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petition to elected representatives to reopen
Fermilab." The petition stated that: "The access policy changes undermine critical aspects of the scientific process as well as the basic functioning of Fermilab. Hosting research meetings, interviewing prospective employees, collaborating with scientists outside the lab, and enacting our famously impactful education programs have all been hindered." With respect to the general public, the petition stated: "Today, the general public is only permitted to access the main road, and with ID requirements that are becoming increasingly stringent, soon its doors will be closed to tourists and even to some immigrants. We can no longer drive or bike around the premises freely. The dog park, Wilson Hall with its exhibits on the top floor, and other areas are no longer generally accessible. Fishing and other activities open to the public have been canceled." The petition emphatically requested that access policies be reverted to the open laboratory model that governed the laboratory prior to 2020.
1438:
solicit and award a new M&O contract that will result in improved contractor performance and efficiencies at FNAL. DOE expects that this competition will elicit new and innovative approaches for planning the
Laboratory's future." At an informational meeting for potential bidders on March 1, 2023, the presentation slides expanded upon issues under "Major Challenges/Risks" including highlighting the concern: "The Laboratory continues to have challenges in Financial Management and Acquisition Management. Audits repeatedly highlight the same deficiencies and control failures year after year. Any corrective actions implemented have resulted in little to no progress. Significant procurement issues have hindered the laboratory's ability to successfully deliver efficient and effective business systems/resources to enable the Science Mission. Substantial concerns remain regarding the ability to expend Government funds in an effective, efficient, and compliant manner."
1219:
1358:, head of the PIP II project. On March 31, 2022, James Siegrist, associate director for High Energy Physics in the Department of Energy Office of Science, who had overseen the response to the P5 report, stepped down. In September 2022, it was announced that deputy director for Research Joseph Lykken would step down, to be replaced by Yale Professor Bonnie Fleming, who previously served as Deputy Chief Research Officer for the neutrino program at Fermilab. Regina (Gina) Rameika joined the DOE's Office of Science as the associate director for the Office of High Energy Physics in his place on November 7, 2022, moving from her role as spokesperson of the DUNE Experiment.
374:(URA); although in 2023, the Department of Energy (DOE) opened bidding for a new contractor due to concerns about the FRA performance. On July 15, 2024, during the bidding process for the new contract, "whistleblowers" published very serious allegations against FRA management on a public physics preprint server. The detailed 108 page report accused the FRA of cover-up of cases of sexual harassment, attacks by employees, guns brought to site, and a major equipment failure. There has been no public response by the FRA or Fermilab Leadership since the appearance of the report.
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923:). The LPC offers a vibrant community of CMS scientists from the US and plays a major role in the CMS detector commissioning, and in the design and development of the detector upgrade. Fermilab is the host laboratory for USCMS, which includes researchers from 50 U.S. universities including 715 students. Fermilab hosts the largest CMS Tier 1 computing center, handling approximately 40% of global CMS Tier 1 computing requests. On February 9, 2022, Fermilab's
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project is to refurbish and replace 40 year-old
Booster cavities. Many cavities have been refurbished and tested to operate at 15 Hz. The completion of cavity refurbishment is expected in 2015, after which the repetition rate can be gradually increased to 15 Hz operation. A longer term upgrade is to replace the Booster cavities with a new design. The research and development of the new cavities is underway, with replacement expected in 2018.
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the Linac to inject to the
Booster with 800 MeV. The first option considered was to add 400 MeV "afterburner" superconducting Linac at the tail end of the existing 400 MeV. This would have required moving the existing Linac up 50 metres (160 ft). However, there were many technical issues with this approach. Instead, Fermilab is building a new 800 MeV superconducting Linac to inject to the Booster ring.
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162.5 MHz and energy increasing from 0.03 MeV. The first segment of Linac will be operated at 162.5 MHz and energy increased up to 11 MeV. The second segment of Linac will be operated at 325 MHz and energy increased up to 177 MeV. The last segment of linac will be operated at 650 MHz and will have the final energy level of 800 MeV.
1086:. The measurements DUNE will make are expected to greatly increase the physics community's understanding of neutrinos and their role in the universe, thereby better elucidating the nature of matter and anti-matter. It will send the world's highest-intensity neutrino beam to a near detector on the Fermilab site and the far detector 800 miles (1300 km) away at SURF.
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decision by the
Department of Energy Office of Science to phase the experiment. Phase I would consist of two modules, to be completed in 2028–29, and the beamline, to be completed in 2032. The installation of phase II, the remaining two far detector modules, is not yet planned and will be at a cost above the $ 3B estimate for phase I.
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2024, Fermilab
Director Lia Merminga issued a terse response to concerned scientists, saying: "The document asserts various challenges at Fermilab, some of which are inaccurate, and others of which has been working hard to address for some time." At an All Hands Meeting, Merminga also told scientific staff to "stop whining.”
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particular, tritium produced in the NuMI beamline that send neutrinos to experiments in
Minnesota has been pumped into the industrial water cooling system that is used for equipment across the Fermilab campus. As a result, it is concluded that now "tritium contamination is largely throughout the research complex."
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non-public information"---reasoning that conflicts with the petition that points out that the lab is fully tax-payer funded, does no classified research, and has a government mandate to publish all of its scientific results. Further coverage of the petition and the management response appeared in the magazines
1378:, the furloughs apparently stemmed from poorly managed growth: "from 2022 to 2023 alone, grew by 176 members, or 9%, to 2160." Tracy Marc, head of Fermilab's media services, told WTTW News that, despite the closure, "the overall financial health of the laboratory remains intact and is being managed".
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Even smaller experiments, below the cost-level of individual P5 approval, that were proposed at the time of the 2014 P5 suffered considerable delay. The Short-Baseline Near
Detector (SBND) that was proposed in 2014 with a $ 10M cost scale was originally scheduled for data taking in spring 2018, but
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According to the 2016 Conceptual Design Report, the first two modules were expected to be complete in 2024, with the beam operational in 2026. The final modules were planned to be operational in 2027. In 2022, the cost for two far detector modules and the beam, alone, had risen to $ 3B. This led to a
568:
The next stage of acceleration is a linear particle accelerator (linac). This stage consists of two segments. The first segment has five drift tube cavities, operating at 201 MHz. The second stage has seven side-coupled cavities, operating at 805 MHz. At the end of linac, the particles
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to the site, a bull and four cows, and an additional 21 were provided by the
Illinois Department of Conservation. Some fearful locals believed at first that the bison were introduced in order to serve as an alarm if and when radiation at the laboratory reached dangerous levels, but they were assured
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Due to a 2024 FY budget shortfall, Fermilab announced furlough of employees and closure of its operations and public access for one week in August---an action that added to the considerable strife at the laboratory. The need for a furlough was surprising since the budget grew "a hefty 7.6% to $ 739
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Although these replacements represent a substantial turn-over of the top ranks, the new management was drawn from the 2014-2022 management team and
Fermilab has continued to suffer turmoil since this change-over. In particular, new issues arose with regard to safety and access of employees, visitors
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near the Booster ring in order to take advantage of existing electrical and water, and cryogenic infrastructure. The PIP-II Linac will have low energy beam transport line (LEBT), radio frequency quadrupole (RFQ), and medium energy beam transport line (MEBT) operated at the room temperature at with a
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drive system which was acceptable for 7 Hz but not 15 Hz operation. A demonstration project in 2004 converted one of the stations to solid state drive before the PIP project. As part of the project, the remaining stations were converted to solid state in 2013. Another major part of the PIP
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gas. The gas is introduced into a container lined with molybdenum electrodes, each a matchbox-sized, oval-shaped cathode and a surrounding anode, separated by 1 mm and held in place by glass ceramic insulators. A magnetron generates a plasma to form the ions near the metal surface. The ions are
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Also, in 2020, the high-energy physics community expressed concern that the cost of major projects at Fermilab have led to diversion of funds from the high-energy physics core research program, harming the health of the field. Congress increased the annual HEP budget from less than $ 800 million by
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The overall goals of PIP are to increase the repetition rate of the Booster beam from 7 Hz to 15 Hz and replace old hardware to increase reliability of the operation. Before the start of the PIP project, a replacement of the pre-accelerator injector was underway. The replacement of almost
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In the late 2010s and early 2020s, the management of Fermilab began to introduce severe restrictions on access to the Fermilab site by the public and by scientists. By spring 2023, the restrictions had become so onerous that more than 2500 physicists and visitors to the laboratory signed an "open
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The report was delivered to the deputy director for Operations of the DOE Office of Science Dr. Juston Fontaine and the DOE Under Secretary for Science and Innovation Geraldine Richmond in June 2024. It was released to the public one month later, after DOE officials did not respond. On July 29,
1369:
On September 1, 2023, Chief Research Officer Bonnie Fleming announced that the Fermilab accelerator system was temporarily shut down for safety reasons. On September 9, 2022, DOE issued order DOE O 420.2D entitled "Safety of Accelerators". This document establishes the accelerator-specific safety
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On May 25, 2023, a contractor fell 23 ft while attempting to secure reinforcing bars on a wall for the new PIP II project site. The contactor was air-lifted to hospital in an accident considered the worst on site in decades. A DOE-appointed Accident Investigation Board concluded that the incident
771:
target at 120 GeV and the power near 1 MW at 60 GeV with a possibility to extend the power to 2 MW in the future. The plan should also support the current 8 GeV experiments including Mu2e, Muon g−2, and other short-baseline neutrino experiments. These require an upgrade to
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to RFQ started in 2009 and completed in 2012. At the Linac stage, the analog beam position monitor (BPM) modules were replaced with digital boards in 2013. A replacement of Linac vacuum pumps and related hardware is expected to be completed in 2015. A study on the replacement of 201 MHz drift
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At an informational meeting for potential bidders for the management contract, held on March 1, 2023, the presentation slides indicated that although the rate of tritium leaving site is below the required standards, there is sufficient tritium contamination on site to represent a "challenge". In
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The Department of Energy raised flags as early as Fiscal Year (FY) 2019. Each year, the US Department of Energy Office of Science reviews and grades the national laboratories in its portfolio on eight performance metrics. Fermilab has received the lowest grades among the national laboratories in
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Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (aka Fermilab) was founded in 1967 as an open science research laboratory, and, to this day, does not conduct classified research. The initial plans called for Fermilab to employ a guard force "...to control movement of personnel onto the site when tests are
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In view of the many issues facing the laboratory, in January 2023, the DOE announced a two-year process to rebid the contract for the management of the laboratory due to the performance issues. The DOE announcement of the competition explained: "the purpose of this contract competition is to
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The resulting protons then enter the booster ring, a 468 m (1,535 ft) circumference circular accelerator whose magnets bend beams of protons around a circular path. The protons travel around the Booster about 20,000 times in 33 milliseconds, adding energy with each revolution
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In May 2023, Director Lia Merminga posted a response to the petition on the Fermilab website, noting that some areas on site remain open to the public during specific hours with ID access requirements. Merminga's response justifies the new restrictions because the lab "manage a large amount of
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requirements for DOE-funded accelerators and their operations. Fermilab management had one year to comply with the order, but did not meet the requirements in that timeframe. The Fermilab Main Accelerator resumed running after the DOE O 420.2D implementation was complete, in late spring, 2024.
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During this time-frame, the laboratory also established a new program in research in cutting-edge information science, including the development of quantum teleportation technology for the quantum internet and increasing the lifetime of superconducting resonators for use in quantum computers.
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The final acceleration is applied by the Main Injector , which is the smaller of the two rings in the last picture below (foreground). Completed in 1999, it has become Fermilab's "particle switchyard" in that it can route protons to any of the experiments installed along the beam lines after
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and the fact that the claimant had submitted a complaint to Fermilab which took no action appears in court documents. A recurring comment by scientists to the press that supports concerns in the report is fear of retribution by Fermilab leadership if concerns are raised. In order for the
441:, under whom the laboratory opened ahead of time and under budget. Many of the sculptures on the site are of his creation. He is the namesake of the site's high-rise laboratory building, whose unique shape has become the symbol for Fermilab and which is the center of activity on the campus.
1072:(SURF), in Lead, SD, is the site selected to house the massive far detector. The term "baseline" refers to the distance between the neutrino source and the detector. The far detector current design is for four modules of instrumented liquid argon with a fiducial volume of 10 kilotons each.
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The report also recounted a litany of complaints concerning day-to-day running of the laboratory that have been reported in this article, above, as well as a new claim of "PIP-II contingency overruns within one year from CD3 approval" that could potentially impact the LBNF/DUNE program.
389:(LHC); it serves as a Tier 1 site in the Worldwide LHC Computing Grid. Fermilab also pursues research in quantum information science. It founded the Fermilab Quantum Institute in 2019. Since 2020, it also is home to the SQMS (Superconducting Quantum Materials and Systems) Center.
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As of 2022, the estimated PIP-II accelerator start date for the accelerator is 2028. The project was approved for construction in April 2022 with an expected cost to the Department of Energy of $ 978M and with an additional $ 330M in contributions from international partners.
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In August 2023, the Fermilab group said they may be getting closer to proving the existence of a new force of nature. They have found more evidence that sub-atomic particles, called muons, are not behaving in the way predicted by the current theory of sub-atomic physics.
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being conducted" as noted in the December 1971 Environmental Statement and "..to enforce the site boundary". Early leadership moved toward greater public openness allowing for ease of scientific collaboration and public enjoyment to include the relocated bison heard.
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For credibility, the report provided detailed eye-witness accounts to support the allegations. Beyond that, some information has been previously publicly reported. For example, the first allegation concerning an egregious case of sexual harassment was reported in
1961:
1196:. Measurements of the electron are in excellent agreement with this computation. The Brookhaven experiment did this measurement for muons, a much more technically difficult measurement due to their short lifetime, and detected a tantalizing, but not definitive,
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was preventable and "recommended a long list of managerial and safety controls needed to prevent a recurrence of such an accident." As a result of the accident, the $ 1B PIP II project that is crucial for the success of the DUNE Experiment has been delayed.
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Recognizing higher demands of proton beams to support new experiments, Fermilab began to improve their accelerators in 2011. Expected to continue for many years, the project has two phases: Proton Improvement Plan (PIP) and Proton Improvement Plan-II (PIP-II).
304:. The accelerator complex that feeds the Main Injector is under upgrade, and construction of the first building for the new PIP-II linear accelerator began in 2020. Until 2011, Fermilab was the home of the 6.28 km (3.90 mi) circumference
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twice. His standing in the community lends additional credibility to the report. A second signed letter of support from William Barletta of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology was also included with the report uploaded to the arXiv.
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tubes is still ongoing. At the boosting stage, a major component of the PIP is to upgrade the Booster ring to 15 Hz operation. The Booster has 19 radio frequency stations. Originally, the Booster stations were operating without
520:, the first accelerator to reach one "tera-electron-volt" energy. At 3.9 miles (6.3 km), it was the world's fourth-largest particle accelerator in circumference. One of its most important achievements was the 1995 discovery of the
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1615:. Tritium levels measured on site are low compared to federal health and environmental standards. Fermilab monitors tritium leaving the site in surface and sewer water, and provides an FAQ sheet for those who want to learn more.
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whistleblowers to remain anonymous, the report was uploaded to the arXiv preprint server by Giorgio Bellettini, who is a respected leader in the field of particle physics, having served as spokesman of the collaboration for the
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Fermilab's first director, Robert Wilson, insisted that the site's aesthetic complexion not be marred by a collection of concrete block buildings. The design of the administrative building (Wilson Hall) was inspired by
3693:"Finding From Particle Research Could Break Known Laws of Physics - It's not the next Higgs boson — yet. But the best explanation, physicists say, involves forms of matter and energy not currently known to science"
1962:"White House Office of Technology Policy, National Science Foundation and Department of Energy announce over $ 1 billion in awards for artificial intelligence and quantum information science research institutes"
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with the enabling Long Baseline Neutrino Facility was proposed to P5 as a $ 1B project; the cost estimate in 2021 dollars was more than $ 3B, with far detector operations beginning 2029 and full operation by
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million" in fiscal year 2024. Beyond this, the six month accelerator shut down for DOE O 420.2D noncompliance should have represented substantial savings in the operations budget. According to the journal
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with a diameter of more than 8 feet (2.4 m). Also scattered about the access roads and village are a massive hydraulic press and old magnetic containment channels, all painted blue.
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Acciarri, R.; et al. (2016). "Long-Baseline Neutrino Facility (LBNF) and Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE) Conceptual Design Report Volume 1: The LBNF and DUNE Projects".
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at a combined energy of 1.96 TeV. Lederman stepped down in 1989 and remained director emeritus until his death. The science education center at the site was named in his honor.
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4389:"Department of Energy Issues Request for Information and Launches New Website for the Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory Management and Operating Contract Competition"
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A large prototype detector constructed at CERN took data with a test beam from 2018 to 2020. The results show that ProtoDUNE performed with greater than 99% efficiency.
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electrostatic field giving the ions their second acceleration. At the exit of RFQ, the beam is matched by medium energy beam transport (MEBT) into the entrance of the
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In keeping with Real ID requirements for DOE facilities, all unescorted adult visitors entering the site must present a government-issued photo ID compliant with the
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FY2019, 2020, 2021 and 2022. A rare C grade was assigned for project management in 2021, reflective of the delays and cost overruns. In an article in the journal
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1553:, a free-standing arrangement of steel tubes near the Industrial Complex constructed from parts and materials recycled from the Tevatron collider, and the soaring
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The Brookhaven experiment ended in 2001, but 10 years later Fermilab acquired the equipment, and is working to make a more accurate measurement (smaller
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In 2018, the experiment started taking data at Fermilab. In 2021, the laboratory reported that results from initial study involving the particle challenged the
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Fermilab physicists continue to play a key role in the world-wide collider program. The LHC Physics Center (LPC) at Fermilab is a regional center of the
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the magnet to improve its magnetic field uniformity. This had been done at Brookhaven, but was disturbed by the move and had to be re-done at Fermilab.
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style. Several of the buildings and sculptures within the Fermilab reservation represent various mathematical constructs as part of their structure.
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of particle physics, especially neutrino physics and rare physics searches using muons. A program exploring nucleon structure is also continuing.
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1192:) is very nearly 2. The difference from 2 (the "anomalous" part) depends on the lepton, and can be computed quite exactly based on the current
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LBNF/DUNE program in neutrino physics plans to measure fundamental physical parameters with high precision and to explore physics beyond the
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Construction of the first building for the PIP-II accelerator began in 2020. The new Linac site will be located on top of a small portion of
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took on the job. It was under his guidance that the original accelerator was replaced with the Tevatron, an accelerator capable of colliding
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Since 2013, the first stage in the acceleration process (pre-accelerator injector) in the Fermilab chain of accelerators takes place in two
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1106:(Neutrinos at the Main Injector) beam, which is an intense beam of neutrinos that travels 455 miles (732 km) through the Earth to the
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1394:"The alleged sexual assault of the NOvA and DUNE collaborator who filed and won her 2022 lawsuit in the UK was dismissed by FNAL staff."
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4135:"Fermilab's $ 1 billion accelerator project remains on hold during investigation into May accident that injured a construction worker"
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Awida, M.H.; Foley, M.; Gonin, I.; Grassellino, A.; Grimm, C.; Khabiboulline, T.; Lunin, A.; Rowe, A.; Yakovlev, V. (September 2014).
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as well as the building housing the MINOS experiment. The reflecting pond at Wilson Hall also showcases a 32-foot-tall (9.8 m)
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1234:, New York, to Fermilab in the summer of 2013. The move traversed 3,200 miles over 35 days, mostly on a barge down the
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3450:"First results on ProtoDUNE-SP liquid argon time projection chamber performance from a beam test at the CERN Neutrino Platform"
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is a popular attraction that draws many visitors and the grounds are also a sanctuary for other local wildlife populations. A
1294:("P5") recommended three major initiatives for construction on the Fermilab site. Two were particle physics experiments: the
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as MiniBooNE but had fine-grained tracking capabilities. The NOνA experiment uses, and the MINOS experiment used, Fermilab's
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An overview of the many issues facing a new contractor was published in January 2024 in the news section of the journal
1397:"A cover-up of a case of guns on site in 2023, with promotion of the perpetrator and pretextuous firing of the witness."
1302:. The third was the PIPII accelerator upgrade described above. Also, P5 recommended Fermilab participation in LHC at
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was the most powerful particle accelerator in the world, accelerating protons and antiprotons to energies of 980
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accelerator. The ring-shaped tunnels of the Tevatron and the Main Injector are visible from the air and by satellite.
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The MiniBooNE detector was a 40-foot (12 m) diameter sphere containing 800 tons of mineral oil lined with 1,520
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Starting in the 2010s, delays and cost over-runs led to substantial concerns about mismanagement of the laboratory.
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1400:"A cover-up of an attempt at badly hurting with an industrial vehicle a female electrician by a ... male employee."
1211:) which will either eliminate the discrepancy or, hopefully, confirm it as an experimentally observable example of
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On July 15, 2024, a report containing very serious allegations of cover-ups at the laboratory was uploaded to the
955:: The Accelerator Neutrino Neutron Interaction Experiment (Status, June 2023: completed run, planned future run)
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4080:"Groundbreaking particle physicist named Fermilab chief research officer and deputy director, UChicago professor"
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The goals of PIP-II include a plan to delivery 1.2 MW of proton beam power from the Main Injector to the
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for further acceleration but now provides the last push before the particles reach the beam line experiments.
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about $ 250M to more than $ 1 billion—a 30% increase that went mainly to support large projects at Fermilab.
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May, Michael P.; Fritz, James R.; Jurgens, Thomas G.; Miller, Harold W.; Olson, James; Snee, Daniel (1990).
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961:(DUNE), formerly known as Long Baseline Neutrino Experiment (LBNE) (Status, June 2023: planned future run)
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577:. Immediately before entering the next accelerator, the H ions pass through a carbon foil, becoming H ions (
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The magnet was refurbished and powered on in September 2015, and has been confirmed to have the same
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1406:"A hostile work environment, where constructive criticism is most often ignored and retaliated against."
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Fermilab's Main Injector, two miles (3.3 km) in circumference, is the laboratory's most powerful
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with an exceptionally uniform magnetic field. This was transported, in one piece, from Brookhaven in
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Since 2007, Fermilab has been operated by the Fermi Research Alliance (FRA), a joint venture of the
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A satellite view of Fermilab. The two circular structures are the Main Injector Ring (smaller) and
3047:"Three-Dimensional Superconducting Resonators at T < 20 mK with Photon Lifetimes up to τ = 2 s"
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The Fermilab project delays led to substantial change in leadership in 2022. In September 2021,
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3852:
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Mechanical construction of the 805 MHz side couple cavities for the Fermilab Linac upgrade
2459:
1784:"Trying to stay ahead of competition, U.S. pares down troubled $ 3 billion neutrino experiment"
1143:
experiment to measure the anomaly of the magnetic moment of a muon to a precision of 0.14
327:
each published articles describing the project as "troubled". Ongoing neutrino experiments are
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1403:"A cover-up of Beryllium windows blasting, with subsequent promotion of the person in charge."
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physics preprint server. The allegations, which were also reported in the press, included:
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4262:"Fermilab Whistleblower Report Alleges Sexual Harassment, Loaded Gun and 'Chaotic' Finances"
4218:. Vol. 385, no. 6710. Science. American Association for the Advancement of Science
4010:
3626:
3479:
3375:
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3019:
2913:
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1098:. An estimated 1 million neutrino events were recorded each year. SciBooNE sat in the same
889:
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814:
529:
475:
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319:(DUNE) now under construction. The project has suffered delays and, in 2022, the journals
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5857:
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1543:
1523:
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experiment was to produce preliminary results in 2020, but this is now delayed until 2026.
1095:
912:) experiment to make the space available for IARC (Illinois Accelerator Research Center).
755:
4932:
4782:
3484:
3449:
2992:
Valivarthi, Raju; et al. (2020). "Teleportation Systems Toward a Quantum Internet".
2223:
Carneiro, J.P.; Garcia, F.G.; Ostiguy, J.-F.; Saini, A.; Zwaska, R. (November 13, 2014).
1564:
601:
accelerating them to 120 GeV. Until 2011, the Main Injector provided protons to the
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Beam direction right to left: RFQ (silver), MEBT (green), first drift tube linac (blue)
574:
400:
4752:
3721:"First results from Fermilab's Muon g-2 experiment strengthen evidence of new physics"
2015:
7247:
4939:
4471:
4022:
3387:
3081:
3046:
3031:
2925:
2179:
2140:
Bandurin, Dmitry; et al. (2015). "Review of physics results from the Tevatron".
1699:
1351:
1278:
Delays, cost overruns, safety failures, and management turmoil in the 2010s and 2020s
829:
621:
Two ion sources at the center with two high-voltage electronics cabinets next to them
481:
215:
3616:"Magnetic Field shimming, Measurement and Control for the BNL Muon (g-2) Experiment"
2497:
2226:
Transmission efficiency measurement at the FNAL 4-rod RFQ (FERMILAB-CONF-14-452-APC)
1559:, which greets those entering the campus via the Pine Street entrance. Crowning the
1136:
1131:
998:
426:
voted out of existence by its village board in 1966 to provide a site for Fermilab.
5498:
5461:
4666:
3625:. 1999 Particle Accelerator Conference. Vol. 5. New York. pp. 3167–3169.
3323:
1888:
1355:
1253:
878:
847:
836:
825:
594:
487:
434:
117:
4922:
2619:
Development of 5 Cell Beta=0.9 650 MHz Cavities for Project X
2541:
1309:
As of 2022, two P5-recommended Fermilab projects had suffered substantial delays:
48:
995:: Muon-to-Electron Conversion Experiment (Status, June 2023: planned future run)
7001:
6981:
6157:
5619:
5486:
5481:
4158:"Injured worker flown to trauma center after fall at Fermilab construction site"
3537:
3023:
2917:
1628:
1534:
carrying power through the laboratory's land are built to echo the Greek letter
1479:
1231:
1107:
897:
4626:
1827:"Major shake-up coming for Fermilab, the troubled U.S. particle physics center"
1799:"Troubled U.S. Neutrino Project Faces Uncertain Future–and Fresh Opportunities"
6043:
4998:
4885:
4552:"Scientists and the public petition to roll back Fermilab access restrictions"
4288:"Fermilab is 'doomed' without management overhaul claims whistleblower report"
2171:
1988:
1028:
SBND: Short-Baseline Neutrino Detector (Status, June 2023: planned future run)
986:
980:
698:
697:
Fermilab's accelerator rings. The main injector is in the foreground, and the
602:
541:
516:, and producing proton-antiproton collisions with energies of up to 1.96
453:
444:
After Wilson stepped down in 1978 to protest the lack of funding for the lab,
360:
186:
4567:
4014:
3198:
989:: Main INjector ExpeRiment with νs on As (Status, June 2023: completed run)
877:
In 1999, physicists at on the KTeV experiment were also the first to observe
161:
148:
7163:
4834:
3630:
2591:
1527:
1512:
1111:
974:
810:
521:
352:
4551:
3623:
Proceedings of the 1999 Particle Accelerator Conference (Cat. No.99CH36366)
1482:. Up-to-date specifics about access can be found on the Fermilab website.
39:
4051:"Lia Merminga appointed director of Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory"
3348:
Machado, Pedro (2019). "The Short-Baseline Neutrino Program at Fermilab".
2098:"Lia Merminga appointed director of Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory"
1114:
and the Ash River, Minnesota, site of the NOνA far detector. In 2017, the
6793:
Institute for the Study of Ancient Cultures, West Asia & North Africa
6588:‡This populated place also has portions in an adjacent county or counties
6081:‡This populated place also has portions in an adjacent county or counties
5290:
4311:"Former UCL academic to pay damages after harassing colleague for months"
2692:"PIP-II: An international effort breaking new ground in particle physics"
1596:
1504:
1185:
1158:
1041:
776:
702:
658:
606:
597:
per second, reaching a peak magnetic field strength of around 0.5 tesla.
545:
509:
382:
356:
312:
305:
139:
54:
6617:
2842:"Tevatron scientists announce their final results on the Higgs particle"
17:
5657:
4180:
3879:
1912:"Argonne, Fermilab at Forefront of 'Transformational' Quantum Research"
1608:
1012:
983:: Micro Booster Neutrino Experiment (Status, June 2023: completed run)
348:
332:
283:
977:: Mini Booster Neutrino Experiment (Status, June 2023: completed run)
5030:
2119:
Shiltsev, Vladimir (2012). "Achievements and Lessons from Tevatron".
1508:
947:
List of recent past, ongoing, and planned experiments running on-site
578:
449:
92:
4185:, Environment, Safety and Health Dept., Fermilab, September 26, 2023
2778:"Physicists Find First Direct Evidence for Tau Neutrino at Fermilab"
1068:(ILC). Fermilab will be the site of LBNF's future beamline, and the
3466:
3433:
3362:
3298:
3063:
3006:
2900:
1858:
1700:"Current and Future High Power Operation of Fermilab Main Injector"
5716:
4501:
3567:
from the original on December 8, 2015 – via Chicago Tribune.
2242:
2154:
2125:
1489:
1387:
1217:
1153:
952:
840:
799:
797:
The following particles were first directly observed at Fermilab:
754:
410:
344:
4914:
7188:
6217:
5466:
3884:
Director's Progress Review of the SBN Program, December 15, 2015
1639:
1322:
1303:
1299:
1270:, with the potential for discovery of new forces and particles.
1174:
1119:
1103:
1064:(LHC), and Japan, which has been approved to build and lead the
1053:
1006:
992:
920:
882:
377:
On-site experiments outside of the neutrino program include the
336:
6621:
6114:
5576:
5055:
Office of Cybersecurity, Energy Security, & Energy Response
4943:
4525:"From Director Lia Merminga: Accessing Fermilab's Batavia site"
2395:"Next-gen particle accelerator magnet ramps up at record speed"
1786:. Science, American Association for the Advancement of Science.
645:
A 7835 power amplifier that is used at the first stage of linac
4239:"Fermilab to Close Temporarily in August Due to Budget Issues"
4216:"Trouble and strife deepen at famed U.S. particle physics lab"
3401:
1729:"Two construction projects reach major milestones at Fermilab"
1539:
586:
570:
558:
550:
517:
513:
4694:"The genetic purity and diversity of the Fermilab bison herd"
4082:. University of Chicago. Physical Sciences. September 7, 2022
2886:
Kroc, Thomas (2017). "Illinois Accelerator Research Center".
2038:"Fermilab director Oddone announces plan to retire next year"
1256:
basic magnetic field uniformity that it had before the move.
589:. In 2021, the lab announced that its latest superconducting
6687:
Graham School of Continuing Liberal and Professional Studies
6216:
5715:
3938:. Office of Science, Department of Energy. December 20, 2021
3273:
3223:
2711:"Fermilab Accelerator Upgrade Moves Into Construction Phase"
1762:
High Energy Physics Advisory Panel November 1–2, 2021 Agenda
971:(LNGS) and moved to Fermilab. (Status, June 2023: running)
896:
each made important contributions to the observation of the
4804:
3932:"Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory FY 2021 Report Card"
3773:
Report of the Particle Physics Project Prioritization Panel
3147:
1535:
939:
The on-site program in the 2020s is largely focused on the
4864:
Fermilab | History and Archives | Site and Natural History
4420:. Department of Energy Office of Science. December 6, 2022
3991:"US high-energy physics faces compounding budget tensions"
3831:"Straws, crystals and the quest for new subatomic physics"
3746:"Scientists at Fermilab close in on fifth force of nature"
3557:"Fermilab brings super magnet to life after 10 years"
3123:"LBNF/DUNE: An international flagship neutrino experiment"
3096:
2819:"Fermilab Physicists Find New Matter-Antimatter Asymmetry"
2234:
27th International Linear Accelerator Conference (LINAC14)
1354:, Director of Fermilab, resigned. Lockyer was replaced by
828:, which was observed as a quark-antiquark pair called the
3248:
553:
and matched by low energy beam transport (LEBT) into the
7259:
United States Department of Energy national laboratories
4613:"Fermilab site reopens to the public, welcomes visitors"
4472:"Leading US particle-physics lab faces uncertain future"
3807:
3538:"Physics Phoenix: Plotting the Journey of Muon g–2"
2979:"Fermilab's Patty McBride elected next CMS spokesperson"
2939:
2800:"Fermilab physicists discover "doubly strange" particle"
4909:
4451:. Department of Energy Office of Science. March 7, 2023
2865:"Retired equipment lives on in new physics experiments"
763:
cavities to be used in the last segment of PIP-II Linac
673:
A cutaway view of the 805 MHz side-couple cavities
385:. Fermilab continues to participate in the work at the
27:
High-energy particle physics laboratory in Illinois, US
3976:"Particle Physicists Feel Squeeze From Major Projects"
2626:
2585:
MegaWatt Proton Beams for Particle Physics at Fermilab
1530:
obelisk, designed by Wilson. Some of the high-voltage
593:
magnet could increase field strength at a rate of 290
4500:. Physicists and visitors to Fermilab. Archived from
4103:"SC's New Associate Director for High Energy Physics"
3663:"Fermilab's Muon g-2 experiment officially starts up"
2469:
Proceedings of the 1990 Linear Accelerator Conference
1935:"Fermilab launches new institute for quantum science"
1580:
by Fermilab that this claim had no merit. Today, the
1226:
Central to the experiment is a 50 foot-diameter
1222:
Transportation of the 600 ton magnet to Fermilab
315:
physics. It is the host of the multi-billion dollar
5080:
Under Secretary of Energy for Science and Innovation
2964:
343:
Appearance). Completed neutrino experiments include
7279:
Buildings and structures in DuPage County, Illinois
7197:
7127:
7076:
7010:
6897:
6867:
6720:
6664:
6657:
6583:
6481:
6463:
6370:
6228:
6174:
6076:
6042:
5952:
5894:
5727:
5636:
5554:
5449:
5170:
5137:
5123:
5078:
5060:
5048:
5011:
1031:
SpinQuest (Status, June 2023: planned future run)
927:was elected spokesperson of the CMS collaboration.
904:
Evolution of the post-Tevatron experimental program
585:
until they leave the Booster accelerated to 8
524:, announced by research teams using the Tevatron's
235:
221:
205:
185:
177:
131:
123:
111:
101:
91:
81:
62:
4590:"Fermilab faces protest over visitor restrictions"
1165:Fermilab is continuing an experiment conducted at
1161:building (white and orange) which hosts the magnet
331:(Imaging Cosmic and Rare Underground Signals) and
226:
7284:Buildings and structures in Kane County, Illinois
7264:Federally Funded Research and Development Centers
4037:"Nigel Lockyer to step down as Fermilab director"
2542:5th International Particle Accelerator Conference
1286:Oversight issues that developed from 2014 to 2022
1204:between the measured value and the computed one.
5125:Assistant Secretary of Energy for Nuclear Energy
5105:Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy
4066:"DOE High Energy Physics Program Head to Retire"
3500:"ICARUS neutrino experiment to move to Fermilab"
1636:— operates the US National Laboratory on the ISS
1588:has occurred at the lab every year since 1976.
1538:. One can also find structural examples of the
1040:Fermilab strives to become the world leader in
5062:Under Secretary of Energy for Nuclear Security
5021:Office of Intelligence and Counterintelligence
3846:
3844:
3808:"Mu2e: muon-to-electron-conversion experiment"
3249:"Mu2e: muon-to-electron-conversion experiment"
3224:"MINERvA: Bringing neutrinos into sharp focus"
2627:27th Linear Accelerator Conference (LINAC2014)
2544:. Dresden, Germany. 2014. pp. 3409–3411.
2358:
2356:
1634:Center for the Advancement of Science in Space
6633:
6126:
5588:
5450:Energy Department Facilities and Reservations
5110:Office of Fossil Energy and Carbon Management
4955:
3576:
3574:
3350:Annual Review of Nuclear and Particle Science
2194:"Animation of Fermilab's Accelerator Complex"
1859:"Preparing Fermilab to Carry Out the P5 Plan"
1852:
1850:
1848:
1846:
1844:
1292:Particle Physics Project Prioritization Panel
437:in 1974. The laboratory's first director was
347:(Main Injector Neutrino Oscillation Search),
8:
5050:Under Secretary of Energy for Infrastructure
4281:
4279:
3515:"ICARUS prepares to chase a fourth neutrino"
2726:"Physicists Weigh In: The Quark Is a Porker"
2290:
2288:
2286:
1820:
1818:
1816:
705:(inactive since 2011) are in the background.
32:
4562:(5). American Institute of Physics: 0525a.
4209:
4207:
4205:
4203:
4201:
4199:
3910:U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science
3324:"Argonne Physics Division - E-906/SeaQuest"
2578:
2576:
1777:
1775:
1773:
1771:
1599:to selected structures around the grounds.
919:Collaboration (the experiment is housed at
6661:
6640:
6626:
6618:
6133:
6119:
6111:
5720:Map of Illinois highlighting DuPage County
5595:
5581:
5573:
4962:
4948:
4940:
2531:"FNAL – The Proton Improvement Plan (PIP)"
2417:
2415:
1330:is now scheduled to begin in autumn 2023.
429:The laboratory was founded in 1969 as the
311:Fermilab aims to become a world center in
38:
31:
4439:
4437:
4435:
4128:
4126:
4124:
3963:. Department of Energy Office of Science.
3483:
3465:
3432:
3361:
3080:
3062:
3005:
2899:
2629:. Geneva, Switzerland. pp. 171–173.
2241:
2153:
2142:International Journal of Modern Physics A
2124:
1857:A Group of Whistleblowers from Fermilab.
1674:"DOE FY 2025 Congressional Justification"
1593:Forest Preserve District of DuPage County
1433:Rebid of the Fermilab contract, 2023–2024
394:Illinois Technology and Research Corridor
359:(SciBar Booster Neutrino Experiment) and
6925:Francis and Rose Yuen (Hong Kong) campus
6707:Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering
6221:Map of Illinois highlighting Kane County
5070:National Nuclear Security Administration
5031:Advanced Research Projects Agency-Energy
4745:"Safety and the Environment at Fermilab"
4182:DOE O 420.2D Implementation Assist Visit
3448:Abi, B; et al. (December 3, 2020).
3045:Romanenko, A; et al. (March 2020).
2751:"Discovery of the bottom quark, Upsilon"
1549:Wilson's sculptures on the site include
1147:, which will be a sensitive test of the
1019:Appearance (Status, June 2023: running)
717:The E989 storage-ring magnet at Fermilab
6753:Chicago Project on Security and Threats
6712:School of Social Service Administration
4649:"Fermilab History and Archives Project"
4531:. Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory
4369:. Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory
4133:Channick, Robert (September 14, 2023).
3859:. Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory
3513:Steffel, Catherine N. (March 2, 2020).
3408:. Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory
3154:. Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory
3103:. Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory
2806:from the original on September 5, 2008.
2757:. Fermilab History and Archives Project
2668:(Report). Fermilab. December 12, 2013.
2508:from the original on September 17, 2015
2296:"Fermilab Linac Slide Show Description"
1665:
1607:During running, particle beams produce
611:
6748:Center for Research in Security Prices
6692:Harris School of Public Policy Studies
4655:from the original on January 18, 2017.
4393:Department of Energy Office of Science
3958:"2020 HEPAP COV Report on HEP Program"
3650:from the original on December 7, 2015.
3544:from the original on December 8, 2015.
2525:
2523:
2204:from the original on December 11, 2021
2078:from the original on November 14, 2017
1722:
1720:
4910:Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory
4779:Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory
4160:. Chicago Tribune. Aurora Beacon News
4137:. Tribune Publishing. Chicago Tribune
4068:. FYI, American Institute of Physics.
3978:. FYI, American Institute of Physics.
3829:Bernstein, Maxwell (March 24, 2022).
3595:from the original on December 8, 2015
2713:. FYI: American Institute of Physics.
2439:from the original on October 18, 2015
2423:"35 years of H ions at Fermilab"
1542:double-helix spiral and a nod to the
1070:Sanford Underground Research Facility
549:accelerated by the source to 35
532:detectors. It was shut down in 2011.
403:is named in honor of the laboratory.
363:(Micro Booster Neutrino Experiment).
272:Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory
33:Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory
7:
7289:Education in DuPage County, Illinois
6889:Housing at the University of Chicago
5562:Federal Energy Regulatory Commission
4669:. About Fermilab. December 1, 2005.
4470:Garisto, Daniel (January 24, 2024).
4039:. Fermilab News. September 10, 2021.
3989:William Thomas (November 21, 2021).
3581:Kiburg, Brendan (October 26, 2015).
3536:Ruppel, Emily (September 30, 2011).
2863:Ayshford, Emily (January 30, 2019).
1315:Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment
1296:Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment
1139:: (pronounced "gee minus two") is a
1046:Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment
959:Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment
832:announced in 1977 by Experiment 228.
769:Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment
508:(LHC) near Geneva, Switzerland, the
504:Prior to the startup in 2008 of the
317:Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment
77:(as National Accelerator Laboratory)
4933:Architecture at the Fermilab campus
4751:. December 30, 2005. Archived from
4692:Shivni, Rashmi (January 27, 2016).
3878:Wilson, Peter (December 15, 2015).
2672:from the original on April 22, 2016
2583:Holmes, Steve (December 16, 2013).
2374:from the original on August 4, 2015
2341:from the original on April 22, 2016
2306:from the original on April 18, 2016
2271:from the original on April 23, 2016
1933:Salles, Andre (November 18, 2019).
1755:"HEP Project Status, Mike Procario"
1025:(Status, June 2023: completed run)
1009:(Status, June 2023: completed run)
969:Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso
793:Discoveries by Fermilab experiments
7294:Education in Kane County, Illinois
6141:Municipalities and communities of
5603:Municipalities and communities of
4971:United States Department of Energy
4923:Other Fermilab online publications
4673:from the original on April 3, 2007
4342:. 5RB Media and Communications Law
4309:Abdul, Geneva (October 12, 2022).
4260:Rutecki, Jared (August 16, 2024).
3661:Martin, Bruno (February 6, 2018).
3555:Lord, Steve (September 26, 2015).
3540:. Brookhaven National Laboratory.
3380:10.1146/annurev-nucl-101917-020949
2840:Kurt, Reisselmann (July 2, 2012).
2590:(Report). Fermilab. Archived from
2561:from the original on June 26, 2015
1995:from the original on March 5, 2010
1655:Stanford Linear Accelerator Center
1346:Oversight issues from 2022 to 2024
1194:Standard Model of particle physics
288:United States Department of Energy
25:
7053:Kenwood Astrophysical Observatory
6738:Center for Middle Eastern Studies
5162:Western Area Power Administration
5157:Southwestern Power Administration
5152:Southeastern Power Administration
5026:Energy Information Administration
4815:from the original on July 1, 2018
4781:. August 24, 2001. Archived from
4449:Office of Acquisitions Management
4286:Gwynne, Peter (August 15, 2024).
4179:"9:30 Current Program Overview",
3974:Will Thomas (December 16, 2020).
3851:Ayshford, Emily (December 2022).
2817:O'Boyle, LuAnne (March 1, 1999).
2724:Johnson, George (March 5, 1995).
2646:from the original on July 2, 2015
2478:from the original on July 7, 2015
2467:. Linear Accelerator Conference.
2393:Lavars, Nick (December 2, 2021).
1960:Biron, Lauren (August 26, 2020).
1910:Caine, Paul (September 1, 2020).
1797:Lewton, Thomas (April 13, 2022).
1522:is the defining shape of several
1213:physics beyond the Standard Model
661:used at the second stage of linac
372:Universities Research Association
200:Universities Research Association
6833:Sonia Shankman Orthogenic School
6818:National Opinion Research Center
5039:
4718:Sharos, David (April 22, 2019).
4418:Office of Acquisition Management
4237:Rutecki, Jared (July 19, 2024).
4064:Will Thomas (February 7, 2022).
3174:"Intensity Frontier | MiniBooNE"
3082:10.1103/PhysRevApplied.13.034032
2471:. Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA.
2044:. August 2, 2012. Archived from
1171:anomalous magnetic dipole moment
1090:About other neutrino experiments
1003:anomalous magnetic dipole moment
839:, announced in July 2000 by the
710:
690:
678:
666:
650:
638:
626:
614:
253:
252:
245:
136:Winfield Township, DuPage County
47:
7319:Research institutes in Illinois
7314:Institutes associated with CERN
7299:1967 establishments in Illinois
7119:University Athletic Association
7023:Cannon v. University of Chicago
6910:George Herbert Jones Laboratory
6743:Center for Population Economics
5147:Bonneville Power Administration
4835:"Fermilab Christmas Bird Count"
4592:. IOP Publishing. Physics World
4588:Gwynne, Peter (June 19, 2023).
4414:"M&O Contract Competitions"
4367:Fermilab Historical Information
4290:. Physics World. IOP Publishing
4214:Cho, Adrian (August 14, 2024).
4053:. Fermilab News. April 5, 2022.
3853:"Neutrino Detector On the Move"
2802:. Fermilab. September 9, 2008.
2776:Jackson, Judy (July 20, 2000).
2709:Thomas, Will (April 25, 2022).
2666:Proton Improvement Plan II
2014:Kolb, Adrienne (May 19, 2017).
1727:Biron, Lauren (July 22, 2020).
1050:Long Baseline Neutrino Facility
557:(RFQ) which applies a 750
431:National Accelerator Laboratory
7304:Theoretical physics institutes
6915:Gerald Ratner Athletics Center
6843:Toyota Technological Institute
5139:Power Marketing Administration
4860:"Birds Find Haven at Fermilab"
4611:Marc, Tracy (March 28, 2022).
4523:Merminga, Lia (May 16, 2023).
3906:"Laboratory Appraisal Process"
3485:10.1088/1748-0221/15/12/P12004
2100:. Fermilab News. April 5, 2022
1825:Cho, Adrian (March 22, 2023).
1511:, though it was realized in a
1167:Brookhaven National Laboratory
484:, September 2013 to April 2022
1:
7048:University of Chicago sit-ins
6945:Joe and Rika Mansueto Library
4720:"Baby bison born at Fermilab"
4494:"Petition to Reopen Fermilab"
4156:Jones, Megan (May 25, 2023).
3719:Marc, Tracy (April 7, 2021).
2068:"New Fermilab director named"
1883:National Science Foundation.
1782:Adrian Cho (March 29, 2022).
1575:In 1967, Wilson brought five
1422:Collider Detector at Fermilab
1066:International Linear Collider
910:Collider Detector at Fermilab
908:Fermilab dismantled the CDF (
433:; it was renamed in honor of
7159:Contemporary Chamber Players
6808:Marine Biological Laboratory
4733:– via Chicago Tribune.
4550:Feder, Toni (May 25, 2023).
3936:Laboratory Appraisal Process
2498:"Wilson Hall & vicinity"
2200:. Fermilab. March 21, 2018.
1180:The magnetic dipole moment (
967:: Originally located at the
935:On-site program in the 2020s
925:Patricia McBride (physicist)
569:are accelerated to 400
536:Fermilab Accelerator Complex
381:fixed-target experiment and
293:specializing in high-energy
7309:Nuclear research institutes
7269:Particle physics facilities
6848:University of Chicago Press
6773:Comprehensive Cancer Center
6768:Committee on Social Thought
6758:Chicago school of economics
6728:Argonne National Laboratory
6702:Pritzker School of Medicine
4983:James V. Forrestal Building
4775:"Ecology/Nature - Wildlife"
3024:10.1103/PRXQuantum.1.020317
2918:10.1016/j.phpro.2017.09.030
1563:is a representation of the
1501:St. Pierre's Cathedral
739:Cockcroft–Walton generators
7340:
6962:Lorado Taft Midway Studios
5555:Related Independent Agency
5172:National Laboratory System
5013:Deputy Secretary of Energy
5003:Deputy Secretary of Energy
3810:. Fermilab. April 21, 2015
3669:. United States Government
3454:Journal of Instrumentation
3199:"MicroBooNE Collaboration"
2016:"The founding of Fermilab"
1968:. United States Government
1941:. United States Government
1885:"The US and LHC Computing"
1735:. United States Government
1595:, Fermilab has introduced
1129:
1116:ICARUS neutrino experiment
555:radio-frequency quadrupole
422:, was a community next to
415:Robert Rathbun Wilson Hall
392:Fermilab is a part of the
7063:Old University of Chicago
6823:Obama Presidential Center
6763:Comer Children's Hospital
6733:Becker Friedman Institute
6593:
6214:
6155:
6086:
5713:
5617:
5037:
4977:
3880:"SBN Program Coordinator"
2172:10.1142/S0217751X15410018
1382:2024 Whistleblower Report
813:announced in 1995 by the
459:The later directors are:
240:
192:U.S. Department of Energy
46:
37:
7058:Metallurgical Laboratory
6677:Booth School of Business
5131:Office of Nuclear Energy
5115:Office of Nuclear Energy
4568:10.1063/PT.6.2.20230525a
4015:10.1063/PT.6.2.20211119a
3303:NOvA Experiment Fermilab
2072:Crain's Chicago Business
478:, July 2005 to July 2013
472:, July 1999 to June 2005
7104:Lascivious Costume Ball
7043:Graduate Library School
5606:DuPage County, Illinois
4445:"Informational Meeting"
4101:Berhe, Asmeret Asefaw.
3631:10.1109/PAC.1999.792238
3051:Physical Review Applied
2696:Innovation News Network
2538:Proceedings of IPAC2014
1494:Interior of Wilson Hall
1184:) of a charged lepton (
804:Fermilab's CDF detector
723:Proton improvement plan
490:, April 2022 to present
7109:Latke–Hamantash Debate
6920:Henry Crown Fieldhouse
6788:James Franck Institute
6778:Enrico Fermi Institute
6222:
5721:
4109:. Department of Energy
3517:. symmetrymagazine.org
1495:
1259:The project worked on
1228:superconducting magnet
1223:
1162:
805:
764:
573:, or about 70% of the
416:
103:Field of research
68:; 56 years ago
7128:Student organizations
7077:Sports and traditions
6798:Institute of Politics
6650:University of Chicago
6220:
6144:Kane County, Illinois
5719:
5100:Office of Electricity
4928:Fermilab Virtual Tour
4886:"Tritium at Fermilab"
4755:on September 26, 2006
4667:"The Fermilab Campus"
4361:Bellettini, Giorgio.
3274:"Muon g-2 Experiment"
2325:Kubik, Donna (2005).
1863:arXiv Preprint Server
1801:. Scientific American
1493:
1221:
1157:
1062:Large Hadron Collider
1001:: Measurement of the
917:Compact Muon Solenoid
900:, announced in 2012.
803:
758:
506:Large Hadron Collider
439:Robert Rathbun Wilson
414:
387:Large Hadron Collider
368:University of Chicago
196:University of Chicago
162:41.83194°N 88.25722°W
6879:Burton–Judson Courts
6606:United States portal
6099:United States portal
4805:"Nature and Ecology"
4363:"Giorgio Bellettini"
3614:Redin, S.I. (1999).
2940:"LHC Physics Center"
2597:on September 5, 2015
2236:. pp. 168–170.
1586:Christmas Bird Count
1052:. Other leaders are
1044:physics through the
873:of Fermilab in 2008.
869:), announced by the
470:Michael S. Witherell
302:particle accelerator
261:Location in Illinois
97:$ 739 million (2024)
7184:Voices in Your Head
6997:Smart Museum of Art
6977:Renaissance Society
6950:John Crerar Library
4994:Secretary of Energy
4333:"Smith v Backhouse"
4007:2021PhT..2021b1119.
3912:. December 13, 2022
3476:2020JInst..15P2004A
3372:2019ARNPS..69..363M
3073:2020PhRvP..13c4032R
3016:2020PRXQ....1b0317V
2910:2017PhPro..90...92K
2252:2014arXiv1411.3614C
2164:2015IJMPA..3041001B
1891:on January 10, 2011
1582:Fermilab bison herd
1096:phototube detectors
1058:Accelerator physics
879:direct CP violation
848:bottom Omega baryon
325:Scientific American
291:national laboratory
167:41.83194; -88.25722
158: /
107:Accelerator physics
86:Accelerator physics
34:
7231:School of Business
7214:School of Business
7179:Student Government
7141:The Chicago Maroon
7099:Women's basketball
7068:Yerkes Observatory
6987:Rockefeller Chapel
6955:Regenstein Library
6930:Hutchinson Commons
6803:Laboratory Schools
6223:
5722:
3791:"LBNF/DUNE Status"
3698:The New York Times
3561:Aurora Beacon-News
2048:on October 4, 2013
1532:transmission lines
1520:Archimedean Spiral
1496:
1224:
1163:
941:Intensity Frontier
806:
765:
563:linear accelerator
417:
82:Research type
7274:Batavia, Illinois
7241:
7240:
6863:
6862:
6838:Stieglitz Lecture
6828:Paulson Institute
6615:
6614:
6108:
6107:
5786:Elk Grove Village
5570:
5569:
5472:Kansas City Plant
5388:Pacific Northwest
5088:Office of Science
4990:Jennifer Granholm
4107:Office of Science
3752:. August 10, 2023
3691:(April 7, 2021).
3502:. April 22, 2015.
3299:"NOvA Experiment"
3278:Muon-g-2 Fermilab
2636:978-3-95450-142-7
2551:978-3-95450-132-8
2261:978-3-95450-142-7
2074:. June 21, 2013.
1591:Working with the
1561:Ramsey Auditorium
1362:and contractors.
1056:, which leads in
1015:: NuMI Off-axis ν
965:ICARUS experiment
737:40 year-old
280:Batavia, Illinois
269:
268:
216:Leon Max Lederman
73:November 21, 1967
66:November 21, 1967
16:(Redirected from
7331:
7201:
7094:Men's basketball
7014:
6967:Midway Plaisance
6871:
6662:
6651:
6642:
6635:
6628:
6619:
6607:
6600:
6540:Nottingham Woods
6515:Five Island Park
6244:Barrington Hills
6219:
6167:
6160:
6150:
6145:
6135:
6128:
6121:
6112:
6100:
6093:
6014:North Glen Ellyn
5797:Glendale Heights
5718:
5681:Oakbrook Terrace
5629:
5622:
5612:
5607:
5597:
5590:
5583:
5574:
5477:Nevada Test Site
5043:
5042:
4964:
4957:
4950:
4941:
4918:Daily newsletter
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4795:
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4792:
4790:
4785:on March 1, 2003
4771:
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4708:
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4683:
4682:
4680:
4678:
4663:
4657:
4656:
4645:
4639:
4638:
4636:
4634:
4627:"Visit Fermilab"
4623:
4617:
4616:
4615:. Fermilab News.
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3093:
3087:
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3084:
3066:
3042:
3036:
3035:
3009:
2989:
2983:
2982:
2981:. March 3, 2022.
2975:
2969:
2968:
2965:"USCMS web page"
2961:
2955:
2954:
2952:
2950:
2936:
2930:
2929:
2903:
2888:Physics Procedia
2883:
2877:
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2773:
2767:
2766:
2764:
2762:
2755:history.fnal.gov
2747:
2741:
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2736:
2721:
2715:
2714:
2706:
2700:
2699:
2698:. March 4, 2022.
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2110:
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2011:
2005:
2004:
2002:
2000:
1984:
1978:
1977:
1975:
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1957:
1951:
1950:
1948:
1946:
1930:
1924:
1923:
1921:
1919:
1907:
1901:
1900:
1898:
1896:
1887:. Archived from
1880:
1874:
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1854:
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1670:
1650:Scientific Linux
1524:pumping stations
1251:
1141:particle physics
868:
867:
866:
858:
857:
714:
694:
682:
670:
654:
642:
630:
618:
476:Piermaria Oddone
446:Leon M. Lederman
420:Weston, Illinois
295:particle physics
256:
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231:
228:
210:
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51:
42:
35:
21:
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7328:
7244:
7243:
7242:
7237:
7199:
7193:
7154:CMAC (UChicago)
7123:
7072:
7012:
7006:
6972:Quadrangle Club
6893:
6884:Snell–Hitchcock
6870:Residence halls
6869:
6859:
6716:
6682:Divinity School
6653:
6649:
6646:
6616:
6611:
6605:
6599:Illinois portal
6598:
6589:
6579:
6486:
6484:
6477:
6459:
6366:
6271:Carpentersville
6224:
6212:
6170:
6165:
6158:
6151:
6148:
6143:
6139:
6109:
6104:
6098:
6092:Illinois portal
6091:
6082:
6072:
6038:
5955:
5948:
5890:
5776:Clarendon Hills
5723:
5711:
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5627:
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5605:
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4788:
4786:
4773:
4772:
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4758:
4756:
4743:
4742:
4738:
4728:
4726:
4724:The Beacon-News
4717:
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4686:
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4674:
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4664:
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4620:
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4609:
4605:
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4572:
4570:
4549:
4548:
4544:
4534:
4532:
4522:
4521:
4517:
4507:
4505:
4504:on July 5, 2023
4498:Reopen Fermilab
4492:
4491:
4487:
4477:
4475:
4469:
4468:
4464:
4454:
4452:
4443:
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3689:Overbye, Dennis
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2844:. Fermilab News
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2821:. Fermilab News
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2780:. Fermilab News
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2042:The Beacon-News
2036:
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2013:
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1989:"Before Weston"
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1645:Fermi Linux LTS
1625:
1613:tritiated water
1605:
1603:Tritium on site
1573:
1556:Broken Symmetry
1544:geodesic sphere
1488:
1456:
1451:
1435:
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1169:to measure the
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6046:/Neighborhoods
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6024:South Elmhurst
6021:
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4981:Headquarters:
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4916:Fermilab Today
4905:
4904:External links
4902:
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4866:. July 6, 1978
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2018:. Cern Courier
2006:
1979:
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1698:Brown, Bruce.
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1268:Standard Model
1149:Standard Model
1130:Main article:
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843:collaboration.
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759:Prototypes of
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575:speed of light
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6906:
6905:Bartlett Hall
6903:
6902:
6900:
6896:
6890:
6887:
6885:
6882:
6880:
6877:
6876:
6874:
6872:
6866:
6854:
6851:
6850:
6849:
6846:
6844:
6841:
6839:
6836:
6834:
6831:
6829:
6826:
6824:
6821:
6819:
6816:
6814:
6811:
6809:
6806:
6804:
6801:
6799:
6796:
6794:
6791:
6789:
6786:
6784:
6781:
6779:
6776:
6774:
6771:
6769:
6766:
6764:
6761:
6759:
6756:
6754:
6751:
6749:
6746:
6744:
6741:
6739:
6736:
6734:
6731:
6729:
6726:
6725:
6723:
6719:
6713:
6710:
6708:
6705:
6703:
6700:
6698:
6695:
6693:
6690:
6688:
6685:
6683:
6680:
6678:
6675:
6673:
6670:
6669:
6667:
6663:
6660:
6656:
6652:
6643:
6638:
6636:
6631:
6629:
6624:
6623:
6620:
6608:
6603:
6601:
6596:
6595:
6592:
6586:
6582:
6576:
6573:
6571:
6568:
6566:
6563:
6561:
6558:
6556:
6553:
6551:
6550:Rainbow Hills
6548:
6546:
6543:
6541:
6538:
6536:
6533:
6531:
6528:
6526:
6523:
6521:
6518:
6516:
6513:
6511:
6508:
6506:
6503:
6501:
6498:
6496:
6493:
6492:
6490:
6488:
6480:
6474:
6471:
6470:
6468:
6466:
6462:
6456:
6453:
6451:
6448:
6446:
6443:
6441:
6438:
6436:
6433:
6431:
6428:
6426:
6423:
6421:
6418:
6416:
6413:
6411:
6408:
6406:
6403:
6401:
6398:
6396:
6393:
6391:
6388:
6386:
6383:
6381:
6378:
6377:
6375:
6373:
6369:
6363:
6360:
6357:
6354:
6352:
6349:
6347:
6344:
6342:
6339:
6337:
6336:Sleepy Hollow
6334:
6332:
6331:Pingree Grove
6329:
6327:
6324:
6321:
6318:
6315:
6312:
6310:
6307:
6305:
6302:
6299:
6296:
6293:
6290:
6288:
6285:
6283:
6280:
6277:
6274:
6272:
6269:
6267:
6266:Campton Hills
6264:
6262:
6259:
6257:
6254:
6251:
6248:
6245:
6242:
6239:
6236:
6235:
6233:
6231:
6227:
6208:
6205:
6203:
6200:
6197:
6194:
6191:
6188:
6185:
6182:
6181:
6179:
6177:
6173:
6169:
6168:
6161:
6154:
6149:United States
6146:
6136:
6131:
6129:
6124:
6122:
6117:
6116:
6113:
6101:
6096:
6094:
6089:
6088:
6085:
6079:
6075:
6069:
6066:
6064:
6061:
6059:
6056:
6054:
6051:
6050:
6048:
6045:
6041:
6035:
6032:
6030:
6027:
6025:
6022:
6020:
6017:
6015:
6012:
6010:
6007:
6005:
6002:
6000:
5997:
5995:
5992:
5990:
5987:
5985:
5982:
5980:
5977:
5975:
5972:
5970:
5967:
5965:
5962:
5961:
5959:
5957:
5951:
5945:
5942:
5940:
5937:
5935:
5932:
5930:
5927:
5925:
5922:
5920:
5917:
5915:
5914:Downers Grove
5912:
5910:
5907:
5905:
5902:
5901:
5899:
5897:
5893:
5886:
5883:
5881:
5878:
5876:
5873:
5870:
5867:
5865:
5862:
5859:
5856:
5854:
5851:
5848:
5845:
5842:
5839:
5836:
5833:
5831:
5828:
5826:
5823:
5820:
5817:
5815:
5812:
5809:
5806:
5803:
5800:
5798:
5795:
5793:
5790:
5787:
5784:
5782:
5781:Downers Grove
5779:
5777:
5774:
5772:
5769:
5766:
5763:
5760:
5757:
5755:
5752:
5749:
5746:
5743:
5740:
5738:
5735:
5734:
5732:
5730:
5726:
5708:
5705:
5703:
5700:
5698:
5695:
5693:
5690:
5687:
5684:
5682:
5679:
5676:
5673:
5670:
5667:
5665:
5662:
5659:
5656:
5653:
5650:
5647:
5644:
5643:
5641:
5639:
5635:
5631:
5630:
5623:
5616:
5611:United States
5608:
5598:
5593:
5591:
5586:
5584:
5579:
5578:
5575:
5563:
5560:
5559:
5557:
5553:
5547:
5544:
5542:
5539:
5537:
5534:
5532:
5529:
5527:
5524:
5520:
5517:
5515:
5512:
5511:
5510:
5507:
5505:
5502:
5500:
5497:
5495:
5492:
5488:
5485:
5483:
5480:
5479:
5478:
5475:
5473:
5470:
5468:
5465:
5463:
5460:
5458:
5455:
5454:
5452:
5448:
5440:
5437:
5436:
5435:
5432:
5428:
5425:
5424:
5423:
5420:
5418:
5415:
5411:
5408:
5406:
5403:
5402:
5401:
5398:
5394:
5391:
5390:
5389:
5386:
5382:
5379:
5377:
5374:
5372:
5369:
5367:
5364:
5363:
5362:
5359:
5357:
5354:
5350:
5347:
5346:
5345:
5342:
5338:
5335:
5334:
5333:
5330:
5326:
5323:
5321:
5318:
5317:
5316:
5313:
5311:
5308:
5304:
5301:
5300:
5299:
5296:
5292:
5289:
5288:
5287:
5284:
5280:
5277:
5275:
5272:
5270:
5267:
5265:
5262:
5260:
5257:
5256:
5255:
5252:
5248:
5245:
5243:
5240:
5238:
5235:
5233:
5230:
5228:
5225:
5223:
5220:
5219:
5218:
5215:
5211:
5208:
5206:
5203:
5201:
5198:
5196:
5193:
5191:
5188:
5187:
5186:
5183:
5181:
5178:
5177:
5175:
5173:
5169:
5163:
5160:
5158:
5155:
5153:
5150:
5148:
5145:
5144:
5142:
5140:
5136:
5132:
5128:
5126:
5122:
5116:
5113:
5111:
5108:
5106:
5103:
5101:
5098:
5094:
5091:
5090:
5089:
5086:
5085:
5083:
5081:
5077:
5071:
5068:
5067:
5065:
5063:
5059:
5053:
5051:
5047:
5032:
5029:
5027:
5024:
5022:
5019:
5018:
5016:
5014:
5010:
5004:
5000:
4997:
4995:
4991:
4988:
4987:
4984:
4980:
4979:
4976:
4972:
4965:
4960:
4958:
4953:
4951:
4946:
4945:
4942:
4934:
4931:
4929:
4926:
4924:
4921:
4919:
4917:
4913:
4912:
4911:
4908:
4907:
4903:
4887:
4881:
4878:
4865:
4861:
4855:
4852:
4840:
4836:
4830:
4827:
4814:
4810:
4806:
4800:
4797:
4784:
4780:
4776:
4770:
4767:
4754:
4750:
4746:
4740:
4737:
4725:
4721:
4714:
4711:
4699:
4698:Fermilab News
4695:
4688:
4685:
4672:
4668:
4662:
4659:
4654:
4650:
4644:
4641:
4628:
4622:
4619:
4614:
4607:
4604:
4591:
4584:
4581:
4569:
4565:
4561:
4557:
4556:Physics Today
4553:
4546:
4543:
4530:
4529:Fermilab News
4526:
4519:
4516:
4503:
4499:
4495:
4489:
4486:
4473:
4466:
4463:
4450:
4446:
4440:
4438:
4436:
4432:
4419:
4415:
4409:
4406:
4394:
4390:
4384:
4381:
4368:
4364:
4357:
4354:
4341:
4334:
4328:
4325:
4312:
4305:
4302:
4289:
4282:
4280:
4276:
4263:
4256:
4253:
4240:
4233:
4230:
4217:
4210:
4208:
4206:
4204:
4202:
4200:
4196:
4184:
4183:
4175:
4172:
4159:
4152:
4149:
4141:September 19,
4136:
4129:
4127:
4125:
4121:
4108:
4104:
4097:
4094:
4086:September 19,
4081:
4075:
4072:
4067:
4060:
4057:
4052:
4046:
4043:
4038:
4032:
4029:
4024:
4020:
4016:
4012:
4008:
4004:
4000:
3996:
3995:Physics Today
3992:
3985:
3982:
3977:
3970:
3967:
3959:
3953:
3950:
3937:
3933:
3927:
3924:
3911:
3907:
3901:
3898:
3885:
3881:
3874:
3871:
3858:
3857:Fermilab News
3854:
3847:
3845:
3841:
3836:
3835:Fermilab News
3832:
3825:
3822:
3809:
3803:
3800:
3792:
3786:
3783:
3775:
3774:
3767:
3764:
3751:
3747:
3741:
3738:
3726:
3722:
3715:
3712:
3700:
3699:
3694:
3690:
3684:
3681:
3668:
3664:
3657:
3654:
3646:
3642:
3640:0-7803-5573-3
3636:
3632:
3628:
3624:
3617:
3610:
3607:
3591:
3584:
3577:
3575:
3571:
3566:
3562:
3558:
3551:
3548:
3543:
3539:
3532:
3529:
3516:
3509:
3506:
3501:
3495:
3492:
3486:
3481:
3477:
3473:
3468:
3463:
3460:(12): 12004.
3459:
3455:
3451:
3444:
3441:
3435:
3430:
3423:
3420:
3407:
3403:
3397:
3394:
3389:
3385:
3381:
3377:
3373:
3369:
3364:
3359:
3355:
3351:
3344:
3341:
3329:
3325:
3319:
3316:
3304:
3300:
3294:
3291:
3279:
3275:
3269:
3266:
3254:
3253:Mu2e Fermilab
3250:
3244:
3241:
3229:
3225:
3219:
3216:
3204:
3200:
3194:
3191:
3179:
3175:
3169:
3166:
3153:
3149:
3143:
3140:
3128:
3124:
3118:
3115:
3102:
3098:
3092:
3089:
3083:
3078:
3074:
3070:
3065:
3060:
3057:(3): 034032.
3056:
3052:
3048:
3041:
3038:
3033:
3029:
3025:
3021:
3017:
3013:
3008:
3003:
3000:(2): 020317.
2999:
2995:
2988:
2985:
2980:
2974:
2971:
2966:
2960:
2957:
2945:
2941:
2935:
2932:
2927:
2923:
2919:
2915:
2911:
2907:
2902:
2897:
2893:
2889:
2882:
2879:
2866:
2859:
2856:
2843:
2836:
2833:
2820:
2813:
2810:
2805:
2801:
2795:
2792:
2779:
2772:
2769:
2756:
2752:
2746:
2743:
2731:
2727:
2720:
2717:
2712:
2705:
2702:
2697:
2693:
2687:
2684:
2671:
2667:
2661:
2658:
2642:
2638:
2632:
2628:
2621:
2620:
2612:
2609:
2593:
2586:
2579:
2577:
2573:
2557:
2553:
2547:
2543:
2539:
2532:
2526:
2524:
2520:
2507:
2503:
2499:
2493:
2490:
2474:
2470:
2463:
2462:
2454:
2451:
2435:
2431:
2424:
2418:
2416:
2412:
2400:
2396:
2389:
2386:
2373:
2369:
2365:
2364:"Accelerator"
2359:
2357:
2353:
2337:
2330:
2329:
2321:
2318:
2305:
2301:
2297:
2291:
2289:
2287:
2283:
2267:
2263:
2257:
2253:
2249:
2244:
2239:
2235:
2228:
2227:
2219:
2216:
2203:
2199:
2195:
2189:
2186:
2181:
2177:
2173:
2169:
2165:
2161:
2156:
2151:
2147:
2143:
2136:
2133:
2127:
2122:
2115:
2112:
2099:
2093:
2090:
2077:
2073:
2069:
2063:
2060:
2047:
2043:
2039:
2033:
2030:
2017:
2010:
2007:
1994:
1990:
1983:
1980:
1967:
1963:
1956:
1953:
1940:
1936:
1929:
1926:
1913:
1906:
1903:
1890:
1886:
1879:
1876:
1864:
1860:
1853:
1851:
1849:
1847:
1845:
1841:
1828:
1821:
1819:
1817:
1813:
1800:
1793:
1790:
1785:
1778:
1776:
1774:
1772:
1768:
1763:
1756:
1750:
1747:
1734:
1730:
1723:
1721:
1717:
1705:
1701:
1694:
1691:
1675:
1669:
1666:
1660:
1656:
1653:
1651:
1648:
1646:
1643:
1641:
1638:
1635:
1632:
1630:
1627:
1626:
1622:
1620:
1616:
1614:
1610:
1602:
1600:
1598:
1594:
1589:
1587:
1583:
1578:
1570:
1568:
1566:
1562:
1558:
1557:
1552:
1547:
1545:
1541:
1537:
1533:
1529:
1525:
1521:
1516:
1514:
1510:
1506:
1502:
1492:
1485:
1483:
1481:
1476:
1474:
1473:Physics World
1470:
1469:Physics Today
1464:
1460:
1453:
1448:
1446:
1444:
1439:
1432:
1430:
1426:
1423:
1418:
1412:
1405:
1402:
1399:
1396:
1393:
1392:
1391:
1389:
1381:
1379:
1377:
1371:
1367:
1363:
1359:
1357:
1353:
1352:Nigel Lockyer
1345:
1343:
1339:
1337:
1331:
1324:
1320:
1316:
1312:
1311:
1310:
1307:
1305:
1301:
1297:
1293:
1290:In 2014, the
1285:
1283:
1277:
1275:
1271:
1269:
1264:
1262:
1257:
1255:
1250:
1243:
1241:
1237:
1233:
1229:
1220:
1216:
1214:
1210:
1205:
1203:
1201:
1195:
1191:
1187:
1183:
1178:
1176:
1172:
1168:
1160:
1156:
1152:
1150:
1146:
1142:
1138:
1133:
1125:
1123:
1122:to Fermilab.
1121:
1117:
1113:
1109:
1105:
1101:
1100:neutrino beam
1097:
1089:
1087:
1085:
1080:
1077:
1073:
1071:
1067:
1063:
1059:
1055:
1051:
1047:
1043:
1035:
1030:
1027:
1024:
1021:
1014:
1011:
1008:
1004:
1000:
997:
994:
991:
988:
985:
982:
979:
976:
973:
970:
966:
963:
960:
957:
954:
951:
950:
946:
944:
942:
934:
932:
928:
926:
922:
918:
913:
911:
903:
901:
899:
895:
891:
890:DØ experiment
886:
884:
880:
872:
871:DØ experiment
849:
845:
842:
838:
834:
831:
830:Upsilon meson
827:
823:
820:
816:
815:DØ experiment
812:
808:
807:
802:
798:
792:
787:
785:
781:
778:
773:
770:
762:
757:
750:
749:
748:
745:
740:
731:
730:
729:
722:
713:
708:
704:
700:
693:
688:
681:
676:
669:
664:
660:
657:A 12 MW
653:
648:
641:
636:
629:
624:
617:
612:
610:
608:
604:
598:
596:
592:
588:
582:
580:
576:
572:
566:
564:
560:
556:
552:
547:
544:which ionize
543:
535:
533:
531:
527:
523:
519:
515:
511:
507:
499:
494:
489:
486:
483:
482:Nigel Lockyer
480:
477:
474:
471:
468:
465:
462:
461:
460:
457:
455:
451:
447:
442:
440:
436:
432:
427:
425:
421:
413:
406:
404:
402:
397:
395:
390:
388:
384:
380:
375:
373:
369:
364:
362:
358:
354:
350:
346:
338:
334:
330:
326:
322:
318:
314:
309:
307:
303:
298:
296:
292:
289:
285:
281:
277:
273:
248:
239:
234:
230:
224:
220:
217:
214:
211:
204:
201:
197:
193:
190:
188:
184:
180:
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50:
45:
41:
36:
30:
19:
7324:Enrico Fermi
7146:
7139:
7033:
7021:
6782:
6545:Plato Center
6326:North Aurora
6163:
6058:Ontarioville
5909:Bloomingdale
5802:Hanover Park
5771:Carol Stream
5754:Bloomingdale
5697:West Chicago
5625:
5285:
4915:
4890:. Retrieved
4880:
4868:. Retrieved
4863:
4854:
4844:February 22,
4842:. Retrieved
4838:
4829:
4819:September 9,
4817:. Retrieved
4808:
4799:
4787:. Retrieved
4783:the original
4778:
4769:
4757:. Retrieved
4753:the original
4748:
4739:
4729:November 22,
4727:. Retrieved
4723:
4713:
4703:November 22,
4701:. Retrieved
4697:
4687:
4677:February 27,
4675:. Retrieved
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4502:the original
4497:
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4232:
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4187:, retrieved
4181:
4174:
4162:. Retrieved
4151:
4139:. Retrieved
4113:December 26,
4111:. Retrieved
4106:
4096:
4084:. Retrieved
4074:
4059:
4045:
4031:
4001:(2): 1119a.
3998:
3994:
3984:
3969:
3952:
3942:December 26,
3940:. Retrieved
3935:
3926:
3916:December 22,
3914:. Retrieved
3909:
3900:
3890:December 26,
3888:. Retrieved
3883:
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3863:December 26,
3861:. Retrieved
3856:
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3802:
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3749:
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3724:
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3696:
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3673:February 25,
3671:. Retrieved
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3100:
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3054:
3050:
3040:
2997:
2993:
2987:
2973:
2959:
2949:November 12,
2947:. Retrieved
2944:lpc.fnal.gov
2943:
2934:
2891:
2887:
2881:
2871:February 25,
2869:. Retrieved
2858:
2846:. Retrieved
2835:
2823:. Retrieved
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2729:
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2660:
2648:. Retrieved
2618:
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2599:. Retrieved
2592:the original
2563:. Retrieved
2537:
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2468:
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2429:
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2233:
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2208:February 25,
2206:. Retrieved
2197:
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2102:. Retrieved
2092:
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2071:
2062:
2050:. Retrieved
2046:the original
2041:
2032:
2022:February 25,
2020:. Retrieved
2009:
1999:November 25,
1997:. Retrieved
1982:
1970:. Retrieved
1965:
1955:
1943:. Retrieved
1938:
1928:
1916:. Retrieved
1905:
1893:. Retrieved
1889:the original
1878:
1866:. Retrieved
1862:
1831:. Retrieved
1803:. Retrieved
1792:
1761:
1749:
1739:February 25,
1737:. Retrieved
1732:
1709:February 25,
1707:. Retrieved
1704:Researchgate
1703:
1693:
1683:September 7,
1681:. Retrieved
1679:. p. 26
1668:
1617:
1606:
1590:
1574:
1565:Möbius strip
1554:
1551:Tractricious
1550:
1548:
1517:
1497:
1486:Architecture
1477:
1472:
1468:
1465:
1461:
1457:
1442:
1440:
1436:
1427:
1417:The Guardian
1416:
1413:
1409:
1385:
1375:
1372:
1368:
1364:
1360:
1356:Lia Merminga
1349:
1340:
1335:
1332:
1328:
1308:
1289:
1281:
1272:
1265:
1258:
1244:
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1199:
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1135:
1093:
1081:
1078:
1074:
1039:
940:
938:
929:
914:
907:
887:
876:
837:tau neutrino
826:bottom quark
796:
782:
774:
766:
735:
726:
685:Booster ring
599:
583:
567:
539:
503:
495:Accelerators
488:Lia Merminga
464:John Peoples
458:
443:
435:Enrico Fermi
430:
428:
418:
398:
391:
376:
365:
324:
320:
310:
299:
275:
271:
270:
187:Affiliations
127:P.O. Box 500
118:Lia Merminga
29:
7174:Poetry Club
7002:Stagg Field
6982:Robie House
6672:The College
6570:Valley View
6535:North Plato
6487:communities
6450:Sugar Grove
6445:St. Charles
6362:West Dundee
6346:Sugar Grove
6341:South Elgin
6276:East Dundee
6207:St. Charles
6159:County seat
6044:Ghost towns
6034:York Center
5994:Keeneyville
5989:Fullersburg
5984:Flowerfield
5969:Butterfield
5956:communities
5875:Willowbrook
5759:Bolingbrook
5748:Bensenville
5692:Warrenville
5686:St. Charles
5621:County seat
5504:Rocky Flats
5457:Fernald NLO
4789:October 26,
4340:www.5rb.com
4264:. WTTW News
4241:. WTTW News
4189:October 22,
3599:December 5,
3402:"SpinQuest"
3356:: 363–387.
2994:PRX Quantum
2404:December 2,
1895:January 11,
1629:Big Science
1480:Real ID Act
1240:Mississippi
1238:and up the
1232:Long Island
1202:discrepancy
1188:, muon, or
1108:Soudan Mine
898:Higgs Boson
788:Experiments
744:solid-state
542:ion sources
454:antiprotons
165: /
63:Established
7248:Categories
7219:Law School
6697:Law School
6530:Mooseheart
6505:Bald Mound
6400:Burlington
6395:Blackberry
6320:Montgomery
6314:Maple Park
6261:Burlington
5974:Cloverdale
5929:Naperville
5853:Villa Park
5847:Schaumburg
5792:Glen Ellyn
5765:Burr Ridge
5675:Naperville
5332:Los Alamos
5254:Brookhaven
4999:David Turk
4888:. Fermilab
4759:January 6,
4629:. Fermilab
4294:August 20,
4268:August 20,
4222:August 29,
3886:. Fermilab
3779:, May 2014
3756:August 11,
3588:(Report).
3583:G-2 Report
3467:2007.06722
3434:1601.05471
3363:1903.04608
3064:1810.03703
3007:2007.11157
2901:1705.00073
2867:. Symmetry
2676:August 15,
2650:August 16,
2601:August 15,
2565:August 15,
2512:August 12,
2482:August 13,
2443:August 12,
2378:August 12,
2345:August 12,
2310:August 12,
2275:August 12,
1987:Fermilab.
1661:References
1528:hyperbolic
1247:1300
1236:East Coast
981:MicroBooNE
699:antiproton
603:antiproton
370:, and the
361:MicroBooNE
339:Off-Axis ν
153:88°15′26″W
150:41°49′55″N
7164:Doc Films
6658:Academics
6584:Footnotes
6560:Thornwood
6473:Prestbury
6430:Kaneville
6425:Hampshire
6372:Townships
6309:Lily Lake
6304:Kaneville
6292:Hampshire
6238:Algonquin
6077:Footnotes
6019:Palisades
5896:Townships
5885:Woodridge
5835:Oak Brook
5707:Wood Dale
5361:Oak Ridge
5315:Livermore
4892:April 13,
4870:April 27,
4633:April 13,
4508:April 28,
4455:March 25,
4424:March 25,
4398:March 23,
4023:244441879
3814:April 30,
3388:119088967
3032:220686903
2926:113419509
2848:April 30,
2825:April 30,
2784:April 30,
2735:April 30,
2399:New Atlas
2243:1411.3614
2180:118699490
2155:1409.4861
2126:1205.0536
2104:April 16,
1833:March 23,
1829:. Science
1805:April 13,
1597:barn owls
1513:Brutalist
1112:Minnesota
1060:with the
1036:LBNF/DUNE
975:MiniBooNE
811:top quark
701:ring and
565:(linac).
522:top quark
399:Asteroid
353:MiniBooNE
57:(larger).
7254:Fermilab
7089:Football
6853:Journals
6783:Fermilab
6390:Big Rock
6287:Gilberts
6256:Big Rock
6250:Bartlett
6230:Villages
5999:Lakewood
5939:Winfield
5880:Winfield
5864:Westmont
5808:Hinsdale
5742:Bartlett
5729:Villages
5669:Elmhurst
5286:Fermilab
5217:Berkeley
4839:Fermilab
4813:Archived
4809:Fermilab
4749:Fermilab
4671:Archived
4653:Archived
4596:June 22,
4478:July 28,
4474:. Nature
4373:July 28,
4346:July 28,
4317:July 28,
4245:July 28,
3750:BBC News
3730:April 7,
3725:Fermilab
3704:April 7,
3667:Fermilab
3645:Archived
3590:Archived
3565:Archived
3542:Archived
3521:March 3,
3406:Fermilab
3228:Fermilab
3203:Fermilab
3178:Fermilab
3152:Fermilab
3148:"ICARUS"
3127:Fermilab
3101:Fermilab
2804:Archived
2761:July 10,
2670:Archived
2641:Archived
2556:Archived
2506:Archived
2502:Fermilab
2473:Archived
2434:Archived
2430:Fermilab
2372:Archived
2368:Fermilab
2336:Archived
2328:Fermilab
2304:Archived
2300:Fermilab
2266:Archived
2202:Archived
2082:July 10,
2076:Archived
2052:July 10,
1993:Archived
1972:March 9,
1966:Fermilab
1945:March 9,
1939:Fermilab
1918:March 9,
1868:July 28,
1733:Fermilab
1623:See also
1571:Wildlife
1505:Beauvais
1261:shimming
1252:(0.13%)
1186:electron
1159:Muon g−2
1137:Muon g−2
1132:Muon g−2
1126:Muon g−2
1042:neutrino
1023:SeaQuest
999:Muon g−2
885:decays.
777:Tevatron
703:Tevatron
659:klystron
607:Tevatron
546:hydrogen
510:Tevatron
500:Tevatron
383:Muon g-2
379:SeaQuest
357:SciBooNE
313:neutrino
306:Tevatron
276:Fermilab
181:Fermilab
178:Nickname
140:Illinois
132:Location
113:Director
55:Tevatron
18:FermiLab
7226:Faculty
7084:Maroons
7013:History
6940:Library
6665:Schools
6520:Freeman
6440:Rutland
6405:Campton
6385:Batavia
6298:Huntley
6190:Batavia
6004:Medinah
5964:Belmont
5904:Addison
5841:Roselle
5830:Lombard
5737:Addison
5702:Wheaton
5658:Chicago
5652:Batavia
5628:Wheaton
5487:Area 20
5482:Area 19
5462:Hanford
5274:NSLS II
5185:Argonne
4573:May 28,
4535:May 16,
4164:May 28,
4003:Bibcode
3472:Bibcode
3412:July 2,
3368:Bibcode
3333:June 7,
3308:June 7,
3283:June 7,
3258:June 7,
3233:June 7,
3208:June 7,
3183:June 7,
3158:July 2,
3132:June 7,
3107:July 2,
3097:"ANNIE"
3069:Bibcode
3012:Bibcode
2906:Bibcode
2248:Bibcode
2198:YouTube
2160:Bibcode
1609:tritium
1376:Science
1336:Science
1198:3
1173:of the
1048:at the
1005:of the
987:MINERνA
579:protons
450:protons
424:Batavia
407:History
321:Science
286:, is a
284:Chicago
282:, near
222:Website
124:Address
71: (
7209:Alumni
7200:People
6898:Campus
6555:Starks
6525:La Fox
6500:Almora
6455:Virgil
6420:Geneva
6410:Dundee
6380:Aurora
6351:Virgil
6282:Elburn
6202:Geneva
6184:Aurora
6176:Cities
6166:Geneva
6068:Weston
6063:Tedens
6053:Gostyn
6009:Munger
5924:Milton
5819:Lemont
5814:Itasca
5664:Darien
5646:Aurora
5638:Cities
5499:Pantex
5422:Sandia
5349:Albany
5337:DARHTF
5237:NERSCC
4021:
3637:
3386:
3030:
2924:
2894:: 92.
2633:
2548:
2258:
2178:
1914:. WTTW
1509:France
1454:Access
1443:Nature
859:Ω
751:PIP-II
349:MINOS+
329:ICARUS
93:Budget
6721:Other
6575:Wasco
6565:Udina
6510:Bowes
6483:Other
6435:Plato
6415:Elgin
6356:Wayne
6196:Elgin
6029:Swift
5934:Wayne
5919:Lisle
5858:Wayne
5825:Lisle
5494:NHHOR
5320:NARAC
5298:Idaho
5205:ATLAS
4336:(PDF)
4019:S2CID
3961:(PDF)
3794:(PDF)
3777:(PDF)
3648:(PDF)
3619:(PDF)
3593:(PDF)
3586:(PDF)
3462:arXiv
3429:arXiv
3384:S2CID
3358:arXiv
3059:arXiv
3028:S2CID
3002:arXiv
2922:S2CID
2896:arXiv
2644:(PDF)
2623:(PDF)
2595:(PDF)
2588:(PDF)
2559:(PDF)
2534:(PDF)
2476:(PDF)
2465:(PDF)
2437:(PDF)
2426:(PDF)
2339:(PDF)
2332:(PDF)
2269:(PDF)
2238:arXiv
2230:(PDF)
2176:S2CID
2150:arXiv
2148:(6).
2121:arXiv
1758:(PDF)
1677:(PDF)
1388:arXiv
1318:2032.
953:ANNIE
841:DONUT
595:tesla
345:MINOS
7189:WHPK
7135:Band
5979:Eola
5944:York
5541:Y-12
5536:WIPP
5514:ETEC
5509:SSFL
5467:K-25
5439:SSRL
5434:SLAC
5417:SRNL
5410:TFTR
5405:NSTX
5400:PPPL
5393:EMSL
5381:NCCS
5376:HFIR
5371:CNMS
5356:NREL
5344:NETL
5310:JLab
5303:RESL
5279:RHIC
5269:NSLS
5232:NCEM
5180:Ames
5093:OSTI
4894:2022
4872:2021
4846:2019
4821:2018
4791:2011
4761:2006
4731:2020
4705:2020
4679:2007
4635:2022
4598:2023
4575:2023
4560:2023
4537:2023
4510:2023
4480:2024
4457:2023
4426:2023
4400:2023
4375:2024
4348:2024
4319:2024
4296:2024
4270:2024
4247:2024
4224:2024
4191:2023
4166:2023
4143:2023
4115:2022
4088:2023
3999:2021
3944:2022
3918:2022
3892:2022
3865:2022
3816:2015
3758:2023
3732:2021
3706:2021
3675:2021
3635:ISBN
3601:2015
3523:2020
3414:2023
3335:2019
3310:2019
3285:2019
3260:2019
3235:2019
3210:2019
3185:2019
3160:2023
3134:2019
3109:2023
2951:2019
2873:2021
2850:2022
2827:2022
2786:2022
2763:2021
2737:2022
2678:2015
2652:2015
2631:ISBN
2603:2015
2567:2015
2546:ISBN
2514:2015
2484:2015
2445:2015
2406:2021
2380:2015
2347:2015
2312:2015
2277:2015
2256:ISBN
2210:2021
2106:2022
2084:2013
2054:2013
2024:2021
2001:2009
1974:2021
1947:2021
1920:2021
1897:2011
1870:2024
1835:2023
1807:2022
1741:2021
1711:2021
1685:2024
1640:CERN
1518:The
1471:and
1449:Site
1323:Mu2e
1321:The
1313:The
1304:CERN
1300:Mu2e
1298:and
1175:muon
1120:CERN
1104:NuMI
1054:CERN
1013:NOνA
1007:muon
993:Mu2e
921:CERN
892:and
888:The
883:kaon
846:The
835:The
824:The
817:and
809:The
591:YBCO
528:and
452:and
355:and
337:NuMI
333:NOνA
323:and
229:.gov
227:fnal
6465:CDP
5531:SPR
5526:SRS
5519:SRE
5366:SNS
5325:NIF
5291:TeV
5264:CFN
5259:AGS
5247:JGI
5242:ESN
5222:ALS
5210:EMC
5200:APS
5195:CNM
5190:NBL
4564:doi
4011:doi
3627:doi
3480:doi
3376:doi
3077:doi
3020:doi
2914:doi
2168:doi
1540:DNA
1503:in
1254:p-p
1249:ppm
1190:tau
1145:ppm
1110:in
881:in
761:SRF
587:GeV
581:).
571:MeV
559:keV
551:keV
526:CDF
518:TeV
514:GeV
236:Map
7250::
6162::
6147:,
5624::
5609:,
5227:MF
5001:,
4992:,
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