870:
1277:), of a similar size to the intermediate forts. The ring was reinforced by 43 shelters for infantry, ammunition and artillery, mostly in the north between Forts IV and VIII. South of Fort III a weir was built on the Cybina. A peacetime powder store was built on the Warsaw road near Fort IIIa, as well as two new shooting ranges near Forts IIIa and VII. At the same time all main forts and the three oldest intermediate forts underwent modernization. The work required an increase in the size of the Poznań garrison, which led to the building of a barracks complex in the area of today's
1154:
763:
31:
890:
217:, who approved it in principle, asking Rauch to make some improvements. These were agreed on 18 June 1828 by a committee of officers headed by Rauch, and then supplemented by Rauch himself (it was due to Rauch that Grolman's proposed additional line in front of the main defences was excluded from the plans). The king gave his final approval on 14 August 1828, ordering Hake to begin construction with the Winiary fort and the weirs on the Warta and on the
423:
434:
1340:
234:
2168:
1298:
2176:
1455:
1439:
3138:
1463:
1431:
1423:
1415:
1329:
1318:
1306:
43:
1254:– was introduced in 1886 by France and 1888 by Germany. As a consequence, the commission worked from 1885 to 1887 on strengthening the Prussian fort system. The conclusion was that the artillery had to be more distributed rather than being concentrated in forts, and the forts themselves were to be defended from attack from all sides, serving as strong points of infantry resistance, largely using
304:
1289:
sections, ten for infantry, three for artillery and three for ammunition. Other modernization work also took place, completed around 1907. With rising political tensions, a decree of 15 May 1913 ordered the construction of new forts to create a wider ring, but this never occurred. However over a hundred shelters of various types were built around existing forts.
1574:
Rusa. Finally on 30 January 1923 the military authorities agreed to the general demolition of the inner fortifications, which mostly took place between 1924 and 1927. Fort
Winiary survived, as did the gunneries at Reduta Marcinkowskiego (formerly Sw. Rocha), Reduta Radziwiłła and Reduta Reformatów, as well as Reduta Czecha, and Kalisz Gate (left as a monument).
832:, a lunette some way north of the cathedral, built in the 1830s. In 1836 an embankment was made in front, also shielding a new access road. In the early 1870s the river's eastern branch (Cybina) was made to take a more northerly course, placing Fort Steinäcker on Ostrów Tumski. The fort was reinforced in 1910. After World War I it was renamed
167:, its fortification would show that Prussia had no intention of giving up those lands, and would defeat the "continuous intrigues and plotting" on the part of the Poles. A preliminary plan sketched by Grolman on 9 July 1817 provided for fortification of Winiary Hill north of the city, as well as the area of St. Kazimierz's Church in
1447:
1288:
A further change in concept was laid down in a decree of 23 January 1900. Festung Posen was again placed in the highest category, this time of "large fortresses". It needed to be strengthened following the removal of the inner ring on the left bank. New shelters were built in the southern and eastern
1573:
On 27 January 1921 unemployed demobilized soldiers were assigned to continue demolition of Reduta św. Rocha and Reduta
Reformatów, aiming to leave only the stone foundations of the slopes, prepared for possible re-use. In July 1921 demolition began of the Cathedral Fort and the embankments of Reduta
1566:
The new Polish authorities continued the demolition of the inner fortifications. In 1919 demolition began of the Great Lock and
Cathedral Lock, and in 1920 that of the Fort Rauch embankments and the fortifications leading to the Bydgoszcz Gate, and preparations were made for the demolition of Forts
1228:
valleys were filled with intermediate forts (Forts IVa and IXa in the Warta valley, and VIa between the
Bogdanka and Wierzbak). The easternmost Fort III, quite distant from the others, was reinforced by three permanent artillery batteries. All the forts were to be connected by a road network, based
1203:
Decrees of 24 June 1872 and 29 May 1873 laid down plans for fortifications in the Empire and permitted the confiscation of land for that purpose. A preliminary plan was completed on 1 June 1873, containing 8 main forts and 3 intermediate forts. This was presented to the
Commission by a decree of 31
1577:
The outer forts were generally left unchanged (apart from the undoing of certain work carried out during the war) and continued to form the basis for the city's defence plans. However they were not kept battle-ready, and some were left unattended, where they were used by locals for storage or even
1261:
A decree of 10 December 1888 ordered a review of the fortification system, leading to a decree of 9 May 1889, in which
Festung Posen was one of the 17 fort systems "of the highest importance" designated for modernization. A decree of 13 May 1887 had already provided for expansion of the fortified
1173:
showed the concept of a tight ring of fortifications to be outdated, as it could be broken relatively easily by modern artillery. The ring was also weakened by the need for railway lines to pass through it. This led the
Engineering Committee of the Chief Inspectorate of Forts to consider, in the
860:("Great Lock"), a weir also serving as a bridge, built on the main branch of the Warta in 1829–1832, just to the east of Fort Winiary. Later the weir gate was widened to allow larger ships to sail into the city. The weir was demolished after World War I, but the bridgeheads can still be seen.
1581:
In the late 1920s and early 1930s the city negotiated with the military to have building restrictions around the outer forts lifted, which was done, although a proposal to transfer the forts to the city for civil defence, and move the military line of defence further out (as the
Germans had
142:
in 1793. Its medieval city walls were obsolete by that time, and were mostly taken down in the early 19th century to facilitate the city's growth. The
Prussian authorities first made plans to build new fortifications in December 1815. The city lay on the shortest route from the border with
1236:). Work then began with the forts on the Berlin road, to make up for the weakening of the inner ring caused by the new railway station. Next the southern and eastern forts were built. The northern Forts V and VI, were built last, and were modified by the addition of a second embankment.
1527:
from the city in compensation for the land, finally reduced to 12 million (the city's total budget in 1898 was 3.77 million marks). The amount was eventually paid to the army by the central government, which became the owner of the land. Demolition was confirmed by a decree of
Emperor
397:
Later alterations to the central ring of fortifications mainly resulted from the introduction of new types of armaments and ammunition, and the building of railway and tram lines. In 1869–1872 the north-eastern fortifications were rebuilt to allow the building of a railway to
409:
By the 1890s the outer ring of forts had been built around the perimeter of the city, and much of the inner ring began to be demolished (see below). However the main forts remained in use. In 1910 reinforcement work took place at Fort Winiary, Fort Steinäcker and Cavalier
1410:), on ul. Głazowa. Was fully roofed to provide a large storage area. Survives in good condition, partly used industrially (also contains a disused police car-park). The hills in the park around it are used by cyclists and other recreational vehicle drivers.
1549:
Demolition of the left-bank inner fortifications ended in 1912. There remained only the redoubt of Bastion III Grolman and a blockhouse at Bastion IV Colomb. Fort Winiary, and the fortifications of Ostrów Tumski and the right bank, also remained.
1229:
on a circular road a few hundred metres behind the forts, and radial roads leading to the inner ring. Large shooting ranges were built at Komandoria and Główna in the north-east of the city, and two training grounds at Górczyn and Karolin.
402:(Thorn). Powder stores were built and strengthened; in 1873–1874 the embankments around powder stores were widened. In 1875–1877 wooden bridges were mostly replaced with steel, and the gates in the fortifications were also strengthened.
1204:
March 1874; the Commission completed its work on the plan on 7 April 1874, and it was approved by the War Ministry in a decree of 17 November 1874. The final plans were approved 24 February 1876, providing for 9 main forts (designed by
1219:
The main forts were built in a ring of diameter 9.5 km at regular intervals of 3–4 km, forming a defensive line about 30 kilometres (19 mi) long, located 2.0–4.5 km from the inner ring. Gaps in the ring at the
92:
park). Construction of these fortifications began in 1828. Later, beginning in 1876, an outer defensive ring was built around the perimeter of the city, consisting chiefly of a series of "forts", which mostly still survive.
201:, then working in the War Ministry's engineering section, was instructed to prepare a detailed plan. The result, dated 23 March 1828, included the large fort on Winiary Hill, fortifications on the cathedral island (
482:) stream which flowed eastwards towards the Warta (this part of the stream is now combined with the Bogdanka and flows in underground drainage pipes). The weir was connected to the western end of Fort Winiary's
299:
were built south of Fort Winiary. Work also proceeded on the right bank, where there were to be two forts connected by embankments. The northern embankment, containing Bydgoszcz Gate, was completed in 1839.
1562:
the German forces largely stayed in their barracks or took refuge in the forts. The forts were generally taken over by Polish forces by negotiation, sometimes preceded by exchange of fire or brief combat.
194:). Planning continued, however: in 1823 Grolman proposed a line of defences surrounding the left-bank (main) portion of the city, with additional fortifications 500–1000 metres in front of the main line.
897:
Gates had to be built to allow access into and out of the area enclosed by the ring of fortifications. The following four gates, in the northerly parts of the fortifications, were built in the 1830s:
311:
On 16 March 1839 the king ordered a renewal of work on the fortifications, which had been suspended. Brese produced working plans on 1 February 1840, and the king approved an annual budget of 300,000
1532:
dated 3 September 1902. The names which had been given to elements of the inner fortifications were transferred to forts in the new outer ring, although some of the forts received new names.
1498:, now lies south of Osiedle Bolesława Chrobrego. Damaged when stormed by Russian troops in February 1945. Main water tank survived until recently, though has been taken illegally for scrap.
2600:
1193:. A further decree of 24 June 1872 reduced the number of fortress cities to 49. Festung Posen was among 17 strongholds which were to be modernized so as to be able to withstand a siege.
3201:
1368:
Fort IV (Hake). Built 1878–1882. Lies in Karolin, on ul. Bałtycka. Was on the site of an ammunitions factory during World War II, after which it was demolished. Some fragments remain.
315:. Work began again in March 1840, under a new director, Reichel (replaced by Lange in the 1850s). Bastions III and V were first to be built. Work was interrupted in 1848 due to the
1270:, and work in Poznań began the same year. Over a few years the intermediate forts Ia, IIa, IIIa, Va, VIIa and VIIIa were built, completed in 1896 according to official records.
926:), between the Little Lock and the cemeteries on the south-western slope of Fort Winiary (where the military cemeteries are situated today). The gate gave access to the road to
727:("Cybina Lock"), on the Cybina by Cavalier Aster. The southern gate was filled in after World War II, but the northern one remains in use (it has been extended). It lies under
2245:
657:, within Cavalier I, an overfall weir on the branch of the river west of Grobla. It regulated the water level in that branch and in the moat of the southern fortifications.
2579:
2463:
1693:, and Fort Winiary was the defenders' last point of resistance, the reduit incurring significant damage. After the war the site of Fort Winiary was converted into the
1174:
1860s, the possibility of modernization. It was decided to build an outer ring of artillery forts, spaced at 2–6 km, and 6 km from the existing inner ring.
291:
to the north. On 1 October 1834 Festung Posen was classified as a "Fortress Second Class", and completed parts of the fortifications were armed. Around 1837–1838 the
2531:
1365:
Fort III (Gröber). Built 1877–1881. Lies within the New Zoo. Barracks were to be converted into a dolphinarium; the roof was removed, but the project not completed.
822:
after World War I, built in the late 1850s at the southern end of Ostrów Tumski. It had a moat (completed in 1862). The fort survived the demolitions of the 1920s.
1570:
Names of elements of the fortifications were changed or replaced with existing Polish equivalents, while the outer forts returned to their numbering as pre-1902.
2536:
1535:
Even before the official decision some demolition work had begun, including the replacement of Cemetery Gate by a blockhouse by the new railway in 1889–1894.
3098:
1618:
1273:
Thus a regular ring was formed, with alternating main and intermediate forts, spaced at around 2 km. Between Forts VIa and VII was a permanent battery (
1055:("Warta Gate"), on the right bank close to Fort Rauch, giving access from outside the fortifications to the Berdychowo neighbourhood and the ferry to Grobla.
249:. In May, he and five subordinate officers began marking out the outline of the first fortifications – the defensive barracks of the Winiary fort (later the
371:
Around 1850 it was decided to make an independent fortress on Ostrów Tumski. Canals were built east and west of the island, partly for flood prevention (
272:
weir was built on the Warta. In October 1832 the main stream of the Warta was moved westwards, the former stream being closed off with an overfall weir (
3221:
2859:
2855:
2851:
2307:
2871:
2521:
2431:
3108:
3196:
1484:
Fort IIIa (Prittwitz). Built 1887–1890 in Miłostowo. Steel shutters survive (of a kind not used in other forts). Adapted for use as a crematorium.
3157:
1487:
Fort IVa (Waldersee II). Built 1878–1881 at Wilczy Młyn, now on ul. Lechicka. Damaged in World War II, later partially demolished. Maintained by
1189:, King Wilhelm issued a decree on 5 November 1871 ordering the commission to prepare plans for necessary changes to fortifications in the united
3216:
2526:
1559:
1196:
Preparations for new building had begun in 1869, resulting in two preliminary plans. One provided for 11 main forts and 8 intermediate forts (
784:). The lock was demolished after World War I, but the west bridgehead survives (on the eastern edge of Ostrów Tumski, close to the cathedral).
2426:
1749:
1638:
3206:
2846:
2641:
2024:
1510:
Fort IXa (Witzleben). Built 1877–1880 in Dębiec. Partly demolished in 1941 during building of a railway. Most of the outer fence survives.
1162:
1239:
Each fort took about four years to build, the last (Fort V) being completed in 1886. The circular road was completed in the same period.
2866:
2312:
2007:
869:
790:("North Cathedral Cavalier"), completed in 1832, north of the cathedral. In 1861 a powder store was built, with a capacity of 51 tonnes.
257:
and in the south-western part of the main defensive line. Work was carried out by the 5th Pioneers Division, re-stationed from Glogau (
3083:
2421:
2292:
1777:
1763:
1741:
1727:
3010:
2444:
2436:
1388:(Colomb). Built 1876–1880 (modernized 1887–1888). Lies on Al. Polska in the Ogrody district. During World War II it was the first
1216:
for the project (the fifth largest amount granted for fort modernization). French prisoners-of-war were also used as free labour.
2790:
2370:
1182:
685:) after World War I. It guarded the southern end of the right-bank fortifications, close to today's St. Roch bridge. There was a
214:
2991:
1375:. Moats were roofed in World War II and used as ammunition stores (later filled in). Front caponier and other fragments survive.
323:". Later Bastions IV, VI, II and I were constructed, and in 1860–1861 connecting roads were built, as well as a number of brick
2907:
1680:
242:
113:
2380:
3103:
316:
2355:
707:. In 1869–1870 a powder store (no. 6) was built there, and in 1872 a powder laboratory. The cavalier was reinforced in 1910.
594:
survives; it was excavated and restored in 1998, and now houses a pub. Between Bastion IV and Bastion III was Cavalier IV (
1507:
Fort VIIIa (Rohr). Built 1887–1890 in Górczyn (now near Osiedle Kopernika). Well maintained; has been used as a warehouse.
186:
Building was planned to begin in 1817, but initially no funds were available for the work (due to the costs of fortifying
3033:
3018:
2284:
556:
1119:. It was retained as a monument when most of the fortifications were demolished after World War I. It stood on today's
3211:
2986:
2118:
202:
3118:
3088:
2996:
2902:
2416:
2302:
2297:
2202:
1690:
205:) and the right bank, and the core defensive line surrounding the left-bank city. The plan was approved by General
139:
119:
3058:
2970:
2754:
2489:
2401:
1661:
1567:
Prittwitz and Rauch. A central order of 20 June 1920 forbade the continuation of such work without consultation.
1209:
514:
situated somewhat west of the fortifications running south from Fort Adalbert, being connected to them by a long
2662:
1153:
253:). Building began on 23 June 1828 (the fort would be completed in 1839). Fortification also soon began north of
745:
after World War I, completed 1842. Built on the hill next to the liquidated abbey by St. Kazimierz's Church in
2657:
2143:
1672:, where up to 20,000 Poles died. Between 1940 and 1945, Fort Grolman and Fort Rauch formed the nucleus of the
390:
In 1864 the Poznań Fortress was declared completed and reclassified as a fortress "of the first class". King
3123:
3093:
2749:
2473:
2360:
2197:
2043:
2000:
1958:
1669:
1389:
1205:
511:
288:
2123:
1642:
1594:
1501:
Fort VIa (Stockhausen). Built 1879–1882 in Golęcin. Damaged in the war, then demolished. Fragments survive.
971:
762:
746:
168:
30:
3048:
2691:
2636:
2631:
2048:
1654:
1622:
1598:
1519:
The inner ring of fortifications was now redundant militarily, and hampered the city's development. Mayor
1474:
Fort Ia (Boyen). Built 1887–1890 in Minikowo. Moats partly contain water, due to damage to drainage pipes.
1322:
411:
2093:
1614:
1495:
77:
rule in the 19th and early 20th centuries. It represents the third largest system of its kind in Europe.
2965:
2883:
2744:
1630:
1626:
1590:
515:
460:; converted after World War II into the Cytadela park. For details of its construction and history, see
3078:
1634:
1606:
1232:
Work began in 1876, with the marking of the boundaries of the fort sites (with stones marked F.G. for
1200:) at a radius of 6–7 km, the other for 6 main and 3 intermediate forts at a radius of 3 km.
368:(and adjacent embankments) to the south. The section containing the Kalisz Gate was last to be built.
265:
against Russia in 1830, the unfinished fortifications were manned temporarily for defensive purposes.
198:
3070:
2775:
2552:
2494:
2345:
2153:
2138:
2108:
2053:
1706:
1646:
1602:
1586:
909:
80:
The first set of fortifications was a tight defensive ring around central Poznań, including the main
1543:
889:
780:("Cathedral Lock"), a weir and bridge built in 1834–1838 on the eastern branch of the Warta (called
773:
The following were the main elements of the fortifications on Ostrów Tumski (the cathedral island):
394:
issued a decree renaming many of the elements of the fortifications in honour of Prussian generals.
3053:
3038:
2958:
2375:
2333:
2235:
2103:
2058:
1610:
1186:
874:
639:
in 1864, close to the west bank of the Warta. Running east from it onto the then island of Grobla (
254:
2350:
2167:
1221:
1016:
576:
2468:
2175:
1650:
1539:
1355:
aircraft factory, with rail access from Poznan-Starołęka station. Still partly used industrially.
1170:
851:
497:
135:
74:
3142:
2953:
2795:
2083:
1993:
1396:
region, died there through execution, torture and harsh conditions. It is now a martyrs' museum.
1378:
Fort VI (Tietzen). Built 1879–1883. Lies at the junction of ul. Lutycka and ul. Strzeszyńska in
689:
to the west of the fort, on the river bank. The gunneries survived the demolitions in the 1920s.
842:, built at the eastern end of the Great Lock (initially there was a smaller fort there, called
3023:
2825:
2800:
2780:
2739:
2584:
2274:
2128:
2113:
1773:
1759:
1745:
1737:
1723:
1694:
1478:
1359:
1310:
1126:
A gate built c. 1865 near Bastion IV, for a rail siding leading inside the ring, near today's
1087:, built 1853–1856, a small gate giving access from Grobla (Graben) to the ferry to Berdychowo.
617:. Bastions and Cavaliers I–III formed the southern edge of the fortifications, with a partial
461:
422:
320:
262:
1399:
Fort VIII (Grolman). Built 1876–1882. Lies on ul. Grunwaldzka and ul. Bułgarska, next to the
379:
at the southern end of the island, embankments on the east and west sides of the island, and
2878:
2063:
1585:
In 1931 a committee renamed the outer forts in honour of Polish patrons, mostly military (I
1407:
1371:
Fort V (Waldersee I). Built 1879–1883. Lies on ul. Lechicka, by Osiedle Wichrowe Wzgórze in
1098:
990:
433:
206:
164:
109:
2830:
1351:
Fort I (Röder). Built 1878–1880, lies on ul. Książęca in Starołęka. In 1944 converted to a
666:
The following were the main elements of the fortifications on the right bank of the Warta:
445:
The following were the main elements of the ring of fortifications on the left bank of the
2895:
2805:
1676:
1520:
1481:). Restored and used by a nature protection group and scout groups. Moat partially filled.
1339:
934:). In 1889–1894 it was replaced by a blockhouse on the railway which had been built there.
233:
144:
2815:
2785:
2338:
2269:
2148:
721:
after World War I. Lay to the east of Cavalier Aster, in the area of today's Lake Malta.
3113:
2924:
2914:
2810:
2328:
2240:
1400:
1297:
1250:
to be effective against standard fortifications. A still stronger explosive material –
1243:
456:
The main fort, lying north of the city as it was then, and popularly known as Poznań's
148:
1546:. Efforts were made to put in order the land formerly occupied by the fortifications.
1542:, in 1903 a Royal Commission was set up to oversee the development of the city, under
1523:, coming to office in 1891, tried to have it liquidated. The army demanded 18 million
1454:
1438:
539:; the western line of fortifications generally follows today's Al. Niepodległości and
3190:
2820:
2759:
2207:
1679:
camp. In the later part of the war Poznań was declared one of the stronghold cities (
496:
in 1864. Built in the 1830s on the north side of the hill containing St. Wojciech's (
245:, who had been a member of Rauch's committee, was appointed chief of construction of
210:
1015:
traffic in 1880. This was the city's main gate, on the line of St. Martin's Street (
2365:
2217:
1673:
1462:
1430:
1422:
1414:
1393:
375:
I and II), completed by 1864. Defences were built in the second half of the 1850s:
156:
101:
85:
1328:
1317:
1305:
1024:
258:
42:
1362:). In 1944 converted to a Focke-Wulf factory, with rail connections and a siding.
1524:
1255:
1251:
1247:
1011:), built 1843–1850 between Bastions IV and V, widened in 1867–1869, adapted for
560:("Imperial Castle") building now stands. Connected to Bastion IV by Cavalier V (
303:
854:
in the north of Ostrów Tumski, and can be seen from the east bank of the Warta.
524:, a fortified embankment between Fort Adalbert and Bastion VI, built 1837–1838.
2890:
2734:
2264:
1966:
1529:
1352:
1267:
704:
591:
572:
324:
3172:
3159:
908:), between Fort Winiary and the Great Lock, on the road to the settlement of
17:
2919:
2088:
2034:
1372:
963:
391:
2016:
1379:
1333:
1166:
1078:
1028:
962:), in the fortified embankments east of the Cathedral Lock, on the road to
804:), a fortified position at the western end of the North Cathedral Cavalier.
341:. There was also a separate caponier on Grobla (Graben) island, beyond the
62:
1718:
Jacek Biesiadka, Andrzej Gawlak, Szymon Kucharski, Mariusz Wojciechowski:
974:. The gate and the fortified section containing it were completed in 1839.
2133:
1665:
1488:
1385:
1358:
Fort II (Stülpnagel). Built 1878–1882, lies on ul. Obodrzycka in Żegrze (
1115:), on the right bank, at the northern side of Fort Rauch, on the road to
945:
927:
686:
565:
475:
406:
was built in 1881–1882 to improve access to the city's new rail station.
399:
334:
329:
218:
105:
1077:, then the road leading to the settlement of Ku(h)ndorf and westward to
284:
weir on the east side of Ostrów Tumski was built in 1834–1838, with the
3043:
3028:
2707:
2098:
2074:
1190:
1140:), built 1881–1882 in Cavalier Strotha (at the southern end of today's
457:
191:
187:
160:
81:
46:
Fort III, one of the outer ring of forts built in the late 19th century
1689:
was revived. The outer forts were used to defend the city during the
1213:
1116:
1042:
1020:
781:
700:
483:
312:
250:
152:
70:
1504:
Fort VIIa (Strotha). Built 1887–1890 in Marcelin. In industrial use.
1097:), not part of the original plans, but built after 1855, leading to
850:
after World War I. The reduit survives, situated on the site of the
183:), which would enable the river to be used as part of the defences.
1720:
Twierdza Poznań. O fortyfikacjach miasta Poznania w XIX i XX wieku.
1685:) which the Nazis intended to defend at all costs, and so the name
1461:
1453:
1446:
1445:
1437:
1429:
1421:
1413:
1338:
1327:
1316:
1304:
1296:
1225:
1152:
888:
868:
761:
446:
432:
421:
333:) around the left-bank city. Each of the six bastions had a large
302:
232:
176:
506:("Brick Lunette", named for a brickworks on the Wierzbak), later
1392:
set up on Polish territory. Up to 20,000 Poles, mostly from the
1263:
1012:
618:
471:
276:), connected to a seven-span defensive bridge. In 1832–1837 the
172:
1989:
1974:
989:), built from 1841 between Bastions II and III, on the road to
352:
completed in 1842, and the Warsaw Gate in 1845, as well as the
1382:. Used by the military after 1945, survives in good condition.
1258:. The role of linear fortifications was reduced to a minimum.
1041:), built 1845, on the road to the Komadoria district and to
609:
after World War I. Connected to Bastion II by Cavalier III (
112:, to refer to Poznań's status as one of the "strongholds" (
944:), by Fort Adalbert, on the road leading to a mill on the
568:
close to the then railway station, now built in under the
209:(chief inspector of forts), and then presented by General
2886:, 2008 Stage 3, 2016 Stage 3, 2017 Stage 2, 2019 Stage 2)
1985:
1406:
Fort IX (Brünneck). Built 1876–1880. Lies in Świerczewo (
118:) which were to be defended at all costs. It fell in the
978:
The following other gates were built in later periods:
486:
to the north, and to Fort Adalbert (Hake) to the south.
2601:
Central Economic Society for the Grand Duchy of Poznań
753:. The lower floor of the reduit is still in existence.
543:. Between Bastion VI and Bastion V was Cavalier VI (
155:, and was also an important point on the route from
3069:
3009:
2979:
2946:
2939:
2839:
2768:
2727:
2720:
2700:
2650:
2624:
2617:
2593:
2572:
2565:
2545:
2514:
2507:
2482:
2456:
2409:
2400:
2393:
2321:
2283:
2257:
2228:
2190:
2183:
2072:
2032:
2023:
1945:
Biesiadka, Gawlak, Kucharski, Wojciechowski, p. 130
1929:
Biesiadka, Gawlak, Kucharski, Wojciechowski, p. 129
1915:
Biesiadka, Gawlak, Kucharski, Wojciechowski, p. 124
731:, and is visible when the river water level is low.
531:in 1864. It stood close to the junction of today's
171:to the east. Army engineers added to these plans a
1906:Biesiadka, Gawlak, Kucharski, Wojciechowski, p. 31
1897:Biesiadka, Gawlak, Kucharski, Wojciechowski, p. 27
1883:Biesiadka, Gawlak, Kucharski, Wojciechowski, p. 26
1871:Biesiadka, Gawlak, Kucharski, Wojciechowski, p. 25
1862:Biesiadka, Gawlak, Kucharski, Wojciechowski, p. 24
1850:Biesiadka, Gawlak, Kucharski, Wojciechowski, p. 23
1841:Biesiadka, Gawlak, Kucharski, Wojciechowski, p. 22
1829:Biesiadka, Gawlak, Kucharski, Wojciechowski, p. 21
1817:Biesiadka, Gawlak, Kucharski, Wojciechowski, p. 20
1796:Biesiadka, Gawlak, Kucharski, Wojciechowski, p. 19
1144:), leading to the sidings of the new rail station.
122:, with Fort Winiary the last point of resistance.
2464:SWPS University of Social Sciences and Humanities
1347:The main forts in the outer ring are as follows:
586:in 1864. Stood partly on the site of the park on
237:Johann von Brese, architect of the fortifications
1477:Fort IIa (Thümen). Built 1887–1890 in Chartowo (
628:in 1864. Connected to Bastion I by Cavalier II (
348:Work also continued on the right bank, with the
3202:Military installations established in the 1830s
1578:housing (which was tolerated by the military).
1293:The perimeter forts and their present-day state
881:(moved in 1908 to a school building on today's
2580:Poznań Society of Friends of Arts and Sciences
2441:Poznań University School of Physical Education
38:), part of the original inner ring of defences
2001:
1246:, introduced in 1883, were shown in tests at
1101:(Eichwald), near the southern end of today's
1027:(Glogau) and to the original rail station in
61:) was a set of fortifications in the city of
8:
703:stream, near what is now the western end of
1657:). These names did not come into wide use.
383:in the north-west. Around 1862 the moat of
2943:
2724:
2621:
2569:
2511:
2406:
2397:
2187:
2029:
2008:
1994:
1986:
1470:The following are the intermediate forts:
3099:Poznań Voivodeship (14th century to 1793)
1208:) and 3 intermediate ones. An act of the
877:by Ludwig Stürmer, 1855, from the former
662:Elements of the right-bank fortifications
337:shielded by embankments connected to the
27:Prussian fortifications in Poznań, Poland
1805:Karl von Grolman's report of 22 May 1817
1212:of 30 May 1873 allocated over 7 million
418:Elements of the left-bank fortifications
229:Construction of the inner fortifications
108:'s advance in the closing phases of the
41:
29:
1941:
1939:
1937:
1935:
1925:
1923:
1921:
1789:
1893:
1891:
1889:
1768:Witold Gostyński, Zbigniew Pilarczyk:
429:at Fort Winiary, now a military museum
2432:University of Life Sciences in Poznań
2427:Poznan University of Medical Sciences
1879:
1877:
1858:
1856:
1837:
1835:
1825:
1823:
1813:
1811:
1772:, Poznań 2004, Wydawnictwo Miejskie,
1756:Tajemnice wielkopolskich fortyfikacji
7:
2847:ICF Canoe Sprint World Championships
2642:Henryk Wieniawski Violin Competition
1722:, Poznań 2006, Wydawnictwo Rawelin,
1515:Partial demolition of the inner ring
1494:Fort Va (Bonin). Built 1887–1890 in
3109:Greater Poland uprising (1918–1919)
2867:UEFA European Under-19 Championship
2313:Wielkopolska Museum of Independence
1582:previously planned), was rejected.
1321:Fort III on the site of the zoo in
1734:Fortyfikacje. Przewodnik po Polsce
1073:), built c. 1849–1852, on today's
699:in 1864, on the south bank of the
449:(listed in anti-clockwise order):
163:; therefore, according to General
25:
1758:, 2004, Wydawnictwo Zysk i S-ka,
1560:Wielkopolska Uprising (1918–1919)
1031:(on the site of today's Old Zoo).
564:). To the west was an additional
3222:Frederick William III of Prussia
3137:
3136:
2174:
2166:
441:on ul. Powstańców Wielkopolskich
243:Moritz von Prittwitz und Gaffron
2908:2009 World Rowing Championships
2422:Poznań University of Technology
1179:Landes-Verteidigungs-Kommission
1163:Siege of Sevastopol (1854–1855)
1149:Construction of the outer forts
758:Fortifications on Ostrów Tumski
280:on the Wierzbak was built. The
34:Remains of the Cathedral Lock (
3197:1839 establishments in Prussia
3104:Greater Poland uprising (1806)
2537:St. Mary Magdalene High School
2445:Academy of Fine Arts in Poznań
2437:Poznań University of Economics
590:west of Al. Niepodległości. A
1:
1770:Poznań. Fortyfikacje miejskie
1434:Fort IIIa (now a crematorium)
613:). It stood close to today's
588:ul. Powstańców Wielkopolskich
2532:St. John Cantius High School
2308:Museum of Historical Costume
820:Reduta (Warownia) Radziwiłła
743:Reduta (Warownia) Reformatów
554:in 1864, north of where the
3207:19th-century fortifications
2522:Adam Mickiewicz High School
1045:, in the region of today's
1019:), leading to the roads to
922:("Churchyard Gate", Polish
713:, built 1845–1846, renamed
427:Spezial-Kriegs-Laboratorium
327:. This completed the ring (
3238:
3217:Military history of Poznań
3089:Christianization of Poland
2903:World Rowing Championships
2449:Academy of Music in Poznań
2417:Adam Mickiewicz University
1744:, second ed. Warsaw 2007,
1157:Boundary stone of Fort IVa
518:. Built in the late 1830s.
474:built in 1832–1837 on the
140:Second Partition of Poland
3132:
3019:Poznań International Fair
2755:Stadion im. Edmunda Szyca
2670:Theatre of the Eighth Day
2371:Morasko meteorite reserve
2164:
997:, near the junction with
307:Ravelin I of Fort Winiary
241:On 14 March 1828 Captain
1660:During the World War II
1183:Field Marshal von Moltke
711:Cybina Flesche (Lünette)
261:). Following the Polish
3119:Battle of Poznań (1945)
3094:Duchy of Greater Poland
2474:WSB Merito Universities
2298:Poznań Croissant Museum
2293:Armored Weaponry Museum
2025:Administrative division
1691:Battle of Poznań (1945)
1670:Nazi concentration camp
1390:Nazi concentration camp
1206:Hans Alexis von Biehler
848:Reduta (Warownia) Czech
834:Reduta (Warownia) Lecha
788:Nördlicher Dom Cavalier
317:Greater Poland Uprising
120:Battle of Poznań (1945)
2692:Malta theatre festival
2685:Theatrical Studio Blum
2566:Research organisations
2490:École Franco-Polonaise
2341:, Poznań Trumpet Call)
1736:, Warsaw-Gdańsk 2005,
1668:gained notoriety as a
1538:Under the next mayor,
1467:
1459:
1451:
1443:
1435:
1427:
1419:
1344:
1336:
1325:
1314:
1302:
1177:Following work by the
1158:
985:("Wilda Gate", Polish
894:
886:
770:
739:Fort Prittwitz-Gaffron
719:Reduta (Warownia) Rusa
683:Reduta Marcinkowskiego
575:at the western end of
442:
430:
308:
238:
47:
39:
3084:Historical population
2966:Park Railway Maltanka
2745:Park Tenisowy Olimpia
2688:Cinema Theatre Apollo
2191:Former fortifications
1970:Mariusz Wojciechowski
1643:Kazimierz Grudzielski
1595:Aleksander Kraszewski
1591:Krzysztof Arciszewski
1465:
1457:
1449:
1441:
1433:
1425:
1417:
1342:
1331:
1320:
1308:
1300:
1262:areas around Poznań,
1156:
892:
872:
765:
601:Bastion III, renamed
436:
425:
306:
236:
215:Frederick William III
104:occupiers during the
100:was also used by the
53:, known in German as
45:
33:
3124:1956 Poznań protests
2750:Stadion Warty Poznań
2553:Luisenschule (Posen)
2527:Dąbrówka High School
2361:Piątkowo transmitter
2356:Royal-Imperial Route
1655:Wincenty Axamitowski
1599:Kazimierz Więckowski
904:(known in Polish as
624:Bastion II, renamed
582:Bastion IV, renamed
562:Cavalier Stockhausen
527:Bastion VI, renamed
147:(and hence with the
3173:52.4219°N 16.9352°E
3169: /
3054:Kompania Piwowarska
3039:Kulczyk Investments
2663:Teatr Biuro Podróży
2637:Poznań Nightingales
2632:Poznań Philharmonic
1732:Jarosław Chorzępa:
1623:Ludwik Mierosławski
1615:Augustyn Brzeżański
1309:Fort II in Żegrze (
1301:Fort I in Starołęka
1242:New missiles using
1187:Franco-Prussian War
958:("Bydgoszcz Gate",
635:Bastion I, renamed
550:Bastion V, renamed
470:("Little Lock"), a
2469:Collegium Da Vinci
1651:Edmund Taczanowski
1631:Ludwik Bogusławski
1627:Kazimierz Mielęcki
1468:
1460:
1452:
1444:
1436:
1428:
1420:
1418:Fort Ia (barracks)
1345:
1343:Fort VII in Ogrody
1337:
1326:
1315:
1303:
1181:and a report from
1171:Danish War of 1864
1159:
1136:("Knight's Gate",
948:, roughly today's
895:
893:Berlin Gate - 1890
887:
852:cogeneration plant
846:). It was renamed
771:
643:) was Cavalier I (
630:Cavalier Witzleben
607:Reduta Przemysława
533:Al. Niepodległości
443:
431:
309:
239:
48:
40:
3152:
3151:
3071:History of Poznań
3062:
3005:
3004:
2992:Kobylnica Airport
2935:
2934:
2928:
2911:
2899:
2887:
2875:
2863:
2776:Pocztowiec Poznań
2716:
2715:
2682:Animation Theatre
2613:
2612:
2609:
2608:
2585:Western Institute
2561:
2560:
2503:
2502:
2495:Lubrański Academy
2389:
2388:
2381:Saint John's Fair
2346:Raczyński Library
2342:
2246:St. John's Church
2221:
2162:
2161:
1750:978-83-60887-04-2
1707:History of Poznań
1647:Michał Sokolnicki
1639:Zygmunt Zieliński
1635:Florian Dąbrowski
1603:Józef Niemojewski
1587:Krzysztof Żegocki
1554:After World War I
1403:football stadium.
912:(Schilling), now
906:Brama Szelągowska
875:Archangel Michael
729:ul. Jana Pawła II
529:Bastion Waldersee
508:Waldersee Flesche
321:Spring of Nations
268:In 1829–1832 the
263:November Uprising
16:(Redirected from
3229:
3184:
3183:
3181:
3180:
3179:
3178:52.4219; 16.9352
3174:
3170:
3167:
3166:
3165:
3162:
3140:
3139:
3056:
2997:Krzesiny Airport
2961:
2959:Poznań Fast Tram
2944:
2922:
2905:
2893:
2881:
2879:World Rowing Cup
2869:
2849:
2725:
2622:
2570:
2512:
2407:
2398:
2336:
2250:Poznań Synagogue
2215:
2188:
2178:
2170:
2030:
2010:
2003:
1996:
1987:
1968:Twierdza Poznań:
1962:Marcin Walkowiak
1960:Twierdza Poznań:
1946:
1943:
1930:
1927:
1916:
1913:
1907:
1904:
1898:
1895:
1884:
1881:
1872:
1869:
1863:
1860:
1851:
1848:
1842:
1839:
1830:
1827:
1818:
1815:
1806:
1803:
1797:
1794:
1645:, VIIIa General
1611:Henryk Dembiński
1111:("Kalisz Gate",
1069:("King's Gate",
1063:Brama Kundorfska
1039:Brama Warszawska
1037:("Warsaw Gate",
1007:("Berlin Gate",
966:(Bromberg), now
932:Al. Armii Poznań
626:Bastion Brünneck
596:Cavalier Strotha
522:Magazin Cavalier
293:Magazin Cavalier
255:Poznań Cathedral
207:Gustav von Rauch
199:Johann von Brese
165:Karl von Grolman
126:Initial planning
110:Second World War
21:
3237:
3236:
3232:
3231:
3230:
3228:
3227:
3226:
3212:Forts in Poznań
3187:
3186:
3177:
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3168:
3163:
3160:
3158:
3156:
3155:
3153:
3148:
3128:
3065:
3001:
2975:
2971:Central Station
2957:
2931:
2882:(2004 Stage 1,
2835:
2806:KKS Wiara Lecha
2796:Posnania Poznań
2791:Grunwald Poznań
2764:
2712:
2696:
2673:Musical Theatre
2646:
2605:
2589:
2557:
2541:
2499:
2478:
2452:
2385:
2317:
2303:National Museum
2279:
2253:
2224:
2213:Poznań Fortress
2203:Imperial Castle
2179:
2173:
2172:
2171:
2158:
2068:
2019:
2014:
1983:
1955:
1950:
1949:
1944:
1933:
1928:
1919:
1914:
1910:
1905:
1901:
1896:
1887:
1882:
1875:
1870:
1866:
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1845:
1840:
1833:
1828:
1821:
1816:
1809:
1804:
1800:
1795:
1791:
1786:
1715:
1703:
1662:Nazi occupation
1641:, VIII General
1637:, VIIa General
1607:Józef Sułkowski
1605:, IIIa General
1556:
1521:Richard Witting
1517:
1295:
1234:Festungs-Grenze
1185:concerning the
1151:
1071:Brama Królewska
1059:Kuhndorfer Thor
1035:Warschauer Thor
1009:Brama Berlińska
956:Bromberger Thor
924:Brama Cmentarna
914:ul. Szelągowska
902:Schillings Thor
883:ul. Słowackiego
867:
830:Fort Steinäcker
798:Hauptwerk No II
760:
735:Reformaten Fort
725:Cybina Schleuse
693:Cybina Cavalier
664:
651:Graben Schleuse
603:Bastion Grolman
570:Rondo Kaponiera
552:Bastion Tietzen
468:Kleine Schleuse
420:
387:was completed.
358:Cybina Schleuse
354:Cybina Cavalier
350:Reformaten Fort
343:Graben Schleuse
278:Kleine Schleuse
231:
145:Congress Poland
128:
59:Twierdza Poznań
51:Poznań Fortress
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3235:
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3114:Posen speeches
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3021:
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3007:
3006:
3003:
3002:
3000:
2999:
2994:
2989:
2987:Ławica Airport
2983:
2981:
2977:
2976:
2974:
2973:
2968:
2963:
2950:
2948:
2947:Rail transport
2941:
2937:
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2930:
2929:
2917:
2912:
2900:
2888:
2876:
2864:
2843:
2841:
2837:
2836:
2834:
2833:
2828:
2826:Olimpia Poznań
2823:
2818:
2813:
2808:
2803:
2801:Polonia Poznań
2798:
2793:
2788:
2783:
2781:AZS AWF Poznań
2778:
2772:
2770:
2766:
2765:
2763:
2762:
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2740:Stadion Poznań
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2667:Polish Theatre
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2329:Andersia Tower
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2038:
2027:
2021:
2020:
2015:
2013:
2012:
2005:
1998:
1990:
1981:
1980:
1976:Festung Posen:
1972:
1964:
1954:
1953:External links
1951:
1948:
1947:
1931:
1917:
1908:
1899:
1885:
1873:
1864:
1852:
1843:
1831:
1819:
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1781:
1780:
1766:
1754:Zygmunt Rola:
1752:
1730:
1714:
1711:
1710:
1709:
1702:
1699:
1653:, IXa General
1629:, VIa General
1601:, III General
1555:
1552:
1544:Joseph Stübben
1516:
1513:
1512:
1511:
1508:
1505:
1502:
1499:
1492:
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1244:nitrocellulose
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1147:
1146:
1145:
1142:ul. Ratajczaka
1138:Brama Rycerska
1131:
1124:
1121:ul. Berdychowo
1109:Kalischer Thor
1106:
1095:Brama Dębińska
1088:
1082:
1056:
1050:
1032:
1002:
995:ul. Półwiejska
987:Brama Wildecka
976:
975:
960:Brama Bydgoska
953:
940:("Mill Gate",
935:
920:Kirchhofs Thor
917:
866:
863:
862:
861:
858:Große Schleuse
855:
837:
823:
808:Fort Radziwill
805:
791:
785:
759:
756:
755:
754:
732:
722:
708:
697:Cavalier Aster
690:
679:Fort św. Rocha
663:
660:
659:
658:
648:
645:Cavalier Boyen
633:
622:
599:
584:Bastion Colomb
580:
548:
545:Cavalier Bonin
541:ul. Kościuszki
525:
519:
504:Ziegel Flesche
501:
487:
465:
462:Poznań Citadel
439:Bastion Colomb
437:Blockhouse of
419:
416:
373:Vorfluth Canal
362:Cybina Flesche
297:Ziegel Flesche
274:Große Überfall
270:Große Schleuse
230:
227:
149:Russian Empire
138:rule with the
127:
124:
73:, built under
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3234:
3223:
3220:
3218:
3215:
3213:
3210:
3208:
3205:
3203:
3200:
3198:
3195:
3194:
3192:
3185:
3182:
3145:
3144:
3135:
3134:
3131:
3125:
3122:
3120:
3117:
3115:
3112:
3110:
3107:
3105:
3102:
3100:
3097:
3095:
3092:
3090:
3087:
3085:
3082:
3080:
3077:
3076:
3074:
3072:
3068:
3060:
3055:
3052:
3050:
3047:
3045:
3042:
3040:
3037:
3035:
3032:
3030:
3027:
3025:
3022:
3020:
3017:
3016:
3014:
3012:
3008:
2998:
2995:
2993:
2990:
2988:
2985:
2984:
2982:
2978:
2972:
2969:
2967:
2964:
2960:
2955:
2952:
2951:
2949:
2945:
2942:
2938:
2926:
2921:
2918:
2916:
2913:
2909:
2904:
2901:
2897:
2892:
2889:
2885:
2880:
2877:
2873:
2868:
2865:
2861:
2857:
2853:
2848:
2845:
2844:
2842:
2838:
2832:
2829:
2827:
2824:
2822:
2819:
2817:
2814:
2812:
2809:
2807:
2804:
2802:
2799:
2797:
2794:
2792:
2789:
2787:
2784:
2782:
2779:
2777:
2774:
2773:
2771:
2767:
2761:
2758:
2756:
2753:
2751:
2748:
2746:
2743:
2741:
2738:
2736:
2733:
2732:
2730:
2726:
2723:
2719:
2709:
2706:
2705:
2703:
2699:
2693:
2690:
2687:
2684:
2681:
2678:
2675:
2672:
2669:
2666:
2664:
2661:
2659:
2658:Grand Theatre
2656:
2655:
2653:
2649:
2643:
2640:
2638:
2635:
2633:
2630:
2629:
2627:
2623:
2620:
2616:
2602:
2599:
2598:
2596:
2592:
2586:
2583:
2581:
2578:
2577:
2575:
2571:
2568:
2564:
2554:
2551:
2550:
2548:
2544:
2538:
2535:
2533:
2530:
2528:
2525:
2523:
2520:
2519:
2517:
2513:
2510:
2506:
2496:
2493:
2491:
2488:
2487:
2485:
2481:
2475:
2472:
2470:
2467:
2465:
2462:
2461:
2459:
2455:
2448:
2446:
2443:
2440:
2438:
2435:
2433:
2430:
2428:
2425:
2423:
2420:
2418:
2415:
2414:
2412:
2408:
2405:
2403:
2399:
2396:
2392:
2382:
2379:
2377:
2374:
2372:
2369:
2367:
2364:
2362:
2359:
2357:
2354:
2352:
2351:Święty Marcin
2349:
2347:
2344:
2340:
2335:
2334:Old Town Hall
2332:
2330:
2327:
2326:
2324:
2320:
2314:
2311:
2309:
2306:
2304:
2301:
2299:
2296:
2294:
2291:
2290:
2288:
2286:
2282:
2276:
2273:
2271:
2268:
2266:
2263:
2262:
2260:
2256:
2249:
2247:
2244:
2242:
2239:
2237:
2234:
2233:
2231:
2227:
2219:
2214:
2211:
2209:
2206:
2204:
2201:
2199:
2196:
2195:
2193:
2189:
2186:
2182:
2177:
2169:
2155:
2152:
2150:
2147:
2145:
2142:
2140:
2137:
2135:
2132:
2130:
2127:
2125:
2122:
2120:
2119:Ostrów Tumski
2117:
2115:
2112:
2110:
2107:
2105:
2102:
2100:
2097:
2095:
2092:
2090:
2087:
2085:
2082:
2081:
2079:
2077:
2076:
2071:
2065:
2062:
2060:
2057:
2055:
2052:
2050:
2047:
2045:
2042:
2041:
2039:
2037:
2036:
2031:
2028:
2026:
2022:
2018:
2011:
2006:
2004:
1999:
1997:
1992:
1991:
1988:
1984:
1979:
1977:
1973:
1971:
1969:
1965:
1963:
1961:
1957:
1956:
1952:
1942:
1940:
1938:
1936:
1932:
1926:
1924:
1922:
1918:
1912:
1909:
1903:
1900:
1894:
1892:
1890:
1886:
1880:
1878:
1874:
1868:
1865:
1859:
1857:
1853:
1847:
1844:
1838:
1836:
1832:
1826:
1824:
1820:
1814:
1812:
1808:
1802:
1799:
1793:
1790:
1783:
1779:
1778:83-89525-91-7
1775:
1771:
1767:
1765:
1764:83-7298-626-6
1761:
1757:
1753:
1751:
1747:
1743:
1742:83-89917-08-4
1739:
1735:
1731:
1729:
1728:83-915340-2-2
1725:
1721:
1717:
1716:
1712:
1708:
1705:
1704:
1700:
1698:
1696:
1692:
1688:
1687:Festung Posen
1684:
1683:
1678:
1675:
1671:
1667:
1663:
1658:
1656:
1652:
1648:
1644:
1640:
1636:
1632:
1628:
1624:
1621:, Va General
1620:
1616:
1612:
1608:
1604:
1600:
1596:
1592:
1589:, Ia General
1588:
1583:
1579:
1575:
1571:
1568:
1564:
1561:
1553:
1551:
1547:
1545:
1541:
1536:
1533:
1531:
1526:
1522:
1514:
1509:
1506:
1503:
1500:
1497:
1493:
1490:
1486:
1483:
1480:
1476:
1473:
1472:
1471:
1464:
1456:
1448:
1440:
1432:
1424:
1416:
1409:
1405:
1402:
1398:
1395:
1391:
1387:
1384:
1381:
1377:
1374:
1370:
1367:
1364:
1361:
1357:
1354:
1350:
1349:
1348:
1341:
1335:
1330:
1324:
1319:
1312:
1307:
1299:
1292:
1290:
1286:
1284:
1280:
1276:
1271:
1269:
1265:
1259:
1257:
1253:
1249:
1245:
1240:
1237:
1235:
1230:
1227:
1223:
1217:
1215:
1211:
1207:
1201:
1199:
1194:
1192:
1188:
1184:
1180:
1175:
1172:
1168:
1164:
1155:
1148:
1143:
1139:
1135:
1132:
1129:
1125:
1122:
1118:
1114:
1113:Brama Kaliska
1110:
1107:
1104:
1100:
1096:
1092:
1091:Eichwald Thor
1089:
1086:
1085:Graben Pforte
1083:
1080:
1076:
1072:
1068:
1064:
1060:
1057:
1054:
1051:
1048:
1044:
1040:
1036:
1033:
1030:
1026:
1022:
1018:
1017:Święty Marcin
1014:
1010:
1006:
1005:Berliner Thor
1003:
1000:
999:ul. Krakowska
996:
992:
988:
984:
981:
980:
979:
973:
969:
965:
961:
957:
954:
951:
950:ul. Przepadek
947:
943:
942:Brama Młyńska
939:
936:
933:
929:
925:
921:
918:
915:
911:
907:
903:
900:
899:
898:
891:
884:
880:
879:Eichwald Thor
876:
871:
864:
859:
856:
853:
849:
845:
841:
838:
835:
831:
827:
824:
821:
817:
813:
809:
806:
803:
799:
795:
792:
789:
786:
783:
779:
776:
775:
774:
769:
764:
757:
752:
749:, on today's
748:
744:
741:in 1864, and
740:
736:
733:
730:
726:
723:
720:
717:in 1864, and
716:
715:Lünette Aster
712:
709:
706:
702:
698:
694:
691:
688:
684:
680:
677:in 1864, and
676:
672:
669:
668:
667:
661:
656:
652:
649:
646:
642:
638:
637:Bastion Röder
634:
631:
627:
623:
620:
616:
612:
611:Cavalier Rohr
608:
604:
600:
597:
593:
589:
585:
581:
578:
577:Święty Marcin
574:
571:
567:
563:
559:
558:
553:
549:
546:
542:
538:
534:
530:
526:
523:
520:
517:
513:
509:
505:
502:
499:
495:
491:
490:Fort Adalbert
488:
485:
481:
477:
473:
469:
466:
463:
459:
455:
454:Fort Winiary.
452:
451:
450:
448:
440:
435:
428:
424:
417:
415:
413:
407:
405:
401:
395:
393:
388:
386:
382:
378:
374:
369:
367:
363:
359:
355:
351:
346:
344:
340:
336:
332:
331:
326:
322:
318:
314:
305:
301:
298:
294:
290:
287:
283:
279:
275:
271:
266:
264:
260:
256:
252:
248:
247:Festung Posen
244:
235:
228:
226:
224:
220:
216:
212:
211:Karl von Hake
208:
204:
203:Ostrów Tumski
200:
195:
193:
189:
184:
182:
178:
175:on the river
174:
170:
166:
162:
158:
154:
150:
146:
141:
137:
134:) came under
133:
125:
123:
121:
117:
116:
111:
107:
103:
99:
98:Festung Posen
94:
91:
87:
83:
78:
76:
72:
69:) in western
68:
64:
60:
56:
55:Festung Posen
52:
44:
37:
32:
19:
18:Festung Posen
3154:
3141:
3059:Lech Brewery
3034:H. Cegielski
2884:2006 Stage 2
2816:Odlew Poznań
2786:Warta Poznań
2701:Sub-cultures
2508:High schools
2402:Universities
2366:Stary Browar
2339:Poznań Goats
2270:Lake Rusałka
2218:Fort Winiary
2212:
2198:Royal Castle
2073:
2044:Stare Miasto
2033:
1982:
1975:
1967:
1959:
1911:
1902:
1867:
1846:
1801:
1792:
1769:
1755:
1733:
1719:
1686:
1681:
1674:Stalag XXI-D
1659:
1584:
1580:
1576:
1572:
1569:
1565:
1557:
1548:
1537:
1534:
1518:
1469:
1394:Wielkopolska
1346:
1287:
1282:
1278:
1274:
1272:
1260:
1256:machine guns
1241:
1238:
1233:
1231:
1218:
1202:
1198:Zwischenwerk
1197:
1195:
1178:
1176:
1165:and that of
1160:
1141:
1137:
1133:
1127:
1120:
1112:
1108:
1102:
1094:
1090:
1084:
1074:
1070:
1066:
1062:
1058:
1052:
1047:Rondo Śródka
1046:
1038:
1034:
1008:
1004:
998:
994:
986:
982:
977:
968:ul. Bydgoska
967:
959:
955:
949:
941:
937:
931:
923:
919:
913:
905:
901:
896:
882:
878:
857:
847:
843:
839:
833:
829:
825:
819:
815:
811:
810:(originally
807:
801:
797:
796:(previously
793:
787:
778:Dom Schleuse
777:
772:
768:Dom Schleuse
767:
750:
742:
738:
734:
728:
724:
718:
714:
710:
696:
692:
682:
678:
674:
670:
665:
654:
650:
644:
640:
636:
629:
625:
615:Plac Andersa
614:
610:
606:
605:in 1864 and
602:
595:
587:
583:
569:
561:
555:
551:
544:
540:
536:
532:
528:
521:
507:
503:
498:St. Adalbert
493:
489:
479:
467:
453:
444:
438:
426:
408:
403:
396:
389:
384:
380:
376:
372:
370:
365:
361:
357:
353:
349:
347:
342:
338:
328:
310:
296:
292:
285:
282:Dom Schleuse
281:
277:
273:
269:
267:
246:
240:
222:
196:
185:
180:
157:West Prussia
131:
129:
114:
97:
95:
89:
86:Fort Winiary
79:
66:
58:
54:
50:
49:
36:Dom Schleuse
35:
3176: /
2915:Poznań Open
2811:Lech Poznań
2676:New Theatre
2275:Kiekrz Lake
2184:Attractions
2049:Nowe Miasto
1978:photographs
1540:Ernst Wilms
1401:Lech Poznań
1332:Fort VI in
1323:Nowe Miasto
1283:Grunwaldzka
1248:Kummersdorf
1169:during the
1134:Ritter Thor
1128:ul. Taylora
1103:ul. Garbary
1075:ul. Libelta
1067:Königs Thor
1053:Warthe Thor
1049:roundabout.
844:Brückenkopf
826:Dom Flesche
818:), renamed
812:Dom Redoute
802:Dom Lünette
766:Remains of
751:ul. Podwale
671:Fort Rochus
547:from 1864).
500:'s) church.
404:Ritter Thor
385:Dom Redoute
381:Dom Lünette
377:Dom Redoute
366:Fort Rochus
325:blockhouses
286:Dom Flesche
102:Nazi German
3191:Categories
3164:16°56′07″E
3161:52°25′19″N
2891:EuroBasket
2831:PSŻ Poznań
2821:AZS Poznań
2760:Tor Poznań
2679:My Theatre
2265:Lake Malta
2144:Świerczewo
2035:Dzielnicas
1713:References
1619:Mycielskis
1530:Wilhelm II
1353:Focke-Wulf
1268:Strasbourg
983:Wilda Thor
873:Figure of
794:Domwerk II
737:, renamed
705:Lake Malta
695:, renamed
675:Fort Rauch
673:, renamed
655:Grabendamm
592:blockhouse
573:roundabout
492:, renamed
225:) stream.
2940:Transport
2920:UEFA Euro
2394:Education
2236:Cathedral
2229:Religious
2149:Starołęka
2109:Strzeszyn
2089:Winogrady
1682:Festungen
1373:Winogrady
1285:streets.
1210:Reichstag
1065:), later
993:(today's
964:Bydgoszcz
938:Mühl Thor
930:(today's
840:Fort Roon
816:Domwerk I
621:in front.
537:ul. Solna
494:Fort Hake
480:Wierzbach
392:Wilhelm I
339:cavaliers
223:Wierzbach
197:In 1827,
115:Festungen
96:The term
88:(now the
65:(German:
57:(Polish:
3143:Category
3079:Timeline
3011:Business
2980:Airports
2594:Historic
2208:Cytadela
2134:Plewiska
2104:Podolany
2094:Piątkowo
2084:Old Town
2075:Osiedles
2059:Grunwald
1701:See also
1695:Cytadela
1666:Fort VII
1617:, V the
1496:Piątkowo
1489:scouting
1466:Fort IXa
1458:Fort VIa
1442:Fort IVa
1426:Fort IIa
1386:Fort VII
1279:Bukowska
1275:Bogdanka
1252:melinite
1222:Bogdanka
946:Wierzbak
928:Oborniki
828:, later
687:caponier
566:caponier
476:Wierzbak
335:caponier
330:enceinte
219:Wierzbak
213:to King
136:Prussian
130:Poznań (
106:Red Army
90:Cytadela
75:Prussian
3049:Solaris
3044:Netguru
3029:Enea SA
3024:Allegro
2708:Rozbrat
2651:Theatre
2618:Culture
2573:Current
2546:Defunct
2483:Defunct
2457:Private
2376:Old Zoo
2285:Museums
2099:Morasko
1558:In the
1491:groups.
1450:Fort Va
1214:thalers
1191:Germany
681:(later
512:lunette
458:citadel
313:thalers
289:lunette
192:Koblenz
188:Cologne
161:Silesia
84:called
82:citadel
2840:Events
2728:Venues
2721:Sports
2515:Active
2410:Public
2154:Ławica
2139:Dębiec
2129:Rataje
2124:Śródka
2114:Kiekrz
2054:Jeżyce
2017:Poznań
1776:
1762:
1748:
1740:
1726:
1697:park.
1633:, VII
1613:, IVa
1597:, IIa
1479:Rataje
1380:Jeżyce
1360:Rataje
1334:Jeżyce
1311:Rataje
1167:Dybbøl
1117:Kalisz
1099:Dębina
1079:Jeżyce
1043:Warsaw
1029:Jeżyce
1025:Głogów
1021:Berlin
972:Śródka
910:Szeląg
782:Cybina
747:Śródka
701:Cybina
641:Graben
484:reduit
364:, and
345:weir.
259:Głogów
251:reduit
181:Warthe
169:Śródka
153:Berlin
71:Poland
63:Poznań
2954:Trams
2769:Teams
2735:Arena
2625:Music
2322:Other
2258:Lakes
2064:Wilda
1784:Notes
1649:, IX
1625:, VI
1609:, IV
1593:, II
1525:marks
1408:Wilda
1226:Warta
991:Wilda
865:Gates
557:Zamek
516:gorge
447:Warta
412:Aster
400:Toruń
319:and "
177:Warta
151:) to
132:Posen
67:Posen
2925:2012
2896:2009
2872:2006
2860:2010
2856:2001
2852:1990
2241:Fara
1774:ISBN
1760:ISBN
1746:ISBN
1738:ISBN
1724:ISBN
1281:and
1266:and
1264:Metz
1224:and
1161:The
1023:and
1013:tram
619:moat
535:and
510:, a
472:weir
295:and
190:and
173:weir
1677:PoW
970:in
814:or
800:or
653:or
159:to
3193::
2858:,
2854:,
1934:^
1920:^
1888:^
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1822:^
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