504:. The Fenno–Skan 2 cable is connected to the converter station by a 70 kilometres (43 mi) long DC overhead line. The pylons of this line are "classic HVDC pylons" with a single crossbar carrying two conductors, which consist of a bundle of three or four ropes, on 5.5 metres (18 ft) long insulators, on the Finnish side. On the Swedish side, the towers carry the pole conductor (long insulators) and the neutral conductor (short insulators) from Finnböle to the Dannebo (Fenno-Skan 1) converter station.
392:
3736:
3764:
3750:
460:
The ground electrode in
Finland is situated near Rantala. From there an overhead electrode line on wooden poles runs first in Northeast, than in Northern direction until Ruokalho, where it meets the overhead line with two high voltage conductors. From Ruokalho to Rauma static inverter plant the
547:. This is the only crossing of an HVDC powerline and a single-phase AC powerline in the world and the only place where all kinds of electric transmission systems, three phase AC powerline, single phase AC powerline and HVDC come close together.
395:
Fenno-Skan HVDC power line, running over Turku-Pori route in
Finland. Unlike in 3-phase AC power transfer, only two wires instead of three are required (in addition to the lightning protection wires, which on the Finnish side serve as electrode
405:
Fenno–Skan was inaugurated in 1989. Taken into commercial operation in
November 1989, Fenno–Skan was the longest submarine power cable in the world. It was also the first HVDC cable with 400 kV voltage and a rated power of 500 MW.
461:
electrode line is fixed on a small crossbar above the high voltage conductors of Fenno–Skan and serves as ground conductor. In opposite to a normal ground conductor it is mounted on insulators equipped with surge arrestors.
449:
from the static inverter plant to the ground electrode situated at 60°35'51"N 17°57'46"E is built as overhead line. It is a line with two conductors on wooden poles, which runs partly on its course past another powerline.
510:
553:
In
February 2012 a German ship laid anchor on top of the cable, damaging it. The cost to Finnish consumer and industry in the following two months in higher electricity prices was estimated to be 80 million €.
4122:
100:
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762:
716:
140:
670:
488:
Fenno–Skan 2 is the second cable of the
Finland–Sweden submarine power connection. 800 MW, 500 kV subsea transmission connection was laid in 2011 by the cable laying ship SC
854:
60:
507:
Fenno–Skan 2 crosses the traction current power line Tierp-Gävle and the parallel-running three phase 220 kV AC powerline
Mehedeby-Gävle west of Mehedeby approximately at
624:
578:
180:
418:
system with a maximum transmission rate of 550 megawatts (MW) at a voltage of 400 kV. It would be converted to become a bipole. The cable was manufactured part by
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section from the coast in
Finland at 61°4'37" N, 21°18'18" E to the static inverter station in Rauma, situated at 61°9′7″N 21°37′32″E.
1362:
3865:
4152:
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53:
4093:
https://web.archive.org/web/20110720015135/http://www.fingrid.fi/uploads/ConstructionSiteMap/attachments/fenno-skan_fin.pdf
3932:
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500:. Two converter stations were supplied by ABB. Compare with Fenno–Skan 1, the Swedish converter station is located in
470:
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415:
4103:
https://web.archive.org/web/20051115122606/http://www.transmission.bpa.gov/cigresc14/Compendium/Fenno%20Pictures.pdf
4088:
https://web.archive.org/web/20070221180533/http://www.fingrid.fi/uploads/ConstructionSiteMap/attachments/esite.pdf
4005:
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429:
The total length of Fenno–Skan is 233 kilometres (145 mi), of which 200 kilometres (120 mi) is a
3907:
4098:
https://web.archive.org/web/20051115122606/http://www.transmission.bpa.gov/cigresc14/Compendium/FENNO.htm
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about 1 kilometre (0.62 mi) from the coast at 60°24'16"N 18°8'4"E. However, the
4060:
4006:"Fenno-Skan-yhteyden hajoaminen nostaa Suomen hinnan Pohjoismaiden korkeimmaksi"
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260:
42:
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245:
46:
390:
369:
314:
492:, and it cost €150 million. The cable was manufactured by
4024:"80 miljoonan euron ankkurointimoka – ja suomalaiset maksavat"
538:
Fenno-Skan 2 crosses traction current power line Tierp-Gävle
550:
Fenno–Skan 2 became fully operational on 16 December 2011.
437:. At the Swedish end the cable directly enters the Dannebo
16:
Swedish-Finnish high voltage direct current transmission
4123:
Electrical interconnectors to and from the Nordic grid
352:
344:
336:
328:
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310:
302:
297:
289:
275:
270:
256:
251:
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230:
220:
52:
38:
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21:
469:Fenno–Skan is operated by the Finnish and Swedish
3788:List of high-voltage transmission links in Sweden
3984:"Cable failure on Fenno-Skan 2 interconnection"
3933:"Nexans wins 150 mln euro power cable contract"
8:
3866:"ABB in Baltic power link deal, shares rise"
757:Lautakari Electrode Line Terminal (Finland)
453:There is a 33 kilometres (21 mi) long
3859:
3857:
3855:
3853:
561:
790:Rantala Electrode Line Terminal (Finland)
4138:Electric power infrastructure in Finland
836:Ruokalho Electrode Line Branch (Finland)
803:Ruokalho Electrode Line Branch (Finland)
168:Hallen Electrode Line Terminal ( Sweden)
4143:Electric power infrastructure in Sweden
4128:Energy infrastructure completed in 1989
3959:"Fenno–Skan 2 Cable Link Ready for Use"
3811:
698:Hallen Electrode Line Terminal (Sweden)
665:Hallen Electrode Line Terminal (Sweden)
18:
3963:Transmission & Distribution World
3823:
3821:
3819:
3817:
3815:
324:233 + 300 km (145 + 186 mi)
7:
3801:, cable between Lithuania and Poland
128:Tiirojärvi Cable Terminal ( Finland)
3990:. February 18, 2012. Archived from
3795:, cable between Estonia and Finland
744:Tiirojärvi Cable Terminal (Finland)
711:Rihtniemi Cable Terminal (Finland)
14:
4148:Connections across the Baltic Sea
4012:(in Finnish). February 19, 2012.
3762:
3748:
3734:
882:Rauma HVDC Static Inverter Plant
849:Rauma HVDC Static Inverter Plant
88:Rauma HVDC Static Inverter Plant
3965:. Penton Media, Inc. 2012-01-01
3931:Marcel Michelson (2008-03-19).
563:
276:Manufacturer of conductor/cable
4163:1989 establishments in Finland
443:Forsmark nuclear power station
353:
1:
4168:1989 establishments in Sweden
4108:Overhead line of Fenno-Skan 2
4030:(in Finnish). April 17, 2012.
606:Finnbole HVDC Static Inverter
573:Finnböle HVDC Static Inverter
471:transmission system operators
652:Dannebo HVDC Static Inverter
619:Dannebo HVDC Static Inverter
208:Dannebo HVDC Static Inverter
4076:GPX (secondary coordinates)
3864:Sven Egenter (2008-05-13).
1746:Underground cable in Sweden
370:high voltage direct current
4184:
368:is the designation of the
4071:GPX (primary coordinates)
4046:Map all coordinates using
3678:61.0286414°N 21.4064527°E
3646:61.0239847°N 21.4090598°E
3614:61.0183085°N 21.4075309°E
3550:61.0045713°N 21.3989747°E
3486:61.0033127°N 21.3911051°E
3454:61.0005951°N 21.3837451°E
3422:60.9963271°N 21.3677269°E
3399:Electrode line in Finland
3383:61.1514982°N 21.6243339°E
3319:61.1377461°N 21.6437531°E
3287:61.1288061°N 21.6654038°E
3255:61.1181432°N 21.6817975°E
3223:61.1091044°N 21.6894794°E
3191:61.0884878°N 21.7033195°E
3159:61.0869524°N 21.7003584°E
3127:61.0822421°N 21.6895866°E
3063:61.0734628°N 21.6713905°E
3031:61.0692695°N 21.6489029°E
2999:61.0688543°N 21.6401911°E
2967:61.0694979°N 21.6239691°E
2935:61.0715635°N 21.5927911°E
2903:61.0717399°N 21.5857959°E
2871:61.0705878°N 21.5724921°E
2839:61.0692903°N 21.5652609°E
2743:61.0624178°N 21.5422797°E
2711:61.0609539°N 21.5301776°E
2679:61.0568316°N 21.5185046°E
2647:61.0528853°N 21.5024328°E
2583:61.0470273°N 21.4859426°E
2519:61.0437993°N 21.4744788°E
2487:61.0428071°N 21.4682776°E
2455:61.0409761°N 21.4390844°E
2423:61.0423526°N 21.3911211°E
2391:61.0494917°N 21.3738155°E
2359:61.0527711°N 21.3615686°E
2327:61.0610603°N 21.3418329°E
2263:61.0737015°N 21.3093835°E
2231:61.0755697°N 21.3062346°E
2199:61.0768721°N 21.3048828°E
2160:60.5976721°N 17.9628074°E
2128:60.5947039°N 17.9637194°E
2096:60.5784621°N 17.9619867°E
2032:60.5381268°N 17.9347837°E
2000:60.4997462°N 17.9313505°E
1872:60.4041465°N 18.1337285°E
1833:60.4121254°N 18.1620955°E
1801:60.4046234°N 18.1338787°E
1769:60.4044008°N 18.1339216°E
1666:60.3769982°N 18.0662833°E
26:
4158:Finland–Sweden relations
4054:Download coordinates as:
3710:61.0418826°N 21.408239°E
3518:61.004254°N 21.3982773°E
3351:61.145151°N 21.6315651°E
3095:61.075497°N 21.6773558°E
2775:61.065439°N 21.5552831°E
2615:61.0510574°N 21.496489°E
2551:61.0418826°N 21.408239°E
2295:61.0647694°N 21.327585°E
2176:Overhead line in Finland
2064:60.569417°N 17.9590416°E
1968:60.4787149°N 17.944783°E
1936:60.4380038°N 17.963537°E
1904:60.4037756°N 18.121047°E
1849:Electrode line in Sweden
271:Construction information
4153:HVDC transmission lines
2807:61.0676813°N 21.56039°E
4133:Submarine power cables
3897:"Fenno-Skan HVDC link"
3683:61.0286414; 21.4064527
3651:61.0239847; 21.4090598
3619:61.0183085; 21.4075309
3582:61.01351°N 21.402483°E
3555:61.0045713; 21.3989747
3491:61.0033127; 21.3911051
3459:61.0005951; 21.3837451
3427:60.9963271; 21.3677269
3388:61.1514982; 21.6243339
3324:61.1377461; 21.6437531
3292:61.1288061; 21.6654038
3260:61.1181432; 21.6817975
3228:61.1091044; 21.6894794
3196:61.0884878; 21.7033195
3164:61.0869524; 21.7003584
3132:61.0822421; 21.6895866
3068:61.0734628; 21.6713905
3036:61.0692695; 21.6489029
3004:61.0688543; 21.6401911
2972:61.0694979; 21.6239691
2940:61.0715635; 21.5927911
2908:61.0717399; 21.5857959
2876:61.0705878; 21.5724921
2844:61.0692903; 21.5652609
2748:61.0624178; 21.5422797
2716:61.0609539; 21.5301776
2684:61.0568316; 21.5185046
2652:61.0528853; 21.5024328
2588:61.0470273; 21.4859426
2524:61.0437993; 21.4744788
2492:61.0428071; 21.4682776
2460:61.0409761; 21.4390844
2428:61.0423526; 21.3911211
2396:61.0494917; 21.3738155
2364:61.0527711; 21.3615686
2332:61.0610603; 21.3418329
2268:61.0737015; 21.3093835
2236:61.0755697; 21.3062346
2204:61.0768721; 21.3048828
2165:60.5976721; 17.9628074
2133:60.5947039; 17.9637194
2101:60.5784621; 17.9619867
2037:60.5381268; 17.9347837
2005:60.4997462; 17.9313505
1877:60.4041465; 18.1337285
1838:60.4121254; 18.1620955
1806:60.4046234; 18.1338787
1774:60.4044008; 18.1339216
1671:60.3769982; 18.0662833
907:Fenno–Skan 2 in Sweden
527:60.479222°N 17.23639°E
397:
28:Location of Fenno–Skan
4066:GPX (all coordinates)
3715:61.0418826; 21.408239
3523:61.004254; 21.3982773
3356:61.145151; 21.6315651
3100:61.075497; 21.6773558
2780:61.065439; 21.5552831
2620:61.0510574; 21.496489
2556:61.0418826; 21.408239
2300:61.0647694; 21.327585
2069:60.569417; 17.9590416
1973:60.4787149; 17.944783
1941:60.4380038; 17.963537
1909:60.4037756; 18.121047
1730:60.39733°N 18.14553°E
1634:60.37811°N 18.05062°E
1602:60.38345°N 17.93076°E
1570:60.39558°N 17.84802°E
1538:60.39715°N 17.75738°E
1474:60.40409°N 17.67745°E
1314:60.47102°N 17.38863°E
1282:60.49675°N 17.30326°E
1218:60.49814°N 17.25552°E
1186:60.46427°N 17.22127°E
1154:60.46112°N 17.20498°E
1122:60.45505°N 17.19982°E
1058:60.43834°N 17.19734°E
994:60.42808°N 17.07458°E
930:60.42641°N 17.06308°E
871:61.15194°N 21.62556°E
825:61.04194°N 21.40833°E
779:60.99639°N 21.36778°E
733:61.07667°N 21.30472°E
687:60.59750°N 17.96278°E
641:60.40389°N 18.13611°E
595:60.42500°N 17.06167°E
439:static inverter plant
433:on the bottom of the
394:
372:transmission between
298:Technical information
252:Ownership information
197:60.40389°N 18.13611°E
157:60.59750°N 17.96278°E
117:61.07667°N 21.30472°E
77:61.15194°N 21.62556°E
2812:61.0676813; 21.56039
1698:60.37181°N 18.0819°E
1506:60.40033°N 17.7271°E
1442:60.42314°N 17.5961°E
1410:60.43392°N 17.5582°E
1346:60.4608°N 17.41285°E
1250:60.50465°N 17.2808°E
1090:60.4468°N 17.19749°E
1026:60.43771°N 17.1862°E
962:60.42737°N 17.0737°E
414:The Fenno–Skan is a
3878:on February 1, 2013
3706: /
3674: /
3642: /
3610: /
3587:61.01351; 21.402483
3578: /
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1378:60.458°N 17.42207°E
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532:60.479222; 17.23639
522: /
496:Norwegian plant in
192: /
152: /
112: /
72: /
1735:60.39733; 18.14553
1639:60.37811; 18.05062
1607:60.38345; 17.93076
1575:60.39558; 17.84802
1543:60.39715; 17.75738
1479:60.40409; 17.67745
1319:60.47102; 17.38863
1287:60.49675; 17.30326
1223:60.49814; 17.25552
1191:60.46427; 17.22127
1159:60.46112; 17.20498
1127:60.45505; 17.19982
1063:60.43834; 17.19734
999:60.42808; 17.07458
935:60.42641; 17.06308
876:61.15194; 21.62556
830:61.04194; 21.40833
784:60.99639; 21.36778
738:61.07667; 21.30472
692:60.59750; 17.96278
646:60.40389; 18.13611
600:60.42500; 17.06167
398:
202:60.40389; 18.13611
162:60.59750; 17.96278
122:61.07667; 21.30472
82:61.15194; 21.62556
3994:on July 30, 2012.
3778:Energy in Finland
1703:60.37181; 18.0819
1511:60.40033; 17.7271
1447:60.42314; 17.5961
1415:60.43392; 17.5582
1351:60.4608; 17.41285
1255:60.50465; 17.2808
1095:60.4468; 17.19749
1031:60.43771; 17.1862
967:60.42737; 17.0737
902:List of waypoints
894:
893:
363:
362:
4175:
4032:
4031:
4020:
4014:
4013:
4002:
3996:
3995:
3980:
3974:
3973:
3971:
3970:
3955:
3949:
3948:
3946:
3945:
3928:
3922:
3921:
3919:
3918:
3912:
3906:. Archived from
3901:
3893:
3887:
3886:
3884:
3883:
3874:. Archived from
3861:
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3839:on April 5, 2011
3835:. Archived from
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478:Svenska Kraftnät
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3876:the original
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3837:the original
3829:"Fenno-Skan"
568:Coordinates
552:
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514:60°28′45.2″N
506:
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484:Fenno–Skan 2
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329:Power rating
321:Total length
306:subsea cable
290:Commissioned
4028:Talouselämä
4010:Sähkölamppu
3799:LitPol Link
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410:Description
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54:Coordinates
4117:Categories
3969:2012-02-01
3944:2008-04-20
3917:2009-02-08
3882:2009-02-08
3843:2009-10-01
3806:References
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1497:17°43′38″E
1494:60°24′01″N
1465:17°40′39″E
1462:60°24′15″N
1433:17°35′46″E
1430:60°25′23″N
1401:17°33′30″E
1398:60°26′02″N
1369:17°25′19″E
1366:60°27′29″N
1337:17°24′46″E
1334:60°27′39″N
1305:17°23′19″E
1302:60°28′16″N
1273:17°18′12″E
1270:60°29′48″N
1241:17°16′51″E
1238:60°30′17″N
1209:17°15′20″E
1206:60°29′53″N
1177:17°13′17″E
1174:60°27′51″N
1145:17°12′18″E
1142:60°27′40″N
1113:17°11′59″E
1110:60°27′18″N
1081:17°11′51″E
1078:60°26′48″N
1049:17°11′50″E
1046:60°26′18″N
1017:17°11′10″E
1014:60°26′16″N
985:17°04′28″E
982:60°25′41″N
953:17°04′25″E
950:60°25′39″N
921:17°03′47″E
918:60°25′35″N
880: (
861:21°37′32″E
858:61°09′07″N
834: (
815:21°24′30″E
812:61°02′31″N
788: (
766:60°59′47″N
742: (
723:21°18′17″E
720:61°04′36″N
696: (
677:17°57′46″E
674:60°35′51″N
650: (
631:18°08′10″E
628:60°24′14″N
604: (
582:60°25′30″N
536: (
517:17°14′11″E
366:Fenno–Skan
345:DC voltage
337:AC voltage
206: (
187:18°08′10″E
184:60°24′14″N
166: (
147:17°57′46″E
144:60°35′51″N
126: (
107:21°18′17″E
104:61°04′36″N
86: (
67:21°37′32″E
64:61°09′07″N
22:Fenno–Skan
897:Waypoints
769:21°22′4″E
585:17°3′42″E
490:Skagerrak
465:Operators
441:near the
416:monopolar
293:1989/2011
244:Dannebo,
3728:See also
502:Finnböle
356:of poles
257:Operator
34:Location
3988:Fingrid
3938:Reuters
3904:Fingrid
3871:Reuters
3793:Estlink
474:Fingrid
401:History
386:Finland
374:Dannebo
261:Fingrid
43:Finland
39:Country
498:Halden
494:Nexans
424:Nexans
396:line).
378:Sweden
340:400 kV
284:Nexans
246:Sweden
47:Sweden
3911:(PDF)
3900:(PDF)
565:Site
558:Sites
382:Rauma
476:and
380:and
315:HVDC
303:Type
221:From
4061:KML
3833:ABB
420:ABB
384:in
376:in
354:No.
280:ABB
4119::
4026:.
4008:.
3986:.
3961:.
3935:.
3902:.
3868:.
3852:^
3831:.
3814:^
480:.
426:.
388:.
263:,
241:To
45:,
3972:.
3947:.
3920:.
3885:.
3846:.
884:)
838:)
792:)
746:)
700:)
654:)
608:)
540:)
359:2
282:/
210:)
170:)
130:)
90:)
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