Ferruccio Busoni - Knowledge (XXG)

3820: 1187: 754: 1178:. Busoni employed motifs from Chinese and other oriental music in the suite, though, as Leichtentritt points out, the Suite is "in fact the product of an Occidental mind, for whom the exact imitation of the real Chinese model would always be unnatural and unattainable ... the appearance is more artistic than the real thing would be." The suite was first performed as a purely musical item in 1905; it was used in a production of the play in 1911, and was eventually transformed into a two-act opera in 1917. 3674: 144: 240: 1004:" after the more flamboyant era of Liszt. He cites Busoni himself: "Music is so constituted that every context is a new context and should be treated as an 'exception'. The solution of a problem, once found, cannot be reapplied to a different context. Our art is a theatre of surprise and invention, and of the seemingly unprepared. The spirit of music arises from the depths of our humanity and is returned to the high regions whence it has descended on mankind." 167:, largely taught by his father, he began performing and composing at the age of seven. In an autobiographical note he comments "My father knew little about the pianoforte and was erratic in rhythm, so he made up for these shortcomings with an indescribable combination of energy, severity and pedantry." Busoni made his public debut as a pianist in a concert with his parents at the Schiller-Verein in Trieste on 24 November 1873 playing the first movement of 915: 983: 7539: 5091: 4100: 40: 5101: 781:. Busoni's piano pupils were untalented, and he had constant arguments with the local authorities. After the outbreak of World War I, in August 1914, he asked for a year of absence to play an American tour; in fact he was never to return. Virtually his sole permanent achievement at the school was to have modernized its sanitary facilities. He had however during this time composed another 313: 1346: 471: 1057:; some numbers apply to more than one work (after the composer dropped some of his earlier works from his acknowledged corpus). Furthermore, not all the composer's numbers are in temporal order. The musicologist Jürgen Kindermann has prepared a thematic catalogue of his works and transcriptions which is also used, in the form of the letters 1623:, now as ever, towers over the musical theatre of its time." Helmut Wirth has written that Busoni's "ambivalent nature, striving to reconcile tradition with innovation, his gifts as a composer and the profundity of his theoretical writings make one of the most interesting figures in the history of 20th-century music." 1244:

These transcriptions go beyond literal reproduction of the music for piano and often involve substantial recreation, although never straying from the original rhythmic outlines, melody notes and harmony. This is in line with Busoni's own concept that the performing artist should be free to intuit and

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remained unfinished at his death and was premiered in Berlin in 1925, completed by Jarnach. Busoni's Berlin apartment was destroyed in an air-raid in 1943, and many of his possessions and papers were lost or looted. A plaque at the site commemorates his residence. Busoni's wife, Gerda, died in Sweden

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Busoni's international reputation rose swiftly, and he frequently performed in Berlin and other European capitals and regional centres (including Manchester, Birmingham, Marseilles, Florence, and many German and Austrian cities) throughout this period, as well as returning to America for four visits

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In Italy in 1916, Busoni met again with the artist Boccioni, who painted his portrait; Busoni was deeply affected when a few months later Boccioni was killed (in a riding accident) whilst on military training, and published an article strongly critical of war. An expanded re-issue of Busoni's 1907

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Busoni's impact on music was perhaps more through those who studied piano and composition with him, and through his writings on music, than through his compositions themselves, of whose style there are no direct successors. Alfred Brendel has opined: "Compositions like the monstrously overwritten

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notes that Busoni wrote virtually no chamber music after 1898 and no songs between 1886 and 1918, commenting that this was "part of the process of freeing himself from his Leipzig background ... worlds of middle-class respectability in which he was not at home, and the shadows of Schumann,

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Berlin proved an excellent base for Busoni's European tours. As in the previous two years in the US, the composer had to depend for his living on exhausting but remunerative tours as a piano virtuoso; in addition at this period he was remitting substantial amounts to his parents, who continued to

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During this period, Busoni wrote his Piano Concerto, one of the largest such works he ever wrote in terms of duration and resources. Dent comments "In construction is difficult to analyse ... on account of the way in which themes are transferred from movement to another. The work has to be

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writes that "This was not only the beginning of transcriptions, but ... the beginning of that style of pianoforte touch and technique which was entirely creation." Returning to Helsingfors, in March of the same year Busoni met his future wife, Gerda Sjöstrand, the daughter of the Swedish

1115:), completed in 1900, "stands on the border-line between the first and second epochs of Busoni", although van Dieren asserts that in conversation Busoni "made no such claims for any work written before 1910. This means that he dated his work as an independent composer from the piano pieces 1155:

loomed too large." The first decade of the 20th century is described by Brendel as being for Busoni "a creative pause" after which he "finally gained an artistic profile of his own" as opposed to the "easy routine which had kept his entire earlier production on the tracks of eclecticism".

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also taught piano in Geneva at this time. Andreae arranged for Busoni to give concerts with his orchestra. Jarnach, who was 23 when he met Busoni, in 1915, became Busoni's indispensable assistant, among other things preparing piano scores of his operas; Busoni referred to him as his

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In a series of orchestral concerts in Berlin between 1902 and 1909, both as pianist and conductor, Busoni particularly promoted contemporary music from outside Germany (though he avoided contemporary music, except for his own, in his solo recitals). The series, which was held at the

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who for practical reasons chose Berlin as their abode were not so much concerned with questions of prestige", and for Busoni the city's development as "the centre of the musical industry develop an atmosphere which detested more than the deepest pool of stagnant convention".

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and transcriptions by Liszt. The value of these recordings in ascertaining Busoni's performance style is a matter of some dispute. Many of his colleagues and students expressed disappointment with the recordings and felt they did not truly represent Busoni's pianism.

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From June 1914 to January 1915, Busoni was in Berlin. As a native of a neutral country (Italy) living in Germany, Busoni was not greatly concerned, at first, by the outbreak of war. During this period, he began to work seriously on the libretto for his proposed opera

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Busoni's first son, Benvenuto (known as Benni), was born in Boston in 1892, but Busoni's experience at New England Conservatory proved unsatisfactory. After a year he resigned from the Conservatory and launched himself into a series of recitals across the Eastern US.

1662:; but "in later life, Ferruccio, feeling that all these names involved too formidable a responsibility", quietly dropped them. The spelling version 'Michelangelo' is sometimes found for his third given name; the spelling 'Michelangiolo' is given by (amongst others) 303:

down, and a hundred on completion. The next morning, Busoni turned up at Schwalm's office, and asked for 150 marks, handing over the completed work, and saying "I worked from nine at night to three thirty, without a piano, and not knowing the opera beforehand."

58:, conductor, editor, writer, and teacher. His international career and reputation led him to work closely with many of the leading musicians, artists and literary figures of his time, and he was a sought-after keyboard instructor and a teacher of composition. 488:

in April 1893. The result was to force on him a re-evaluation of the potential of Italian musical traditions which he had so far ignored in favour of the German traditions, and in particular the models of Brahms and the orchestral techniques of Liszt and

493:. Busoni immediately began to draft an adulatory letter to Verdi (which he never summoned the courage to send), in which he addressed him as "Italy's leading composer" and "one of the noblest persons of our time", and in which he explained that " 679:

of Weimar to lead a masterclass for fifteen young virtuosi. This concept was more amenable to Busoni than teaching formally in a Conservatory: the twice-weekly seminars were successful and were repeated in the following year. Pupils included

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communicate his divination of the composer's intentions. Busoni adds tempo markings, articulation and phrase markings, dynamics and metronome markings to the originals, as well as extensive performance suggestions. In his edition of Bach's

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wrote that "Busoni, from his perfect command over every means of expression and his complete consideration of every phrase in a composition to every other phrase and to the whole, was the truest artist of all the pianists had ever heard."

358:, with whom he struck up a continuing friendship. Paul described Busoni at this time as "a small, slender Italian with chestnut beard, grey eyes, young and gay, with ... a small round cap perched proudly on his thick artist's curls". 1131:

lists over 200 compositions in the period to 1900, which are met with very rarely in the contemporary repertoire or in recording, mostly featuring piano, either as solo instrument or accompanying others, but also including some works for

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complained of "Noise, more noise, eccentricity and licentiousness", while another journal opined that "the composer would have done better to stay within more modest boundaries". The other major work during this "creative pause" was the

7723: 1322:. However, he asserted the importance of musical form and structure: His idea of a 'Young Classicism' "aimed to incorporate experimental features in "firm, rounded forms" ... motivated each time by musical necessity." (Brendel). 704:. But arguments with the Directorate of the Vienna Conservatoire, under whose auspices the classes were held, soured the atmosphere. In the autumn of 1910 Busoni gave masterclasses and also carried out a series of recitals in Basel. 285:, which he worked on from 1886 to 1889 before abandoning it. He described how, finding himself penniless in Leipzig, he appealed to the publisher Schwalm to take his compositions. Schwalm demurred, but said he would commission a 1446:

Apart from his work on the music of Bach, Busoni edited and transcribed works by other composers. He edited three volumes of the 34-volume Franz Liszt Foundation's edition of Liszt's works, including most of the études, and the

711:, with whom Busoni had been in correspondence since 1903, settled in Berlin in 1911 partially as a consequence of Busoni lobbying on his behalf. In 1913 Busoni arranged at his own apartment a private performance of Schoenberg's 442:, was warmly received. But living in Moscow did not suit the Busonis for both financial and professional reasons; he felt excluded by his nationalistically-inclined Russian colleagues. So when Busoni received an approach from 1305:

on music, caricatured by Busoni as the constricting rules of the "lawgivers". It praises the music of Beethoven and JS Bach as the essence of the spirit of music ("Ur-Musik") and says that their art should "be conceived as a

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asserts that "The spirit of an artwork ... remains unchanged in value through changing years" but its form, manner of expression, and the conventions of the era when it was created, "are transient and age rapidly". The

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which was of course unequal but, on the whole, interesting". In Paris, the critic Arthur Dandelot commented "this artist has certainly great qualities of technique and charm", but strongly objected to his addition of

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is somewhat ambiguous. Busoni's great-great-grandfather on his mother's side was half-Jewish (although he may not have been aware of this); Busoni used Jewish melodies to characterize a Jewish character in his opera

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reported that he "commenced in a manner to irritate the genuine amateurs by playing a ridiculous travesty of one of Bach's masterly Organ Preludes and Fugues, but he made amends by an interpretation of Chopin's

1292:), first published in 1907, set out the principles underlying his performances and his mature compositions. A collection of reflections which are "the outcome of convictions long held and slowly matured", the 281:. During this period, Busoni supported himself by giving recitals, and also by the financial support of a patron, the Baronin von Tedesco. He also continued to compose, and made his first attempt at an opera, 560:

Busoni's performing commitments somewhat stifled his creative capacity during this period: in 1896 he wrote "I have great success as a pianist, the composer I conceal for the present." His monumental

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In 1920, Busoni returned to the Berlin apartment at Viktoria-Luise-Platz 11 that he had left in 1915. His health began to decline, but he continued to give concerts. His main concern was to complete

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depend on his income. Busoni's programming and style as a recitalist initially raised concerns in some of Europe's musical centres. His first concerts in London, in 1897, met with mixed comments.

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in 1956. Their son Benni, who, despite his American nationality had lived in Berlin throughout World War II, died there in 1976. Their second son Lello, an illustrator, died in New York in 1962.

777:, Berlin, but took up the offer, intending to spend his summers in Berlin. The posting proved unsuccessful. Bologna was a cultural backwater, despite occasional visits from celebrities such as 77:, Boston, and Moscow, he devoted himself to composing, teaching, and touring as a virtuoso pianist in Europe and the United States. His writings on music were influential, and covered not only 3958: 1425:, who worked with Busoni's sketches as he knew of them. In the 1980s Antony Beaumont created an expanded and improved completion by drawing on material to which Jarnach did not have access; 7225: 1160:

considered as a whole, and Busoni always desired it to be played straight through without interruption." The press reaction to the premiere of the concerto was largely one of outrage: the

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Berlin was the heart of the musical world of the Weimar Republic. Busoni's works, including his operas, were regularly programmed. Health permitting, he continued to perform; problems of

183:. Commercially promoted by his parents in a series of further concerts, Busoni later said of this period, "I never had a childhood." In 1875, he made his concerto début playing Mozart's 898:

who played his Piano Sonata No. 1 for him (he had dedicated it to Busoni). Busoni was sufficiently impressed to write a letter of recommendation for Sorabji. When Busoni's former pupil

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Cartoon by Busoni of his 1904 US tour, drawn for his wife: "Map of the West of the United States showing the long and dolorous Tour, the anti-sentimental journey of F.B., 1904, Chicago"

7718: 3438: 812:. In January 1915 he left for a concert tour of the US, which was to be his last visit there. During this time he continued work on his Bach edition, including his version of the 668:). The concerts aroused much publicity but generated aggressive comments from critics. Couling suggests the programming of the concerts was "generally regarded as a provocation". 346:), for the vacant position of advanced piano instructor. This was Busoni's first permanent post. Amongst his close colleagues and associates there were the conductor and composer 676: 1709:

Busoni's work was also included in a 25-volume comprehensive "Busoni Edition" of Bach's keyboard works, the other volumes of which were undertaken by Petri and Bruno Muggelini.

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Between 1888 and 1890, Busoni gave about thirty piano recitals and chamber concerts in Helsingfors; amongst his compositions at this period were a set of Finnish folksongs for

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loses through notation, his interpreter should restore by his own." He envisages a future music that will include the division of the octave into more than the traditional 12

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Following a series of concerts in Northern Italy in spring 1913, Busoni was offered the directorship of the Liceo Rossini in Bologna. He had recently moved to an apartment in

7628: 5544: 894:), Busoni soon found his circumstances limiting. After the end of the war, he again undertook concert tours in England, Paris and Italy. In London, he met with the composer 818:. Upon the composer's return to Europe, Italy had entered the war. Busoni therefore chose to base himself from 1915 in Switzerland. In Zurich, he found local supporters in 5534: 1582:

Egon Petri was horrified by the piano roll recordings when they first appeared on vinyl and said that they were a travesty of Busoni's playing. Similarly, Petri's student

1494:, No. 2 (BV B 97) (which greatly annoyed Schoenberg himself). Busoni's own works sometimes feature incorporated elements of other composers' music. The fourth movement of 644:. The concerts also included premieres of some of Busoni's own works of the period, among them, in 1904, the Piano Concerto, in which he was the soloist under conductor 7603: 4993: 4082: 1627: 592:, first performed (to a lukewarm reception) in Berlin in 1912. Busoni also began to produce solo piano works that clearly revealed a more mature style, including the 684:, who later became famous as a dancer and remained a friend. His experience in Vienna in 1907 was less satisfactory, although amongst his more rewarding pupils were 3561: 191: 62: 3834: 504:. He had earlier felt unsympathetic toward the city: in an 1889 letter to Gerda he had described it as "this Jewish city that I hate, irritating, idle, arrogant, 203: 1700:, "The Gruesome Tale of the Jew Coiner Lippold", and naïvely expressed surprise when performance was turned down on the grounds of its anti-Semitic implications. 374: 7608: 1310:, and not as an unsurpassable finality." Busoni asserts the right of the interpreter vis-à-vis the purism of the "lawgivers". "The performance of music, its 7713: 3741: 1615: ... obstruct our view of his superlative late piano music. How topical still – and undiscovered – are the first two sonatinas... and the 564:(whose five movements last over an hour and include an offstage male chorus) was written between 1901 and 1904. In 1904 and 1905, the composer wrote his 7593: 7573: 4103: 4087: 3707: 1533: 1384:, Busoni's largest work for solo piano. About half an hour in length, it is essentially an extended fantasy on the final incomplete fugue from Bach's 159:, the only child of two professional musicians, Ferdinando, a clarinettist, and Anna (née Weiss), a pianist. Shortly afterwards, the family moved to 7688: 7663: 7598: 7588: 7578: 4134: 3760: 1263: 1112: 1059: 1036: 609: 412: 395: 233: 223: 1251:(BV B 35), for example, he suggests cutting eight of the variations for a "concert performance", as well as substantially rewriting many sections. 7613: 7583: 3764: 1040: 6059: 1718:

Busoni's concept of 'Young Classicism' (in his original German 'Junge Klassizität') should be distinguished from the later inter-war movement of

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took the occasion to call his views "a manifestation of the international Jewish movement" against Germany; in 1920 Busoni referred to his pupil

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1894 saw the publication in Berlin of the first part of Busoni's edition of the music of Johann Sebastian Bach for the piano; the first book of

906:, invited him to return to Germany with the promise of a teaching post and productions of his operas, he was very glad to take the opportunity. 1503: 883:, and he claimed that he "had worked out the theory of a system of thirds of tones in two rows, each separated from each other by a semitone". 926:, the libretto of which had been published in Germany in 1918. In 1921 he wrote "Like a subterranean river, heard but not seen, the music for 7693: 7618: 7484: 5137: 4998: 3570: 3549: 3473: 3391: 3377: 3245: 3179: 3132: 3113: 3087: 3062: 3011: 2975: 2957: 1234: 934: 792: 370: 1221:, an undertaking which was to extend over thirty years. Seven volumes were edited by Busoni himself; these included the 1890 edition of the 7653: 7155: 3691: 5577: 1255:

comments that "the last four variations are rewritten as a free fantasy in a pianistic style which owes far more to Busoni than to Bach."

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Busoni also drew inspiration from North American indigenous tribal melodies drawn from the studies of Natalie Curtis, which informed his

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confining himself strictly to Mozart's written text", that is, that Mozart himself could have taken similar liberties. The musicologist

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provoked in me such a revolution of spirit that I can ... date the beginning of a new epoch in my artistic life from that time."

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meant that he needed to undertake tours of England. His last appearance as a pianist was in Berlin in May 1922, playing Beethoven's

447: 105: 5962: 3146: 1596:) is really something unique. The rest is curiously unconvincing. The recordings, especially of Chopin, are a plain misalliance". 1357:

Writing in 1917, Hugo Leichtentritt described Busoni's mature style as having elements in common with those of Sibelius, Debussy,

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In the years before World War I, Busoni steadily extended his contacts in the art world in general as well as amongst musicians.

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Knyt, Erinn E. (2010a). ""How I Compose": Ferruccio Busoni's Views about Invention, Quotation, and the Compositional Process".

403: 7728: 7673: 5758: 5188: 5173: 5165: 3734: 184: 7022: 6054: 6008: 4553: 1186: 6417: 4833: 257:, the youngest person to receive this honour since Mozart. In the mid 1880s, Busoni was based in Vienna, where he met with 7523: 7507: 7424: 6942: 4977: 1449: 424: 7643: 7047: 5494: 5198: 4223: 4127: 3768: 1605: 1543: 1238: 416: 172: 6952: 7698: 7295: 7110: 5264: 5213: 5036: 3687: 2677:

Von der Einheit der Musik: von Dritteltönen und junger Klassizität, von Bühnen und Bauten und anschliessenden Bezirken

7230: 202:, and was introduced to the composer, who admired his skill. In the following year, Busoni composed a four-movement 7240: 6932: 6161: 5906: 5683: 5673: 5081: 4323: 4278: 4152: 3917: 3537: 1268: 895: 753: 665: 6317: 7733: 7479: 7160: 6879: 6830: 6039: 5130: 4900: 4218: 3727: 3505: 3187: 1209: 1192: 738: 500:

In 1894, Busoni settled in Berlin, which he henceforth regarded as his home base, except during the years around

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includes the maxim that "Music was born free; and to win freedom is its destiny". It therefore takes issue with

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which were reflected in some of his works. His compositions include works for piano, among them a monumental

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in a letter to his wife in 1919. This recording was never released. He never recorded any of his own works.

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are used) followed by a numeric identifier, to identify his compositions and transcriptions. The identifier

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Although he met with many other artistic personalities also based in Switzerland during the war (including

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considers Busoni's six Liszt recitals in Berlin of 1911 as the climax of his pre-war career as a pianist.

6013: 4020: 1361:, and Schoenberg, noting in particular his movement away from traditional major and minor scales towards 697: 431:. Gerda joined him in Moscow where they promptly married. His first concert in Moscow, when he performed 7494: 7459: 7449: 7383: 7210: 7185: 7145: 7095: 6992: 6845: 6692: 6504: 6361: 6302: 6136: 6131: 6085: 5952: 5888: 5838: 5597: 5559: 5244: 5193: 5170: 4643: 4523: 4478: 4458: 4373: 3619: 3264: 1719: 1586:

who had heard Busoni play on several occasions, remarked, "Of Busoni's piano rolls and recordings, only

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during his 1910 tour of the US. The work was premiered with Busoni as soloist in March 1914, in Berlin.

656:. Music of older masters was included, but sometimes with an unexpected twist. For example, Beethoven's 366: 295: 113: 6677: 6049: 5602: 5524: 5509: 4418: 4298: 3641:, no. 108 (Winter 1979–80) is a special Busoni issue containing, among other articles, interviews with 1575: 1314:, derives from those free heights whence descended Art itself ... What the composer's inspiration 7568: 7563: 7542: 7215: 7115: 7032: 6564: 6489: 6267: 6202: 6166: 6044: 5901: 5868: 5848: 5622: 5587: 5289: 5229: 5123: 5058: 5004: 4843: 4803: 4208: 3949: 3944: 1471: 1201: 770: 432: 428: 117: 61:

From an early age, Busoni was an outstanding, if sometimes controversial, pianist. He studied at the

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The first landmarks of this mature style are the group of piano works published in 1907–1912 (the

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in its original version for piano." (These works were actually written in 1909.) The Kindermann

851:. He completed it in Zurich and, to provide a full evening at the theatre, reworked his earlier 531: 347: 3105: 7464: 7434: 7398: 7343: 7265: 7195: 7120: 6962: 6947: 6917: 6804: 6799: 6758: 6733: 6707: 6682: 6646: 6636: 6534: 6529: 6524: 6519: 6187: 6156: 6100: 6095: 5911: 5896: 5818: 5703: 5648: 5572: 5519: 5484: 5437: 5340: 5330: 5294: 5160: 4983: 4848: 4788: 4768: 4728: 4713: 4693: 4628: 4618: 4613: 4608: 4593: 4578: 4573: 4348: 4343: 4318: 4248: 3791: 3669: 3566: 3545: 3488: 3469: 3387: 3373: 3354: 3241: 3175: 3174:. Studien zur Musikgeschichte des 19. Jahrhunderts, vol. 19. Regensburg: Gustav Bosse Verlag. 3128: 3109: 3083: 3058: 3032: 3007: 2971: 2953: 2703: 2695: 1659: 1539: 1460: 954: 856: 718: 708: 641: 633: 589: 525: 7245: 7235: 7070: 6967: 6892: 6809: 6773: 6651: 6621: 6453: 6322: 6312: 6307: 6297: 6287: 6262: 6227: 6192: 6115: 6090: 6064: 5728: 5658: 5607: 5504: 5406: 5345: 5335: 5318: 5279: 5274: 5249: 4988: 4940: 4828: 4783: 4778: 4718: 4663: 4533: 4488: 4368: 4333: 4303: 4213: 4046: 4015: 3901: 3819: 3678: 3589: 3514: 3415: 3397: 3323: 3277: 3196: 3093: 1630:

was initiated in Busoni's honour in 1949, to commemorate the 25th anniversary of his death.

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of Bach's music, which he often included in his own recitals. These included some of Bach's

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as a pianist was very limited, and many of his original recordings were destroyed when the

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has described the Beaumont completion as "longer, more adventurous and perhaps less good."

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Busoni's works include compositions, adaptations, transcriptions, recordings and writings.

982: 226:, now lost) in 1879. Other early pieces were published at this time, including settings of 7469: 7454: 7429: 7353: 7285: 7280: 7275: 7190: 7175: 7130: 7065: 6937: 6907: 6753: 6748: 6631: 6554: 6544: 6494: 6402: 6277: 6171: 6110: 6105: 5972: 5916: 5833: 5823: 5643: 5627: 5582: 5549: 5372: 5310: 5299: 5041: 4935: 4930: 4910: 4905: 4879: 4793: 4743: 4668: 4638: 4603: 4563: 4293: 4288: 4258: 4198: 4041: 4000: 3866: 3642: 3445: 3410: 3405: 3142: 2945: 1693: 1651: 1583: 1426: 1422: 1230: 1147: 1141: 950: 903: 827: 819: 796: 713: 700:

and Louis Closson; the latter four were dedicatees of pieces in Busoni's 1909 piano album

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in Boston, he was happy to take the opportunity, particularly since the conductor of the

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Ferruccio Busoni and the Ontology of the Musical Work: Permutations and Possibilities

2675: 1685: 1515: 1137: 1133: 1117: 1023: 961: 868: 774: 600: 584: 355: 278: 258: 164: 121: 70: 949:, and Robert Blum, and during these last years Busoni also had contact with Varèse, 458:, whom he had known since 1876 when they performed together at a concert in Vienna. 7373: 7348: 7323: 7290: 7260: 7180: 7140: 7042: 6987: 6897: 6865: 6855: 6840: 6580: 6443: 6433: 6407: 6252: 6207: 5931: 5863: 5853: 5793: 5743: 5688: 5499: 5417: 5388: 5239: 4763: 4683: 4678: 4658: 4623: 4473: 4468: 4453: 4433: 4393: 4378: 4358: 4188: 4168: 4061: 3975: 3807: 3646: 3365: 3273: 1723: 1676: 1571: 1417: 1015: 887: 808: 795:

tribes; Busoni derived them from a book he had received from his former pupil, the

637: 621: 401:

In 1890, Busoni published his first edition of Bach works: the two- and three-part

327: 126: 39: 6738: 4308: 3655:(1922) Ferruccio Busoni: Der Versuch Eines Porträts . pub. E.P. Tal & Co. 1922 1666:, who consulted with Busoni's wife and family in writing his life of the composer. 914: 549:

between 1904 and 1915. This journeying life led van Dieren to call him "a musical

190:

From the ages of nine to eleven, with the help of a patron, Busoni studied at the

3683: 3631: 3219: 1421:

in 1916, leaving it incomplete at his death. It was then finished by his student

7388: 7255: 7105: 7057: 6702: 6605: 6549: 6356: 6222: 5926: 5858: 5592: 5469: 5453: 5412: 5361: 5234: 5146: 5026: 4773: 4708: 4513: 4493: 4338: 4313: 3990: 3665: 1692:

as "a very fine Jew, who will certainly make his way". But in protest at German

1084: 1054: 891: 782: 575: 501: 377:

565), and was persuaded by his pupil Kathi Petri—the mother of his future pupil

219: 199: 86: 85:

and other innovative topics. He was based in Berlin from 1894 but spent much of

312: 151:

Ferruccio Dante Michelangiolo Benvenuto Busoni was born on 1 April 1866 in the

17: 6509: 5828: 5808: 5798: 5447: 5284: 4915: 4518: 4056: 4010: 4005: 3980: 3419: 1689: 1570:. These include a 1950 recording by Columbia sourced from piano rolls made by 1559: 1483: 1391: 1287: 1007: 942: 880: 689: 681: 378: 362: 351: 82: 78: 3492: 3358: 3200: 2981:

Beaumont, Antony (2001). "Busoni, Ferruccio (Dante Michelangelo Benvenuto)".

7170: 6499: 6381: 5713: 5432: 5422: 4884: 4858: 4263: 4203: 3036: 1453:. Other Liszt transcriptions include his piano arrangement of Liszt's organ 1394:. Busoni revised the work a number of times and arranged it for two pianos. 1362: 1345: 1152: 1011: 876: 645: 536: 365:(Op. 27). In 1889, visiting Leipzig, he heard a performance on the organ of 228: 101: 3240:. Translated by Svetlana Belsky. Rochester: University of Rochester Press. 1546:'s factory burned down in 1912. Busoni mentions recording the Gounod-Liszt 1000:

said of Busoni's playing that it "signifies the victory of reflection over

381:, then only five years old—to transcribe it for piano. Busoni's biographer 3559:

Wirth, Helmut (1980). "Busoni, Ferruccio (Dante Michelangelo Benvenuto)".

3281: 2707: 1266:); and in the following year came his extended fantasy based on Bach, the 837: 506: 7310: 4950: 3225: 3022: 1684:; when during World War I Busoni took a stand against German aggression, 1563: 1390:. It uses several melodic figures found in Bach's work, most notably the 1319: 734: 605: 339: 194:. His first performances in Vienna were glowingly received by the critic 74: 51: 3172:

Thematisch-chronologisches Verzeichnis der Werke von Ferruccio B. Busoni

2699: 964:, although inflamed kidneys and overwork also contributed to his death. 918:

Commemorative plaque at site of Busoni's apartment in Schöneberg, Berlin

733:, who proposed collaboration in a ballet or opera. He also met with the 6982: 5733: 5324: 4925: 1376:

and the first two piano sonatinas) and Busoni's first completed opera,

1088: 1001: 550: 274: 254: 160: 152: 55: 3601: 3526: 3427: 3335: 3289: 1432:

In the last seven years of his life Busoni worked sporadically on his

1401:

for piano and orchestra of 1913 and two books of solo piano sketches,

470: 5427: 1520: 672: 156: 7724:

Academic staff of the University of Music and Performing Arts Vienna

3259: 3719: 3593: 3518: 3327: 3713: 1344: 1185: 1014:, passages in a Mozart concerto written as single notes. At this, 981: 913: 871:

and an extended war of words. Busoni continued to experiment with

752: 469: 311: 261:

and helped to prepare the vocal score for the latter's 1886 opera

238: 142: 38: 4112: 3370:

Busoni and the Piano: The Works, the Writings, and the Recordings

1258:

On the death of his father in 1909, Busoni wrote in his memory a

5383: 4920: 2889:

Johansen, Gunnar (1979). "Busoni the pianist – in Perspective".

1213:. This was equipped with substantial appendices, including one " 671:

During the period Busoni undertook teaching at masterclasses at

207: 130:, he left unfinished when he died, in Berlin, at the age of 58. 5119: 4116: 3723: 2838:"Music's tech nightmare: Part 2 – The legendary Louis Sterling" 1325:

Another collection of Busoni's essays was published in 1922 as

902:, by then an official at the Ministry of Culture in the German 100:, he developed a more individual style, often with elements of 5115: 1136:

ensemble and some for orchestra, amongst them two large-scale

930:

roars and flows continually in the depths of my aspirations".

407:. In the same year he won the prize for composition, with his 3314:

Roberge, Marc-André (1996). "Ferruccio Busoni et la France".

1478:

Busoni also made keyboard transcriptions of works by Mozart,

1456:

Fantasy and Fugue on the chorale "Ad nos, ad salutarem undam"

1215:

On the Transcription of Bach's Organ Works for the Pianoforte

427:. As a consequence he was invited to visit and teach at the 3468:. Bloomingdale and Indianapolis: Indiana University Press. 3096:(1998). "The virtuoso tradition". In Rowland, David (ed.). 1567: 1380:; together with the rather different Bach homage, the 1910 841:. While in America, Busoni had carried out further work on 867:

let to a virulent counter-attack from the German composer

791:. The piece is based on melodies and rhythms from various 206:. After leaving Vienna, he had a brief period of study in 3716:

Score from Sibley Music Library Digital Scores Collection

1696:

in 1923, he rewrote for concert performance an aria from

859:. The two were premiered together in Zurich in May 1917. 411:("Concert Piece") for piano and orchestra, Op. 31a ( 1010:

was surprised to hear Busoni playing, with two hands in

620:(Beethoven Hall), included German premieres of music by 582:. A major project undertaken at this time was the opera 253:

He was elected in 1881 to the Accademia Filharmonica of

3959:

Fantasy on Themes from Mozart's Figaro and Don Giovanni

960:

Busoni died in Berlin on 27 July 1924, officially from

124:, vocal and orchestral works, and operas—one of which, 3487:. London: Humphrey Milford (Oxford University Press). 1562:; a few of them have been re-recorded and released on 1337:. Busoni also wrote the librettos of his four operas. 941:

Concerto. Among his composition pupils in Berlin were

3580:

Wis, Roberto (1977). "Ferruccio Busoni and Finland".

1486:

and others in the period 1886–1891 for the publisher

1190:

Cover of first edition of Busoni's edition of Bach's

214:, and conducted a performance of his own composition 112:, and transcriptions of the works of others, notably 3565:. Vol. 3. London: Macmillan. pp. 508–512. 845:, and had written the libretto of his one-act opera 27:

Italian composer, pianist, and conductor (1866–1924)

7417: 7309: 7056: 6878: 6823: 6792: 6716: 6665: 6614: 6573: 6482: 6426: 6390: 6344: 6335: 6180: 6124: 6073: 6032: 5991: 5945: 5887: 5757: 5636: 5558: 5477: 5468: 5354: 5222: 5153: 5014: 4959: 4893: 4872: 4159: 4075: 4029: 3968: 3935: 3893: 3858: 3827: 3775: 3635:, roberge.mus.ulaval.ca. Accessed 22 January 2022. 3461: 3104:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 3097: 2999: 2929:, Ferruccio Busoni International Piano Competition 2428:Citations and comment from Scholes (1947), p. 318. 553:" (after the Biblical wanderer). The musicologist 222:55 in the composer's initial numbering sequence, ( 2374:Dent (1933), pp. 265–271; Coulson (2005), p. 337. 2194:Dent (1933), pp. 160–161; Beaumont (1997), p. 91. 1111:suggested that the Second Violin Sonata Op. 36a ( 390:, and proposed to her within a week. He composed 4083:Ferruccio Busoni International Piano Competition 3542:Franz Liszt. Volume 3: The Final Years 1861–1880 1628:Ferruccio Busoni International Piano Competition 1415:as an opera. He began serious work on his opera 1411:(1917) as a companion piece for his revision of 394:("To the Beloved") for cello and piano for her ( 92:He began composing in his early years in a late 3562:The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians 2690:Busoni, Ferruccio, translated by Rosamond Ley. 1650:The names were chosen by his father to reflect 1217:". This was eventually to form a volume of the 1018:proclaimed Busoni "to be an absolute purist in 7719:University of Music and Theatre Leipzig alumni 2068:Couling (2005), pp. 166–173, 183–188, 215–216. 1280:Busoni wrote a number of essays on music. The 986:Busoni at the piano, from a postcard produced 675:, Vienna and Basel. In 1900 he was invited by 5131: 4128: 3735: 660:with the eccentric first movement cadenza by 398:; published in 1891 without an opus number). 96:style, but after 1907, when he published his 50:(1 April 1866 – 27 July 1924) was an Italian 30:"Busoni" redirects here. For other uses, see 8: 1225:. Busoni also began to publish his concert 1095:refers to Busoni's cadenzas for Beethoven's 729:. In Paris in 1912 Busoni had meetings with 542:St. François de Paule marchant sur les flots 308:Helsingfors, Moscow, and America (1888–1893) 273:, and who recommended he undertake study in 3503:(1968). "Impressions of Ferruccio Busoni". 3082:. (Reprint: London: Ernst Eulenberg, 1974) 1087:") is used for Busoni's transcriptions and 104:. His visits to America led to interest in 7629:Anton Rubinstein Competition prize-winners 6341: 5474: 5138: 5124: 5116: 4135: 4121: 4113: 3742: 3728: 3720: 3684:Newspaper clippings about Ferruccio Busoni 1790: 1788: 1786: 1506:(numbers 11 and 15), while the 1920 piece 1405:. In 1917, Busoni wrote the one-act opera 664:(which includes references to Beethoven's 4088:Ferruccio Busoni discography (as pianist) 3708:International Music Score Library Project 3386:(2 vols in 1). London: Kahn and Averill. 1534:Ferruccio Busoni discography (as pianist) 1442:Editions, transcriptions and arrangements 1349:Sketch by Busoni of the structure of his 1282:Entwurf einer neuen Ästhetik der Tonkunst 269:, to whom he dedicated two sets of piano 106:North American indigenous tribal melodies 1200:For broader coverage of this topic, see 1067:("Busoni Index"); sometimes the letters 1037:List of compositions by Ferruccio Busoni 890:, who noted his extensive drinking, and 7604:20th-century Italian conductors (music) 1737: 1643: 1041:List of adaptations by Ferruccio Busoni 749:World War I and Switzerland (1913–1920) 717:which was attended by, amongst others, 604:(BV 252; 1909) and the first two piano 198:. In 1877, Busoni heard the playing of 2970:. New York:Columbia University Press. 2692:The Essence of Music: And Other Papers 7485:Romanticism and the French Revolution 3835:Concerto for Piano and String Quartet 3057:. Lanham, Maryland: Scarecrow Press. 3055:Ferruccio Busoni: "A Musical Ishmael" 2773:Beaumont (1985), p. 295, pp. 302–307. 1558:Busoni made a considerable number of 1469:) and concert versions of two of the 478:Busoni was at the Berlin premiere of 204:concerto for piano and string quartet 7: 3307:Ferruccio Busoni: A Bio-Bibliography 3100:The Cambridge Companion to the Piano 7609:20th-century Italian male musicians 4994:Tchaikovsky and the Belyayev circle 3127:. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 3002:Musical Thoughts and After-Thoughts 2131:Beaumont (1985), pp. 101, 148, 178. 7714:Pupils of Wilhelm Mayer (composer) 3675:Works by or about Ferruccio Busoni 3049:. Leipzig: Breitkopf & Härtel. 2987:. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 2221:Dent (1933), pp. 197–198, 201–202. 2167:Smith (2000), vol. 2, pp. 178—179. 1498:(1909), for instance, uses two of 875:: in America he had obtained some 785:work for piano and orchestra, the 73:. After brief periods teaching in 25: 3714:4 Poesie liriche Op.40 for chorus 3464:Anton Rubinstein: A Life in Music 3450:Busoni and his pupils (1922–1952) 3402:Ferruccio Busoni—Selected Letters 3024:Sketch of a New Esthetic of Music 2809:See Beaumont (1997), pp. 314–318. 1813: 1459:(BV B 59) (based on a theme from 763:Galleria Nazionale d'Arte Moderna 761:, 1916 (in the collection of the 448:New England Conservatory of Music 98:Sketch of a New Esthetic of Music 7594:20th-century classical composers 7574:19th-century classical composers 7538: 7537: 5099: 5090: 5089: 4099: 4098: 3818: 3260:"Ferruccio Busoni as a Composer" 3151:Captures a Composer's Paradoxes" 2653:See Brendel (1976), pp. 114—115. 2293:Beaumont (1985), p. 219, p. 240. 2212:Beaumont (1985), pp. 26–27, 208. 466:Berlin, 1893–1913: "A new epoch" 7689:Italian male classical pianists 7664:Italian male conductors (music) 7599:20th-century classical pianists 7589:19th-century conductors (music) 7579:19th-century classical pianists 3704:Free scores by Ferruccio Busoni 3353:. London: Novello and Company. 2931:website, accessed 28 April 2015 1726:may have influenced the latter. 1512:Fantasia da camera super Carmen 7614:20th-century Italian composers 7584:19th-century Italian composers 3439:"Busoni's Complete Recordings" 3298:, Breitkopf & Härtel 1916) 2966:Beaumont, Antony, ed. (1987). 2599:Beaumont (1985), pp. 137, 160. 2527:Dent (1933), pp. 152–153, 233. 2347:Beaumont (1987), pp. 300, 303. 2329:Couling (2005), p. 290, p. 311 2248:.Beaumont (1985), pp. 190–191. 2023:Beaumont (1987), pp. 371, 374. 1675:Busoni's attitude to Jews and 1223:Two- and Three-Part Inventions 1053:Busoni gave many of his works 1: 7508:Wanderer above the Sea of Fog 3544:. New York: Alfred A. Knopf. 3351:The Mirror of Music 1844–1944 3076:Ferruccio Busoni: A Biography 2827:Beaumont (1985), pp. 275–277. 2818:Beaumont (1985), pp. 152–153. 2755:Beaumont (1985), pp. 349–352. 2746:Beaumont (1985), pp. 190–203. 2737:Beaumont (1985), pp. 160–176. 2545:Beaumont (1985), pp. 375–376. 987: 539:passages to parts of Liszt's 425:Saint Petersburg Conservatory 317: 244: 7694:Italian male opera composers 7619:20th-century Italian writers 3951:Toccata and Fugue in D minor 3483:van Dieren, Bernard (1935). 3046:Klavierübung in zehn Büchern 2926:"History of the competition" 2870:See Knyt (2010b) pp. 250–260 2800:Leichtentritt (1917), p. 72. 2728:Leichtentritt (1917), p. 95. 2554:see Beaumont (1987), p. 111. 2518:Leichtentritt (1917). p. 79. 2509:Couling (2005), pp. 195–196. 2455:Leichtentritt (1917), p. 76. 2410:Couling (2005), pp. 353–354. 2392:Couling (2005), pp. 351–352. 2383:Couling (2005), pp. 335–336. 2356:Couling (2005), pp. 318–322. 2311:Couling (2005), pp. 306–310. 2095:Dent (1933), p. 105, p. 113. 2032:Couling (2005), pp. 148–149. 1606:Ferruccio Busoni discography 1544:Columbia Graphophone Company 1333:, and in 1957 translated as 1239:Chromatic Fantasia and Fugue 1235:Toccata and Fugue in D minor 514:pointed out, "international 417:Anton Rubinstein Competition 371:Toccata and Fugue in D minor 342:, Finland, then part of the 7654:Italian classical composers 5037:Gothic Revival architecture 3688:20th Century Press Archives 3414:. New Series (163): 27–29. 3170:Kindermann, Jürgen (1980). 2952:. London: Faber and Faber. 2590:Hamilton (1998), pp. 66–67. 2572:Leichentritt (1914), p. 88. 1969:Beaumont (1987), pp. 53–54. 1722:, although his interest in 1331:Wesen und Einheit der Musik 7755: 7659:Italian classical pianists 7649:Deaths from kidney disease 7425:Coleridge's theory of life 4978:Neue Zeitschrift für Musik 4153:List of Romantic composers 3918:Fantasia contrappuntistica 3460:Taylor, Philip S. (2007). 3437:Summers, Jonathan (2004). 3123:Hamilton, Kenneth (2008). 3043:Busoni, Ferruccio (1925). 3021:Busoni, Ferruccio (1911). 2694:. London: Rockliff, 1957. 1603: 1531: 1514:) is based on themes from 1450:Grandes études de Paganini 1382:Fantasia contrappuntistica 1351:Fantasia Contrappuntistica 1269:Fantasia contrappuntistica 1199: 1034: 896:Kaikhosru Shapurji Sorabji 612:(1910) and BV 259 (1912). 598:(BV 249; 1907), the suite 326:In 1888, the musicologist 29: 7639:Child classical musicians 7624:20th-century male writers 7517: 7480:Romanticism and economics 5495:Manuel Antônio de Almeida 5069: 4150: 4096: 3816: 3757: 3666:Works by Ferruccio Busoni 3632:Opus Sorabjianum. v. 3.00 3506:Perspectives of New Music 3420:10.1017/S0040298200023585 3404:translated and edited by 3384:Alkan: The Man, The Music 3188:The Journal of Musicology 3031:. New York: G. Schirmer. 2563:Dent (1933), pp. 318–319. 2464:van Dieren (1935), p. 52. 2338:Dent (1933), pp. 240–247. 2302:Dent (1933), pp. 231–232. 2239:Dent (1933), pp. 205–225. 2185:Dent (1933), pp. 125—128. 2149:Dent (1933), pp. 332–336. 2077:van Dieren (1935), p. 44. 2041:van Dieren (1935), p. 35. 1960:Dent (1933), pp. 115–117. 1834:Couling (2005), pp. 70–1. 1327:Von der Einheit der Musik 1260:Fantasia after J. S. Bach 1210:The Well-Tempered Clavier 1193:The Well-Tempered Clavier 935:hyperinflation in Germany 452:Boston Symphony Orchestra 236:) and some piano pieces. 5260:German historical school 4999:Tchaikovsky and The Five 3218:Knyt, Errin E. (2010b). 3209:10.1525/jm.2010.27.2.224 3201:10.1525/jm.2010.27.2.224 3006:. London: Robson Books. 2968:Busoni: Selected Letters 2791:Beaumont (1985), p. 377. 2644:Busoni (1911), p. 10—12. 2473:Roberge (1991), pp. 8–63 2401:Beaumont (1995), p. 311. 2257:Dent (1933), pp. 220—223 2122:Beaumont (1985), p. 116. 1906:Wis (1977), pp. 259–261. 1879:Wis (1977), pp. 267–269. 1771:Couling (2005) pp. 14–16 1656:Michelangelo Buonarrotti 1504:Caprices for solo violin 1312:emotional interpretation 7709:Pupils of Carl Reinecke 7684:Italian opera composers 7679:Italian music educators 7669:Italian music arrangers 5907:Józef Ignacy Kraszewski 3607:(subscription required) 3532:(subscription required) 3485:Down among the Dead Men 3444:20 October 2020 at the 3433:(subscription required) 3341:(subscription required) 3236:Kogan, Grigory (2010). 3214:(subscription required) 3080:Oxford University Press 3053:Couling, Della (2005). 2990:(subscription required) 2907:Brendel (1976), p. 118. 2662:Brendel (1976), p. 108. 2491:Brendel (1976), p. 208. 2482:Beaumont (1985), p. 42. 2419:Brendel (1976), p. 211. 2320:Couling (2005), p. 292. 2203:Couling (2005), p. 239. 2176:Couling (2005), p. 192. 2113:Beaumont (1985), p. 76. 2104:Beaumont (1985), p. 61. 2059:Roberge (1996), p. 274. 2050:Scholes (1947), p. 318. 2014:Couling (2005), p. 330. 1987:Couling (2005), p. 352. 1978:Couling (2005), p. 143. 1951:Dent (1933), pp. 97–100 1942:Couling (2005), p. 128. 1825:Dent (1933), pp. 41–42. 1329:, later republished as 910:Final years (1920–1924) 865:A New Esthetic of Music 32:Busoni (disambiguation) 7739:Musicians from Tuscany 7490:Romanticism in science 7445:Middle Ages in history 7440:List of Romantic poets 6152:Josiah Gilbert Holland 5022:Common practice period 4067:George Frederick Boyle 3400:(1987). "Book review: 3382:Smith, Ronald (2000). 3232:, accessed 5 June 2016 2681:Berlin: M. Hesse, 1922 2275:Couling (2005), p. 311 1924:Taylor (2007), p. 218. 1803:Walker (1996), p. 367. 1488:Breitkopf & Härtel 1354: 1197: 1073:Kindermann Verzeichnis 993: 919: 766: 757:Portrait of Busoni by 662:Charles-Valentin Alkan 475: 330:recommended Busoni to 323: 250: 148: 81:but considerations of 44: 7729:Philosophers of music 7674:Italian male pianists 7460:Romantic epistemology 7450:Opium and Romanticism 6019:Stojadinović-Srpkinja 5245:Counter-Enlightenment 3265:The Musical Quarterly 2879:Sitsky (1986) p. 329. 2581:Busoni (1907), p. 11. 2140:Wirth (1980), p. 509. 2005:Kogan (2010), p. 101. 1744:Dent (1933), pp. 7—8. 1593:Transcendental Études 1348: 1233:for organ, the organ 1189: 985: 917: 800:Natalie Curtis Burlin 756: 588:, based on a tale by 580:play of the same name 473: 315: 296:The Barber of Baghdad 242: 185:Piano Concerto No. 24 146: 114:Johann Sebastian Bach 42: 7524:Age of Enlightenment 5166:England (literature) 5059:Romantic nationalism 5005:War of the Romantics 4030:Composition students 3945:Bach-Busoni Editions 3316:Revue de Musicologie 3125:After the Golden Age 2719:Wirth (1980), p. 510 2635:Busoni (1911), p. 7. 2626:Busoni (1911), p. 4. 2617:Busoni (1911), p. 1. 2608:Busoni (1911), p. 3. 2536:Dent (1933), p. 348. 2500:Dent (1933), p. 142. 2365:Dent (1933), p. 264. 2284:Dent (1933), pp. 223 2266:Dent (1933), p. 229. 2230:Dent (1933), p. 203. 2086:Beaumont (n.d.), §1. 1843:Kogan (2010), p. 10. 1794:Wirth (1980), p. 508 1634:Notes and references 1508:Piano Sonatina No. 6 1472:Hungarian Rhapsodies 1335:The Essence of Music 1227:piano transcriptions 1202:Bach-Busoni Editions 1097:Piano Concerto No. 4 832:José Vianna da Motta 771:Viktoria-Luise-Platz 658:Third Piano Concerto 652:, and, in 1907, his 429:Moscow Conservatoire 388:Carl Eneas Sjöstrand 338:at Helsingfors (now 118:Bach-Busoni Editions 7644:Composers for piano 7475:Romantic psychology 5270:Hudson River School 5214:Sweden (literature) 5199:Russia (literature) 5054:Musical nationalism 4972:Musical nationalism 3653:Selden-Goth, Gisela 3639:The Piano Quarterly 3620:Roberge, Marc-André 3372:. Greenwood Press. 3303:Roberge, Marc-André 3282:10.1093/mq/iii.1.69 3256:Leichtentritt, Hugo 3230:Stanford University 2950:Busoni the Composer 2891:The Piano Quarterly 2674:Busoni, Ferruccio. 2437:Dent (1933), p. 37. 2158:Dent (1933), p. 156 1996:Knyt (2010a) p. 233 1933:Wis (1977), p. 264. 1915:Dent (1933), p. 103 1897:Dent (1933), p. 86. 1888:Wis (1977), p. 258. 1870:Wis (1977), p. 255. 1861:Wis (1977), p. 256. 1852:Wis (1977), p. 251. 1762:Dent (1933), p. 17. 1753:Dent (1933), p. 16. 1574:including music of 1538:Busoni's output on 1492:Piano Piece, Op. 11 1341:Mature compositions 1303:conventional wisdom 1248:Goldberg Variations 1219:Bach-Busoni Edition 815:Goldberg Variations 731:Gabriele D'Annunzio 677:Duke Karl-Alexander 354:, and the composer 192:Vienna Conservatory 63:Vienna Conservatory 7699:People from Empoli 5460:White Mountain art 5401:Historical fiction 5209:Spain (literature) 4967:Indianist movement 4885:Romantic orchestra 3938:and transcriptions 3894:Piano compositions 3883:Berceuse élégiaque 3156:The New York Times 2984:Grove Music Online 1780:Beaumont (2001) §1 1590:(no. 5 of Liszt's 1359:Alexander Scriabin 1355: 1198: 1163:Tägliche Rundschau 1129:Busoni Verzeichnis 1121: ... and the 1109:Hugo Leichtentritt 1103:Early compositions 1065:Busoni Verzeichnis 994: 920: 824:Tonhalle Orchestra 822:(conductor of the 767: 512:Bernard van Dieren 476: 336:Institute of Music 334:, director of the 324: 251: 149: 116:(published as the 45: 7551: 7550: 7465:Romantic medicine 7435:List of romantics 6874: 6873: 6525:Felix Mendelssohn 6520:Fanny Mendelssohn 6331: 6330: 6045:Rosalía de Castro 5983:Soares dos Passos 5331:Transcendentalism 5295:Nazarene movement 5255:Düsseldorf School 5113: 5112: 4984:New German School 4579:Felix Mendelssohn 4574:Fanny Mendelssohn 4110: 4109: 3969:Keyboard students 3670:Project Gutenberg 3582:Acta Musicologica 3572:978-0-333-23111-1 3551:978-0-394-52542-6 3475:978-0-253-34871-5 3398:Stevenson, Ronald 3392:978-1-871082-73-9 3378:978-0-313-23671-6 3347:Scholes, Percy A. 3247:978-1-58046-335-5 3238:Busoni as Pianist 3180:978-3-7649-2033-3 3145:(23 April 2000). 3134:978-0-19-517826-5 3115:978-0-521-47986-8 3094:Hamilton, Kenneth 3088:978-0-903873-02-4 3064:978-0-8108-5142-9 3013:978-0-903895-43-9 2976:978-0-231-06460-6 2959:978-0-571-13149-5 2842:EMI Archive Trust 2446:Kindermann (1980) 1660:Benvenuto Cellini 1619:of 1921 ... 1540:gramophone record 1461:Giacomo Meyerbeer 955:Hermann Scherchen 797:ethnomusicologist 739:Filippo Marinetti 719:Willem Mengelberg 709:Arnold Schoenberg 590:E. T. A. Hoffmann 526:The Musical Times 454:at that time was 173:Sonata in C major 120:). He also wrote 16:(Redirected from 7746: 7734:Ferruccio Busoni 7541: 7540: 7500:Evolution theory 6342: 5475: 5336:Ukrainian school 5140: 5133: 5126: 5117: 5103: 5093: 5092: 4989:Post-romanticism 4854:Vaughan Williams 4137: 4130: 4123: 4114: 4102: 4101: 4076:Related articles 4021:Józef Turczyński 4016:Zdenka Ticharich 3822: 3751:Ferruccio Busoni 3744: 3737: 3730: 3721: 3679:Internet Archive 3628: 3608: 3605: 3576: 3555: 3533: 3530: 3496: 3479: 3467: 3452:, CD recording, 3434: 3431: 3362: 3342: 3339: 3310: 3296:Ferruccio Busoni 3293: 3251: 3215: 3212: 3167: 3165: 3163: 3143:Horowitz, Joseph 3138: 3119: 3103: 3068: 3040: 3027:. Translated by 3017: 3005: 2991: 2988: 2963: 2946:Beaumont, Antony 2932: 2923: 2917: 2914: 2908: 2905: 2899: 2898: 2886: 2880: 2877: 2871: 2868: 2862: 2859: 2853: 2852: 2850: 2848: 2834: 2828: 2825: 2819: 2816: 2810: 2807: 2801: 2798: 2792: 2789: 2783: 2780: 2774: 2771: 2765: 2764:Horowitz (2000). 2762: 2756: 2753: 2747: 2744: 2738: 2735: 2729: 2726: 2720: 2717: 2711: 2688: 2682: 2673: 2669: 2663: 2660: 2654: 2651: 2645: 2642: 2636: 2633: 2627: 2624: 2618: 2615: 2609: 2606: 2600: 2597: 2591: 2588: 2582: 2579: 2573: 2570: 2564: 2561: 2555: 2552: 2546: 2543: 2537: 2534: 2528: 2525: 2519: 2516: 2510: 2507: 2501: 2498: 2492: 2489: 2483: 2480: 2474: 2471: 2465: 2462: 2456: 2453: 2447: 2444: 2438: 2435: 2429: 2426: 2420: 2417: 2411: 2408: 2402: 2399: 2393: 2390: 2384: 2381: 2375: 2372: 2366: 2363: 2357: 2354: 2348: 2345: 2339: 2336: 2330: 2327: 2321: 2318: 2312: 2309: 2303: 2300: 2294: 2291: 2285: 2282: 2276: 2273: 2267: 2264: 2258: 2255: 2249: 2246: 2240: 2237: 2231: 2228: 2222: 2219: 2213: 2210: 2204: 2201: 2195: 2192: 2186: 2183: 2177: 2174: 2168: 2165: 2159: 2156: 2150: 2147: 2141: 2138: 2132: 2129: 2123: 2120: 2114: 2111: 2105: 2102: 2096: 2093: 2087: 2084: 2078: 2075: 2069: 2066: 2060: 2057: 2051: 2048: 2042: 2039: 2033: 2030: 2024: 2021: 2015: 2012: 2006: 2003: 1997: 1994: 1988: 1985: 1979: 1976: 1970: 1967: 1961: 1958: 1952: 1949: 1943: 1940: 1934: 1931: 1925: 1922: 1916: 1913: 1907: 1904: 1898: 1895: 1889: 1886: 1880: 1877: 1871: 1868: 1862: 1859: 1853: 1850: 1844: 1841: 1835: 1832: 1826: 1823: 1817: 1816:in this article. 1810: 1804: 1801: 1795: 1792: 1781: 1778: 1772: 1769: 1763: 1760: 1754: 1751: 1745: 1742: 1727: 1716: 1710: 1707: 1701: 1673: 1667: 1648: 1500:Niccolò Paganini 1387:The Art of Fugue 1286:Sketch of a New 1253:Kenneth Hamilton 1231:chorale preludes 1171: 992: 991: 1895–1900 989: 953:, the conductor 759:Umberto Boccioni 743:Umberto Boccioni 698:Józef Turczyński 572:incidental music 532:Studies (Op. 25) 446:to teach at the 444:William Steinway 421:Anton Rubinstein 415:), at the first 322: 319: 249: 246: 175:, and pieces by 89:in Switzerland. 48:Ferruccio Busoni 21: 7754: 7753: 7749: 7748: 7747: 7745: 7744: 7743: 7704:Piano educators 7554: 7553: 7552: 7547: 7546: 7535: 7527: 7513: 7470:Romantic poetry 7455:Romantic ballet 7430:German idealism 7413: 7379:Lacoue-Labarthe 7305: 7052: 6870: 6819: 6788: 6769:Rimsky-Korsakov 6712: 6661: 6610: 6569: 6478: 6422: 6386: 6327: 6176: 6120: 6069: 6028: 5987: 5941: 5883: 5824:Maria Edgeworth 5760: 5753: 5632: 5554: 5464: 5443:Romantic genius 5373:Gesamtkunstwerk 5350: 5311:Sturm und Drang 5218: 5149: 5144: 5114: 5109: 5086: 5082:Modernist music 5078: 5075:Classical music 5065: 5010: 4955: 4936:Romantic ballet 4931:Orchestral song 4911:Chorale prelude 4906:Character piece 4889: 4880:Romantic guitar 4873:Instrumentation 4868: 4704:Rimsky-Korsakov 4324:Ferdinand David 4161: 4155: 4146: 4141: 4111: 4106: 4092: 4071: 4042:Philipp Jarnach 4025: 4001:Louis Gruenberg 3964: 3937: 3931: 3889: 3867:Comedy Overture 3854: 3823: 3814: 3771: 3753: 3748: 3662: 3643:Gunnar Johansen 3629:(21 May 2021). 3622: 3616: 3614:Further reading 3611: 3606: 3579: 3573: 3558: 3552: 3536: 3531: 3501:Vogel, Wladimir 3499: 3482: 3476: 3459: 3446:Wayback Machine 3432: 3406:Antony Beaumont 3396: 3345: 3340: 3313: 3301: 3254: 3248: 3235: 3213: 3184: 3161: 3159: 3141: 3135: 3122: 3116: 3092: 3072:Dent, Edward J. 3065: 3052: 3020: 3014: 2996:Brendel, Alfred 2994: 2989: 2980: 2960: 2944: 2940: 2935: 2924: 2920: 2915: 2911: 2906: 2902: 2888: 2887: 2883: 2878: 2874: 2869: 2865: 2860: 2856: 2846: 2844: 2836: 2835: 2831: 2826: 2822: 2817: 2813: 2808: 2804: 2799: 2795: 2790: 2786: 2781: 2777: 2772: 2768: 2763: 2759: 2754: 2750: 2745: 2741: 2736: 2732: 2727: 2723: 2718: 2714: 2689: 2685: 2671: 2670: 2666: 2661: 2657: 2652: 2648: 2643: 2639: 2634: 2630: 2625: 2621: 2616: 2612: 2607: 2603: 2598: 2594: 2589: 2585: 2580: 2576: 2571: 2567: 2562: 2558: 2553: 2549: 2544: 2540: 2535: 2531: 2526: 2522: 2517: 2513: 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1752: 1748: 1743: 1739: 1730: 1717: 1713: 1708: 1704: 1694:hyper-inflation 1674: 1670: 1652:Dante Alighieri 1649: 1645: 1636: 1608: 1602: 1584:Gunnar Johansen 1556: 1536: 1530: 1444: 1427:Joseph Horowitz 1423:Philipp Jarnach 1343: 1278: 1205: 1184: 1182:Busoni and Bach 1165: 1148:Antony Beaumont 1142:violin concerto 1105: 1091:. For example, 1051: 1043: 1033: 990: 980: 975: 912: 904:Weimar Republic 879:reeds tuned in 828:Philipp Jarnach 820:Volkmar Andreae 793:American Indian 751: 714:Pierrot lunaire 694:Louis Gruenberg 654:Comedy Overture 648:; in 1905, his 555:Antony Beaumont 468: 423:himself at the 419:, initiated by 348:Armas Järnefelt 332:Martin Wegelius 320: 310: 291:Peter Cornelius 267:Johannes Brahms 247: 232:(Opp. 1 and 2; 196:Eduard Hanslick 141: 136: 35: 28: 23: 22: 18:Ferrucio Busoni 15: 12: 11: 5: 7752: 7750: 7742: 7741: 7736: 7731: 7726: 7721: 7716: 7711: 7706: 7701: 7696: 7691: 7686: 7681: 7676: 7671: 7666: 7661: 7656: 7651: 7646: 7641: 7636: 7634:Bach musicians 7631: 7626: 7621: 7616: 7611: 7606: 7601: 7596: 7591: 7586: 7581: 7576: 7571: 7566: 7556: 7555: 7549: 7548: 7528: 7520: 7519: 7518: 7515: 7514: 7512: 7511: 7504: 7503: 7502: 7497: 7487: 7482: 7477: 7472: 7467: 7462: 7457: 7452: 7447: 7442: 7437: 7432: 7427: 7421: 7419: 7418:Related topics 7415: 7414: 7412: 7411: 7406: 7401: 7396: 7391: 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6034: 6030: 6029: 6027: 6026: 6021: 6016: 6011: 6006: 6001: 5995: 5993: 5989: 5988: 5986: 5985: 5980: 5975: 5970: 5965: 5960: 5955: 5953:Castelo Branco 5949: 5947: 5943: 5942: 5940: 5939: 5934: 5929: 5924: 5919: 5914: 5909: 5904: 5899: 5893: 5891: 5885: 5884: 5882: 5881: 5876: 5871: 5866: 5861: 5856: 5851: 5846: 5841: 5836: 5831: 5826: 5821: 5816: 5811: 5806: 5801: 5796: 5791: 5786: 5781: 5776: 5771: 5765: 5763: 5755: 5754: 5752: 5751: 5746: 5741: 5736: 5731: 5726: 5721: 5716: 5711: 5706: 5701: 5696: 5691: 5686: 5681: 5679:Brothers Grimm 5676: 5671: 5666: 5661: 5656: 5651: 5646: 5640: 5638: 5634: 5633: 5631: 5630: 5625: 5620: 5615: 5610: 5605: 5600: 5595: 5590: 5585: 5580: 5575: 5570: 5564: 5562: 5556: 5555: 5553: 5552: 5547: 5542: 5537: 5532: 5527: 5522: 5517: 5512: 5507: 5502: 5497: 5492: 5487: 5481: 5479: 5472: 5466: 5465: 5463: 5462: 5457: 5450: 5445: 5440: 5435: 5430: 5425: 5420: 5415: 5410: 5403: 5398: 5397: 5396: 5391: 5381: 5379:Gothic fiction 5376: 5369: 5367:British Marine 5364: 5358: 5356: 5352: 5351: 5349: 5348: 5343: 5338: 5333: 5328: 5321: 5316: 5315: 5314: 5302: 5297: 5292: 5287: 5282: 5277: 5272: 5267: 5265:Gothic revival 5262: 5257: 5252: 5247: 5242: 5237: 5232: 5226: 5224: 5220: 5219: 5217: 5216: 5211: 5206: 5201: 5196: 5191: 5186: 5181: 5176: 5168: 5163: 5157: 5155: 5151: 5150: 5145: 5143: 5142: 5135: 5128: 5120: 5111: 5110: 5108: 5107: 5097: 5079: 5071: 5070: 5067: 5066: 5064: 5063: 5062: 5061: 5051: 5050: 5049: 5044: 5039: 5034: 5024: 5018: 5016: 5012: 5011: 5009: 5008: 5001: 4996: 4991: 4986: 4981: 4974: 4969: 4963: 4961: 4957: 4956: 4954: 4953: 4948: 4946:Symphonic poem 4943: 4941:Romantic opera 4938: 4933: 4928: 4923: 4918: 4913: 4908: 4903: 4897: 4895: 4891: 4890: 4888: 4887: 4882: 4876: 4874: 4870: 4869: 4867: 4866: 4861: 4856: 4851: 4846: 4841: 4836: 4831: 4826: 4821: 4816: 4811: 4806: 4801: 4796: 4791: 4786: 4781: 4776: 4771: 4766: 4761: 4756: 4751: 4746: 4741: 4736: 4731: 4726: 4721: 4716: 4711: 4706: 4701: 4696: 4691: 4686: 4681: 4676: 4671: 4666: 4661: 4656: 4651: 4646: 4641: 4636: 4631: 4626: 4621: 4616: 4611: 4606: 4601: 4596: 4591: 4586: 4581: 4576: 4571: 4566: 4561: 4556: 4551: 4546: 4541: 4536: 4531: 4526: 4521: 4516: 4511: 4506: 4501: 4496: 4491: 4486: 4481: 4476: 4471: 4466: 4461: 4456: 4451: 4446: 4441: 4436: 4431: 4426: 4421: 4416: 4411: 4406: 4401: 4396: 4391: 4386: 4381: 4376: 4371: 4366: 4361: 4356: 4351: 4346: 4341: 4336: 4331: 4326: 4321: 4319:Félicien David 4316: 4311: 4306: 4301: 4296: 4291: 4286: 4281: 4276: 4271: 4266: 4261: 4256: 4251: 4246: 4241: 4236: 4231: 4226: 4221: 4216: 4211: 4206: 4201: 4196: 4191: 4186: 4181: 4176: 4171: 4165: 4163: 4157: 4156: 4151: 4148: 4147: 4144:Romantic music 4142: 4140: 4139: 4132: 4125: 4117: 4108: 4107: 4097: 4094: 4093: 4091: 4090: 4085: 4079: 4077: 4073: 4072: 4070: 4069: 4064: 4059: 4054: 4052:Wladimir Vogel 4049: 4044: 4039: 4037:Natalie Curtis 4033: 4031: 4027: 4026: 4024: 4023: 4018: 4013: 4008: 4003: 3998: 3996:Percy Grainger 3993: 3988: 3986:Ignaz Friedman 3983: 3978: 3972: 3970: 3966: 3965: 3963: 3962: 3955: 3947: 3941: 3939: 3936:Piano editions 3933: 3932: 3930: 3929: 3922: 3914: 3906: 3897: 3895: 3891: 3890: 3888: 3887: 3879: 3875:Turandot Suite 3871: 3862: 3860: 3856: 3855: 3853: 3852: 3848:Indian Fantasy 3844: 3841:Piano Concerto 3838: 3831: 3829: 3825: 3824: 3817: 3815: 3813: 3812: 3804: 3796: 3788: 3779: 3777: 3773: 3772: 3758: 3755: 3754: 3749: 3747: 3746: 3739: 3732: 3724: 3718: 3717: 3711: 3695: 3694: 3681: 3672: 3661: 3660:External links 3658: 3657: 3656: 3650: 3636: 3615: 3612: 3610: 3609: 3594:10.2307/932592 3588:(2): 250–269. 3577: 3571: 3556: 3550: 3534: 3519:10.2307/832359 3513:(2): 167–173. 3497: 3480: 3474: 3457: 3435: 3394: 3380: 3363: 3343: 3328:10.2307/947129 3322:(2): 269–305. 3311: 3299: 3294:(extract from 3252: 3246: 3233: 3228:dissertation, 3216: 3195:(2): 224–264. 3182: 3168: 3139: 3133: 3120: 3114: 3090: 3069: 3063: 3050: 3041: 3029:Theodore Baker 3018: 3012: 2992: 2978: 2964: 2958: 2941: 2939: 2936: 2934: 2933: 2918: 2909: 2900: 2881: 2872: 2863: 2861:Summers (2004) 2854: 2829: 2820: 2811: 2802: 2793: 2784: 2782:Busoni (1925). 2775: 2766: 2757: 2748: 2739: 2730: 2721: 2712: 2683: 2664: 2655: 2646: 2637: 2628: 2619: 2610: 2601: 2592: 2583: 2574: 2565: 2556: 2547: 2538: 2529: 2520: 2511: 2502: 2493: 2484: 2475: 2466: 2457: 2448: 2439: 2430: 2421: 2412: 2403: 2394: 2385: 2376: 2367: 2358: 2349: 2340: 2331: 2322: 2313: 2304: 2295: 2286: 2277: 2268: 2259: 2250: 2241: 2232: 2223: 2214: 2205: 2196: 2187: 2178: 2169: 2160: 2151: 2142: 2133: 2124: 2115: 2106: 2097: 2088: 2079: 2070: 2061: 2052: 2043: 2034: 2025: 2016: 2007: 1998: 1989: 1980: 1971: 1962: 1953: 1944: 1935: 1926: 1917: 1908: 1899: 1890: 1881: 1872: 1863: 1854: 1845: 1836: 1827: 1818: 1805: 1796: 1782: 1773: 1764: 1755: 1746: 1736: 1729: 1728: 1711: 1702: 1668: 1642: 1635: 1632: 1613:Piano Concerto 1601: 1598: 1555: 1552: 1532:Main article: 1529: 1526: 1480:Franz Schubert 1443: 1440: 1399:Indian Fantasy 1342: 1339: 1277: 1274: 1196:, Book I, 1894 1183: 1180: 1176:Turandot Suite 1104: 1101: 1050: 1047: 1032: 1029: 1012:double octaves 1008:Sir Henry Wood 998:Alfred Brendel 979: 976: 974: 971: 957:, and others. 947:Wladimir Vogel 911: 908: 900:Leo Kestenberg 788:Indian Fantasy 779:Isadora Duncan 750: 747: 727:Artur Schnabel 686:Ignaz Friedman 666:Fifth Symphony 650:Turandot Suite 634:Vincent d'Indy 630:Claude Debussy 567:Turandot Suite 562:Piano Concerto 480:Giuseppe Verdi 467: 464: 456:Arthur Nikisch 344:Russian Empire 309: 306: 265:. He also met 147:Busoni in 1877 140: 137: 135: 132: 110:Piano Concerto 65:and then with 43:Busoni in 1913 26: 24: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 7751: 7740: 7737: 7735: 7732: 7730: 7727: 7725: 7722: 7720: 7717: 7715: 7712: 7710: 7707: 7705: 7702: 7700: 7697: 7695: 7692: 7690: 7687: 7685: 7682: 7680: 7677: 7675: 7672: 7670: 7667: 7665: 7662: 7660: 7657: 7655: 7652: 7650: 7647: 7645: 7642: 7640: 7637: 7635: 7632: 7630: 7627: 7625: 7622: 7620: 7617: 7615: 7612: 7610: 7607: 7605: 7602: 7600: 7597: 7595: 7592: 7590: 7587: 7585: 7582: 7580: 7577: 7575: 7572: 7570: 7567: 7565: 7562: 7561: 7559: 7545: 7544: 7533: 7532: 7526: 7525: 7516: 7510: 7509: 7505: 7501: 7498: 7496: 7493: 7492: 7491: 7488: 7486: 7483: 7481: 7478: 7476: 7473: 7471: 7468: 7466: 7463: 7461: 7458: 7456: 7453: 7451: 7448: 7446: 7443: 7441: 7438: 7436: 7433: 7431: 7428: 7426: 7423: 7422: 7420: 7416: 7410: 7407: 7405: 7402: 7400: 7397: 7395: 7392: 7390: 7387: 7385: 7382: 7380: 7377: 7375: 7372: 7370: 7367: 7365: 7362: 7360: 7357: 7355: 7352: 7350: 7347: 7345: 7342: 7340: 7337: 7335: 7332: 7330: 7327: 7325: 7322: 7320: 7317: 7316: 7314: 7312: 7308: 7302: 7299: 7297: 7294: 7292: 7289: 7287: 7284: 7282: 7279: 7277: 7274: 7272: 7269: 7267: 7264: 7262: 7259: 7257: 7254: 7252: 7249: 7247: 7244: 7242: 7239: 7237: 7234: 7232: 7229: 7227: 7224: 7222: 7219: 7217: 7214: 7212: 7209: 7207: 7204: 7202: 7199: 7197: 7194: 7192: 7189: 7187: 7184: 7182: 7179: 7177: 7174: 7172: 7169: 7167: 7164: 7162: 7159: 7157: 7154: 7152: 7149: 7147: 7144: 7142: 7139: 7137: 7134: 7132: 7129: 7127: 7124: 7122: 7119: 7117: 7114: 7112: 7109: 7107: 7104: 7102: 7099: 7097: 7094: 7092: 7089: 7087: 7084: 7082: 7079: 7077: 7074: 7072: 7069: 7067: 7064: 7063: 7061: 7059: 7055: 7049: 7046: 7044: 7041: 7039: 7036: 7034: 7031: 7029: 7026: 7024: 7021: 7019: 7016: 7014: 7011: 7009: 7006: 7004: 7001: 6999: 6996: 6994: 6991: 6989: 6986: 6984: 6981: 6979: 6976: 6974: 6971: 6969: 6966: 6964: 6961: 6959: 6956: 6954: 6951: 6949: 6946: 6944: 6941: 6939: 6936: 6934: 6931: 6929: 6926: 6924: 6921: 6919: 6916: 6914: 6911: 6909: 6906: 6904: 6901: 6899: 6896: 6894: 6891: 6889: 6886: 6885: 6883: 6881: 6877: 6867: 6864: 6862: 6859: 6857: 6854: 6852: 6849: 6847: 6844: 6842: 6839: 6837: 6834: 6832: 6829: 6828: 6826: 6822: 6816: 6813: 6811: 6808: 6806: 6803: 6801: 6798: 6797: 6795: 6791: 6785: 6782: 6780: 6777: 6775: 6772: 6770: 6767: 6765: 6762: 6760: 6757: 6755: 6752: 6750: 6747: 6745: 6742: 6740: 6737: 6735: 6732: 6730: 6727: 6725: 6722: 6721: 6719: 6715: 6709: 6706: 6704: 6701: 6699: 6696: 6694: 6691: 6689: 6686: 6684: 6681: 6679: 6676: 6674: 6671: 6670: 6668: 6664: 6658: 6655: 6653: 6650: 6648: 6645: 6643: 6640: 6638: 6635: 6633: 6630: 6628: 6625: 6623: 6620: 6619: 6617: 6613: 6607: 6604: 6602: 6599: 6597: 6594: 6592: 6589: 6587: 6584: 6582: 6579: 6578: 6576: 6572: 6566: 6563: 6561: 6558: 6556: 6553: 6551: 6548: 6546: 6543: 6541: 6538: 6536: 6533: 6531: 6528: 6526: 6523: 6521: 6518: 6516: 6513: 6511: 6508: 6506: 6503: 6501: 6498: 6496: 6493: 6491: 6488: 6487: 6485: 6481: 6475: 6472: 6470: 6467: 6465: 6462: 6460: 6457: 6455: 6452: 6450: 6447: 6445: 6442: 6440: 6437: 6435: 6432: 6431: 6429: 6425: 6419: 6416: 6414: 6411: 6409: 6406: 6404: 6401: 6399: 6396: 6395: 6393: 6389: 6383: 6380: 6378: 6375: 6373: 6370: 6368: 6365: 6363: 6360: 6358: 6355: 6353: 6350: 6349: 6347: 6343: 6340: 6338: 6334: 6324: 6321: 6319: 6316: 6314: 6311: 6309: 6306: 6304: 6301: 6299: 6296: 6294: 6291: 6289: 6286: 6284: 6281: 6279: 6276: 6274: 6271: 6269: 6266: 6264: 6261: 6259: 6256: 6254: 6251: 6249: 6246: 6244: 6241: 6239: 6238:Nikolai Gogol 6236: 6234: 6231: 6229: 6226: 6224: 6221: 6219: 6216: 6214: 6211: 6209: 6206: 6204: 6201: 6199: 6196: 6194: 6191: 6189: 6186: 6185: 6183: 6179: 6173: 6170: 6168: 6165: 6163: 6160: 6158: 6155: 6153: 6150: 6148: 6145: 6143: 6140: 6138: 6135: 6133: 6130: 6129: 6127: 6123: 6117: 6114: 6112: 6109: 6107: 6104: 6102: 6099: 6097: 6094: 6092: 6089: 6087: 6084: 6082: 6079: 6078: 6076: 6072: 6066: 6063: 6061: 6058: 6056: 6053: 6051: 6048: 6046: 6043: 6041: 6038: 6037: 6035: 6031: 6025: 6022: 6020: 6017: 6015: 6012: 6010: 6007: 6005: 6002: 6000: 5997: 5996: 5994: 5990: 5984: 5981: 5979: 5976: 5974: 5971: 5969: 5966: 5964: 5961: 5959: 5956: 5954: 5951: 5950: 5948: 5944: 5938: 5935: 5933: 5930: 5928: 5925: 5923: 5920: 5918: 5915: 5913: 5910: 5908: 5905: 5903: 5900: 5898: 5895: 5894: 5892: 5890: 5886: 5880: 5877: 5875: 5872: 5870: 5869:P. B. Shelley 5867: 5865: 5862: 5860: 5857: 5855: 5852: 5850: 5849:Mary Robinson 5847: 5845: 5842: 5840: 5837: 5835: 5832: 5830: 5827: 5825: 5822: 5820: 5817: 5815: 5812: 5810: 5807: 5805: 5802: 5800: 5797: 5795: 5792: 5790: 5787: 5785: 5782: 5780: 5777: 5775: 5772: 5770: 5767: 5766: 5764: 5762: 5756: 5750: 5747: 5745: 5742: 5740: 5737: 5735: 5732: 5730: 5727: 5725: 5722: 5720: 5717: 5715: 5712: 5710: 5707: 5705: 5702: 5700: 5697: 5695: 5692: 5690: 5687: 5685: 5682: 5680: 5677: 5675: 5672: 5670: 5667: 5665: 5662: 5660: 5657: 5655: 5652: 5650: 5647: 5645: 5642: 5641: 5639: 5635: 5629: 5626: 5624: 5621: 5619: 5616: 5614: 5611: 5609: 5606: 5604: 5601: 5599: 5596: 5594: 5591: 5589: 5586: 5584: 5581: 5579: 5578:Chateaubriand 5576: 5574: 5571: 5569: 5566: 5565: 5563: 5561: 5557: 5551: 5548: 5546: 5543: 5541: 5538: 5536: 5533: 5531: 5528: 5526: 5523: 5521: 5518: 5516: 5513: 5511: 5508: 5506: 5503: 5501: 5498: 5496: 5493: 5491: 5488: 5486: 5483: 5482: 5480: 5476: 5473: 5471: 5467: 5461: 5458: 5456: 5455: 5451: 5449: 5446: 5444: 5441: 5439: 5436: 5434: 5431: 5429: 5426: 5424: 5421: 5419: 5416: 5414: 5411: 5409: 5408: 5407:Mal du siècle 5404: 5402: 5399: 5395: 5392: 5390: 5387: 5386: 5385: 5382: 5380: 5377: 5375: 5374: 5370: 5368: 5365: 5363: 5360: 5359: 5357: 5353: 5347: 5344: 5342: 5339: 5337: 5334: 5332: 5329: 5327: 5326: 5322: 5320: 5317: 5313: 5312: 5308: 5307: 5306: 5303: 5301: 5298: 5296: 5293: 5291: 5288: 5286: 5283: 5281: 5278: 5276: 5273: 5271: 5268: 5266: 5263: 5261: 5258: 5256: 5253: 5251: 5248: 5246: 5243: 5241: 5238: 5236: 5233: 5231: 5228: 5227: 5225: 5221: 5215: 5212: 5210: 5207: 5205: 5202: 5200: 5197: 5195: 5192: 5190: 5187: 5185: 5182: 5180: 5177: 5175: 5172: 5169: 5167: 5164: 5162: 5159: 5158: 5156: 5152: 5148: 5141: 5136: 5134: 5129: 5127: 5122: 5121: 5118: 5106: 5102: 5098: 5096: 5088: 5087: 5084: 5083: 5077: 5076: 5068: 5060: 5057: 5056: 5055: 5052: 5048: 5045: 5043: 5040: 5038: 5035: 5033: 5030: 5029: 5028: 5025: 5023: 5020: 5019: 5017: 5013: 5006: 5002: 5000: 4997: 4995: 4992: 4990: 4987: 4985: 4982: 4980: 4979: 4975: 4973: 4970: 4968: 4965: 4964: 4962: 4958: 4952: 4949: 4947: 4944: 4942: 4939: 4937: 4934: 4932: 4929: 4927: 4924: 4922: 4919: 4917: 4914: 4912: 4909: 4907: 4904: 4902: 4899: 4898: 4896: 4892: 4886: 4883: 4881: 4878: 4877: 4875: 4871: 4865: 4862: 4860: 4857: 4855: 4852: 4850: 4847: 4845: 4842: 4840: 4837: 4835: 4832: 4830: 4827: 4825: 4822: 4820: 4817: 4815: 4812: 4810: 4807: 4805: 4802: 4800: 4797: 4795: 4792: 4790: 4789:J. Strauss II 4787: 4785: 4782: 4780: 4777: 4775: 4772: 4770: 4767: 4765: 4762: 4760: 4757: 4755: 4752: 4750: 4747: 4745: 4742: 4740: 4737: 4735: 4732: 4730: 4727: 4725: 4722: 4720: 4717: 4715: 4712: 4710: 4707: 4705: 4702: 4700: 4697: 4695: 4692: 4690: 4687: 4685: 4682: 4680: 4677: 4675: 4672: 4670: 4667: 4665: 4662: 4660: 4657: 4655: 4652: 4650: 4647: 4645: 4642: 4640: 4637: 4635: 4632: 4630: 4627: 4625: 4622: 4620: 4617: 4615: 4612: 4610: 4607: 4605: 4602: 4600: 4597: 4595: 4592: 4590: 4587: 4585: 4582: 4580: 4577: 4575: 4572: 4570: 4567: 4565: 4562: 4560: 4557: 4555: 4552: 4550: 4547: 4545: 4542: 4540: 4537: 4535: 4532: 4530: 4527: 4525: 4522: 4520: 4517: 4515: 4512: 4510: 4507: 4505: 4502: 4500: 4497: 4495: 4492: 4490: 4487: 4485: 4482: 4480: 4477: 4475: 4472: 4470: 4467: 4465: 4462: 4460: 4457: 4455: 4452: 4450: 4447: 4445: 4442: 4440: 4437: 4435: 4432: 4430: 4427: 4425: 4422: 4420: 4417: 4415: 4412: 4410: 4407: 4405: 4402: 4400: 4397: 4395: 4392: 4390: 4387: 4385: 4382: 4380: 4377: 4375: 4372: 4370: 4367: 4365: 4362: 4360: 4357: 4355: 4352: 4350: 4347: 4345: 4342: 4340: 4337: 4335: 4332: 4330: 4327: 4325: 4322: 4320: 4317: 4315: 4312: 4310: 4307: 4305: 4302: 4300: 4297: 4295: 4292: 4290: 4287: 4285: 4282: 4280: 4277: 4275: 4272: 4270: 4267: 4265: 4262: 4260: 4257: 4255: 4252: 4250: 4247: 4245: 4242: 4240: 4237: 4235: 4232: 4230: 4227: 4225: 4222: 4220: 4217: 4215: 4212: 4210: 4207: 4205: 4202: 4200: 4197: 4195: 4192: 4190: 4187: 4185: 4182: 4180: 4177: 4175: 4172: 4170: 4167: 4166: 4164: 4160:Composers and 4158: 4154: 4149: 4145: 4138: 4133: 4131: 4126: 4124: 4119: 4118: 4115: 4105: 4095: 4089: 4086: 4084: 4081: 4080: 4078: 4074: 4068: 4065: 4063: 4060: 4058: 4055: 4053: 4050: 4048: 4047:Edgard Varèse 4045: 4043: 4040: 4038: 4035: 4034: 4032: 4028: 4022: 4019: 4017: 4014: 4012: 4009: 4007: 4004: 4002: 3999: 3997: 3994: 3992: 3989: 3987: 3984: 3982: 3979: 3977: 3974: 3973: 3971: 3967: 3961: 3960: 3956: 3954: 3952: 3948: 3946: 3943: 3942: 3940: 3934: 3928: 3927: 3923: 3920: 3919: 3915: 3912: 3911: 3910:An die Jugend 3907: 3904: 3903: 3899: 3898: 3896: 3892: 3885: 3884: 3880: 3877: 3876: 3872: 3869: 3868: 3864: 3863: 3861: 3857: 3850: 3849: 3845: 3842: 3839: 3836: 3833: 3832: 3830: 3826: 3821: 3810: 3809: 3805: 3802: 3801: 3797: 3794: 3793: 3789: 3786: 3785: 3784:Die Brautwahl 3781: 3780: 3778: 3774: 3770: 3766: 3762: 3756: 3752: 3745: 3740: 3738: 3733: 3731: 3726: 3725: 3722: 3715: 3712: 3709: 3705: 3702: 3701: 3700: 3699: 3693: 3689: 3685: 3682: 3680: 3676: 3673: 3671: 3667: 3664: 3663: 3659: 3654: 3651: 3648: 3644: 3640: 3637: 3634: 3633: 3626: 3621: 3618: 3617: 3613: 3603: 3599: 3595: 3591: 3587: 3583: 3578: 3574: 3568: 3564: 3563: 3557: 3553: 3547: 3543: 3539: 3535: 3528: 3524: 3520: 3516: 3512: 3508: 3507: 3502: 3498: 3494: 3490: 3486: 3481: 3477: 3471: 3466: 3465: 3458: 3455: 3454:Naxos Records 3451: 3447: 3443: 3440: 3436: 3429: 3425: 3421: 3417: 3413: 3412: 3407: 3403: 3399: 3395: 3393: 3389: 3385: 3381: 3379: 3375: 3371: 3367: 3366:Sitsky, Larry 3364: 3360: 3356: 3352: 3348: 3344: 3337: 3333: 3329: 3325: 3321: 3317: 3312: 3308: 3304: 3300: 3297: 3291: 3287: 3283: 3279: 3275: 3271: 3267: 3266: 3261: 3257: 3253: 3249: 3243: 3239: 3234: 3231: 3227: 3223: 3222: 3217: 3210: 3206: 3202: 3198: 3194: 3190: 3189: 3183: 3181: 3177: 3173: 3169: 3158: 3157: 3152: 3150: 3144: 3140: 3136: 3130: 3126: 3121: 3117: 3111: 3107: 3102: 3101: 3095: 3091: 3089: 3085: 3081: 3077: 3073: 3070: 3066: 3060: 3056: 3051: 3048: 3047: 3042: 3038: 3034: 3030: 3026: 3025: 3019: 3015: 3009: 3004: 3003: 2997: 2993: 2986: 2985: 2979: 2977: 2973: 2969: 2965: 2961: 2955: 2951: 2947: 2943: 2942: 2937: 2930: 2927: 2922: 2919: 2916:Wirth (1980). 2913: 2910: 2904: 2901: 2896: 2892: 2885: 2882: 2876: 2873: 2867: 2864: 2858: 2855: 2843: 2839: 2833: 2830: 2824: 2821: 2815: 2812: 2806: 2803: 2797: 2794: 2788: 2785: 2779: 2776: 2770: 2767: 2761: 2758: 2752: 2749: 2743: 2740: 2734: 2731: 2725: 2722: 2716: 2713: 2709: 2705: 2701: 2697: 2693: 2687: 2684: 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Schumann 4724:Saint-Saëns 4619:Niedermeyer 4509:Leoncavallo 4479:Kalkbrenner 4254:Bortkiewicz 3991:Rudolf Ganz 3769:Discography 3765:Adaptations 3623: [ 3448:, notes to 2672:(in German) 1560:piano rolls 1554:Piano rolls 1548:Faust Waltz 1466:Le Prophète 1316:necessarily 1166: [ 1151:Brahms and 1085:arrangement 1081:Bearbeitung 892:James Joyce 881:third-tones 783:concertante 642:Béla Bartók 576:Carlo Gozzi 502:World War I 383:Edward Dent 321: 1900 248: 1886 200:Franz Liszt 87:World War I 7558:Categories 7091:Chassériau 7066:Aivazovsky 6774:Rubinstein 6759:Mussorgsky 6708:Wieniawski 6693:Paderewski 6535:Moszkowski 6318:Vörösmarty 6308:Shevchenko 6162:Longfellow 6086:Batyushkov 6081:Baratynsky 6050:Espronceda 5917:Mickiewicz 5912:Malczewski 5879:Wordsworth 5864:M. Shelley 5819:de Quincey 5684:Günderrode 5568:Baudelaire 5448:Wanderlust 5285:Lake Poets 5015:Background 4916:Intermezzo 4849:Wieniawski 4829:Vieuxtemps 4794:R. Strauss 4719:Rubinstein 4644:Paderewski 4614:Mussorgsky 4609:Moszkowski 4584:Mercadante 4057:Kurt Weill 4011:Leo Sirota 4006:Egon Petri 3981:Maud Allan 3859:Orchestral 3800:Arlecchino 3078:, London: 1733:References 1690:Kurt Weill 1604:See also: 1528:Recordings 1484:Niels Gade 1408:Arlecchino 1237:, and the 1035:See also: 951:Stravinsky 943:Kurt Weill 873:microtones 848:Arlecchino 775:Schöneberg 690:Leo Sirota 682:Maud Allan 404:Inventions 392:Kultaselle 379:Egon Petri 363:piano duet 352:Adolf Paul 299:for fifty 83:microtones 79:aesthetics 7531:Modernism 7191:Kiprensky 7151:Géricault 7136:Friedrich 7126:Delacroix 7101:Constable 7081:Bonington 7071:Bierstadt 7023:Senancour 6998:Schelling 6953:Lamennais 6948:Khomyakov 6913:Coleridge 6908:Chaadayev 6815:Stanković 6810:Mokranjac 6729:Balakirev 6688:Moniuszko 6637:Donizetti 6632:Cherubini 6530:Meyerbeer 6515:Marschner 6490:Beethoven 6403:Moscheles 6337:Musicians 6323:Wergeland 6288:Orbeliani 6243:Grundtvig 6147:Hawthorne 6116:Zhukovsky 6111:Vyazemsky 6096:Lermontov 6055:Gutiérrez 6014:Radičević 5978:Herculano 5902:Krasiński 5844:Radcliffe 5814:Coleridge 5789:E. Brontë 5784:C. Brontë 5714:Jean Paul 5709:Hölderlin 5598:Lamartine 5535:Magalhães 5525:Guimarães 5433:Pantheism 5423:Nostalgia 5275:Indianism 5223:Movements 5154:Countries 4629:Offenbach 4604:Moscheles 4599:Moniuszko 4594:Meyerbeer 4549:Marschner 4534:MacDowell 4349:Donizetti 4294:Cherubini 4284:Chaminade 4209:Beethoven 4194:Balakirev 4184:Atterberg 4162:musicians 3953:(JS Bach) 3828:Concertos 3493:906126003 3359:634410668 2708:592760169 1518:'s opera 1463:'s opera 1363:atonality 1320:semitones 1308:beginning 1107:In 1917, 877:harmonium 646:Karl Muck 606:sonatinas 537:chromatic 482:'s opera 433:Beethoven 386:sculptor 293:'s opera 229:Ave Maria 134:Biography 102:atonality 7543:Category 7359:Dahlhaus 7344:Blanning 7311:Scholars 7281:Tropinin 7276:Tidemand 7266:Stattler 7261:Scheffer 7161:Głowacki 7131:Edelfelt 7086:Bryullov 7028:Snellman 7003:Schiller 6993:Rousseau 6973:Michelet 6918:Constant 6888:Belinsky 6861:Sibelius 6805:Konjović 6779:Scriabin 6749:Lyapunov 6683:Lipiński 6652:Spontini 6642:Paganini 6586:Goldmark 6377:Thalberg 6372:Schubert 6352:Bruckner 6313:Topelius 6303:Runeberg 6293:Prešeren 6263:Leopardi 6228:Frashëri 6218:Eminescu 6198:Andersen 6106:Tyutchev 6091:Karamzin 6065:Zorrilla 6060:Saavedra 5958:Castilho 5946:Portugal 5937:Słowacki 5839:Polidori 5769:Barbauld 5704:Hoffmann 5659:Brentano 5573:Bertrand 5394:Romantic 5230:Ancients 5204:Scotland 5095:Category 5072: ← 4951:Symphony 4814:Thalberg 4779:Spontini 4754:Sibelius 4749:Scriabin 4734:Schubert 4729:Sarasate 4694:Respighi 4689:Reinecke 4649:Paganini 4559:Massenet 4554:Masarnau 4539:Madetoja 4484:Kreisler 4474:Kalivoda 4419:J. 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Phil. 3074:(1933). 3037:13835974 2998:(1976). 2948:(1985). 2897:: 46–47. 2847:3 August 1564:vinyl LP 1413:Turandot 1290:of Music 1288:Esthetic 1276:Writings 1124:Berceuse 1089:cadenzas 853:Turandot 737:artists 735:Futurist 516:virtuosi 495:Falstaff 485:Falstaff 440:Concerto 340:Helsinki 181:Clementi 177:Schumann 155:town of 94:romantic 75:Helsinki 52:composer 7384:Lovejoy 7319:Abraham 7241:Richard 7231:Préault 7156:Girodet 7038:Thoreau 6983:Novalis 6968:Mazzini 6963:Maistre 6938:Hazlitt 6923:Emerson 6903:Carlyle 6893:Berchet 6836:Berwald 6831:Bennett 6800:Hristić 6754:Medtner 6734:Borodin 6724:Arensky 6647:Rossini 6622:Bellini 6601:Joachim 6574:Hungary 6555:Strauss 6483:Germany 6449:Berlioz 6418:Voříšek 6413:Smetana 6391:Czechia 6345:Austria 6278:Maturin 6273:Manzoni 6248:Heliade 6223:Foscolo 6193:Alfieri 6188:Abovian 6142:Emerson 6101:Pushkin 6040:Bécquer 5973:Garrett 5927:Potocki 5874:Southey 5834:Maturin 5804:Carlyle 5761:Britain 5734:Novalis 5689:Gutzkow 5637:Germany 5603:Mérimée 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4334:Delius 4314:Czerny 4299:Chopin 4274:Busoni 4259:Brahms 4234:Bertin 4224:Bériot 3921:(1910) 3913:(1909) 3905:(1908) 3886:(1909) 3878:(1905) 3870:(1897) 3851:(1916) 3843:(1904) 3837:(1878) 3811:(1925) 3803:(1917) 3795:(1917) 3787:(1912) 3776:Operas 3602:932592 3600: 3569: 3548: 3527:832359 3525: 3491: 3472: 3428:945689 3426: 3390: 3376: 3357: 3336:947129 3334: 3290:738005 3288: 3244: 3207: 3178: 3162:29 May 3131: 3112: 3086: 3061: 3035: 3010: 2974: 2956: 2706: 2698: 1600:Legacy 1576:Chopin 1521:Carmen 1353:, 1910 1299:Sketch 1294:Sketch 1264:BV 253 1140:and a 1138:suites 1113:BV 244 1093:BV B 1 826:) and 725:, and 673:Weimar 610:BV 257 491:Wagner 413:BV 236 396:BV 237 283:Sigune 271:Études 263:Merlin 224:BV 119 169:Mozart 157:Empoli 153:Tuscan 7495:Bacon 7404:Rosen 7399:Ricks 7394:Nancy 7354:Blume 7349:Bloom 7271:Stroy 7256:Saleh 7251:Runge 7201:Lampi 7186:Jones 7176:Hayez 7111:Corot 7076:Blake 7043:Tieck 7033:Staël 6958:Larra 6943:Hegel 6898:Burke 6856:Grieg 6846:Field 6841:Elgar 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7171:Gude 7166:Goya 7116:Dahl 7106:Cole 6434:Adam 6382:Wolf 6125:U.S. 6024:Zmaj 5654:Beer 5593:Hugo 5540:Reis 5520:Dias 5384:Hero 5319:Post 5280:Jena 5250:Dark 4921:Lied 4859:Wolf 4709:Rode 4699:Ries 4679:Raff 4504:Lalo 4169:Adam 3645:and 3567:ISBN 3546:ISBN 3489:OCLC 3470:ISBN 3388:ISBN 3374:ISBN 3355:OCLC 3242:ISBN 3176:ISBN 3164:2016 3129:ISBN 3110:ISBN 3084:ISBN 3059:ISBN 3033:OCLC 3008:ISBN 2972:ISBN 2954:ISBN 2849:2024 2704:OCLC 2696:OCLC 1664:Dent 1658:and 1626:The 1566:and 1153:Wolf 1071:for 1039:and 741:and 640:and 574:for 367:Bach 208:Graz 179:and 163:. 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