704:
40:
543:
610:
494:). Tourgee recommended Wells contact Barnett, and Barnett agreed to take the case. This may have been Barnett's introduction to Wells, whom he would marry two years later. However, Barnett came to agree with the advice of Tourgee that the case could not be won, as a black woman would never win such a case heard by a white, male jury, and the case was dropped.
663:
314:, in 1852. His mother was a freewoman, Martha Brooks, born about 1825. His father, also named Ferdinand Lee Barnett, was born in Nashville about 1810 and worked as a blacksmith. He purchased his family's freedom the year Ferdinand was born. They lived in Nashville until about 1859, when they left the United States and moved to
506:– The Afro-American's Contribution to Columbian Literature". The exposition, held in Chicago, refused to include an African-American exhibit. The pamphlet was another early example of Barnett's personal and professional relationship with Wells. The pamphlet was published by Barnett, Wells, abolitionist
485:
for libel when the journal attacked Wells over her reports on the racism and injustice of lynching. It had been claimed that lynching, while not legal, was a natural result of the need for revenge of a community against perpetrators of violent crime and did not single out blacks. Wells' work showed
654:
and had a good record. In 1902, Barnett made national news when he suggested that 10 million blacks would revolt against lynch law in the South at a gathering at
Bethlehem Church in Chicago. In 1904 he was appointed as head of the Chicago branch of the Republican Party's Negro Bureau. This
691:– which was converted from a saloon. Barnett was initially declared winner, but the results were reviewed and Barnett became the only one of 27 Republican candidates rejected. If he had been elected, Barnett would have been the second black judge in a court of record after
438:
683:, the first black candidate for a judgeship in Illinois. Barnett lost the election by 304 votes due to a lack of support by white and black Republicans. In the campaign for the position, Barnett did not gain the full support of black ministers, particularly
703:
472:", was refused, one member of the audience declaring: "I don't want to sing that song until this country is what it claims to be, 'sweet land of liberty'." Gaines substituted the Civil War-era song about the abolitionist martyr, "
464:. The act sparked a national outcry and Barnett took part in meetings in Chicago called to organize reaction. At a meeting of one thousand people at Bethel A. M. E. Church, Reverend W. Gaines' call for the crowd to sing the then
593:. Barnett's attraction to Wells included his recognition of the mutual support for each other's careers that the relationship would bring. Shortly before their marriage, Wells purchased Barnett's stake in the
964:
1349:
628:
Barnett was an active
Republican, and his support for the party put him in line for public office. In 1896, he was put in charge of the bureau of information and education for blacks by the
476:". Barnett closed the meeting appealing for a calm and careful response, but also expressing great frustration and concern that the violence against blacks may one day lead to reprisals.
1289:
726:
and Cowen of "Chicken Joe" Campbell. Although
Campbell was convicted for the murder of Odelle B. Allen, his death sentence was commuted to life imprisonment by Governor
329:
and the end of slavery, settling in
Chicago, Illinois. Ferdinand was educated in Chicago schools, first attending the old Jones school at Clark and Harrison. He entered
558:
in 1876. Mary and
Ferdinand had two children, Ferdinand Lee and Albert Graham Barnett. Mary died in 1890 of heart disease. The younger Ferdinand Barnett served as
1304:
573:. In June 1895, she and Barnett married. The couple had four children, Charles Aked (1896), Herman Kohlsaat (1897), Ida B. (1901), and Alfreda M. Barnett (later
1284:
333:, graduating in 1874. After high school, he taught in the southern United States for two years before returning to Chicago to attend Union College of Law, now
393:
was a radical journal that focused on justice and equal rights, and
Barnett was soon recognized as a local black leader. He was selected as a delegate to the
714:
Barnett left the position of assistant state's attorney in 1910, turning to private practice where he advocated for
African-American rights. He often worked
490:
to represent her on the case, but
Tourgee refused, having largely retired from law (with the exception of his ongoing support of the case which would become
938:
860:
1354:
1314:
1294:
337:. Barnett graduated from law school and was admitted to the Illinois bar in 1878. He was the third black person to pass the Illinois bar, following
397:
in
Nashville, where he gave a noted speech calling for unity and education. He was a delegate to the 1884 Inter-State Conference of Colored Men in
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559:
1309:
514:. The exhibition included many exhibits put on by individuals and approved by white organizers of the fair, including exhibits by the sculptor
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272:
889:
Alfreda Duster (1904–1983), Chicago, Illinois. Interviewed by: Marcia McAdoo
Greenlee, March 8 and 9, 1978. Library, Harvard University,
271:. After the war, they settled in Chicago, where Barnett graduated from high school, and then obtained his law degree from what is today
1339:
1334:
418:
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Barnett started practicing law around 1883. His prominence grew quickly and in 1888 he was considered for a Republican nomination for
378:
In December 1877, Barnett, along with co-editors Abram T. Hall, Jr. and James E. Henderson, organized the semi-monthly newspaper, the
20:
386:. He moved to Chicago in 1884, where he served as an editor of the paper. (Clark was appointed as US ambassador to Liberia in 1891.)
248:(February 18, 1852 – March 11, 1936) was an American journalist, lawyer, and civil rights activist in Chicago, beginning in the late
296:. He was active in anti-lynching and civil rights causes and was called "one of the foremost citizens Chicago has ever had" by the
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828:
Encyclopedia of African American History, 1896 to the Present: From the Age of Segregation to the Twenty-first Century
1220:"Chicken Joe Campbell will not Hand for Governor Frank O Lowden has Commuted his Death Sentence to Life Imprisonment"
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Also in 1896, Barnett became the first black assistant state's attorney in Illinois; he was appointed by
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The event inspired Wells, who began to research and speak out against lynchings. In 1893, Wells sued the
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292:, a fellow journalist and anti-lynching activist. In 1896, he became Illinois' first black assistant
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382:, the first edition appearing on January 1, 1878. Also among the editors and stakeholders was Iowan
322:, which had created incentives for slave catchers to kidnap free blacks and sell them into slavery.
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In 1893, Barnett coauthored a pamphlet entitled "The Reason Why the Colored American is not in the
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646:. As assistant state's attorney, Barnett worked in the juvenile court, in antitrust cases, and in
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and became the paper's manager and co-editor, while Barnett focused on his legal career. Reverend
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965:"Black history pioneer: Alexander Clark became prominent achiever while residing in Muscatine"
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of the second ward in Chicago. His most best remembered case was the defense with attorneys
718:, focusing on employment discrimination and criminal cases. In 1917, he was a candidate for
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All the world's a Fair: Visions of Empire at American international expositions, 1876–1916
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318:, across the Detroit River from Detroit, Michigan. They wanted to avoid the reach of the
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687:. They were angry that his wife Ida B. Wells supported gambling kingpin Bob Motts's
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Barnett's father died in early February 1898. His mother died on November 11, 1908.
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851:(San Francisco, California) December 17, 1906, p. 3. Accessed September 16, 2016.
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monthly in 1878. The third black person to be admitted to the practice of law in
1066:
A Refugee from His Race: Albion W. Tourgée and His Fight Against White Supremacy
748:
Barnett died aged 84 on March 11, 1936. He was buried alongside Ida B. Wells at
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1100:(Salt Lake City, Utah), December 22, 1917, p. 14. Accessed September 16, 2016.
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398:
1259:(Salt Lake City, Utah), February 24, 1917, p. 4. Accessed September 16, 2016.
909:(Saint Paul, Minnesota), February 5, 1898, p. 4. Accessed September 16, 2016.
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supply sergeant in World War I. Albert Barnett became the city editor of the
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1219:
844:
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Grave marker of Ferdinand Lee Barnett and his wife Ida B. Wells-Barnett at
1226:(Salt Lake City, Utah), April 13, 1918, p. 3. Accessed September 16, 2016.
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1039:(New York, New York), March 28, 1892, p. 3. Accessed September 16, 2016,
1240:
Knock at the Door of Opportunity: Black Migration to Chicago, 1900–1919
1207:(Salt Lake City, Utah) May 23, 1902, p. 3. Accessed September 15, 2016.
1055:(Decatur, Illinois), March 29, 1892, p. 1. Accessed September 16, 2016.
987:(Detroit, Michigan), April 30, 1884, p. 2. Accessed September 15, 2016.
1003:(Ottawa, Kansas), January 16, 1890, p. 1. Accessed September 15, 2016.
878:
The Black Struggle for Public Schooling in Nineteenth-Century Illinois
867:(Chicago, Illinois), June 28, 1897, p. 5. Accessed September 16, 2016.
577:) (1904). Charles was named for the English anti-lynching activist
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661:
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436:
16:
American journalist, lawyer, and civil rights activist (1852–1936)
601:, founder of Olivet Baptist Church, was co-editor after Barnett.
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the falseness of this narrative. Wells asked lawyer and activist
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and extradition proceedings. He frequently appeared before the
275:. He was a founding editor of the African-American oriented
659:, who preferred Barnett's former partner, S. Laing Williams.
1077:
See introduction of the 2013 edition of Rydell, Robert W.
1145:(Chicago, Illinois), Vol. XXIX, No. 10, October 31, 1896.
325:
The Barnett family returned to the US in 1869 after the
741:. In the 1920s and 1930s, Barnett began to support the
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on the recommendation of the Cook County Commissioner
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Northwestern University Pritzker School of Law alumni
1191:, August 18, 1896, p. 3. Accessed September 15, 2016.
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In 1906, Barnett was nominated as a judge in the new
526:. It also included blacks in white exhibits, such as
830:. Oxford University Press, 2009. pp. 137–138.
770:"Illinois Supreme Court History: Ferdinand Barnett"
228:
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1130:To Tell the Truth Freely: The Life of Ida B. Wells
613:From 1919 to 1930, Barnett and Wells lived in the
1141:Bradwell, James B, "The Colored Bar of Chicago",
554:, was the first black woman to graduate from the
425:. The pair split over Williams' affiliation with
409:in Chicago in 1890 where he was named secretary.
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1158:(Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania), December 3, 1932,
950:Simmons, William J., and Henry McNeal Turner.
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1175:. University of Illinois Press, 2013, p. 113.
952:Men of Mark: Eminent, Progressive and Rising.
733:In the 1920s, Barnett and his wife supported
443:Southern Horrors: Lynch Law in All Its Phases
421:. In 1892, he started a law partnership with
8:
581:, and Herman was named for the owner of the
1290:Activists for African-American civil rights
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395:May 1879 National Conference of Colored Men
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456:by a white mob while in police custody in
448:In 1892, three men, including a friend of
356:. They were also journalists and lived in
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1016:(Chicago, Illinois), September 12, 1888,
921:(New York, New York), November 19, 1908,
19:For other people with similar names, see
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1026:
937:(Chicago, Illinois) December 10, 1877,
760:
739:Universal Negro Improvement Association
534:" for the R. T. Davis Milling Company.
173:
285:, he also became a successful lawyer.
206:
1305:19th-century African-American lawyers
1173:The Negro in Illinois: The WPA Papers
768:Lupton, John A. (February 24, 2020).
675:Municipal court judgeship controversy
401:, and the national convention of the
273:Northwestern University School of Law
202:
7:
1285:20th-century African-American people
1081:. University of Chicago Press, 2013.
954:GM Rewell & Company, 1887. p1100
699:Return to private practice and death
569:Wells remained in Chicago after the
429:, whom Barnett frequently opposed.
861:"Golden Wedding of Colored Couple"
518:, a painting exhibit by scientist
310:Ferdinand Lee Barnett was born in
14:
1355:People from Nashville, Tennessee
1315:American anti-lynching activists
1242:. SIU Press, 2014, pp. 191, 289.
348:Numbered among his cousins were
1295:American civil rights activists
880:. SIU Press, 2009, pp. 100–101.
530:'s portrayal of the character "
198:
169:
1162:. Accessed September 16, 2016.
1020:. Accessed September 15, 2016.
941:. Accessed September 15, 2016.
925:. Accessed September 16, 2016.
546:The Wells-Barnett family, 1917
172: 1882; died
1:
1310:19th-century American lawyers
630:Republican National Committee
552:Mary Henrietta Graham Barnett
522:and a statistical exhibit by
1300:African-American journalists
845:"Negro Elected to Judgeship"
637:Cook County State's Attorney
504:World's Columbian Exposition
259:, during his childhood, his
1185:"Allison Says Iowa is Safe"
903:"Death of F. L. Barnett St"
655:appointment was opposed by
460:, in an event known as the
1386:
1340:Journalists from Tennessee
1238:Reed, Christopher Robert.
681:Municipal Court of Chicago
623:National Historic Landmark
615:Ida B. Wells-Barnett House
413:Legal and political career
320:Fugitive Slave Act of 1850
267:, Canada, just before the
18:
1335:Journalists from Illinois
1001:The Ottawa Daily Republic
893:. Accessed March 7, 2016.
288:In 1895, Barnett married
37:
1253:"Candidate for Alderman"
1068:. UNC Press Books, 2016.
520:George Washington Carver
470:My Country, 'Tis of Thee
462:Peoples Grocery lynching
419:Cook County Commissioner
1201:"Colored Race's Rights"
1033:"Wouldn't Sing America"
849:San Francisco Chronicle
693:Robert Heberton Terrell
335:Northwestern Law School
278:The Chicago Conservator
82:Chicago, Illinois, U.S.
1156:The Pittsburgh Courier
711:
671:
666:Photo of Barnett from
652:Illinois Supreme Court
625:
556:University of Michigan
550:Barnett's first wife,
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445:
403:Timothy Thomas Fortune
1370:Tennessee Republicans
1116:, September 12, 2016.
1114:The University Record
935:Chicago Daily Tribune
865:Chicago Daily Tribune
826:Finkelman, Paul, ed.
706:
665:
612:
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246:Ferdinand Lee Barnett
158:Mary Henrietta Graham
32:Ferdinand Lee Barnett
1345:Lawyers from Chicago
1325:Illinois Republicans
1205:Deseret Evening News
1171:Dolinar, Brian, ed.
1094:"Breaking Home Ties"
1064:Karcher, Carolyn L.
695:of Washington, D.C.
657:Booker T. Washington
589:, who supported the
571:Columbian Exposition
538:Marriages and family
497:
427:Booker T. Washington
407:Afro-American League
350:Ferdinand L. Barnett
312:Nashville, Tennessee
257:Nashville, Tennessee
233:Ferdinand L. Barnett
205:; died
102:Union College of Law
64:Nashville, Tennessee
1360:Tennessee Democrats
1049:"Not Their Country"
971:, 24 February 2006.
730:on April 12, 1918.
583:Chicago Inter Ocean
512:Irvine Garland Penn
331:Central High School
1320:Illinois Democrats
1189:The New York Times
1143:Chicago Legal News
1132:. Macmillan, 2009.
1110:"Pretty Good, Man"
1053:The Decatur Herald
985:Detroit Free Press
876:McCaul, Robert L.
774:illinoiscourts.gov
750:Oak Woods Cemetery
712:
709:Oak Woods Cemetery
672:
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599:Richard DeBaptiste
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524:John Imogen Howard
508:Frederick Douglass
492:Plessy v Fergusson
482:Memphis Commercial
468:national anthem, "
458:Memphis, Tennessee
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374:and early activism
327:American Civil War
269:American Civil War
250:Reconstruction era
92:Oak Woods Cemetery
1365:Tennessee lawyers
1037:The Evening World
969:Muscatine Journal
724:Robert M. McMurdy
685:Archibald J. Cary
640:Charles S. Deneen
488:Albion W. Tourgee
474:John Brown's Body
423:S. Laing Williams
354:Alfred S. Barnett
343:Richard A. Dawson
243:
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237:Alfred S. Barnett
60:February 18, 1852
21:Ferdinand Barnett
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619:Chicago Landmark
364:, respectively.
362:Des Moines, Iowa
352:and his brother
339:Lloyd G. Wheeler
316:Windsor, Ontario
299:Chicago Defender
294:state's attorney
265:Windsor, Ontario
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88:Resting place
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52:
48:
41:
36:
29:
26:
22:
1330:Ida B. Wells
1257:The Broad Ax
1256:
1247:
1239:
1224:The Broad Ax
1223:
1204:
1196:
1188:
1180:
1172:
1167:
1155:
1150:
1142:
1137:
1129:
1113:
1105:
1098:The Broad Ax
1097:
1078:
1073:
1065:
1060:
1052:
1044:
1036:
1013:
1008:
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984:
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946:
934:
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918:
914:
906:
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864:
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848:
827:
777:. Retrieved
773:
763:
752:in Chicago.
747:
732:
715:
713:
678:
668:The Broad Ax
667:
634:
627:
605:Later career
594:
590:
582:
579:Charles Aked
568:
566:in Chicago.
563:
549:
501:
498:World's Fair
480:
478:
465:
450:Ida B. Wells
447:
442:
433:Ida B. Wells
416:
390:
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379:
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371:
366:
347:
324:
309:
297:
290:Ida B. Wells
287:
276:
254:
245:
244:
187:Ida B. Wells
137:affiliations
77:(1936-03-11)
25:
1280:1936 deaths
1275:1852 births
595:Conservator
591:Conservator
532:Aunt Jemima
528:Nancy Green
391:Conservator
380:Conservator
372:Conservator
108:Occupations
1269:Categories
1128:Bay, Mia.
907:The Appeal
779:August 25,
756:References
399:Pittsburgh
306:Early life
141:Republican
129:Democratic
114:Journalist
56:1852-02-18
441:Cover of
239:(cousins)
229:Relatives
737:and the
720:alderman
716:pro bono
617:, now a
564:Defender
466:de facto
283:Illinois
255:Born in
218:Children
670:in 1918
454:lynched
452:, were
223:Alfreda
211:
195:
191:
178:
166:
162:
147:Spouses
360:, and
201:
117:lawyer
66:, U.S.
1160:p. 17
891:p. 20
209:)
197:(
193:
176:)
168:(
164:
1018:p. 4
939:p. 9
923:p. 5
781:2020
621:and
405:led
389:The
341:and
235:and
207:1931
203:1895
174:1890
72:Died
50:Born
1271::
1255:,
1231:^
1222:,
1212:^
1203:,
1187:,
1154:,
1121:^
1112:,
1096:,
1086:^
1051:,
1035:,
1025:^
1012:,
999:,
983:,
967:,
905:,
863:,
847:,
835:^
789:^
772:.
745:.
632:.
585:,
345:.
302:.
252:.
199:m.
170:m.
783:.
58:)
54:(
23:.
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