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Feminism in Indonesia

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2156: 51: 2435:(the Women's Movement against Violence alliance). The march was held at the same time of year as the first event and held in conjunction with International Women's Day. Protestors took to the streets to demand that the government put a stop to systematic violence against women and pass the sexual assault eradication bill. The demands of the coalition included the establishment of a system of laws that protect women and the abolishment of discriminatory regulations. 2395:, for an end to gender-based violence among other issues of equality. With the rise of conservative Islamic groups, many critics argue that Feminism is incompatible with Islam and thus incompatible with Indonesia. These critics assert that Feminism a proponent of western ideology and an adoption of Western cultures. Young activists and feminists break away from these stereotypes and assert that Feminism is congruent with Indonesian society. 19: 4730: 4740: 2059: 2363:, and other areas. Activities in Fujinkai, as directed by the Japanese government include lessons to adopt a frugal lifestyle, assistance for the military government through domestic work, lectures and workshops on healthy lifestyles, and awareness for a women's role in times of war. A majority of women rejected the organization but were compelled to participate. 2502:), among other several women's rights groups, pushed for this bill citing the urgency to protect women and children from sexual assaults and to provide a legal basis for victims of sexual violence. On the other hand, several conservative Islam-based political parties believe that the bill is pro-adultery and supports the existence of 2179:
women. With the help of the Dutch government, Kartini opened up the first Indonesian primary school for girls that allowed all Indonesian girls to attend regardless of social status. After her death in 1904, her letters were published and became symbol for the women's rights movement in Indonesia and furthered the cause of
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page has a clear message stating "My body is not mine; Indonesia doesn't need feminism." As part of their anti-Feminist rhetoric, their photos are filled with women holding signs that say #UninstallFeminism, #IndonesiaTanpaFeminis, or "Indonesia doesn't need feminism!" The Instagram account, that has
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in 2017, 14% of married women who were already wedded by 18 years old and 1% of women who are married wedded before the age of 15. The 1974 Marriage Law sets the legal age of marriage in Indonesia without parental consent at 21 years old however, girls as young as 16 can marry with parental consent.
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Later that year, from December 22 to 25 1928, Indonesian women's organizations conducted the first Women Congress. The event was attended by 1000 participants and 30 women's organizations in which the congress identified three challenges women faced include: marriage relations, polygamy, and lack of
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tradition dictated that Kartini live a life in gender segregation as a young female noble. During this time, Kartini wrote letters to her Dutch schoolmates, exposing the gender inequality emboldened by Javanese traditions which included forced marriages at a young age and the denial of education for
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is a large issue women are fighting against. In 2019, the National Commission on Violence against Women (Komnas Perem) reported a total of 406,178 cases of violence against women and a 14 percent increase from the previous year. The report details that marital violence (between a husband and wife)
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identifying individuals. Although it has been introduced in 2016, the Indonesian House of Representatives have stalled the bill since. In July 2020, the House of Representatives officially dropped the bill as a Legislative priority citing the difficulty in its deliberation effectively stalling the
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Beginning in the early 20th century, Indonesian women became more active in the political sphere namely in relation to independence and nationalist movements. One of the most prominent national organizations and first Indonesian nationalist women organizations was Putri Mardika (Independent Women)
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Since the 2004 election, the General Elections Law requires political parties to nominate at least 30 percent women for their candidates for the House of Representatives and local legislative councils. During the 2019 Indonesia's general election, women candidates secured 20.7% of the 575 seat
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national legislature and 30& of the 136 seat Regional Representative Assembly. Nevertheless, women in Indonesia make up almost half of the nation's population of 267,026,366 people and are still the minority in government. To combat the lack of representation and empower women, the UNDP (
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in which organizers of the event delivered eight demands to the government which included: tolerance, diversity and health rights for women, elimination violence against women, protecting the living environment and female workers, improving representation of women in the political scene, and
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meaning comfort women for Japanese military personnel and civil officers during Japanese colonialism. These women were forced into sexual slavery during this period of Japanese colonialism. According to the Ex-Heiho Forum, there were around 22,000 Jugun lanfu in Indonesia.
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and were spearheaded by the national heroine Kartini, a Javanese noblewoman who advocated for the education of all women and girls regardless of social status. In the early 19th century, women's rights organizations and movements were allowed to developed under
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was another leading women's right activist and pioneer for women's education in Indonesia. She began teaching in her mother's house in Banding teaching students how to knit, cook, sew, read, and write. In 1904, Sartika founded the first school for women in the
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are the highest percentage of cases of violence against women while courtship violence takes the second position. Nonetheless, a majority of sexual assault and sexual violence cases with over 90% of rape cases going unreported in Indonesia due fear of
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In colonial Indonesia, women's involvement in the political sphere stemmed from mixed gender activities. Women who were able to pursue an education in elementary in middle school and high school became involved in cub scout activities such as
2192: 2530:, the Indonesia Tanpa Feminis framed feminism as a Western idea that is incongruent with Islamic values. The statement "my body is not mine" is in reference to the group's belief that in Islam god has complete control of their body. 2378:
in 1945 and the nationalist proclaimed Indonesia to be independent. Fujinkai was dissolved after the defeat of the Japanese Empire and replaced with a nationalist women's organization called the Persatuan Wanita Indonesia.
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that lasted until 1942. Secular organization and Islamic associations split on their stances of polygamy with some wanting to ban it and the latter refusing to condemn it. The Women's Congress were held again in
2107:. The issues women in Indonesia currently are facing include gender violence, underage marriages, and lack of representation in the political system. Feminism and the women's right movement began during colonial 2152:, both of whom advocated for the education of girls and established schools in their community. These pioneers of the Indonesian women's movement advocated for women's rights and education for women and girls. 158: 2585:
Rates for child marriage decrease for girls living in houses with educated families. Studies show that, participating in education and continuing higher education decreased chance of child marriage.
3922:"National Commission on Violence against Women (Komnas Perempuan) National Human Rights Institution Independent Report on 25 Years of Implementing the Beijing Platform for Action in Indonesia" 2155: 4302: 2507:
bill for another year. The bill was eventually passed by the People's Representative Council on 12 April 2022 as the Law on Sexual Violence Crimes and signed by Joko Widodo on 9 May 2022.
2493: 241: 173: 2519:, called Indonesia Tanpa Feminis or Indonesia without Feminism, launched a social media campaign amid the debate over a proposed contentious sexual violence legislation. The groups 2481:, sexual slavery, and torture using sexual abuse. The bill also ensures victims of sexual abuse receive reparations including physical and psychological therapy or compensation. 2116:, the first Indonesian Nationalist organization. Modern day Indonesian feminism include and are influenced by both fundamentalist and progressive Islamic women's organizations. 3108: 2174:
or Raden Adjeng Kartini was born a Javanese noblewoman in which she was able to attend Dutch colonial school which opened her eyes to Western ideals. After reaching adulthood,
163: 3676: 2787: 280: 3531: 1588: 2252:(Sumpah Pemuda), which was declared in on October 28, 1928, women were involved in the creation of young nationalists thought and ideas of Indonesian independence. 3987: 3566: 2624:) created the Strengthening Women's Participation and Representation in Indonesia (SWARGA) Project. The project, which ran from 2011 to 2015 and was funded by the 1419: 2782: 2343:, meaning women's group, was established by the Japanese government as the only permissible women's organization. The Fujinkai spread to across Indonesia to 972: 2572:
As of September 2019, an amendment was made to the National Marriage Act (1974) to raise the age of marriage for girls with parental consent to 19 years old.
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in 1939, and Semarang in 1941. At the third Indonesian Women's Congress in 1939, December 22 was declared as the day of United Women's Movement in Indonesia.
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as the act of forcible penile penetration of a vagina. The law, as it stands, does not recognize other forms of sexual violence including sexual harassment.
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In households with a tradition of underage marriages, women who are unmarried at the age of 18 or older are deemed to be dishonorable and unattractive.
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served as the president of Indonesia from 2001 to 2004 as the first female president of Indonesia and fifth person to hold the post.
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In Indonesia, one of nine married women were married when they were children making it the country with eighth highest number of
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Although only gaining independence in 1945, Indonesia is among the countries which has had a female serve as their president.
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from March 1942 to the end of the war in 1945. The colonial government terminated and banned all women's organizations.
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Girls from households with lower expenditures are more than twice as likely to be married than girls with high levels.
1970: 1960: 1930: 1812: 1797: 1787: 1375: 1240: 1235: 932: 510: 100: 3236: 3160: 2777: 2212: 1913: 1500: 95: 4700: 3206:"Daftar Nama Pahlawan Nasional Republik Indonesia (Lists of Names of National Heroes of the Republic of Indonesia" 2772: 2742: 2073: 1725: 1505: 947: 756: 4669: 4579: 4386: 4362: 2450: 2000: 1995: 1990: 1947: 1827: 1623: 1385: 1039: 841: 717: 690: 603: 503: 4614: 4534: 2718: 4499: 4394: 4131: 4624: 4599: 4514: 4504: 4494: 4444: 4404: 3281: 2698: 2420: 2216: 1832: 1792: 1483: 1476: 1434: 1331: 673: 4589: 4584: 4654: 4539: 4429: 4414: 2859: 2708: 2543: 1980: 1640: 1547: 1370: 1220: 1210: 1186: 1164: 1154: 1129: 1119: 788: 544: 432: 356: 4544: 4409: 4399: 2431:
In 2020, the coalition sponsoring the Women's March expanded to over 60 civil rights organizations under
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refers to the long history of discourse for gender equality to bring about positive social change in
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in Indonesia are driven by a number of factors including gender inequality. Other factors include:
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Kami poetra dan poetri Indonesia, mengakoe bertoempah darah jang satoe, tanah air Indonesia.
4474: 4469: 4378: 4247: 4237: 3490: 3388: 3340: 3109:"Quarantined Indonesians take to social media, television airwaves to celebrate Kartini Day" 3009: 2968: 2713: 2526: 2412: 2175: 2120: 1867: 1862: 1772: 1700: 1695: 1655: 1608: 1583: 1520: 1392: 1320: 1169: 1054: 942: 853: 807: 783: 707: 680: 643: 491: 486: 479: 474: 469: 449: 393: 376: 322: 317: 70: 4088: 50: 3973: 3677:"Hundreds rally in Jakarta to protest violence against women on International Women's Day" 3063: 2927: 2678: 2474: 2470: 2462: 2295:
We the sons and daughters of Indonesia, acknowledge one nation , the nation of Indonesia.
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The earliest records of women's rights advocacy took place in the 19th century colonial
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Kami poetra dan poetri Indonesia, mendjoendjoeng bahasa persatoean, bahasa Indonesia.
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bill was introduced in 2016 after the gang rape and murder of a 14-year-old girl in
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since been deleted, reached a follow account of over 4,000 followers. According to
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Kami poetra dan poetri Indonesia, mengakoe berbangsa jang satoe, bangsa Indonesia.
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For families in poverty, underage unions are seen as a way out for their families.
3567:"'My body is not mine': Indonesia Without Feminists group starts online campaign" 3035: 4743: 2997: 2648: 2564: 778: 695: 569: 415: 3988:"Indonesia ranked second-most dangerous place for women in Asia Pacific: Study" 3482: 3013: 2289:
We the sons and daughters of Indonesia, acknowledge one motherland, Indonesia.
3494: 3455:"How Tattoos Saved These Indonesian Women from Sexual Slavery in World War II" 3307:"How Tattoos Saved These Indonesian Women from Sexual Slavery in World War II" 2895: 2352: 2240:, the first nationalist movement. In 1920, Indonesia saw the establishment of 2237: 2113: 1325: 1310: 1009: 4261: 4176: 3352: 3146: 3021: 2628:
and UNDP, aimed to strengthen the skills and knowledge of women in politics.
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We the sons and daughters of Indonesia, respect the language of unity,
2208: 2171: 2145: 751: 23: 3181:"Biografi Raden Dewi Sartika, Tokoh Pejuang Pendidikan bagi Perempuan" 3083:"Biografi Raden Dewi Sartika, Tokoh Pejuang Pendidikan bagi Perempuan" 2428:. The 2017 Women's March was sponsored by 33 different organizations. 2387:
Modern day feminism in Indonesia is characterized by the movement for
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to citizens posthumously for heroic acts and extraordinary service.
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1979 Indonesian stamp, commemorating the centenary of the birth of
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Dec 8, 2009, Archived. Youth Pledge Museum website (Indonesian)
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100 great women : suara perempuan yang menginspirasi dunia
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Women's March was held on March 4, 2017 in commemoration of
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Women's rights activism and movements in colonial Indonesia
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including: verbal sexual harassment, sexual exploitation,
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access to education. The congress led to a formation of
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eliminating discrimination and violence against the
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Archived from 4363: 2783:List of female cabinet ministers of Indonesia 2494:National Commission on Violence against Women 2439:RUU PKS (The Sexual Assault Eradication Bill) 2236:established in 1912 and closely aligned with 2081: 8: 4132:"Indonesia: Why Underage Girls are Marrying" 3836:Permana, Rakhmad Hidayatulloh (2022-04-12). 2389:equal representation in the political sphere 2366:Indonesian women were also forced to become 2998:"Islamic Influences on Indonesian Feminism" 2337:Japanese Empire occupied Colonial Indonesia 4370: 4356: 4348: 3070:. A&E Television Networks. 2014-04-01. 2852:"A Hundred Years of Feminism in Indonesia" 2088: 2074: 1901: 1273: 1203: 973:African-American women's suffrage movement 305: 63: 29: 4251: 4241: 2972: 2961:International Journal of Humanity Studies 2215:, the highest level title awarded by the 3333:"Two Stories of the Japanese Occupation" 3179:Times, I. D. N.; Harianja, Axel Joshua. 3081:Times, I. D. N.; Harianja, Axel Joshua. 918:Discrimination against transgender women 17: 3331:Indrus; Nababan, S. U. (October 1966). 3107:Oktavianti, Tri Indah (20 April 2020). 2814: 2028: 1904: 1341: 448: 365: 181: 144: 111: 41: 4297: 4295: 4224:Perdana, Aditya; Hillman, Ben (2020). 3969: 3959: 3888: 3886: 3884: 3783: 3781: 3756: 3754: 3729: 3727: 3725: 3723: 3698: 3696: 3671: 3669: 3644: 3642: 3640: 3591: 3589: 3587: 3561: 3559: 3557: 3555: 3553: 3551: 3477: 3475: 3449: 3447: 3421: 3419: 3417: 3374: 3372: 3370: 3276: 3274: 3272: 3232: 3230: 3174: 3172: 3170: 3152: 2608:Representation in the political system 4230:Asia & the Pacific Policy Studies 4147: 4145: 4125: 4123: 4038: 4036: 4034: 4009: 4007: 3916: 3914: 2955:Printina, Sanata (23 February 2019). 2846: 2844: 2842: 2840: 2838: 2419:. The march was held in front of the 2211:. Sartika was honoured in 1966 as a 7: 3895:"Does Indonesia Need More Feminism?" 3862:Nugraheny, Dian Erika (2022-05-11). 3058: 3056: 3054: 3052: 2950: 2948: 2922: 2920: 2918: 2916: 2914: 2912: 2882: 2880: 2878: 2876: 2836: 2834: 2832: 2830: 2828: 2826: 2824: 2822: 2820: 2818: 2622:United Nations Development Programme 3483:"Chapter 6: Consequences for Women" 3210:Awards of the Republic of Indonesia 14: 4177:"Indonesia - Japanese occupation" 4130:Shield, Charli (5 January 2018). 4069:LII / Legal Information Institute 3893:Carlos, Marius Jr. (2019-05-04). 3393:10.1163/ej.9789004168664.i-684.80 2559:Child brides and forced marriages 2232:, Jong Sumatera, and Jong Ambon. 4738: 4729: 4728: 4065:"Law No. 1 of 1974 Marriage Law" 3487:Two Steps Forward, One Step Back 3064:"Raden Adjeng Kartini Biography" 2996:Robinson, Kathryn (2006-01-01). 2162:in Jakarta in early 20th century 2123:measurement of countries by the 2057: 1589:Democratic Republic of the Congo 928:Diversity, equity, and inclusion 49: 3036:"Global Gender Gap Report 2020" 2632:Key activists and organizations 4696:British Indian Ocean Territory 2803:Virginity testing in Indonesia 2793:Human trafficking in Indonesia 2021:Women's suffrage organizations 1: 3942:Foundation, Thomson Reuters. 2798:Women's football in Indonesia 2461:would identify nine types of 2445:Law on Sexual Violence Crimes 2312:a national women's federation 2894:. 2018-04-10. Archived from 2763:Sex trafficking in Indonesia 2207:named the Sekolah Isteri in 2006:Suffragists and suffragettes 1936:American feminist literature 3431:Desmond Tutu Foundation USA 3387:, BRILL, pp. 626–628, 2467:forced use of contraception 1246:Views on transgender topics 1236:Views on sexual orientation 4791: 3381:"10a. Indonesian Glossary" 3014:10.3167/015597706780886012 2778:Homosexuality in Indonesia 2442: 2213:National Hero of Indonesia 2109:Indonesia under Dutch rule 4724: 3495:10.1515/9781618110770-007 3068:The Biography.com website 2773:Prostitution in Indonesia 2743:Human rights in Indonesia 2409:International Women's Day 2391:, for the abolishment of 2037:Women's rights by country 948:Female genital mutilation 4445:East Timor (Timor-Leste) 2451:Indonesian Criminal Code 2042:Feminists by nationality 2016:Women's studies journals 2011:Women's rights activists 739:Movements and ideologies 4706:Cocos (Keeling) Islands 4181:Encyclopedia Britannica 4157:Encyclopedia Britannica 3379:Post, P. (2010-01-01), 2974:10.24071/ijhs.v2i2.1699 2699:Gerakan Wanita Sosialis 2515:In 2019, an Indonesian 2217:Government of Indonesia 2144:with the leadership of 1430:International relations 301:Intersectional variants 3766:www.thejakartapost.com 3159:: CS1 maint: others ( 2544:Violence against women 2511:Anti-feminist movement 2498: 2374:Japan was defeated in 2307: 2280: 2244:, the women's wing of 2196: 2163: 2119:According to the 2020 1956:Conservative feminisms 1211:Bicycling and feminism 1187:Women in the workforce 1155:Violence against women 1130:Sexual objectification 1090:Opposition to feminism 357:Vegetarian ecofeminism 27: 4765:Feminism in Indonesia 2719:Working Women's Front 2614:Megawati Sukarnoputri 2399:Jakarta Women's March 2398: 2383:21st century feminism 2284: 2261: 2250:Youth Congress Pledge 2194: 2158: 2101:Feminism in Indonesia 1986:Feminist rhetoricians 1976:Feminist philosophers 1528:Revisionist mythology 1231:Views on prostitution 1216:Criticism of marriage 911:Children's literature 21: 4620:United Arab Emirates 3043:World Economic Forum 2659:Kamala Chandrakirana 2327:Japanese colonialism 2181:women's emancipation 2167:Raden Adjeng Kartini 2125:World Economic Forum 1966:Feminist art critics 1941:Feminist comic books 1898:Lists and categories 1577:By continent/country 1408:Pathways perspective 1291:Gender mainstreaming 1226:Views on pornography 1135:Substantive equality 1115:Reproductive justice 1065:Matriarchal religion 923:Diversity (politics) 864:Political lesbianism 174:Other women's rights 4770:Feminism by country 4647:limited recognition 2709:Murba Women's Union 2674:Maria Ulfah Santoso 2583:Level of education: 2517:anti-feminist group 2479:forced prostitution 2411:on March 8 and the 2259:, the pledge reads: 2064:Feminism portal 1971:Feminist economists 1961:Ecofeminist authors 1766:Trinidad and Tobago 1706:Republic of Ireland 1398:Composition studies 1165:Women's empowerment 1120:Sex workers' rights 1045:Feminist capitalism 1025:Internalized sexism 963:Feminism in culture 76:History of feminism 4775:Women in Indonesia 3972:has generic name ( 2758:Women in Indonesia 2197: 2164: 1376:Literary criticism 1241:Views on sexuality 933:Effects on society 901:Complementarianism 881:Women's liberation 636:Religious variants 610:trans-exclusionary 328:Radical lesbianism 28: 4752: 4751: 4689:other territories 4379:Feminism in Asia 4341:. UNDP Indonesia. 3739:FreedomUnited.org 3504:978-1-61811-077-0 3461:. 10 January 2019 3402:978-90-04-19017-7 3313:. 10 January 2019 3264:"SOEMPAH PEMOEDA" 3252:978-602-282-960-7 3242:(in Indonesian). 3138:978-602-8620-28-4 2932:www.biography.com 2748:Feminism in Islam 2664:Nyai Ahmad Dahlan 2626:Norwegian Embassy 2205:Dutch East Indies 2142:Dutch East Indies 2098: 2097: 2049: 2048: 1568: 1567: 1558:womanist theology 1501:Political ecology 1332:Écriture féminine 1259: 1258: 1150:Triple oppression 1140:Toxic masculinity 1125:Sexual harassment 990:Feminist stripper 968:Feminist movement 529: 528: 460:Africana womanism 291: 290: 4782: 4742: 4732: 4731: 4701:Christmas Island 4387:Sovereign states 4372: 4365: 4358: 4349: 4343: 4342: 4336: 4328: 4322: 4321: 4319: 4318: 4309:. Archived from 4299: 4290: 4289: 4287: 4286: 4272: 4266: 4265: 4255: 4245: 4243:10.1002/app5.299 4221: 4215: 4214: 4212: 4211: 4205:The Jakarta Post 4197: 4191: 4190: 4188: 4187: 4173: 4167: 4166: 4164: 4163: 4149: 4140: 4139: 4127: 4118: 4117: 4114:Girls Not Brides 4111: 4103: 4097: 4096: 4093:Girls not Brides 4085: 4079: 4078: 4076: 4075: 4061: 4055: 4054: 4048: 4040: 4029: 4028: 4026: 4025: 4011: 4002: 4001: 3999: 3998: 3992:The Jakarta Post 3984: 3978: 3977: 3971: 3967: 3965: 3957: 3955: 3954: 3939: 3933: 3932: 3929:Komnas Perempuan 3926: 3918: 3909: 3908: 3906: 3905: 3890: 3879: 3878: 3876: 3875: 3859: 3853: 3852: 3850: 3849: 3833: 3827: 3826: 3824: 3823: 3817:The Jakarta Post 3809: 3803: 3802: 3800: 3799: 3793:The Jakarta Post 3785: 3776: 3775: 3773: 3772: 3758: 3749: 3748: 3746: 3745: 3731: 3718: 3717: 3715: 3714: 3708:The Jakarta Post 3700: 3691: 3690: 3688: 3687: 3681:The Jakarta Post 3673: 3664: 3663: 3661: 3660: 3654:The Jakarta Post 3646: 3635: 3634: 3632: 3631: 3625:The Jakarta Post 3617: 3611: 3610: 3608: 3607: 3601:The Jakarta Post 3593: 3582: 3581: 3579: 3578: 3571:The Jakarta Post 3563: 3546: 3545: 3543: 3542: 3536:The Jakarta Post 3528: 3522: 3521: 3520: 3519: 3479: 3470: 3469: 3467: 3466: 3451: 3442: 3441: 3439: 3438: 3423: 3412: 3411: 3410: 3409: 3376: 3365: 3364: 3328: 3322: 3321: 3319: 3318: 3303: 3297: 3296: 3294: 3293: 3278: 3267: 3261: 3255: 3234: 3225: 3224: 3222: 3221: 3202: 3196: 3195: 3193: 3192: 3176: 3165: 3164: 3158: 3150: 3123: 3117: 3116: 3113:The Jakarta Post 3104: 3098: 3097: 3095: 3094: 3078: 3072: 3071: 3060: 3047: 3046: 3040: 3032: 3026: 3025: 2993: 2987: 2986: 2976: 2952: 2943: 2942: 2940: 2939: 2924: 2907: 2906: 2904: 2903: 2884: 2871: 2870: 2868: 2867: 2858:. Archived from 2856:www.fes-asia.org 2848: 2714:Wanita Indonesia 2527:The Jakarta Post 2501: 2499:Komnas Perempuan 2415:movement in the 2121:Gender Gap Index 2090: 2083: 2076: 2062: 2061: 2060: 2001:Feminist parties 1996:Muslim feminists 1991:Jewish feminists 1902: 1883:History of women 1506:Political theory 1274: 1204: 1177: 1170:Women-only space 1055:Likeability trap 943:Female education 757:Anti-pornography 612: 611: 607: 323:Lesbian of color 306: 183:Women's suffrage 159:Muslim countries 154:Women's suffrage 71:Feminist history 64: 53: 30: 4790: 4789: 4785: 4784: 4783: 4781: 4780: 4779: 4755: 4754: 4753: 4748: 4720: 4688: 4679: 4660:Northern Cyprus 4646: 4639: 4381: 4376: 4346: 4334: 4330: 4329: 4325: 4316: 4314: 4301: 4300: 4293: 4284: 4282: 4274: 4273: 4269: 4223: 4222: 4218: 4209: 4207: 4199: 4198: 4194: 4185: 4183: 4175: 4174: 4170: 4161: 4159: 4151: 4150: 4143: 4129: 4128: 4121: 4109: 4105: 4104: 4100: 4087: 4086: 4082: 4073: 4071: 4063: 4062: 4058: 4046: 4042: 4041: 4032: 4023: 4021: 4013: 4012: 4005: 3996: 3994: 3986: 3985: 3981: 3968: 3958: 3952: 3950: 3941: 3940: 3936: 3924: 3920: 3919: 3912: 3903: 3901: 3892: 3891: 3882: 3873: 3871: 3870:(in Indonesian) 3861: 3860: 3856: 3847: 3845: 3844:(in Indonesian) 3835: 3834: 3830: 3821: 3819: 3811: 3810: 3806: 3797: 3795: 3787: 3786: 3779: 3770: 3768: 3760: 3759: 3752: 3743: 3741: 3733: 3732: 3721: 3712: 3710: 3702: 3701: 3694: 3685: 3683: 3675: 3674: 3667: 3658: 3656: 3648: 3647: 3638: 3629: 3627: 3619: 3618: 3614: 3605: 3603: 3595: 3594: 3585: 3576: 3574: 3573:. 30 March 2019 3565: 3564: 3549: 3540: 3538: 3530: 3529: 3525: 3517: 3515: 3505: 3481: 3480: 3473: 3464: 3462: 3453: 3452: 3445: 3436: 3434: 3425: 3424: 3415: 3407: 3405: 3403: 3378: 3377: 3368: 3345:10.2307/3350757 3330: 3329: 3325: 3316: 3314: 3305: 3304: 3300: 3291: 3289: 3288:. 30 March 2018 3286:www.ipsnews.net 3280: 3279: 3270: 3262: 3258: 3235: 3228: 3219: 3217: 3204: 3203: 3199: 3190: 3188: 3187:(in Indonesian) 3178: 3177: 3168: 3151: 3139: 3125: 3124: 3120: 3106: 3105: 3101: 3092: 3090: 3089:(in Indonesian) 3080: 3079: 3075: 3062: 3061: 3050: 3038: 3034: 3033: 3029: 3002:Social Analysis 2995: 2994: 2990: 2954: 2953: 2946: 2937: 2935: 2934:. 21 April 2020 2926: 2925: 2910: 2901: 2899: 2886: 2885: 2874: 2865: 2863: 2850: 2849: 2816: 2812: 2807: 2738: 2733: 2689:Gerak Perempuan 2679:Ratna Sarumpaet 2634: 2610: 2567:. According to 2561: 2541: 2539:Gender violence 2536: 2513: 2475:forced abortion 2471:forced marriage 2463:sexual violence 2447: 2441: 2433:Gerak Perempuan 2401: 2393:child marriages 2385: 2329: 2225: 2189: 2169: 2138: 2136:Early feminists 2133: 2094: 2058: 2056: 2051: 2050: 1952: 1899: 1891: 1890: 1889: 1798:Northern Cyprus 1578: 1570: 1569: 1564: 1386:Science fiction 1337: 1316:Women's studies 1281:Feminist method 1271: 1261: 1260: 1255: 1201: 1193: 1192: 1191: 1175: 1085:Oedipus complex 1075:Men in feminism 1040:Language reform 1020:Ideal womanhood 1000:Gender equality 995:Formal equality 958:Feminationalism 895: 887: 886: 885: 842:Post-structural 741: 731: 730: 729: 638: 628: 627: 626: 609: 606:Gender-critical 605: 604: 555:Femonationalism 539: 531: 530: 525: 504:Native American 444: 399:Critical theory 361: 303: 293: 292: 287: 242:Second Republic 170: 140: 107: 81:Women's history 61: 12: 11: 5: 4788: 4786: 4778: 4777: 4772: 4767: 4757: 4756: 4750: 4749: 4747: 4746: 4736: 4725: 4722: 4721: 4719: 4718: 4713: 4708: 4703: 4698: 4692: 4690: 4681: 4680: 4678: 4677: 4672: 4667: 4662: 4657: 4651: 4649: 4641: 4640: 4638: 4637: 4632: 4627: 4622: 4617: 4612: 4607: 4602: 4597: 4592: 4587: 4582: 4577: 4572: 4567: 4562: 4557: 4552: 4547: 4542: 4537: 4532: 4527: 4522: 4517: 4512: 4507: 4502: 4497: 4492: 4487: 4482: 4477: 4472: 4467: 4462: 4457: 4452: 4447: 4442: 4437: 4432: 4427: 4422: 4417: 4412: 4407: 4402: 4397: 4391: 4389: 4383: 4382: 4377: 4375: 4374: 4367: 4360: 4352: 4345: 4344: 4323: 4291: 4267: 4236:(2): 158–170. 4216: 4192: 4168: 4141: 4119: 4098: 4080: 4056: 4030: 4019:www.unicef.org 4003: 3979: 3948:news.trust.org 3934: 3910: 3880: 3854: 3828: 3804: 3777: 3750: 3719: 3692: 3665: 3636: 3612: 3583: 3547: 3523: 3503: 3471: 3443: 3413: 3401: 3366: 3339:(2): 125–134. 3323: 3298: 3268: 3256: 3226: 3197: 3166: 3137: 3118: 3099: 3073: 3048: 3027: 2988: 2967:(2): 204–214. 2944: 2908: 2872: 2813: 2811: 2808: 2806: 2805: 2800: 2795: 2790: 2785: 2780: 2775: 2770: 2765: 2760: 2755: 2753:Women's rights 2750: 2745: 2739: 2737: 2734: 2732: 2731: 2726: 2721: 2716: 2711: 2706: 2701: 2696: 2691: 2686: 2681: 2676: 2671: 2666: 2661: 2656: 2651: 2646: 2641: 2635: 2633: 2630: 2609: 2606: 2605: 2604: 2598: 2592: 2586: 2576:Child marriage 2560: 2557: 2553:victim-blaming 2540: 2537: 2535: 2532: 2512: 2509: 2443:Main article: 2440: 2437: 2426:LGBT community 2400: 2397: 2384: 2381: 2328: 2325: 2224: 2221: 2188: 2185: 2168: 2165: 2160:Kartini School 2148:of Jepara and 2137: 2134: 2132: 2129: 2096: 2095: 2093: 2092: 2085: 2078: 2070: 2067: 2066: 2053: 2052: 2047: 2046: 2045: 2044: 2039: 2031: 2030: 2026: 2025: 2024: 2023: 2018: 2013: 2008: 2003: 1998: 1993: 1988: 1983: 1981:Feminist poets 1978: 1973: 1968: 1963: 1958: 1951: 1950: 1948:Feminist songs 1945: 1944: 1943: 1938: 1928: 1927: 1926: 1924:by nationality 1916: 1910: 1907: 1906: 1900: 1897: 1896: 1893: 1892: 1888: 1887: 1886: 1885: 1875: 1873:United Kingdom 1870: 1865: 1860: 1855: 1850: 1845: 1840: 1835: 1830: 1825: 1820: 1815: 1810: 1805: 1800: 1795: 1790: 1785: 1780: 1775: 1770: 1769: 1768: 1763: 1758: 1753: 1748: 1743: 1738: 1733: 1723: 1718: 1713: 1708: 1703: 1698: 1693: 1688: 1683: 1678: 1673: 1668: 1663: 1658: 1653: 1648: 1643: 1638: 1633: 1628: 1627: 1626: 1621: 1616: 1611: 1606: 1601: 1596: 1591: 1580: 1579: 1576: 1575: 1572: 1571: 1566: 1565: 1563: 1562: 1561: 1560: 1550: 1545: 1540: 1535: 1530: 1525: 1524: 1523: 1513: 1508: 1503: 1498: 1497: 1496: 1491: 1486: 1484:Existentialism 1481: 1480: 1479: 1477:Justice ethics 1469: 1464: 1459: 1449: 1444: 1439: 1438: 1437: 1435:Constructivism 1427: 1422: 1417: 1412: 1411: 1410: 1400: 1395: 1390: 1389: 1388: 1383: 1378: 1373: 1363: 1358: 1353: 1347: 1344: 1343: 1342:Areas of study 1339: 1338: 1336: 1335: 1328: 1323: 1318: 1313: 1308: 1303: 1298: 1293: 1288: 1286:Gender studies 1283: 1277: 1272: 1267: 1266: 1263: 1262: 1257: 1256: 1254: 1253: 1251:SCUM Manifesto 1248: 1243: 1238: 1233: 1228: 1223: 1218: 1213: 1207: 1202: 1199: 1198: 1195: 1194: 1190: 1189: 1184: 1182:Women's rights 1179: 1176:Women's health 1172: 1167: 1162: 1157: 1152: 1147: 1142: 1137: 1132: 1127: 1122: 1117: 1112: 1107: 1102: 1097: 1092: 1087: 1082: 1077: 1072: 1067: 1062: 1060:Male privilege 1057: 1052: 1047: 1042: 1037: 1029:International 1027: 1022: 1017: 1012: 1007: 1002: 997: 992: 987: 986: 985: 980: 975: 965: 960: 955: 950: 945: 940: 935: 930: 925: 920: 915: 914: 913: 903: 897: 896: 893: 892: 889: 888: 884: 883: 878: 876:Technofeminism 873: 872: 871: 866: 861: 851: 850: 849: 839: 834: 833: 832: 831: 830: 820: 815: 805: 804: 803: 802: 801: 786: 781: 776: 775: 774: 769: 759: 754: 749: 743: 742: 737: 736: 733: 732: 728: 727: 722: 721: 720: 710: 705: 700: 699: 698: 693: 688: 678: 677: 676: 671: 666: 661: 651: 646: 640: 639: 634: 633: 630: 629: 625: 624: 619: 614: 601: 600: 599: 594: 589: 579: 574: 573: 572: 562: 557: 552: 547: 541: 540: 538:Other variants 537: 536: 533: 532: 527: 526: 524: 523: 518: 513: 508: 507: 506: 496: 495: 494: 484: 483: 482: 477: 472: 462: 456: 453: 452: 446: 445: 443: 442: 437: 436: 435: 430: 420: 419: 418: 408: 407: 406: 401: 391: 386: 385: 384: 373: 370: 369: 363: 362: 360: 359: 354: 353: 352: 342: 337: 336: 335: 330: 325: 315: 309: 304: 299: 298: 295: 294: 289: 288: 286: 285: 284: 283: 273: 272: 271: 266: 264:Cayman Islands 259:United Kingdom 256: 251: 250: 249: 244: 236: 231: 226: 221: 216: 211: 206: 201: 196: 190: 187: 186: 179: 178: 177: 176: 169: 168: 167: 166: 161: 150: 147: 146: 142: 141: 139: 138: 133: 128: 123: 117: 114: 113: 109: 108: 106: 105: 104: 103: 98: 93: 88: 78: 73: 67: 62: 59: 58: 55: 54: 46: 45: 39: 38: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 4787: 4776: 4773: 4771: 4768: 4766: 4763: 4762: 4760: 4745: 4741: 4737: 4735: 4727: 4726: 4723: 4717: 4714: 4712: 4709: 4707: 4704: 4702: 4699: 4697: 4694: 4693: 4691: 4686: 4682: 4676: 4673: 4671: 4670:South Ossetia 4668: 4666: 4663: 4661: 4658: 4656: 4653: 4652: 4650: 4648: 4642: 4636: 4633: 4631: 4628: 4626: 4623: 4621: 4618: 4616: 4613: 4611: 4608: 4606: 4603: 4601: 4598: 4596: 4593: 4591: 4588: 4586: 4583: 4581: 4578: 4576: 4573: 4571: 4568: 4566: 4563: 4561: 4558: 4556: 4553: 4551: 4548: 4546: 4543: 4541: 4538: 4536: 4533: 4531: 4528: 4526: 4523: 4521: 4518: 4516: 4513: 4511: 4508: 4506: 4503: 4501: 4498: 4496: 4493: 4491: 4488: 4486: 4483: 4481: 4478: 4476: 4473: 4471: 4468: 4466: 4463: 4461: 4458: 4456: 4453: 4451: 4448: 4446: 4443: 4441: 4438: 4436: 4433: 4431: 4428: 4426: 4423: 4421: 4418: 4416: 4413: 4411: 4408: 4406: 4403: 4401: 4398: 4396: 4393: 4392: 4390: 4388: 4384: 4380: 4373: 4368: 4366: 4361: 4359: 4354: 4353: 4350: 4340: 4333: 4327: 4324: 4313:on 2020-10-18 4312: 4308: 4304: 4298: 4296: 4292: 4281: 4277: 4271: 4268: 4263: 4259: 4254: 4249: 4244: 4239: 4235: 4231: 4227: 4220: 4217: 4206: 4202: 4196: 4193: 4182: 4178: 4172: 4169: 4158: 4154: 4148: 4146: 4142: 4137: 4133: 4126: 4124: 4120: 4115: 4108: 4102: 4099: 4094: 4090: 4084: 4081: 4070: 4066: 4060: 4057: 4052: 4045: 4039: 4037: 4035: 4031: 4020: 4016: 4010: 4008: 4004: 3993: 3989: 3983: 3980: 3975: 3963: 3949: 3945: 3938: 3935: 3930: 3923: 3917: 3915: 3911: 3900: 3899:Breaking Asia 3896: 3889: 3887: 3885: 3881: 3869: 3865: 3858: 3855: 3843: 3839: 3832: 3829: 3818: 3814: 3808: 3805: 3794: 3790: 3784: 3782: 3778: 3767: 3763: 3757: 3755: 3751: 3740: 3736: 3730: 3728: 3726: 3724: 3720: 3709: 3705: 3699: 3697: 3693: 3682: 3678: 3672: 3670: 3666: 3655: 3651: 3645: 3643: 3641: 3637: 3626: 3622: 3616: 3613: 3602: 3598: 3592: 3590: 3588: 3584: 3572: 3568: 3562: 3560: 3558: 3556: 3554: 3552: 3548: 3537: 3533: 3527: 3524: 3514: 3510: 3506: 3500: 3496: 3492: 3488: 3484: 3478: 3476: 3472: 3460: 3456: 3450: 3448: 3444: 3432: 3428: 3422: 3420: 3418: 3414: 3404: 3398: 3394: 3390: 3386: 3382: 3375: 3373: 3371: 3367: 3362: 3358: 3354: 3350: 3346: 3342: 3338: 3334: 3327: 3324: 3312: 3308: 3302: 3299: 3287: 3283: 3277: 3275: 3273: 3269: 3265: 3260: 3257: 3253: 3249: 3245: 3241: 3239: 3233: 3231: 3227: 3216:on 2012-04-14 3215: 3211: 3207: 3201: 3198: 3186: 3182: 3175: 3173: 3171: 3167: 3162: 3156: 3148: 3144: 3140: 3134: 3130: 3129: 3122: 3119: 3114: 3110: 3103: 3100: 3088: 3084: 3077: 3074: 3069: 3065: 3059: 3057: 3055: 3053: 3049: 3044: 3037: 3031: 3028: 3023: 3019: 3015: 3011: 3007: 3003: 2999: 2992: 2989: 2984: 2980: 2975: 2970: 2966: 2962: 2958: 2951: 2949: 2945: 2933: 2929: 2923: 2921: 2919: 2917: 2915: 2913: 2909: 2898:on 2021-02-12 2897: 2893: 2892:Yonah Channel 2889: 2883: 2881: 2879: 2877: 2873: 2862:on 2020-11-24 2861: 2857: 2853: 2847: 2845: 2843: 2841: 2839: 2837: 2835: 2833: 2831: 2829: 2827: 2825: 2823: 2821: 2819: 2815: 2809: 2804: 2801: 2799: 2796: 2794: 2791: 2789: 2786: 2784: 2781: 2779: 2776: 2774: 2771: 2769: 2766: 2764: 2761: 2759: 2756: 2754: 2751: 2749: 2746: 2744: 2741: 2740: 2735: 2730: 2729:Putri Mardika 2727: 2725: 2722: 2720: 2717: 2715: 2712: 2710: 2707: 2705: 2702: 2700: 2697: 2695: 2692: 2690: 2687: 2685: 2684:Thung Sin Nio 2682: 2680: 2677: 2675: 2672: 2670: 2667: 2665: 2662: 2660: 2657: 2655: 2654:Ruhana Kuddus 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Index


R. A. Kartini
a series
Feminism

Feminist history
History of feminism
Women's history
American
British
Canadian
German
First
Second
Third
Fourth
Women's suffrage
Muslim countries
US
Other women's rights
Women's suffrage
Austria
Australia
Canada
Colombia
India
Japan
Kuwait
Liechtenstein
New Zealand

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