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it, thus being natural and your gender is something that is social, or learned within the constructs of society. A feminist approach to international relations also provides analyses for not only theoretical understandings of gender relations, but also the consequences that perpetuate the subordination of femininities and female-bodies. âWomenâ (female bodies + performed femininities) endure a higher level of criticism for their actions, personalities, and behaviours within the public and private spheres, particularly while running for political office, whether this at the local or national levels. This is due to a perception of politically ambitious women as either being too feminine or too masculine, to be capable of the job that certain offices demand. This is typically linked to the ideal that women will take care of âwomenâs issuesâ, such as education and abortion, while men will take care of âmenâs issuesâ such as the military, national security, and the economy. This way of thinking can be attributed to the âessentialistâ account of gender and plays into the deeply held belief by many in our society that both men and women inherently hold true to their âessenceâ of either being feminine or masculine. Women are often viewed as being a caring nurturer in comparison to most men being viewed as aggressive and brash. It is critical that researchers seek to explain further the barriers that women endure in their attempts to attain political office on any level. To begin with, there must be a consideration of women's socioeconomic status, and thus a difficulty in funding a campaign. While women are more educated in the western world than ever before, the average woman's socioeconomic powers still do not match the average man's. This results in a further consequence for women, as employment is positively related to one's ability to attain political information, and to build internal political efficacy. Thus, not only does socioeconomic status lead to a lesser ability to finance a political campaign for women, but it also leads to lower levels of political efficacy, impacting women's participation in politics from the very beginning.
2948:
physical appearance and lifestyle, rather than the prominent political questions of the campaign, for female candidates. Further, women receive less overall media coverage, the media questions women's abilities and potential for future power, as well as focusing on what are deemed as âwomenâs issuesâ. These kinds of coverage discourage voters from voting or contributing to the campaigns of female candidates, and moreover, discourage women from entering into a campaign. Thus, the media has demonstrated its ability to deem candidates either capable or ill-suited for political office, simply through the dialogue in which they use, that perpetuates systems of disqualification for women. These dialogues place men in positions of high politics, and reinforce symbolic understandings of âwomenâs issuesâ versus âmenâs issuesâ, and who best represents offices of high-politics due to naturalized understandings of individual's bodies and gendered identities. Through a feminist lens of international relations however, we may understand the systemic nature of these perceptions of the relationships between bodies and identities in order to discount popular dialogue, and find places for women within high-politics. The way forward would be for people to create their own âfeminist curiosityâ in order to challenge the status quo and push forward on the stage of
Feminism in the International Relations Arena. To view gender as âperformativeâ instead of just something we are born with or into. To pull from Judith Butler's work and view âthe sexed body as much a product of discourses about gender as discourse about gender are a product of the sexed body.â
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ultimately are the products of the practice of IR. In this way, it is ineffective to use a gendered lens and feminist consciousness to analyze the exclusion of a discussion in gender in IR. Hooper suggests that a deeper examination of the ontological and epistemological ways in which IR has been inherently a masculine discipline is needed. The innate masculinity of IR is because men compose the vast majority of modern IR scholars, and their masculine identities have been socially constructed over time through various political progressions. For instance, Hooper gives examples of the historical and political developments of masculinities that are still prevalent in IR and society at large; the Greek citizen/warrior model, the Judeo
Christian model, and the Protestant bourgeois rationalist model. These track the masculine identities throughout history, where manliness is measured in militarism and citizenship, ownership and authority of the fathers, and finally, competitive individualism and reason. These masculinities in turn ask one to not only use the feminist consciousness to analyze the exclusions of femininities from IR, but additionally, Hooper illuminates how one can locate the inherent inclusions of masculinities in the field of IR with a feminist consciousness.
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examine the way in which discourses are shaped by underlying dichotomous views of masculinity and femininity. This perspective is then applied to the renewal of
Trident nuclear weapons, a plan which Duncanson and Eschl argue is enabled by the UK government's use of masculinized language that seems to be constructed into the state's identity. The UK Trident Program was the cause of another expression of feminist anti-militarism, beginning a few decades earlier in the form of the Greenham Common Women's Peace Camp. The 1979 decision by NATO to base ground cruise missiles at Greenham Common initiated a response from women largely associated with various feminist and anti-nuclear groups. Their opposition to such militarism was demonstrated in the persistence of peace camps, demonstrations and other forms of resistance for the following two decades (nat. archive website). Such efforts brought to life the feminist anti-militarist perception of the relationship between gender and militarism as exhibited through nuclear weaponry.
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consciousness while participating in the drafting of a document that outlines the actions taken in negotiating ceasefires, peace agreements, and new constitutions. During this event, those involved came up with the word âcombatantâ to describe those in need during these usually high-strung negotiations. The use of âcombatantâ in this context is particularly problematic as Carol points out because it implies one type of militarized people, generally men carrying guns, and excludes the women and girls deployed as porters, cooks, and forced âwivesâ of male combatants. This term effectively renders the needs of these women invisible and excludes them from the particularly critical IR conversation regarding who needs what in war and peace. This discussion is crucial for the analysis of how various masculinities are at play in
International Politics and how those masculinities affect women and girls during wartime and peace and initially eliminates them from the discussion.
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and mothers, selfless nurses, and anti-war activistsâ. The reality is that women play various roles in war and for different reasons, depending on the conflict. It is noted that women have actively participated in war since the mid-nineteenth century. This process of eliminating women from war is a tool used to discredit women as agents in the international arena. A focal point for many feminist scholars is mass rape during wartime. These scholars will seek to explain why wartime sexual violence is so prevalent throughout history and today. Some scholars turn to explanations such as rape as a weapon or as a reward for soldiers during the war. Others see sexual violence as an inevitable consequence when social restraints are removed. Feminist scholarship has also critiqued mainstream IR theories and the field of international relations for failing to study war in depth.
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some cases, risk understanding the subjects in policy-making as distinct social subjectivities primarily and/or exclusively in terms of gender difference, rather than in terms of the multiplicities of difference that comprise subjectivities in poststructural feminist thought. Discourse starts with the assertion that the public/private divide has meaningfully contributed to women's marginalization. In order to disrupt this marginalization, feminists must challenge the very assumptions that construct our ideas of identity and citizenship. Primarily, poststructuralist feminism seeks to advance Judith Butler's conception of gender as âperformativeâ, whereby there is no pertinent conception of gender outside of the social construction of masculinity or femininity.
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International
Relations that opposes weapons of mass destruction, such as nuclear weaponry, and holds gender accountable in part for the propagation of militarism. Gender becomes embedded in relations of power as that which is seen to be stronger is assigned a masculinized identity, while concepts such as emotion are seen as indicators of weakness and become associated with femininity. In this way, the military strength and capability of a state becomes associated with its degree of masculinity, which feminist anti-militarists see as problematic. As disarmament could be perceived as emasculatory, states are less likely to disarm; consequently, militarism becomes normalized, downplayed, and more likely to incite warfare. These are some of the concepts that
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mainstreaming was the United
Nations Resolution 1325 that was passed in the year 2000. Part of this resolution is the Women Peace and Security agenda which has goals including: Support for sexual violence survivors as well as supporting women's involvement in peace processes. Canada's policy focuses on the empowerment of women, which emerged in the discussion of development in the 1980s and 1990s, but at the time was considered a radical concept. The goal in promoting the empowerment of women is to give them confidence to challenge social norms that may be harmful to their community as well as to change gendered power relations.
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would have large influence in the outcome, as investigated by Cohn in one of her earlier articles, âSex and Death in the
Rational World of Defense Intellectuals." Her participation in security discussions allowed her to observe the way in which the âtechnostrategicâ language used by American defense intellectuals was highly gendered, and assigned greater value and strength to that which was assigned masculine or highly sexualized terminology. While Cohn does not explicitly identify the use of a feminist anti-militarist view in this article, the ideas and subjects at hand run parallel. Relatedly,
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Relations needs to include masculinity in the discussion on war, while also giving attention to the issues surrounding women and girls. In order to do so, Enloe urges
International Relations scholars to look at issues with a âfeminist consciousnessâ, which will ultimately include a perspective sensitive to masculinities and femininities. In this way, the feminist consciousness, together with a gendered lens, allows for IR academics to discuss International Politics with a deeper appreciation and understanding of issues pertaining to gender around the world.
3007:. The policy describes where Canada's budget for foreign will be allocated, and Canada chose to focus on putting money towards initiatives that support women in the global south. The policy outlines six action areas that Canada intends to focus on: Human dignity, growth that works for everyone, environment and climate change, inclusive governance, peace and security and the main core focus of gender equality and the empowerment of women and girls. These action areas align with the
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2733:(Pandora Press 1990). This text sought to chart the many different roles that women play in international politics – as plantation sector workers, diplomatic wives, sex workers on military bases, etc. The important point of this work was to emphasize how, when looking at international politics from the perspective of women, one is forced to reconsider their assumptions regarding what international politics is 'all about'.
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how war arises, but specifically how gender affects the causes, likelihood and outcome of conflict. Rationalist feminists have, broadly, two strains of research: quantitative foreign policy and comparative case studies. Quantitative foreign policy - may, for example, explore the correlation between gender equality and likelihood of war, or the gender gap on foreign policy opinions.
2970:, she writes, "Feminists often relegate quantitative work to the realm of male influence and experi- ence, even considering it false consciousness in succumbing to male methods of power, thereby surrendering powerful methods and models that could be leveraged to further substantiate the arguments made by feminist analysis regarding inequities in outcome by sex."
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yet that it differs from pacifism in that it does not outright reject all forms of warfare. Such opposition stems partly from the questionability of how effective warfare/militarism is, and whether the costs, (albeit monetary, environmental, and especially human) that are inevitably incurred yet not always accounted, for are worth it.
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the term âwomen;â what factors might lead to âwomenâ requiring specific designs, implementations, and evaluations of policies; what is considered to constitute âdifferenceâ in the material and cultural experience of âmenâ and âwomen;â and what aspects of that âdifferenceâ suppose its especial significance.
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Canada's new policy stems from the concept of gender mainstreaming, which means that gender is at the forefront of a given initiative, and this concept has been utilized in discussions surrounding foreign aid for the past decade. The first major landmark international legislation that included gender
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Further barriers exist into women's entrance into politics, which include, but are not limited to, attachment to the private sphere and the scrutiny of the media. Media coverage of campaigns can be particularly detrimental to a woman's ability to attain political office. The media focuses far more on
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There are different theories that come into play on femininity and female's bodies when speaking about
International Relations and the role females have within it. One theory known as a âconstructivistâ account of gender, lends itself to arguing that your sex is biological, that is, you are born with
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prioritizes difference and diversity to the extent that it recognizes all identities as absolutely contingent social constructions. With regard to poststructuralist feminism, gender theory points out that due to this ontological and epistemological discursiveness, poststructuralist feminism can, in
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focusses on empowering women in particular through specific designs, implementations, and evaluations of policies that account for the material and cultural differences between men and women and their significance. With regard to difference feminism, gender theory questions, again, what is meant by
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Manifestations of feminist anti-militarism can be identified in various contexts and methods. In line with Cohn and
Ruddick's (2003) aforementioned article, part of what feminist anti-militarism critiques is the framework in which weapons of mass destruction are âdiscussedâ. Such discourse assumedly
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A prominent basis for much of feminist scholarship on war is to emphasize how men are seen as the sole actors in war. Women, on the other hand, are commonly conceived of as acted upon throughout conflict and conflict resolutions. As asserted by Swati Parashar, they are documented as âgrieving widows
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In regards to feminism in International Relations, some of the founding feminist IR scholars refer to using a "feminist consciousness" when looking at gender issues in politics. In Cynthia Enloe's article âGender is not enough: the need for a feminist consciousnessâ, Enloe explains how International
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to tackle issues such as poverty and human rights abuses in global south countries. General criticisms of feminist foreign policies that have been put forth by global north countries include the fact that other areas of their foreign policy perpetuates violence towards women, most considerably arms
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refers to the ways in which institutionalized norms, policy procedures, organizational identities, and material structures shape the language and meaning of gender equality and/or difference therein. Gender theory, with regard to discursive politics, for instance, would examine the identities, the
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and Catherine Eschle do state their use of a feminist anti-militarist perspective in their article âGender and the Nuclear Weapons State: A Feminist Critique of the UK Governmentâs White Paper on Tridentâ. The authors borrow Cohn's rendition of the relationship between gender and nuclear weapons to
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explored in their article âFeminist Ethical Perspective on Weapons of Mass Destruction,â (2003) which laid out the meaning behind what they referred to as âanti-war feminismâ. They explain that it opposes the use of weapons of mass destruction whether for military, political, or deterring purposes,
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Conversely, feminist IR scholar Charlotte Hooper effectively applies a feminist consciousness when considering how âIR disciplines men as much as men shape IRâ. So, instead of focusing on what and whom IR excludes from the conversation, Hooper focuses on how masculine identities are perpetuated and
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parallels Neorealist thought by placing the state as the primary actor within international relations. It is also linked to Liberal thought, insofar as it highlights âdemocratic peaceâ literature, creating an overlap between the paradigms. Relating to gender, rationalist feminism explores not only
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deals specifically with policy-making, and requires that women as well as perspectives on both women's and men's lived realities are fairly included and represented in that policy-making. With regard to liberal feminism, gender theory contemplates, for example, what is meant by the term âwomen,â
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Gender theory highlights the limitations of linguistic categories, asserts the significance of intersectionality, values concrete cultural context over universalisms and essentialisms (for example, the notion of universal patriarchy), rigorously problematizes sex and gender binaries, recounts and
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has suggested that feminists formulate verifiable problems, collect data, and proceed only scientifically when attempting to solve issues. Unsurprisingly, Keohane's suggestion received a cold reaction from feminists; one particular rebuttal was entitled âYou Still Donât Understand: Why Troubled
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Certain parts of the academic realm of IR theory did not offer the feminist perspective serious attention because of differences with its ways of addressing problems within the discipline. Some circles within social sciences are increasingly employing a hypothetico-deductivist way of looking at
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Feminists within IR often look to how conceptions of masculinity have shaped foreign policy, state identity, and security and armament during and outside of warfare. One tradition that exists within the field for this purpose is that of feminist anti-militarism. This is a stance within Feminist
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and the re-evaluation of traditional IR theory during the 1990s opened up a space for gendering International Relations. Because feminist IR is linked broadly to the critical project in IR, by and large, most feminist scholarship has sought to problematize the politics of knowledge construction
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However, it would be a mistake to think that feminist IR was solely a matter of identifying how many groups of women are positioned in the international political system. From its inception, feminist IR has always shown a strong concern with thinking about men and, in particular, masculinities.
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first by examining conventional understandings of gender that support masculine hegemony and heterosexist power, and subsequently wondering about the extent to which one can undermine such constitutive categories (that is, male/female, man/woman) through continually mobilizing, subverting, and
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Enloe argues how the IR discipline continues to lack serious analysis of the experiences, actions, and ideas of girls and women in the international arena and how this ultimately excludes them from the discussion in IR. For instance, Enloe explains Carol Cohn's experience using a feminist
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describes the political, material, bureaucratic, and organizational relationships and conventions that govern administrative institutions. Gender theory seeks to examine the ways in which these normalized relationships and conventions shape the policy-making processes of and within these
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in general have been increasingly implemented since the mid-2010s, with countries such as France and Mexico recently announcing their plans to implement this kind of policy in 2019 and 2020 respectively. The area of foreign policy where there tends to be the most
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proliferating the very foundational illusions of identity which seek to keep gender in its place. Gender theory can inform critical lenses and perspectives such as Cynthia Enloe's âfeminist consciousness,â as well as other feminist perspectives such as
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Brown University political scientist Rose McDermott has criticized feminist IR literature as being too exclusively focused on narrative, experiential and qualitative analysis, and for using causal models that are underspecified. In a 2015 article in
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whose perspectives on âwomenâsâ and âmenâsâ lived realities are considered valuable in facilitating fair representation in policy-making, and what aspects of life are considered components of âlived realityâ.
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Duncanson, C., & Eschle, C. (2008). Gender and the Nuclear Weapons State: A Feminist Critique of the UK Governmentâs White Paper on Trident. New Political Science, 30(4), 545-563. Retrieved from use:
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accounts for the history of sex and gender relations, and deals directly with other theoretical strains such as structuralism, post-structuralism, socialism, and psychoanalysis. For example, in her book
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people, who also face many of the same issues as women in conflict such as sexualized violence as well as their own unique challenges and discrimination that is not being addressed in these policies.
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Comparative case studies - may, for example, include looking at sex-selective abortions in different states, the policies that lead to gender disparity and the consequences of such gender disparity.
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Feminist IR theory involves looking at how international politics affects and is affected by both men and women and also at how the core concepts that are employed within the discipline of IR (e.g.
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Cohn, C., & Ruddick, S. (2003). A Feminist Ethical Perspective on Weapons of Mass Destruction. Boston Consortium on Gender, Security and Human Rights, Working Paper 104, 3-33. Retrieved from
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Indeed, many IR feminists argue that the discipline is inherently masculine. For example, in her article "Sex and Death in the Rational World of Defense Intellectuals"
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social phenomena. In that context, feminist perspective is criticized for providing a more politically engaged way of looking at issues than a problem-solving way.
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CoffĂ©, Hilde. âWomen Stay Local, Men Go National and Global? Gender Differences in Political Interest.â Sex Roles 69 (2013) : 323-338. Web. 15 March 2015.
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Youngs, Gillian. "Feminist International Relations: a contradiction in terms? Or: why women and gender are essential to understanding the world âweâlive in."
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3801:. 2006. âYou Still Donât Understand: Why Troubled Engagements Continue between Feminists and (Critical) IPE.â Review of International Studies 32(1):145â64.
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Keohane, R. O. (1998). Beyond dichotomy: Conversations between international relations and feminist theory. International Studies Quarterly, 42(1):193-197
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states that its overall goal is the eradication of poverty and that the most effective approach to achieve this goal is the promotion of gender equality.
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constitutive categories, created and/or perpetuated by the language and meaning of gender equality and/or difference in such international institutions.
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sales. Another critique is that it causes women to be viewed as weak and maternal and in need of protection. It also does not include
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claimed that a highly masculinized culture within the defense establishment contributed to the divorcing of war from human emotion.
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3987:"From 'gender equality and 'women's empowerment' to global justice: reclaiming a transformative agenda for gender and development"
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Hooper, C. (1999), "Masculinities, IR and the 'Gender Variable': A Cost-Benefit Analysis for (Sympathetic) Gender Skeptics".
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Cohn, C. (1987). Sex and Death in the Rational World of Defense Intellectuals. Signs, 12(4), 687-178. Retrieved from
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English, Leona M. (2010). "Poststructuralist Feminism". In Albert J. Mills; Gabrielle Durepos; Elden Wiebe (eds.).
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Coffe, Hilde (2013). "Women Stay Local, Men Go National and Global? Gender Differences in Political Interest".
2756:, etc.) are themselves gendered. Feminist IR has not only concerned itself with the traditional focus of IR on
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Wasburn, Philo; Wasburn, Mara (2011). "Media Coverage of Women in Politics: The curious case of Sarah Palin".
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Wasburn, Philo; Wasburn, Mara (2011). "Media Coverage of Women in Politics: The curious case of Sarah Palin".
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Tickner, J. Ann, and Martha Lee. "Gendering world politics: issues and approaches in the post-cold war era."
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McDermott, Rose (2015). "Sex and Death: Gender Differences in Aggression and Motivations for Violence".
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The National Archives | Access to Archives. The National Archives. Retrieved September 26, 2013, from
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Aggestam, Karin, Annika Bergman Rosamond, and Annica Kronsell. "Theorising feminist foreign policy."
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Enloe, Cynthia (January 2004). "Gender is not enough: the need for a feminist consciousness".
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3859:"What's Feminist about Feminist Foreign Policy? Sweden's and Canada's Foreign Policy Agendas"
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1347:
1271:
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1207:
1055:
1050:
1043:
1038:
1033:
1013:
957:
940:
886:
881:
634:
458:
413:
398:
272:
256:
197:
79:
3183:"From War to Security: Security Studies, the Wider Agenda and the Fate of the Study of War"
614:
5085:
4949:
4927:
4839:
4708:
4668:
4616:
4586:
4576:
4561:
4121:
4113:
3798:
3537:(2010). "Mainstreaming Gender in International Institutions". In Laura J. Shepherd (ed.).
3512:(2010). "Mainstreaming Gender in International Institutions". In Laura J. Shepherd (ed.).
3491:(2010). "Mainstreaming Gender in International Institutions". In Laura J. Shepherd (ed.).
2992:
2757:
2681:
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2040:
1849:
1837:
1643:
1583:
1563:
1521:
1386:
1276:
1222:
1180:
1118:
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1079:
991:
945:
557:
503:
473:
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448:
5105:
5075:
5055:
5045:
5025:
4596:
4556:
4541:
4506:
4080:
3237:
3093:
Enloe, C. (2004), III "âGenderâ is not enough: the need for a feminist consciousness".
2958:
2802:
2411:
1854:
1819:
1628:
1439:
1391:
1185:
1145:
1028:
483:
443:
428:
393:
4663:
3899:"Feminist Foreign Policy 3.0: Advancing Ethics and Gender Equality in Global Politics"
552:
5136:
5070:
5050:
5030:
5005:
4611:
4591:
4546:
4531:
4516:
4460:
4068:
Gender matters in global politics: a feminist introduction to international relations
4012:
3840:
3739:
3704:
3664:
3590:
Gender Matters in Global Politics: A Feminist Introduction to International Relations
3539:
Gender Matters in Global Politics: A Feminist Introduction to International Relations
3514:
Gender Matters in Global Politics: A Feminist Introduction to International Relations
3493:
Gender Matters in Global Politics: A Feminist Introduction to International Relations
3214:
3158:
Gender Matters in Global Politics: A Feminist Introduction to International Relations
3133:
Gender Matters in Global Politics: A Feminist Introduction to International Relations
2862:
2790:
2724:
1713:
1673:
1668:
1578:
1325:
1288:
913:
908:
498:
478:
433:
418:
403:
345:
5090:
5040:
4737:
4606:
4521:
4422:
4356:
4058:
Bonds Across Borders: Women, China, and International Relations in the Modern World
2840:
2701:
2685:
1934:
1864:
1728:
1663:
1658:
1618:
1568:
1330:
1249:
1227:
1128:
1003:
876:
493:
408:
305:
237:
4004:
4129:
5020:
4995:
4985:
4944:
4621:
4496:
4470:
4300:
3534:
3509:
3488:
1342:
1259:
1133:
979:
508:
383:
355:
179:
3561:
5065:
4917:
4626:
4581:
4501:
3824:
3731:
3287:
http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/a2a/records.aspx?cat=106-5gcw&cid=-1#-1
3182:
2836:
2798:
2742:
1894:
1879:
1573:
513:
468:
388:
3832:
3696:
3656:
3206:
3198:
3071:. pp. 448-449. "Glossary", entries for "rationalism" and "reflectivism".
2688:
to better understand global politics and international relations as a whole.
3467:
2761:
1874:
1869:
952:
3917:
2672:
is a broad term given to works of those scholars who have sought to bring
3877:
2781:
2753:
2669:
1648:
1516:
1084:
606:
2780:
Feminist IR emerged largely from the late 1980s onwards. The end of the
2986:
is foreign development and aid. This type of foreign policy focuses on
2765:
1315:
3898:
3776:
A Model Discipline: Political Science and the Logic of Representations
3620:
Gender Matters in Global Politics: An Introduction to Global Politics
2673:
4677:
3275:
http://genderandsecurity.umb.edu/Carol%20Cohn%20Sex%20and%20Death%
3011:
for 2030, with a focus on goal number 5 which is gender equality.
3408:
Preface, Gender Trouble: Feminism and the Subversion of Identity
3378:
Preface, Gender Trouble: Feminism and the Subversion of Identity
4681:
4133:
2749:
3258:
http://www.informaworld.com/terms-and-conditions-of-access.p
2962:
Engagements Continue between Feminists and (Critical) IPE.â
2785:
within the discipline - often by adopting methodologies of
3003:
In 2017, Canada launched its new foreign assistance plan,
4114:
Interview with feminist IR-scholar Marysia Zalewski by
3529:
3527:
3525:
3523:
3504:
3502:
3483:
3481:
3479:
3477:
3441:
Gender Trouble: Feminism and the Subversion of Identity
3423:
Gender Trouble: Feminism and the Subversion of Identity
3393:
Gender Trouble: Feminism and the Subversion of Identity
3363:
Gender Trouble: Feminism and the Subversion of Identity
3348:
Gender Trouble: Feminism and the Subversion of Identity
3333:
Gender Trouble: Feminism and the Subversion of Identity
3318:
Gender Trouble: Feminism and the Subversion of Identity
3300:
Gender Trouble: Feminism and the Subversion of Identity
2859:
Gender Trouble: Feminism and the Subversion of Identity
3760:
3758:
3251:
3249:
3247:
3245:
4122:
Interview with feminist IR-scholar Cynthia Enloe by
3985:
Cornwall and Rivas, Andrea and Althea-Maria (2015).
3897:
Aggestam and Rosamond, Karin and Annika. B. (2019).
3238:
http://www.genderandsecurity.umb.edu/cohnruddick.pdf
2723:
One of the most influential works in feminist IR is
5114:
4973:
4937:
4715:
4635:
4479:
4443:
4405:
4309:
4256:
4223:
4185:
4167:
3939:"Canada's Feminist International Assistance Policy"
3380:. New York and London: Routledge. pp. viiiâix.
3097:, 80: 95â97. doi: 10.1111/j.1468-2346.2004.00370.x.
3232:
3230:
3228:
3226:
3224:
3434:
3432:
3350:. New York and London: Routledge. pp. 49â50.
3013:Canadaâs Feminist International Assistance Policy
3005:Canadaâs Feminist International Assistance Policy
27:Academic field of study in international politics
3774:Clarke, Kevin A.; Primo, David M. (2012-02-16).
3425:. New York and London: Routledge. pp. 53â4.
3410:. New York and London: Routledge. p. xviii.
3311:
3309:
3541:. New York and London: Routledge. p. 194.
3516:. New York and London: Routledge. p. 193.
3495:. New York and London: Routledge. p. 192.
2708:; reflectivist approaches, which also include
4693:
4145:
3678:
3676:
3674:
3443:. New York and London: Routledge. p. 44.
3395:. New York and London: Routledge. p. 47.
3365:. New York and London: Routledge. p. 51.
2650:
575:
8:
4046:Rai, Shirin. "Gendering global governance."
3335:. New York and London: Routledge. p. 9.
3320:. New York and London: Routledge. p. 6.
3302:. New York and London: Routledge. p. 5.
3187:Millennium: Journal of International Studies
3113:
3111:
3109:
3107:
3105:
3103:
3089:
3087:
3085:
3083:
3081:
3079:
3077:
3063:. 4th ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
4700:
4686:
4678:
4152:
4138:
4130:
4048:International Feminist Journal of Politics
3269:
3267:
3265:
2939:Barriers to femininities and female bodies
2657:
2643:
2470:
1842:
1772:
1537:African-American women's suffrage movement
869:
627:
593:
582:
568:
29:
4397:Chinese school of international relations
3961:Government of Canada (21 February 2017).
3916:
3876:
3160:. New York: Routledge. pp. 159â169.
278:Chinese school of international relations
3135:. New York: Routledge. pp. 99â109.
1482:Discrimination against transgender women
3622:. New York: Routledge. pp. 25â35.
3592:. New York: Routledge. pp. 14â23.
3556:. SAGE Publications. pp. 711â714.
3050:
2597:
2473:
1910:
1012:
929:
745:
708:
675:
605:
32:
4015:– via Taylor and Francis Online.
4039:Caprioli, Mary. "Gendered conflict."
3980:
3978:
3932:
3930:
3928:
3892:
3890:
3888:
3852:
3850:
3613:
3611:
3609:
3583:
3581:
7:
4086:. Columbia University Press (2001).
3904:SAIS Review of International Affairs
2676:concerns into the academic study of
3554:Encyclopedia of Case Study Research
4645:
3864:International Studies Perspectives
534:
25:
18:Feminism (international relations)
4920:
4662:
3009:UN Sustainable Development Goals
2626:
2158:Democratic Republic of the Congo
1492:Diversity, equity, and inclusion
613:
551:
4347:International political economy
4243:Uneven and combined development
2770:International Political Economy
228:International political economy
120:Uneven and combined development
5163:International relations theory
4161:International relations theory
2590:Women's suffrage organizations
34:International relations theory
1:
4005:10.1080/01436597.2015.1013341
3937:Government of Canada (2017).
3181:Barkawi, Tarak (2011-03-22).
3060:Contemporary Security Studies
4341:liberal intergovernmentalism
3881:– via Oxford Journals.
3685:Media, Culture & Society
3645:Media, Culture & Society
2865:explores the possibility of
2575:Suffragists and suffragettes
2505:American feminist literature
222:liberal intergovernmentalism
3963:"Women, peace and security"
3618:Shepherd, Laura J. (2015).
2730:Bananas, Beaches, and Bases
1815:Views on transgender topics
1805:Views on sexual orientation
5179:
4362:Hegemonic stability theory
3857:Thomson, Jennifer (2020).
3813:International Organization
3562:10.4135/9781412957397.n262
3034:International legal theory
2968:International Organization
2908:Poststructuralist feminism
2880:poststructuralist feminism
243:Hegemonic stability theory
4915:
4659:
4322:Critical security studies
4041:Journal of peace research
3921:– via Project MUSE.
3825:10.1017/S0020818315000065
3732:10.1007/s11199-013-0308-x
3156:Pankhurst, Donna (2015).
3029:Feminism in 1950s Britain
2979:Feminist foreign policies
2606:Women's rights by country
1512:Female genital mutilation
203:Critical security studies
5122:Women's studies journals
4291:Territorial peace theory
4215:Liberal institutionalism
4084:Gendering World Politics
4066:Shepherd, Laura J., ed.
4056:Roberts, Priscilla, ed.
3697:10.1177/0163443711415744
3657:10.1177/0163443711415744
3199:10.1177/0305829811400656
3131:Parashar, Swati (2015).
2830:Feminist anti-militarism
2776:Emergence of Feminist IR
2611:Feminists by nationality
2585:Women's studies journals
2580:Women's rights activists
1303:Movements and ideologies
170:Territorial peace theory
90:Liberal institutionalism
5148:International relations
4800:International relations
4649:International relations
4296:Democratic peace theory
4238:Theories of imperialism
4200:Democratic peace theory
4177:Feminist constructivism
4031:International Relations
3468:10.1111/j..2004.00370.x
3439:Butler, Judith (1990).
3421:Butler, Judith (1990).
3406:Butler, Judith (1999).
3391:Butler, Judith (1990).
3376:Butler, Judith (1999).
3361:Butler, Judith (1990).
3346:Butler, Judith (1990).
3331:Butler, Judith (1990).
3316:Butler, Judith (1990).
3298:Butler, Judith (1990).
2974:Feminist foreign policy
2698:international relations
1999:International relations
865:Intersectional variants
538:International relations
175:Democratic peace theory
115:Theories of imperialism
75:Democratic peace theory
50:Feminist constructivism
5158:Feminism and education
5081:Catharine A. MacKinnon
3918:10.1353/sais.2019.0003
3057:Collins, Adam (2016).
2925:Institutional politics
2884:institutional politics
2706:rational choice theory
2678:international politics
2525:Conservative feminisms
1780:Bicycling and feminism
1756:Women in the workforce
1724:Violence against women
1699:Sexual objectification
1659:Opposition to feminism
921:Vegetarian ecofeminism
5061:Patricia Hill Collins
4955:Hegemonic masculinity
4435:Inter-paradigm debate
4210:Republican liberalism
4098:International affairs
4075:International Journal
4050:6.4 (2004): 579â601.
4033:33.1 (2019): 23â39.
3992:Third World Quarterly
3588:Hansen, Lene (2015).
3456:International Affairs
3119:International Studies
3095:International Affairs
2993:gender non-conforming
2555:Feminist rhetoricians
2545:Feminist philosophers
2097:Revisionist mythology
1800:Views on prostitution
1785:Criticism of marriage
1475:Children's literature
318:Inter-paradigm debate
85:Republican liberalism
5153:Feminism and society
4602:Immanuel Wallerstein
4552:Peter J. Katzenstein
4537:Samuel P. Huntington
4456:Historical sociology
4451:International ethics
4337:Intergovernmentalism
4271:Neoclassical realism
4248:World-systems theory
4100:80.1 (2004): 75â87.
2984:gender mainstreaming
2915:Rationalist feminism
2535:Feminist art critics
2510:Feminist comic books
2467:Lists and categories
2146:By continent/country
1977:Pathways perspective
1860:Gender mainstreaming
1795:Views on pornography
1704:Substantive equality
1684:Reproductive justice
1634:Matriarchal religion
1487:Diversity (politics)
1428:Political lesbianism
738:Other women's rights
489:Immanuel Wallerstein
439:Peter J. Katzenstein
424:Samuel P. Huntington
341:Historical sociology
336:International ethics
218:Intergovernmentalism
150:Neoclassical realism
125:World-systems theory
5096:Diana E. H. Russell
4765:Composition studies
4669:Politics portal
4492:Zbigniew Brzezinski
4466:State cartel theory
4043:37.1 (2000): 51â68.
2988:women's empowerment
2932:Discursive politics
2901:Difference feminism
2888:discursive politics
2876:difference feminism
2633:Feminism portal
2540:Feminist economists
2530:Ecofeminist authors
2335:Trinidad and Tobago
2275:Republic of Ireland
1967:Composition studies
1734:Women's empowerment
1689:Sex workers' rights
1614:Feminist capitalism
1594:Internalized sexism
1527:Feminism in culture
640:History of feminism
558:Politics portal
379:Zbigniew Brzezinski
351:State cartel theory
4991:Simone de Beauvoir
4981:Elizabeth Anderson
4974:Feminist theorists
4775:Digital humanities
4753:Literary criticism
4567:Stephen D. Krasner
3878:10.1093/isp/ekz032
2714:post-structuralism
2692:Feminist IR theory
2680:and who have used
1945:Literary criticism
1810:Views on sexuality
1497:Effects on society
1465:Complementarianism
1445:Women's liberation
1200:Religious variants
1174:trans-exclusionary
892:Radical lesbianism
454:Stephen D. Krasner
5130:
5129:
5011:Kimberlé Crenshaw
4862:Political ecology
4675:
4674:
4367:Copenhagen School
4286:Defensive realism
4281:Offensive realism
4266:Classical realism
4233:Dependency theory
4077:57.3 (2002): 486.
3651:(33): 1027â1041.
3629:978-0-415-71521-8
3599:978-0-415-71521-8
3167:978-0-415-71521-8
3142:978-0-415-71521-8
3039:Embedded Feminism
2795:poststructuralism
2667:
2666:
2618:
2617:
2137:
2136:
2127:womanist theology
2070:Political ecology
1901:Ăcriture fĂ©minine
1828:
1827:
1719:Triple oppression
1709:Toxic masculinity
1694:Sexual harassment
1554:Feminist stripper
1532:Feminist movement
1093:
1092:
1024:Africana womanism
855:
854:
592:
591:
248:Copenhagen School
165:Defensive realism
160:Offensive realism
145:Classical realism
110:Dependency theory
16:(Redirected from
5170:
5101:Dorothy E. Smith
4938:Related subjects
4930:
4925:
4924:
4923:
4867:Political theory
4702:
4695:
4688:
4679:
4667:
4666:
4647:
4572:John Mearsheimer
4527:Martha Finnemore
4512:Michael W. Doyle
4444:Other approaches
4392:Intercommunalism
4376:neofunctionalism
4317:Neo-Gramscianism
4205:Capitalist peace
4154:
4147:
4140:
4131:
4081:Tickner, J. Ann.
4017:
4016:
3982:
3973:
3972:
3970:
3969:
3958:
3952:
3951:
3949:
3948:
3943:
3934:
3923:
3922:
3920:
3894:
3883:
3882:
3880:
3854:
3845:
3844:
3808:
3802:
3799:Waylen, Georgina
3796:
3790:
3789:
3771:
3765:
3762:
3753:
3750:
3744:
3743:
3726:(5â6): 323â338.
3715:
3709:
3708:
3691:(7): 1027â1041.
3680:
3669:
3668:
3640:
3634:
3633:
3615:
3604:
3603:
3585:
3576:
3575:
3549:
3543:
3542:
3531:
3518:
3517:
3506:
3497:
3496:
3485:
3472:
3471:
3451:
3445:
3444:
3436:
3427:
3426:
3418:
3412:
3411:
3403:
3397:
3396:
3388:
3382:
3381:
3373:
3367:
3366:
3358:
3352:
3351:
3343:
3337:
3336:
3328:
3322:
3321:
3313:
3304:
3303:
3295:
3289:
3283:
3277:
3271:
3260:
3253:
3240:
3234:
3219:
3218:
3178:
3172:
3171:
3153:
3147:
3146:
3128:
3122:
3115:
3098:
3091:
3072:
3055:
2894:Liberal feminism
2872:liberal feminism
2867:troubling gender
2850:Claire Duncanson
2789:associated with
2787:deconstructivism
2659:
2652:
2645:
2631:
2630:
2629:
2570:Feminist parties
2565:Muslim feminists
2560:Jewish feminists
2471:
2452:History of women
2075:Political theory
1843:
1773:
1746:
1739:Women-only space
1624:Likeability trap
1589:Invisible labour
1507:Female education
1321:Anti-pornography
1176:
1175:
1171:
887:Lesbian of color
870:
747:Women's suffrage
723:Muslim countries
718:Women's suffrage
635:Feminist history
628:
617:
594:
584:
577:
570:
556:
555:
536:
459:John Mearsheimer
414:Martha Finnemore
399:Michael W. Doyle
330:Other approaches
273:Intercommunalism
257:neofunctionalism
198:Neo-Gramscianism
80:Capitalist peace
30:
21:
5178:
5177:
5173:
5172:
5171:
5169:
5168:
5167:
5143:Feminist theory
5133:
5132:
5131:
5126:
5110:
5086:Martha Nussbaum
4969:
4965:Women's studies
4960:Women's history
4950:Feminist method
4933:
4928:Feminism portal
4926:
4921:
4919:
4913:
4716:Academic fields
4711:
4709:Feminist theory
4706:
4676:
4671:
4661:
4655:
4654:
4653:
4652:
4651:
4644:
4631:
4617:Alexander Wendt
4587:Kathryn Sikkink
4577:Hans Morgenthau
4562:Henry Kissinger
4487:Michael Barnett
4475:
4439:
4406:Classifications
4401:
4387:Postcolonialism
4327:Critical theory
4305:
4252:
4219:
4181:
4163:
4158:
4110:
4070:(2nd ed. 2014).
4026:
4024:Further reading
4021:
4020:
3984:
3983:
3976:
3967:
3965:
3960:
3959:
3955:
3946:
3944:
3941:
3936:
3935:
3926:
3896:
3895:
3886:
3856:
3855:
3848:
3810:
3809:
3805:
3797:
3793:
3786:
3773:
3772:
3768:
3763:
3756:
3751:
3747:
3717:
3716:
3712:
3682:
3681:
3672:
3642:
3641:
3637:
3630:
3617:
3616:
3607:
3600:
3587:
3586:
3579:
3572:
3551:
3550:
3546:
3533:
3532:
3521:
3508:
3507:
3500:
3487:
3486:
3475:
3453:
3452:
3448:
3438:
3437:
3430:
3420:
3419:
3415:
3405:
3404:
3400:
3390:
3389:
3385:
3375:
3374:
3370:
3360:
3359:
3355:
3345:
3344:
3340:
3330:
3329:
3325:
3315:
3314:
3307:
3297:
3296:
3292:
3284:
3280:
3272:
3263:
3254:
3243:
3235:
3222:
3180:
3179:
3175:
3168:
3155:
3154:
3150:
3143:
3130:
3129:
3125:
3116:
3101:
3092:
3075:
3056:
3052:
3047:
3025:
3001:
2976:
2954:
2941:
2832:
2823:
2778:
2718:postcolonialism
2694:
2682:feminist theory
2663:
2627:
2625:
2620:
2619:
2521:
2468:
2460:
2459:
2458:
2367:Northern Cyprus
2147:
2139:
2138:
2133:
1955:Science fiction
1906:
1885:Women's studies
1850:Feminist method
1840:
1830:
1829:
1824:
1770:
1762:
1761:
1760:
1744:
1654:Oedipus complex
1644:Men in feminism
1609:Language reform
1584:Ideal womanhood
1564:Gender equality
1559:Formal equality
1522:Feminationalism
1459:
1451:
1450:
1449:
1406:Post-structural
1305:
1295:
1294:
1293:
1202:
1192:
1191:
1190:
1173:
1170:Gender-critical
1169:
1168:
1119:Femonationalism
1103:
1095:
1094:
1089:
1068:Native American
1008:
963:Critical theory
925:
867:
857:
856:
851:
806:Second Republic
734:
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671:
645:Women's history
625:
588:
550:
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543:
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541:
540:
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527:
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504:Alexander Wendt
474:Kathryn Sikkink
464:Hans Morgenthau
449:Henry Kissinger
374:Michael Barnett
369:
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331:
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290:Classifications
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5111:
5109:
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5106:Marilyn Waring
5103:
5098:
5093:
5088:
5083:
5078:
5076:Julia Kristeva
5073:
5068:
5063:
5058:
5056:Sandra Harding
5053:
5048:
5046:Germaine Greer
5043:
5038:
5036:Martha Fineman
5033:
5028:
5026:Andrea Dworkin
5023:
5018:
5013:
5008:
5003:
4998:
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4988:
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4845:Existentialism
4842:
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4827:
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4812:
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4804:Constructivism
4797:
4792:
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4772:
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4614:
4609:
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4599:
4597:J. Ann Tickner
4594:
4589:
4584:
4579:
4574:
4569:
4564:
4559:
4557:Robert Keohane
4554:
4549:
4544:
4542:John Ikenberry
4539:
4534:
4529:
4524:
4519:
4514:
4509:
4507:Daniel Deudney
4504:
4499:
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4413:Postpositivism
4409:
4407:
4403:
4402:
4400:
4399:
4394:
4389:
4384:
4379:
4369:
4364:
4359:
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4332:English School
4329:
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4319:
4313:
4311:
4310:Other theories
4307:
4306:
4304:
4303:
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4293:
4288:
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4260:
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4207:
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4180:
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4169:Constructivism
4165:
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4159:
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4149:
4142:
4134:
4128:
4127:
4119:
4109:
4108:External links
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5049:
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5029:
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5016:HĂ©lĂšne Cixous
5014:
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4612:Kenneth Waltz
4610:
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4605:
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4592:Susan Strange
4590:
4588:
4585:
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4575:
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4570:
4568:
4565:
4563:
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4550:
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4547:Robert Jervis
4545:
4543:
4540:
4538:
4535:
4533:
4532:Robert Gilpin
4530:
4528:
4525:
4523:
4520:
4518:
4517:Cynthia Enloe
4515:
4513:
4510:
4508:
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4461:Regime theory
4459:
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4429:Great Debates
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4408:
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4382:Postmodernism
4380:
4377:
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4372:Functionalism
4370:
4368:
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4360:
4358:
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4353:
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4099:
4095:
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4092:0-231-11367-6
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3069:9780198708315
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2863:Judith Butler
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2791:postmodernism
2788:
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2763:
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2725:Cynthia Enloe
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2447:United States
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2295:Latin America
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2128:
2125:
2124:
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2118:
2117:Technoscience
2115:
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2110:
2108:
2105:
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2100:
2098:
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2088:
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2024:
2023:
2022:
2019:
2017:
2014:
2012:
2009:
2005:
2002:
2001:
2000:
1997:
1995:
1992:
1990:
1987:
1985:
1982:
1978:
1975:
1974:
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1970:
1968:
1965:
1963:
1960:
1956:
1953:
1951:
1948:
1946:
1943:
1941:
1940:Art criticism
1938:
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1918:
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1909:
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1891:
1890:Men's studies
1888:
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1798:
1796:
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1791:
1790:Views on BDSM
1788:
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1714:Transmisogyny
1712:
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1702:
1700:
1697:
1695:
1692:
1690:
1687:
1685:
1682:
1680:
1677:
1675:
1674:Purplewashing
1672:
1670:
1669:Protofeminism
1667:
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1597:
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1590:
1587:
1585:
1582:
1580:
1579:Honor killing
1577:
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1375:
1374:
1373:
1370:
1364:
1361:
1360:
1359:
1356:
1355:
1354:
1353:Individualist
1351:
1349:
1346:
1344:
1341:
1337:
1334:
1332:
1329:
1328:
1327:
1326:Cyberfeminism
1324:
1322:
1319:
1317:
1314:
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1309:
1308:
1304:
1299:
1298:
1290:
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1135:
1132:
1131:
1130:
1127:
1125:
1122:
1120:
1117:
1115:
1112:
1110:
1109:Anti-abortion
1107:
1106:
1099:
1098:
1086:
1083:
1081:
1078:
1076:
1073:
1069:
1066:
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1032:
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1027:
1025:
1022:
1021:
1019:
1018:
1015:
1014:Multicultural
1011:
1005:
1002:
998:
997:Transnational
995:
993:
990:
989:
988:
985:
981:
978:
977:
976:
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966:
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956:
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951:
947:
944:
943:
942:
939:
938:
936:
935:
932:
928:
922:
919:
915:
914:Postgenderism
912:
911:
910:
909:Transfeminism
907:
905:
902:
898:
895:
893:
890:
888:
885:
884:
883:
880:
878:
875:
874:
872:
871:
866:
861:
860:
846:
843:
842:
841:
840:United States
838:
834:
831:
829:
826:
825:
824:
821:
819:
816:
812:
809:
807:
804:
803:
801:
799:
796:
794:
793:Liechtenstein
791:
789:
786:
784:
781:
779:
776:
774:
771:
769:
766:
764:
761:
759:
756:
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748:
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739:
736:
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729:
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724:
721:
720:
719:
716:
715:
713:
712:
707:
701:
698:
696:
693:
691:
688:
686:
683:
682:
680:
679:
674:
666:
663:
661:
658:
656:
653:
651:
648:
647:
646:
643:
641:
638:
636:
633:
632:
630:
629:
621:
620:
616:
612:
611:
608:
604:
600:
596:
595:
585:
580:
578:
573:
571:
566:
565:
563:
562:
559:
554:
549:
548:
539:
535:
523:
522:
515:
512:
510:
507:
505:
502:
500:
499:Kenneth Waltz
497:
495:
492:
490:
487:
485:
482:
480:
479:Susan Strange
477:
475:
472:
470:
467:
465:
462:
460:
457:
455:
452:
450:
447:
445:
442:
440:
437:
435:
434:Robert Jervis
432:
430:
427:
425:
422:
420:
419:Robert Gilpin
417:
415:
412:
410:
407:
405:
404:Cynthia Enloe
402:
400:
397:
395:
392:
390:
387:
385:
382:
380:
377:
375:
372:
371:
365:
364:
357:
354:
352:
349:
347:
346:Regime theory
344:
342:
339:
337:
334:
333:
327:
326:
319:
316:
313:
312:Great Debates
309:
307:
304:
302:
299:
297:
294:
293:
287:
286:
279:
276:
274:
271:
269:
266:
264:
263:Postmodernism
261:
258:
254:
253:Functionalism
251:
249:
246:
244:
241:
239:
236:
234:
231:
229:
226:
223:
219:
216:
214:
211:
209:
206:
204:
201:
199:
196:
195:
189:
188:
181:
178:
176:
173:
171:
168:
166:
163:
161:
158:
156:
153:
151:
148:
146:
143:
142:
139:
134:
133:
126:
123:
121:
118:
116:
113:
111:
108:
107:
104:
99:
98:
91:
88:
86:
83:
81:
78:
76:
73:
71:
68:
67:
64:
59:
58:
51:
48:
47:
44:
39:
38:
35:
31:
19:
5091:Val Plumwood
5041:Nancy Fraser
4835:Epistemology
4810:Legal theory
4799:
4733:Architecture
4723:Anthropology
4607:Stephen Walt
4522:James Fearon
4423:Reflectivism
4357:Green theory
4351:
4124:Theory Talks
4123:
4116:Theory Talks
4115:
4097:
4083:
4074:
4067:
4057:
4047:
4040:
4030:
3996:
3990:
3966:. Retrieved
3956:
3945:. Retrieved
3908:
3902:
3868:
3862:
3816:
3812:
3806:
3794:
3775:
3769:
3748:
3723:
3719:
3713:
3688:
3684:
3648:
3644:
3638:
3619:
3589:
3553:
3547:
3538:
3513:
3492:
3462:(1): 95â97.
3459:
3455:
3449:
3440:
3422:
3416:
3407:
3401:
3392:
3386:
3377:
3371:
3362:
3356:
3347:
3341:
3332:
3326:
3317:
3299:
3293:
3281:
3190:
3186:
3176:
3157:
3151:
3132:
3126:
3118:
3094:
3058:
3053:
3017:
3012:
3004:
3002:
2977:
2967:
2964:
2955:
2946:
2942:
2931:
2930:
2924:
2923:
2920:
2914:
2913:
2907:
2906:
2900:
2899:
2893:
2892:
2887:
2883:
2879:
2875:
2871:
2866:
2858:
2855:
2846:
2841:Sara Ruddick
2833:
2824:
2815:
2811:
2807:
2779:
2747:
2738:
2735:
2728:
2722:
2702:reflectivism
2696:In terms of
2695:
2686:queer theory
2668:
2397:Saudi Arabia
2193:South Africa
2036:Epistemology
2011:Legal theory
1998:
1930:Architecture
1920:Anthropology
1899:
1865:Gynocentrism
1729:War on women
1664:Pro-feminism
1619:Gender-blind
1569:Gender quota
1542:Art movement
1316:Anti-fascist
1250:Dianic Wicca
1129:Postfeminism
1004:Xenofeminism
987:Postcolonial
904:Sex-positive
494:Stephen Walt
409:James Fearon
306:Reflectivism
238:Green theory
232:
5021:Alice Crary
5001:Nancy Bauer
4996:Wendy Brown
4986:Karen Barad
4945:Ecofeminism
4850:Metaphysics
4770:Criminology
4748:Film theory
4728:Archaeology
4622:Yan Xuetong
4497:Hedley Bull
4471:Geopolitics
4418:Rationalism
4301:Realpolitik
3778:. Oup USA.
3535:Jacqui True
3510:Jacqui True
3489:Jacqui True
2402:South Korea
2382:Philippines
2362:New Zealand
2357:Netherlands
2080:Pornography
2058:Metaphysics
1972:Criminology
1950:Film theory
1925:Archaeology
1604:Women's Day
1401:Libertarian
1343:Ecofeminism
1260:Ecofeminist
1141:Reactionary
1134:Neofeminism
1075:Multiracial
980:Ecofeminist
975:Materialist
818:Switzerland
798:New Zealand
509:Yan Xuetong
384:Hedley Bull
356:Geopolitics
301:Rationalism
180:Realpolitik
5137:Categories
5066:bell hooks
4877:Psychology
4830:Empiricism
4825:Aesthetics
4820:Philosophy
4636:Categories
4627:Qin Yaqing
4582:Joseph Nye
4502:E. H. Carr
4276:Neorealism
4187:Liberalism
3968:2021-02-05
3947:2021-02-05
3045:References
2837:Carol Cohn
2799:World Bank
2743:Carol Cohn
2598:Categories
2500:Literature
2210:Bangladesh
2085:Psychology
2031:Empiricism
2026:Aesthetics
2021:Philosophy
1895:Patriarchy
1880:Matriarchy
1600:Girl's Day
1574:Girl power
1547:In hip hop
1470:Literature
1433:Separatist
1411:Postmodern
1377:Difference
1311:Analytical
1255:Reclaiming
1063:Indigenous
968:Standpoint
897:Separatist
749:by country
526:Categories
514:Qin Yaqing
469:Joseph Nye
389:E. H. Carr
155:Neorealism
63:Liberalism
4887:Sociology
4790:Geography
4780:Economics
4013:143817068
3911:: 37â48.
3841:143761485
3833:0020-8183
3740:146142663
3720:Sex Roles
3705:145315805
3665:145315805
3215:145650808
3207:0305-8298
2762:diplomacy
2488:Feminists
2300:Argentina
2260:Indonesia
2250:Hong Kong
2205:Australia
2112:Sociology
1994:Geography
1984:Economics
1875:Male gaze
1870:Kyriarchy
1336:Networked
1218:Christian
953:Jineology
941:Anarchist
931:Socialist
811:Francoist
763:Australia
709:Timelines
4902:Womanist
4897:Theology
4882:Sexology
4815:Pedagogy
4480:Scholars
4352:Feminism
4195:Idealism
3023:See also
2952:Critique
2801:and the
2782:Cold War
2760:, wars,
2754:security
2741:(1988),
2670:Feminism
2483:Articles
2422:Thailand
2377:Pakistan
2347:Malaysia
2330:Paraguay
2320:Honduras
2168:Ethiopia
2122:Theology
2107:Sexology
2102:Sex wars
2016:Pedagogy
1769:Outlooks
1649:Misogyny
1517:Femicide
1502:Equality
1458:Concepts
1423:Cultural
1382:Equality
1363:Stiletto
1358:Lipstick
1282:Orthodox
1245:Neopagan
1233:Womanist
1213:Buddhist
1161:Embedded
1156:Imperial
1151:Carceral
1124:Maternal
1085:Womanism
773:Colombia
660:Canadian
650:American
607:Feminism
599:a series
597:Part of
368:Scholars
233:Feminism
70:Idealism
4855:Science
4795:History
4760:Biology
4258:Realism
4225:Marxism
4062:excerpt
4060:(2007)
2772:(IPE).
2766:economy
2437:Ukraine
2432:Vietnam
2342:Lebanon
2240:Germany
2230:Finland
2225:Denmark
2200:Albania
2188:Senegal
2183:Nigeria
2090:Therapy
2063:science
1962:Biology
1418:Radical
1372:Liberal
1348:Eugenic
1272:Islamic
1208:Atheist
1056:Lesbian
1051:Chicana
1044:Ratchet
1039:Lesbian
1034:Hip hop
958:Marxist
882:Lesbian
758:Austria
655:British
624:History
138:Realism
103:Marxism
4840:Ethics
4102:online
4090:
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4035:online
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2999:Canada
2878:, and
2758:states
2716:, and
2674:gender
2427:Turkey
2417:Taiwan
2407:Sweden
2392:Russia
2387:Poland
2372:Norway
2325:Mexico
2305:Brazil
2280:Israel
2245:Greece
2235:France
2215:Canada
2153:Africa
2041:Ethics
1838:Theory
1679:Racism
1387:Social
1277:Jewish
1223:Mormon
1181:Victim
1114:Equity
1080:Romani
992:Global
845:states
802:Spain
788:Kuwait
768:Canada
700:Fourth
690:Second
665:German
5115:Lists
4907:Asian
4009:S2CID
3942:(PDF)
3837:S2CID
3736:S2CID
3701:S2CID
3661:S2CID
3211:S2CID
2739:Signs
2474:Lists
2412:Syria
2352:Nepal
2315:Haiti
2310:Chile
2290:Japan
2285:Italy
2255:India
2220:China
2173:Ghana
2163:Egypt
1639:Media
1392:Labor
1267:Hindu
1238:Asian
1186:White
1146:State
1029:Black
946:Queer
833:Wales
783:Japan
778:India
695:Third
685:First
676:Waves
4785:FPDA
4088:ISBN
3829:ISSN
3780:ISBN
3624:ISBN
3594:ISBN
3566:ISBN
3203:ISSN
3162:ISBN
3137:ISBN
3065:ISBN
2886:and
2874:,
2839:and
2270:Iraq
2265:Iran
2178:Mali
1989:FDPA
1602:and
1289:Sikh
4738:Art
4001:doi
3913:doi
3873:doi
3821:doi
3728:doi
3693:doi
3653:doi
3558:doi
3464:doi
3195:doi
2750:war
2727:'s
1935:Art
1331:HCI
1228:New
1172:or
877:Fat
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