: 597: 570: 470: 409: 311: 45: 5884: 5077:

The evolution of American women's studies: reflections on triumphs, controversies, and change

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The evolution of American women's studies: reflections on triumphs, controversies, and change

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The Evolution of American Women's Studies: Reflections on Triumphs, Controversies, and Change

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The Evolution of American Women's Studies: Reflections on Triumphs, Controversies and Change

6233: 5724: 5613: 5565: 5434: 5366: 5332: 5295: 5291: 4909: 4503: 4113: 4108: 4103: 3668: 3659: 3654: 3436: 3213: 3191: 3155: 3068: 2831: 2795: 2760: 2424: 2296: 2272: 2229: 2154: 1878: 1873: 1783: 1711: 1706: 1666: 1619: 1594: 1531: 1403: 1331: 1180: 1065: 953: 864: 818: 794: 718: 691: 654: 502: 497: 490: 485: 480: 460: 404: 387: 333: 328: 81: 31: 4356:"Murió Hilda Habichayn, reconocida docente de la UNR y activista por la igualdad de género" 3050:

and the learning process. Women's studies programs and courses are designed to explore the

61: 7341: 7205: 7183: 7095: 6964: 6914: 6244: 6215: 5853:

Rich, Adrienne (2005). "Claiming an Education". In Anderson, Chris; Runciman, Lex (eds.).

5757: 5598: 3206: 3166: 3161: 3148: 3083: 2904: 2877: 2835: 2627: 2568: 2548: 2332: 2304: 2214: 2194: 2186: 2146: 2074: 1482: 1291: 1279: 1085: 1030: 1010: 968: 833: 723: 669: 627: 565: 560: 526: 438: 392: 6502: 6271:

Doing Women's Studies: Employment Opportunities, Personal Impacts and Social Consequences

3861: 5286:

Cooper, Brittney (2016). "Intersectionality". In Disch, Lisa; Hawkesworth, Mary (eds.).

4147: 4010:

Feminismos y estudios de género en Colombia: un campo académico y político en movimiento

7361: 7331: 7311: 7301: 7281: 6876: 6690: 6661: 6531: 6439: 6306: 6075: 6045: 4898:"Women's studies and the women's movement in Britain: origins and evolution, 1970–2000" 3464: 3171: 3111: 3015: 2893: 2798:, the first master's degree course in gender and women's studies in Afghanistan began. 2580: 2522: 2492: 2488: 2356: 2233: 2225: 2162: 1853: 1296: 1261: 1070: 886: 838: 632: 592: 475: 6854: 6300: 3839: 3655:"San Diego State 1970: The Initial Year of the Nation's First Women's Studies Program" 7392: 7326: 7306: 7286: 7261: 6380: 6105: 5736: 5614: 5577: 5378: 5320: 4931: 4533: 4143: 3680: 3218: 3107: 2500: 2228:, feminist studies, and sexuality studies, and more broadly related to the fields of 1155: 1115: 1110: 1025: 772: 735: 360: 355: 5454: 4508: 4358:[Hilda Habichayn, Renowned UNR Teacher and Gender Equality Activist, Died]. 3071:

activities in addition to discussion and reflection upon course materials. However,

7346: 7296: 6993: 4092:"Los estudios de género en la UBA y la UNAM: una conquista del feminismo académico" 3176: 3095: 3072: 2921: 2773: 2496: 2264: 2202: 2135: 1376: 1306: 1170: 1105: 1100: 1060: 1015: 777: 696: 674: 575: 450: 323: 4393: 4015:

Feminisms and Gender Studies in Colombia: An Academic Field and Political Movement

2841:

Current courses in Women's Studies in the United Kingdom can be found through the

6560: 5370: 5210:

Black feminist thought: knowledge, consciousness, and the politics of empowerment

3350: 2939:

Black Feminist Thought: Knowledge, Consciousness, and the Politics of Empowerment

2589: 7276: 7251: 7241: 7200: 6608: 5425:

Hekman, Susan (1997). "Truth and Method: Feminist Standpoint Theory Revisited".

3103: 2869: 2344: 2292: 2257: 2190: 2182: 2178: 2174: 789: 706: 580: 426: 17: 6536:. New York, NY: Teachers College Press, Teachers College, Columbia University. 6219: 5394:

The feminist standpoint theory reader: intellectual and political controversies

4691: 4094:[Gender Studies at the UBA and UNAM: A Conquest of Academic Feminism]. 2551:

began teaching women's studies in Peru, and the following year, she along with

27:

Academic field that places women's lives and experiences at the center of study

7321: 7173: 5728: 5569: 5537:

Between Woman and Nation: Nationalisms, Transnational Feminisms, and the State

4914: 4897: 4624: 4525: 4360: 4263: 4175: 4135: 3565: 3499:

Development, Crises, and Alternative Visions: Third World Women's Perspectives

3440: 3298: 3091: 2909: 2547:

to facilitate multi-disciplinary studies on women and gender. That same year,

2352: 1336: 1321: 1020: 6867:

Smith College List of Graduate Programs in Women's Studies and Gender Studies

6237: 5639: 5520: 5487: 5227: 5161: 5099: 4923: 4608: 4517: 4255: 4127: 3961: 3549: 3334: 3266: 2830:

launched at the Polytechnic of North East London and at Preston Polytechnic.

6819: 6792: 6737: 6710: 6681: 6652: 6580: 6551: 6522: 6486: 6459: 6430: 6371: 6288: 6162: 6125: 6096: 6065: 5411: 5194: 4102:(81). Mexico City, Mexico: Unión de Universidades de América Latina: 45–54. 4057: 3720: 3371: 2744: 2614: 2403:

The first accredited women's studies course in the U.S. was held in 1969 at

2372: 2316: 1316: 1311: 399: 6400: 4854:"Kabul University unlikely host for first Afghan women's studies programme" 4554: 4494:[Symposium: Five Questions about Gender Studies in Latin America]. 2491:. Similarly in 1983, activists in the Mexican feminist movement, including 4787: 3672: 2145:

Popular concepts that are related to the field of women's studies include

6842: 6767: 6603: 6346: 6325: 6263: 6220:"'Territory Trouble': Feminist Studies and (the Question of) Hospitality" 6132:

Davis, Angela Y. (2003). Are Prisons Obsolete?, Open Media (April 2003),

6038: 4762: 4328:

Notable Twentieth-Century Latin American Women: A Biographical Dictionary

3744:

Chinyere Okafor citing from The Center for Women's Studies' papers at WSU

3196: 3055: 2943: 2640: 2603: 2544: 2468:

University of Winnipeg and University of Manitoba (Prairies, joint chair)

2300: 2115: 1090: 963: 531: 53: 5837: 5812: 4616: 4592: 4118: 3783:"Triumphs, Controversies, and Change: 1970s to the Twenty-First Century" 3767: 3698: 3557: 3531: 2471:

Carleton University and the University of Ottawa (Ontario, joint chair),

6919: 6332:

The Politics of Women's Studies: Testimony from Thirty Founding Mothers

5446: 5336: 5115:"Questions for A New Century: Women's Studies and Integrative Learning" 4492:"Simpósio: cinco questões sobre os estudos de gênero na América Latina" 3721:"History:: Department of Women's Studies at San Diego State University" 2331:, created in 1984. African scholars among DAWN's founding members were 762: 6928: 6866: 6828:

Women's Studies on Its Own: A Next Wave Reader in Institutional Change

6613:

Dislocating Cultures: Identities, Traditions, and Third-World Feminism

6354:

Women's Realities, Women's Choices: An Introduction to Women's Studies

4472:(in Spanish). Buenos Aires, Argentina: Biblioteca Clacso. p. 11. 3352:

Women's studies on its own: a next wave reader in institutional change

2327:(DAWN), a network for feminist academics and activists focused on the 6413:

Women's Studies for the Future: Foundations, Interrogations, Politics

4559: 3754:

Boxer, Marilyn J. (Fall 2002). "Women's studies as women's history".

2206: 2123: 6881: 6635:

Professing Feminism: Education and Indoctrination in Women's Studies

5930:

Professing feminism: education and indoctrination in women's studies

3590:. In Cole, Catherine M.; Manuh, Takyiwaa; Miescher, Stephan (eds.). 3124:

Professing Feminism: Education and Indoctrination in Women's Studies

6920:

Women's Studies Resources from WIDNET: Women in Development Network

6666:. New York, NY: Feminist Press at the City University of New York. 6249:

An Introduction to Women's Studies: Gender in a Transnational World

6110:. New York, NY: Feminist Press at the City University of New York. 5438: 5146:(4th ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill Higher Education. p. 2. 4737: 3249:

Women's voices, feminist visions: classic and contemporary readings

6933: 6872:

WSSLinks: women's studies web links from the University of Toronto

6186:

Sexing the body: gender politics and the construction of sexuality

5824:

Shrewsbury, Carolyn M. (Fall 1993). "What is feminist pedagogy?".

5799:

Shrewsbury, Carolyn M. (Fall 1987). "What is feminist pedagogy?".

2422:

The first scholarly journal in interdisciplinary women's studies,

6589:

Disciplining Feminism: From Social Activism to Academic Discourse

6107:

Changing Lives: Life Stories of Asian Pioneers in Women's Studies

6047:

When Women ask the Questions: Creating Women's Studies in America

5043:"Women's Studies – The Early Years: When Sisterhood Was Powerful" 2602:

worked to create an interdisciplinary field of feminist study in

2205:. The field researches and critiques different societal norms of 6937: 6501:

Loeb, Catherine; Searing, Susan E.; Lanigan, Esther F. (1987).

4716: 3469:"DAWN, the Third World Feminist Network: Upturning Hierarchies" 6618:

Orr, Catherine; Braithwaite, Ann; Lichtenstein, Diane (2012).

6469:

Women's Studies and Business Ethics: Toward a New Conversation

5911:

Human Architecture: Journal of the Sociology of Self-Knowledge

5017:"Universities and Colleges Admissions Service, United Kingdom" 4173:[Colmex Recognizes Three Pioneers of Gender Studies]. 4171:"Reconoce el Colmex a tres pioneras de los estudios de género" 2776:

took up a lectureship in the Department of Adult Education at

6929:

University of Toronto Archives and Record Management Services

6886: 5872:(Second ed.). Abingdon, Oxon: Routledge. pp. 35–40. 5470:

Women worldwide: transnational feminist perspectives on women

4975:

Hartnett, Oonagh; Rendel, Margarita; Fairbairns, Zoe (1975).

6905:

Main focus "Frauen- und Geschlechtergeschichte in Westfalen"

6692:

Who's Afraid of Women's Studies?: Feminisms in Everyday Life

6081:. London, England and Jefferson, NC: Mansell and McFarland. 4205:[We Were the Pioneers of Gender Research in Chile]. 2508:

on Gender Studies) in 1992, at the urging of academics like

6775:

Black Women's Intellectual Traditions: Speaking their Minds

6504:

Women's Studies: A Recommended Core Bibliography, 1980–1985

5357:

Potter, M (2014). "Loyalism, Women and Standpoint Theory".

4202: 2876:

Major theories employed in women's studies courses include

6887:

The Gay, Lesbian, Bisexual, Transgender Historical Society

6637:(New and Expanded ed.). Lanham, MD: Lexington Books. 6311:

Thinking Differently: A Reader in European Women's Studies

4490:

Peluffo, Pelufo; Josiowicz, Alejandra (May–August 2020).

3319:(Second ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Publications. 2281:

Association of African Women for Research and Development

6382:

Women in Perspective: A Guide for Cross-Cultural Studies

6171:

Myths of gender: biological theories about women and men

6143:

Davis, Kathy; Evans, Mary; Lorber, Judith, eds. (2006).

6024:

Exploring Women's Studies: Looking Forward, Looking Back

6022:

Berkin, Carol R., Judith L. Pinch, and Carole S. Appel,

4021:(in Spanish) (Primeraición ed.). Bogotá, Colombia: 2868:

Since the 1970s, scholars of women's studies have taken

30:"Feminist studies" redirects here. For the journal, see 6356:(3rd ed.). New York, NY: Oxford University Press. 4391:[Academics with a Magnifying Glass on Gender]. 3473:

The Oxford Handbook of Transnational Feminist Movements

6753:

Issues In Feminism: An Introduction to Women's Studies

6562:

Transforming the Disciplines: A Women's Studies Primer

5080:(1st ed.). New York: Palgrave Macmillan. p. 5016: 4964:. Hemel Hempstead: Harvester Wheatsheaf. pp. xvi. 4326:. In Tompkins, Cynthia; Foster, David William (eds.). 3942:(1st ed.). New York: Palgrave Macmillan. p. 3622:

The Encyclopedia of Stress and Stress-related Diseases

2810:(WLM), the Workers' Educational Association, "CR" or " 6915:

List of Women's Studies Programs in the United States

6882:

Center for Women's Studies of Tehran University, Iran

6334:, Paperback edition, New York: Feminist Press 2001, 5321:"The Concept of Intersectionality in Feminist Theory" 4203:"Fuimos pioneras en investigación de género en Chile" 3427:". In Yacob-Haliso, Olajumoke; Falola, Toyin (eds.). 3045:

In most institutions, women's studies courses employ

3544:(1–2). New York, New York: Feminist Press: 412–422. 2838:

in 1983 to initiate a women's studies course there.

2651:

Universidad Católica "Nuestra Señora de la Asunción"

7370: 7229: 7193: 6971: 6748:. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1999. Print. 6444:(3rd ed.). Westport, CN: Libraries Unlimited. 6225:

differences: A Journal of Feminist Cultural Studies

5857:. New York: Bedford/St. Martin's. pp. 608–611. 3418: 3416: 3414: 3412: 3410: 3408: 3406: 6352:Hunter College Women's Studies Collective (2005). 6074: 5885:"Why Not A Feminist Overhaul of Higher Education?" 4947:Sweet Freedom: the struggle for women's liberation 4461:Estudios de Género y Ciencias Sociales en Paraguay 3425:Introduction: Decolonizing African Women's Studies 3349: 6910:List of Women's Studies Programs around the World 6663:Women's Studies International: Nairobi and Beyond 6050:. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press. 5932:. United States: HarperCollins. pp. 13, 18. 4085: 4083: 4081: 4079: 2325:Development Alternatives with Women for a New Era 5620:. Piscataway: Rutgers University Press. p. 5612:Capeheart, Loretta; Milovanovic, Dragan (2007). 4209:(in Spanish). Santiago, Chile. 18 January 2021. 3814:Berger, Michele Tracy; Radeloff, Cheryl (2015). 3429:The Palgrave Handbook of African Women's Studies 3423:Yacob-Haliso, Olajumoke; Falola, Toyin (2021). " 3385:Berger, Michele Tracy; Radeloff, Cheryl (2015). 3059:culture, women in the economy, reproductive and 2432:(of the United States) was established in 1977. 2407:. After a year of intense organizing of women's 6720:Women's Studies: An Interdisciplinary Anthology 6591:, Durham, NC etc.: Duke University Press, 2002 6533:Women's Studies Graduates: The First Generation 6530:Luebke, Barbara F.; Reilly, Mary Ellen (1995). 6415:. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press. 6077:Women's Studies: A Guide to Information Sources 5616:Social Justice: Theories, Issues, and Movements 4364:(in Spanish). Rosario, Argentina. 12 May 2021. 3917:(in Spanish). San Juan, Puerto Rico. p. 32 3887:"A National Census of Women's Studies Programs" 2633:Centro de Estudios Históricos sobre las Mujeres 5281: 5279: 5142:Kolmar, Wendy K.; Bartkowski, Frances (2013). 4466:Gender Studies and Social Sciences in Paraguay 4044: 4042: 3208:Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society 2649:(Paraguayan Center of Women's Studies) at the 2477:Mount St Vincent University (Atlantic Canada). 6949: 6467:Larson, Andrea and R. Edward Freeman (1997). 6104:Committee on Women's Studies in Asia (1995). 5290:. Oxford University Press. pp. 385–406. 4977:Women's Studies Courses in the United Kingdom 4717:"Artemis Guide to Women's Studies in the U.S" 4649:. Durham: Duke University Press. p. 41. 4591:Lavinas, Lena; Lamego, Valéria, eds. (1992). 4424:[Paraguayan Women's Day 24 February] 3475:. Oxford University Press. pp. 159–187. 3251:(Sixth ed.). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill. 2670: 2644: 2631: 2489:Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Xochimilco 2092: 8: 6385:. Urbana, IL: University of Illinois Press. 6147:. London, England; Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. 4763:"PHD Program | Gender & Women's Studies" 3625:(2nd ed.). Facts on File. p. 388. 3247:Shaw, Susan M.; Lee, Janet (23 April 2014). 3182:List of women's and gender studies academics 2958:Woman in Women's Studies area of the library 2843:Universities and Colleges Admissions Service 2224:Women's studies is related to the fields of 6493:Lederman, Muriel, and Ingrid Bartsch, eds. 6441:Women's Studies: A Recommended Bibliography 4317: 4315: 3315:Hesse-Biber, Sharlene Nagy (18 July 2013). 2849:Theoretical traditions and research methods 2465:Simon Fraser University (British Columbia), 6956: 6942: 6934: 5240:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 4422:"Dia de la mujer paraguaya 24 de ferbrero" 3063:, and women's health across the lifespan. 2099: 2085: 1912: 1284: 1214: 984:African-American women's suffrage movement 316: 74: 40: 6471:. New York, NY: Oxford University Press. 5472:. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill. p. 15. 5047:The Evolution of American Women's Studies 4913: 4507: 4420:González de Bosio, Beatriz (March 2020). 4117: 4107: 4090:Lozano Rubello, Gabriela (October 2019). 4001: 3999: 3997: 3082:Notable women's studies scholars include 6689:Rogers, Mary F.; Garrett, C. D. (2002). 6633:Patai, Daphne; Koertge, Noretta (2003). 6438:Krikos, Linda A.; Ingold, Cindy (2004). 6073:Carter, Sarah; Ritchie, Maureen (1990). 5928:Patai, DAPHNE; Koertge, Noretta (2003). 5049:. New York: Palgrave MacMillan. p. 4788:"Women's, Gender, and Sexuality Studies" 4671:"Women's, Gender, and Sexuality Studies" 3789:. New York: Palgrave Macmillan. p. 2953: 2942:(Collins). Alice Walker coined the term 2852: 2646:Centro Paraguayo de estudios de la Mujer 2484:National Autonomous University of Mexico 929:Discrimination against transgender women 4945:Coote, Anna; Campbell, Beatrix (1982). 4397:(in Spanish). Buenos Aires, Argentina. 4232:Henríquez, Narda (Spring–Summer 1996). 4109:10.36888/udual.universidades.2019.81.36 3239: 2672:Grupo de Estudios de la Mujer Paraguaya 2039: 1915: 1352: 459: 376: 192: 155: 122: 52: 6507:. Littleton, CO: Libraries Unlimited. 6145:Handbook of Gender and Women's Studies 5753: 5742: 5594: 5583: 5352: 5350: 5348: 5346: 5288:The Oxford Handbook of Feminist Theory 5233: 3911:[Feminism Put into Practice]. 2927:Feminist Theory: From Margin to Center 6620:Rethinking Women's and Gender Studies 6615:. Routledge, 1997. ISBN 9780415914192 6201:Sex/Gender: Biology in a Social World 5779: 5777: 5775: 5773: 5771: 5769: 5767: 5718: 5716: 5714: 5695:Cultural Studies: Theory and Practice 5688: 5686: 5559: 5557: 5503:Rethinking women's and gender studies 5296:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199328581.013.20 5253: 5251: 4891: 4889: 4887: 4885: 4883: 4881: 4879: 4479:from the original on 26 January 2022. 4458:Santa Cruz Cosp, María Clara (2013). 4389:"Académicas con la lupa en el género" 4284:Arenas, Catalina (16 December 2019). 3907:Rodríguez, Jorge (3 September 1990). 3310: 3308: 2857:Students of Women and Gender Studies 2557:Flora Tristán Peruvian Women's Center 7: 6695:. Walnut Creek, CA: AltaMira Press. 5505:. New York: Routledge. p. 326. 5258:Hill Collins, P.; Bilge, S. (2016). 3317:Feminist research practice: a primer 2685:Federal University of Rio de Janeiro 2430:National Women's Studies Association 2417:National Women's Liberation Movement 6497:. New York: Routledge, 2001. Print. 5784:Hennessy, R.; Ingraham, C. (1999). 4990:Taylor, Barbara (31 January 2021). 4839:"Ardent warrior for women's rights" 4300:from the original on 12 August 2020 4179:(in Spanish). Mexico City, Mexico. 4169:Poy Solano, Laura (11 March 2021). 3909:"El feminism llevado a la práctica" 3818:. New York: Routledge. p. 49. 3530:Prah, Mansah (Spring–Summer 1996). 3077:University of Massachusetts Amherst 2639:The first women's study program in 2487:studies program was created at the 2335:(Morocco), Pala Okeyo (Kenya), and 2114:is an academic field that draws on 5396:. New York: Routledge. p. 2. 4738:"UC Santa Cruz – Feminist Studies" 4571:from the original on 16 March 2023 4439:from the original on 25 April 2023 4401:from the original on 30 March 2019 4387:Arrabal, Victoria (9 March 2019). 4213:from the original on 25 April 2022 4183:from the original on 11 March 2021 4064:from the original on 22 April 2022 3471:. In Rawwida Baksh-Soodeen (ed.). 3389:. New York: Routledge. p. 7. 3281:Oxford Handbook of Feminist Theory 2323:(Ethiopia). Other scholars joined 25: 6804:. New York, NY: Greenwood Press. 5883:Patai, Daphne (23 January 1998). 4368:from the original on 13 June 2021 3695:"SDSU Women's Studies Department" 3653:Salper, Roberta (November 2011). 3356:. Durham: Duke University Press. 3283:. Oxford University Press. 2018. 3229:World Center for Women's Archives 2933:In Search of Our Mothers' Gardens 7176: 6853: 5074:Ginsberg, Alice E., ed. (2008). 4290:Observatorio de Género y Equidad 4056:(in Spanish). Bogotá, Colombia: 3936:Ginsberg, Alice E., ed. (2008). 3496:Sen, Gita; Grown, Caren (1987). 3187:List of women's studies journals 2428:, began publishing in 1972. The 2068: 1600:Democratic Republic of the Congo 939:Diversity, equity, and inclusion 60: 6925:Archival papers of Kay Armatage 6830:, Duke University Press, 2002. 6565:. New York, NY: Haworth Press. 6313:, London etc.: Zed Books, 2002 5655:Resources for Feminist Research 5262:. Cambridge, UK: Polity Press. 5208:Collins, Patricia Hill (2009). 5045:. In Ginsberg, Alice E. (ed.). 4896:Bird, Elizabeth (1 June 2003). 4509:10.1590/S2178-14942020000200002 4292:(in Spanish). Santiago, Chile: 4023:National University of Colombia 3588:"7. Doing Gender Work in Ghana" 2608:National University of Colombia 2379:, South Africa established the 2269:Male Daughters, Female Husbands 6858:Learning materials related to 6559:MacNabb, Elizabeth L. (2001). 6301:Online interview with Ginsberg 6199:Fausto-Sterling, Anne (2012). 6184:Fausto-Sterling, Anne (2000). 6169:Fausto-Sterling, Anne (1992). 5868:Berger, Michele Tracy (2015). 4852:FaithWorld (26 October 2015). 4207:Centro de Estudios de la Mujer 2474:Université Laval (Quebec), and 2120:social and cultural constructs 2032:Women's suffrage organizations 1: 6877:Women's Studies web resources 6746:Has Feminism Changed Science? 6495:The Gender and Science Reader 6299:(Palgrave Macmillan: 2009). 5889:Chronicle of Higher Education 4565:São Paulo Research Foundation 2998:Transnational feminist theory 2772:In 1956, Australian feminist 6802:Women's Studies Encyclopedia 6800:Tierney, Helen (1989–1991). 6722:. New York, NY: Peter Lang. 5673:"Women's and Gender Studies" 5371:10.1080/07907184.2012.727399 4555:"Revista Estudos Feministas" 2653:. It was founded in 1983 by 2409:consciousness raising groups 2017:Suffragists and suffragettes 1947:American feminist literature 6718:Rosenberg, Roberta (2001). 6409:Kennedy, Elizabeth Lapovsky 5392:Harding, Sandra G. (2004). 4992:"Veronica Beechey obituary" 4979:. London: Margarita Rendel. 4817:liberalarts.oregonstate.edu 4647:Women's Studies on the Edge 4248:City University of New York 4246:(1–2). New York, New York: 3781:Ginsberg, Alice E. (2008). 3118:Internal academic criticism 2808:women's liberation movement 2706:Heloísa Buarque de Hollanda 2289:N'Dri Thérèse Assié-Lumumba 1257:Views on transgender topics 1247:Views on sexual orientation 7415: 6379:Jacobs, Sue-Ellen (1974). 6269:Griffin, Gabriele (2005). 6044:Boxer, Marilyn J. (1998). 5319:Carastathis, Anna (2014). 5212:(2nd ed.). New York. 5041:Rothenberg, Paula (2008). 4597:Revista Estudos Feministas 4332:Greenwood Publishing Group 4322:Trevizan, Liliana (2001). 4294:Friedrich Ebert Foundation 3532:"Women's Studies in Ghana" 2820:National Union of Students 2750:The political aims of the 2690:Revista Estudos Feministas 2619:University of Buenos Aires 2413:San Diego State University 29: 7171: 6826:Wiegman, Robyn (editor), 6188:. New York: Basic Books. 5826:Women's Studies Quarterly 5801:Women's Studies Quarterly 5729:10.1177/14647001030042003 5570:10.1080/10714420600957266 5540:. Duke University Press. 5339:– via ResearchGate. 5144:Feminist theory: a reader 4915:10.1080/09612020300200351 4595:[Collaborators]. 4330:. Westport, Connecticut: 4239:Women's Studies Quarterly 3981:The Canadian Encyclopedia 3756:Women's Studies Quarterly 3537:Women's Studies Quarterly 3467:; Wendy Harcourt (2015). 3441:10.1007/978-3-030-28099-4 2725:Rosiska Darcy de Oliveira 2671: 2632: 2585:Yolanda Puyana Villamizar 2537:Alicia Elena Pérez Duarte 2457:of those in the academy. 2438:University of Puerto Rico 2048:Women's rights by country 959:Female genital mutilation 7378:Women's studies journals 6411:; Beins, Agatha (2005). 6238:10.1215/10407391-3621745 6173:. New York: BasicBooks. 5870:Transforming Scholarship 5175:Phillips, Layli (2006). 4949:. London: Pan Macmillan. 4742:feministstudies.ucsc.edu 4234:"Gender Studies in Peru" 3596:Indiana University Press 3594:. Bloomington, Indiana: 3586:Manuh, Takyiwaa (2007). 2555:and others, founded the 2381:African Gender Institute 2238:African-American studies 2053:Feminists by nationality 2027:Women's studies journals 2022:Women's rights activists 750:Movements and ideologies 7056:International relations 6622:. New York: Routledge. 6587:Messer-Davidow, Ellen, 6203:. New York: Routledge. 5359:Irish Political Studies 5179:. New York: Routledge. 4025:Press. pp. 17–38. 3348:Wiegman, Robyn (2002). 2710:Maria Carneiro da Cunha 2415:). In conjunction with 2377:University of Cape Town 2305:Omolara Ogundipe-Leslie 1441:International relations 312:Intersectional variants 7337:Catharine A. MacKinnon 6330:Howe, Florence (ed.), 6305:Griffin, Gabriele and 5752:Cite journal requires 5593:Cite journal requires 5113:Levin, Amy K. (2007). 4902:Women's History Review 3725:womensstudies.sdsu.edu 3505:. New York, New York: 3003:Transnational feminism 2959: 2890:transnational feminism 2861: 2645: 2613:In 1985, activists in 2553:Virginia Guzmán Barcos 2455:heterosexual privilege 2337:Marie-Angélique Savané 2277:The Invention of Women 2159:transnational feminism 1967:Conservative feminisms 1222:Bicycling and feminism 1198:Women in the workforce 1166:Violence against women 1141:Sexual objectification 1101:Opposition to feminism 368:Vegetarian ecofeminism 7317:Patricia Hill Collins 7211:Hegemonic masculinity 5677:Texas Tech University 4563:. São Paulo, Brazil: 4430:Corredor de las Ideas 3673:10.1353/fem.2011.0055 3619:Kahn, Ada P. (2006). 3431:. Cham, Switzerland: 3088:Patricia Hill Collins 3061:environmental justice 2957: 2918:Patricia Hill Collins 2856: 2834:was recruited by the 2812:consciousness raising 2596:María Himelda Ramírez 2565:Guiomar Dueñas Vargas 2153:, intersectionality, 1997:Feminist rhetoricians 1987:Feminist philosophers 1539:Revisionist mythology 1242:Views on prostitution 1227:Criticism of marriage 922:Children's literature 6744:Schiebinger, Londa. 4334:. pp. 287–291. 3896:: 25. 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Islands 270:United Kingdom 267: 262: 261: 260: 255: 247: 242: 237: 232: 227: 222: 217: 212: 207: 201: 198: 197: 190: 189: 188: 187: 180: 179: 178: 177: 172: 161: 158: 157: 153: 152: 150: 149: 144: 139: 134: 128: 125: 124: 120: 119: 117: 116: 115: 114: 109: 104: 99: 89: 84: 78: 73: 70: 69: 66: 65: 57: 56: 50: 49: 26: 24: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 7411: 7400: 7397: 7396: 7394: 7379: 7376: 7375: 7373: 7369: 7363: 7360: 7358: 7355: 7353: 7350: 7348: 7345: 7343: 7340: 7338: 7335: 7333: 7330: 7328: 7327:Luce Irigaray 7325: 7323: 7320: 7318: 7315: 7313: 7310: 7308: 7307:Donna Haraway 7305: 7303: 7300: 7298: 7295: 7293: 7290: 7288: 7287:Cynthia Enloe 7285: 7283: 7280: 7278: 7275: 7273: 7272:Hélène Cixous 7270: 7268: 7265: 7263: 7262:Judith Butler 7260: 7258: 7255: 7253: 7250: 7248: 7245: 7243: 7240: 7238: 7235: 7234: 7232: 7228: 7222: 7219: 7217: 7214: 7212: 7209: 7207: 7204: 7202: 7199: 7198: 7196: 7192: 7185: 7174: 7164: 7161: 7159: 7156: 7155: 7154: 7151: 7149: 7148:Technoscience 7146: 7144: 7141: 7139: 7136: 7134: 7131: 7129: 7128:Postmodernism 7126: 7124: 7121: 7119: 7116: 7112: 7109: 7107: 7104: 7102: 7099: 7097: 7094: 7092: 7089: 7087: 7084: 7082: 7079: 7078: 7077: 7074: 7072: 7069: 7067: 7064: 7061: 7057: 7054: 7052: 7049: 7047: 7044: 7042: 7039: 7037: 7034: 7032: 7029: 7027: 7024: 7022: 7019: 7017: 7014: 7010: 7007: 7005: 7002: 7000: 6999:Art criticism 6997: 6996: 6995: 6992: 6990: 6987: 6985: 6982: 6980: 6977: 6976: 6974: 6970: 6966: 6959: 6954: 6952: 6947: 6945: 6940: 6939: 6936: 6930: 6926: 6923: 6921: 6918: 6916: 6913: 6911: 6908: 6906: 6903: 6900: 6896: 6895: 6890: 6888: 6885: 6883: 6880: 6878: 6875: 6873: 6870: 6868: 6865: 6864: 6863: 6861: 6856: 6848: 6844: 6840: 6837: 6836:0-8223-2950-6 6833: 6829: 6825: 6821: 6817: 6813: 6807: 6803: 6798: 6794: 6790: 6786: 6780: 6776: 6771: 6769: 6765: 6762: 6761:0-7674-1644-9 6758: 6754: 6750: 6747: 6743: 6739: 6735: 6731: 6725: 6721: 6716: 6712: 6708: 6704: 6698: 6694: 6693: 6687: 6683: 6679: 6675: 6669: 6665: 6664: 6658: 6654: 6650: 6646: 6640: 6636: 6631: 6629: 6628:9780415808309 6625: 6621: 6617: 6614: 6610: 6607: 6605: 6601: 6598: 6597:0-8223-2829-1 6594: 6590: 6586: 6582: 6578: 6574: 6568: 6564: 6563: 6557: 6553: 6549: 6545: 6539: 6535: 6534: 6528: 6524: 6520: 6516: 6510: 6506: 6505: 6499: 6496: 6492: 6488: 6484: 6480: 6474: 6470: 6465: 6461: 6457: 6453: 6447: 6443: 6442: 6436: 6432: 6428: 6424: 6418: 6414: 6410: 6406: 6402: 6398: 6394: 6388: 6384: 6383: 6377: 6373: 6369: 6365: 6359: 6355: 6350: 6348: 6344: 6341: 6340:1-55861-241-6 6337: 6333: 6329: 6327: 6323: 6320: 6319:1-84277-002-0 6316: 6312: 6308: 6304: 6302: 6298: 6294: 6290: 6286: 6282: 6276: 6272: 6267: 6265: 6261: 6258: 6257:0-07-109380-X 6254: 6250: 6246: 6243: 6239: 6235: 6231: 6227: 6226: 6221: 6217: 6213: 6210: 6209:9780415881456 6206: 6202: 6198: 6195: 6194:0-465-07714-5 6191: 6187: 6183: 6180: 6179:0-465-04792-0 6176: 6172: 6168: 6164: 6160: 6156: 6150: 6146: 6141: 6139: 6138:1-58322-581-1 6135: 6131: 6127: 6123: 6119: 6113: 6109: 6108: 6102: 6098: 6094: 6090: 6084: 6079: 6078: 6071: 6067: 6063: 6059: 6053: 6049: 6048: 6042: 6040: 6036: 6033: 6032:0-13-185088-1 6029: 6025: 6021: 6020: 6016: 6011: 6009:Publications. 6007: 6005:Publications. 6003: 6000: 5997: 5994: 5991: 5988: 5985: 5982: 5979: 5978:0-465-07714-5 5975: 5971: 5968: 5965: 5962: 5960:Publications. 5958: 5954: 5953: 5949: 5941: 5939:9780739104552 5935: 5931: 5924: 5921: 5916: 5912: 5905: 5902: 5890: 5886: 5879: 5876: 5871: 5864: 5861: 5856: 5849: 5846: 5839: 5835: 5832:(3–4): 8–16. 5831: 5827: 5821: 5818: 5817: 5814: 5810: 5807:(3–4): 6–14. 5806: 5802: 5795: 5792: 5787: 5780: 5778: 5776: 5774: 5772: 5770: 5768: 5764: 5759: 5746: 5738: 5734: 5730: 5726: 5719: 5717: 5715: 5711: 5706: 5704:0-7619-4156-8 5700: 5696: 5689: 5687: 5683: 5678: 5674: 5668: 5665: 5660: 5656: 5649: 5646: 5641: 5637: 5633: 5631:9780813541686 5627: 5623: 5618: 5617: 5608: 5605: 5600: 5587: 5579: 5575: 5571: 5567: 5560: 5558: 5554: 5549: 5543: 5539: 5538: 5530: 5527: 5522: 5518: 5514: 5512:9780415808316 5508: 5504: 5497: 5494: 5489: 5485: 5481: 5479:9780073512297 5475: 5471: 5464: 5461: 5456: 5452: 5448: 5444: 5440: 5436: 5432: 5428: 5421: 5418: 5413: 5409: 5405: 5399: 5395: 5388: 5385: 5380: 5376: 5372: 5368: 5364: 5360: 5353: 5351: 5349: 5347: 5343: 5338: 5334: 5330: 5326: 5322: 5315: 5312: 5307: 5301: 5297: 5293: 5289: 5282: 5280: 5276: 5271: 5265: 5261: 5254: 5252: 5248: 5243: 5237: 5229: 5225: 5221: 5219:9780415964722 5215: 5211: 5204: 5201: 5196: 5192: 5188: 5186:9780415954112 5182: 5178: 5171: 5168: 5163: 5159: 5155: 5153:9780073512358 5149: 5145: 5138: 5135: 5123: 5116: 5109: 5106: 5101: 5097: 5093: 5091:9780230605794 5087: 5083: 5079: 5078: 5070: 5067: 5062: 5056: 5052: 5048: 5044: 5037: 5034: 5022: 5018: 5012: 5009: 4997: 4993: 4986: 4983: 4978: 4971: 4968: 4963: 4956: 4953: 4948: 4941: 4938: 4933: 4929: 4925: 4921: 4916: 4911: 4907: 4903: 4899: 4892: 4890: 4888: 4886: 4884: 4882: 4880: 4876: 4863: 4859: 4855: 4848: 4845: 4840: 4834: 4831: 4818: 4814: 4808: 4805: 4793: 4789: 4783: 4780: 4768: 4764: 4758: 4755: 4743: 4739: 4733: 4730: 4718: 4712: 4709: 4697: 4693: 4687: 4684: 4672: 4666: 4663: 4658: 4652: 4648: 4641: 4638: 4626: 4622: 4618: 4614: 4610: 4606: 4602: 4598: 4594: 4586: 4583: 4570: 4566: 4562: 4561: 4556: 4550: 4547: 4535: 4531: 4527: 4523: 4519: 4515: 4510: 4505: 4501: 4497: 4493: 4486: 4483: 4475: 4467: 4463: 4462: 4454: 4451: 4435: 4431: 4423: 4416: 4413: 4400: 4396: 4395: 4390: 4383: 4380: 4367: 4363: 4362: 4357: 4351: 4348: 4343: 4337: 4333: 4329: 4325: 4318: 4316: 4312: 4299: 4295: 4291: 4287: 4280: 4277: 4265: 4261: 4257: 4253: 4249: 4245: 4241: 4240: 4235: 4228: 4225: 4212: 4208: 4204: 4198: 4195: 4182: 4178: 4177: 4172: 4165: 4162: 4149: 4145: 4141: 4137: 4133: 4129: 4125: 4120: 4115: 4110: 4105: 4101: 4097: 4096:Universidades 4093: 4086: 4084: 4082: 4080: 4076: 4063: 4059: 4055: 4051: 4045: 4043: 4039: 4034: 4028: 4024: 4016: 4012: 4011: 4002: 4000: 3998: 3994: 3982: 3978: 3971: 3968: 3963: 3959: 3955: 3953:9780230605794 3949: 3945: 3941: 3940: 3932: 3929: 3916: 3915: 3910: 3903: 3900: 3895: 3888: 3882: 3879: 3867: 3863: 3857: 3854: 3841: 3835: 3832: 3827: 3821: 3817: 3810: 3807: 3802: 3796: 3792: 3788: 3784: 3777: 3774: 3769: 3765: 3761: 3757: 3750: 3747: 3741: 3738: 3726: 3722: 3716: 3713: 3700: 3696: 3690: 3687: 3682: 3678: 3674: 3670: 3666: 3662: 3661: 3656: 3649: 3646: 3634: 3628: 3624: 3623: 3615: 3612: 3607: 3601: 3597: 3593: 3589: 3582: 3579: 3567: 3563: 3559: 3555: 3551: 3547: 3543: 3539: 3538: 3533: 3526: 3523: 3518: 3512: 3508: 3501: 3500: 3492: 3489: 3484: 3478: 3474: 3470: 3466: 3460: 3457: 3452: 3446: 3442: 3438: 3434: 3430: 3426: 3419: 3417: 3415: 3413: 3411: 3409: 3407: 3403: 3398: 3392: 3388: 3381: 3378: 3373: 3369: 3365: 3363:9780822329862 3359: 3354: 3353: 3344: 3341: 3336: 3332: 3328: 3326:9781412994972 3322: 3318: 3311: 3309: 3305: 3300: 3296: 3292: 3286: 3282: 3276: 3273: 3268: 3264: 3260: 3254: 3250: 3243: 3240: 3234: 3230: 3227: 3225: 3222: 3220: 3219:Women artists 3217: 3215: 3212: 3210: 3209: 3205: 3203: 3200: 3198: 3195: 3193: 3192:Men's studies 3190: 3188: 3185: 3183: 3180: 3178: 3175: 3173: 3170: 3168: 3165: 3163: 3160: 3158: 3157: 3153: 3151: 3150: 3146: 3144: 3143: 3139: 3137: 3134: 3133: 3129: 3127: 3125: 3117: 3115: 3113: 3109: 3108:Adrienne Rich 3105: 3101: 3097: 3093: 3089: 3085: 3080: 3078: 3074: 3070: 3064: 3062: 3057: 3053: 3048: 3040: 3038: 3031: 3029: 3022: 3020: 3017: 3009: 3007: 3004: 2997: 2995: 2993: 2986: 2984: 2981: 2978:'s theory of 2977: 2974:of feminism, 2973: 2969: 2962: 2956: 2952: 2950: 2945: 2941: 2940: 2935: 2934: 2929: 2928: 2923: 2919: 2915: 2911: 2906: 2899: 2897: 2895: 2891: 2887: 2883: 2879: 2874: 2871: 2866: 2860: 2855: 2848: 2846: 2844: 2839: 2837: 2833: 2827: 2823: 2821: 2815: 2813: 2809: 2801: 2799: 2797: 2789: 2784: 2782: 2779: 2775: 2767: 2765: 2762: 2757: 2753: 2748: 2746: 2742: 2738: 2734: 2730: 2726: 2720: 2715: 2711: 2707: 2701: 2696: 2692: 2691: 2686: 2682: 2678: 2668: 2667:Edy Irigoitia 2664: 2663:Marilyn Godoy 2660: 2656: 2652: 2647: 2642: 2637: 2629: 2624: 2620: 2616: 2611: 2609: 2605: 2601: 2597: 2591: 2586: 2582: 2578: 2574: 2570: 2566: 2562: 2558: 2554: 2550: 2546: 2540: 2538: 2534: 2530: 2529:Araceli Mingo 2524: 2519: 2515: 2511: 2506: 2502: 2501:Elena Urrutia 2498: 2494: 2490: 2485: 2476: 2473: 2470: 2467: 2464: 2463: 2462: 2458: 2456: 2452: 2448: 2443: 2439: 2433: 2431: 2427: 2426: 2420: 2418: 2414: 2410: 2406: 2398: 2396: 2394: 2390: 2386: 2382: 2378: 2374: 2370: 2366: 2363:(Kenya), and 2362: 2358: 2354: 2350: 2346: 2342: 2338: 2334: 2330: 2326: 2322: 2318: 2314: 2310: 2306: 2302: 2298: 2294: 2290: 2286: 2282: 2278: 2274: 2270: 2266: 2262: 2259: 2251: 2246: 2244: 2241: 2239: 2235: 2231: 2227: 2222: 2220: 2216: 2212: 2208: 2204: 2200: 2196: 2192: 2188: 2184: 2180: 2176: 2172: 2168: 2164: 2160: 2156: 2152: 2148: 2143: 2141: 2137: 2133: 2129: 2125: 2121: 2117: 2113: 2102: 2097: 2095: 2090: 2088: 2083: 2082: 2080: 2079: 2076: 2066: 2065: 2054: 2051: 2049: 2046: 2045: 2044: 2043: 2038: 2033: 2030: 2028: 2025: 2023: 2020: 2018: 2015: 2013: 2010: 2008: 2005: 2003: 2000: 1998: 1995: 1993: 1990: 1988: 1985: 1983: 1980: 1978: 1975: 1973: 1970: 1968: 1965: 1964: 1960: 1957: 1953: 1950: 1948: 1945: 1944: 1943: 1940: 1936: 1933: 1932: 1931: 1928: 1926: 1923: 1922: 1920: 1919: 1914: 1906: 1905: 1895: 1892: 1891: 1890: 1889:United States 1887: 1885: 1882: 1880: 1877: 1875: 1872: 1870: 1867: 1865: 1862: 1860: 1857: 1855: 1852: 1850: 1847: 1845: 1842: 1840: 1837: 1835: 1832: 1830: 1827: 1825: 1822: 1820: 1817: 1815: 1812: 1810: 1807: 1805: 1802: 1800: 1797: 1795: 1792: 1790: 1787: 1785: 1782: 1778: 1775: 1773: 1770: 1768: 1765: 1763: 1760: 1758: 1755: 1753: 1750: 1748: 1745: 1743: 1740: 1739: 1738: 1737:Latin America 1735: 1733: 1730: 1728: 1725: 1723: 1720: 1718: 1715: 1713: 1710: 1708: 1705: 1703: 1700: 1698: 1695: 1693: 1690: 1688: 1685: 1683: 1680: 1678: 1675: 1673: 1670: 1668: 1665: 1663: 1660: 1658: 1655: 1653: 1650: 1648: 1645: 1643: 1640: 1636: 1633: 1631: 1628: 1626: 1623: 1621: 1618: 1616: 1613: 1611: 1608: 1606: 1603: 1601: 1598: 1597: 1596: 1593: 1592: 1585: 1584: 1570: 1567: 1566: 1565: 1562: 1560: 1559:Technoscience 1557: 1555: 1552: 1550: 1547: 1545: 1542: 1540: 1537: 1533: 1530: 1529: 1528: 1525: 1523: 1520: 1518: 1515: 1513: 1510: 1506: 1503: 1501: 1498: 1496: 1493: 1489: 1486: 1485: 1484: 1481: 1479: 1476: 1474: 1471: 1469: 1466: 1465: 1464: 1461: 1459: 1456: 1454: 1451: 1447: 1444: 1443: 1442: 1439: 1437: 1434: 1432: 1429: 1427: 1424: 1420: 1417: 1416: 1415: 1412: 1410: 1407: 1405: 1402: 1398: 1395: 1393: 1390: 1388: 1385: 1383: 1382:Art criticism 1380: 1379: 1378: 1375: 1373: 1370: 1368: 1365: 1363: 1360: 1359: 1357: 1356: 1351: 1345: 1344: 1340: 1338: 1335: 1333: 1332:Men's studies 1330: 1328: 1325: 1323: 1320: 1318: 1315: 1313: 1310: 1308: 1305: 1303: 1300: 1298: 1295: 1293: 1290: 1289: 1287: 1286: 1281: 1276: 1275: 1263: 1260: 1258: 1255: 1253: 1250: 1248: 1245: 1243: 1240: 1238: 1235: 1233: 1232:Views on BDSM 1230: 1228: 1225: 1223: 1220: 1219: 1217: 1216: 1208: 1207: 1199: 1196: 1194: 1191: 1189: 1184: 1182: 1179: 1177: 1174: 1172: 1169: 1167: 1164: 1162: 1159: 1157: 1156:Transmisogyny 1154: 1152: 1149: 1147: 1144: 1142: 1139: 1137: 1134: 1132: 1129: 1127: 1124: 1122: 1119: 1117: 1116:Purplewashing 1114: 1112: 1111:Protofeminism 1109: 1107: 1104: 1102: 1099: 1097: 1094: 1092: 1089: 1087: 1084: 1082: 1079: 1077: 1074: 1072: 1069: 1067: 1064: 1062: 1059: 1057: 1054: 1052: 1049: 1047: 1043: 1039: 1037: 1034: 1032: 1029: 1027: 1026:Honor killing 1024: 1022: 1019: 1017: 1014: 1012: 1009: 1007: 1004: 1002: 999: 995: 992: 990: 987: 985: 982: 981: 980: 977: 975: 972: 970: 967: 965: 962: 960: 957: 955: 952: 950: 947: 945: 942: 940: 937: 935: 932: 930: 927: 923: 920: 919: 918: 915: 913: 910: 909: 902: 901: 893: 890: 888: 885: 881: 878: 876: 873: 871: 868: 867: 866: 863: 859: 856: 855: 854: 851: 849: 846: 840: 837: 836: 835: 832: 830: 827: 825: 822: 821: 820: 817: 811: 808: 807: 806: 803: 802: 801: 800:Individualist 798: 796: 793: 791: 788: 784: 781: 779: 776: 775: 774: 773:Cyberfeminism 771: 769: 766: 764: 761: 759: 756: 755: 751: 746: 745: 737: 734: 730: 727: 726: 725: 722: 720: 717: 715: 712: 708: 705: 703: 700: 698: 695: 694: 693: 690: 686: 683: 681: 678: 676: 673: 671: 668: 667: 666: 663: 661: 658: 656: 653: 652: 648: 643: 642: 634: 631: 629: 626: 624: 613: 609: 606: 604: 601: 599: 596: 595: 594: 591: 589: 586: 582: 579: 578: 577: 574: 572: 569: 567: 564: 562: 559: 557: 556:Anti-abortion 554: 553: 546: 545: 533: 530: 528: 525: 523: 520: 516: 513: 512: 511: 508: 504: 501: 500: 499: 496: 492: 489: 487: 484: 482: 479: 478: 477: 474: 472: 469: 468: 466: 465: 462: 461:Multicultural 458: 452: 449: 445: 444:Transnational 442: 440: 437: 436: 435: 432: 428: 425: 424: 423: 420: 416: 413: 411: 408: 407: 406: 403: 401: 398: 394: 391: 390: 389: 386: 385: 383: 382: 379: 375: 369: 366: 362: 361:Postgenderism 359: 358: 357: 356:Transfeminism 354: 352: 349: 345: 342: 340: 337: 335: 332: 331: 330: 327: 325: 322: 321: 319: 318: 313: 308: 307: 293: 290: 289: 288: 287:United States 285: 281: 278: 276: 273: 272: 271: 268: 266: 263: 259: 256: 254: 251: 250: 248: 246: 243: 241: 240:Liechtenstein 238: 236: 233: 231: 228: 226: 223: 221: 218: 216: 213: 211: 208: 206: 203: 202: 200: 199: 195: 191: 186: 183: 182: 176: 173: 171: 168: 167: 166: 163: 162: 160: 159: 154: 148: 145: 143: 140: 138: 135: 133: 130: 129: 127: 126: 121: 113: 110: 108: 105: 103: 100: 98: 95: 94: 93: 90: 88: 85: 83: 80: 79: 77: 76: 68: 67: 63: 59: 58: 55: 51: 47: 43: 42: 39: 35: 34: 19: 7347:Val Plumwood 7297:Nancy Fraser 7220: 7091:Epistemology 7066:Legal theory 6989:Architecture 6979:Anthropology 6899:Mother Jones 6898: 6892: 6852: 6827: 6801: 6774: 6752: 6745: 6719: 6691: 6662: 6634: 6619: 6612: 6609:Narayan, Uma 6588: 6561: 6532: 6503: 6494: 6468: 6440: 6412: 6381: 6353: 6331: 6310: 6296: 6270: 6248: 6229: 6223: 6200: 6185: 6170: 6144: 6106: 6076: 6046: 6023: 5929: 5923: 5914: 5910: 5904: 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