26:
138:
311:. Iron is essential for most organisms, but its concentration must be carefully managed over a wide range of environmental conditions; high concentrations can be
358:
In addition to the ferric uptake regulator protein, members of the Fur family are also involved in maintaining homeostasis with respect to other ions:
347:
that prevents DNA binding and lifts the repression. In the case of the ferric uptake regulator protein itself, its immediate downstream target is a
776:"The Sinorhizobium meliloti fur gene regulates, with dependence on Mn(II), transcription of the sitABCD operon, encoding a metal-type transporter"
1168:
86:
1023:"Severe zinc depletion of Escherichia coli: roles for high affinity zinc binding by ZinT, zinc transport and zinc-independent proteins"
923:"Nur, a nickel-responsive regulator of the Fur family, regulates superoxide dismutases and nickel transport in Streptomyces coelicolor"
489:"Architecture of a protein central to iron homeostasis: crystal structure and spectroscopic analysis of the ferric uptake regulator"
825:"The mntH gene encodes the major Mn(2+) transporter in Bradyrhizobium japonicum and is regulated by manganese via the Fur protein"
158:
582:
Gilston BA, Wang S, Marcus MD, Canalizo-Hernández MA, Swindell EP, Xue Y, Mondragón A, O'Halloran TV (November 2014).
970:
Lee JW, Helmann JD (March 2006). "The PerR transcription factor senses H2O2 by metal-catalysed histidine oxidation".
633:
Waldron KJ, Robinson NJ (January 2009). "How do bacterial cells ensure that metalloproteins get the correct metal?".
1295:
362:
543:"Interplay between iron homeostasis and virulence: Fur and RyhB as major regulators of bacterial pathogenicity"
439:
146:
372:
187:
316:
392:
344:
719:"Fur is involved in manganese-dependent regulation of mntA (sitA) expression in Sinorhizobium meliloti"
142:
1116:
O'Brian MR (2015). "Perception and
Homeostatic Control of Iron in the Rhizobia and Related Bacteria".
678:"The Fur-like protein Mur of Rhizobium leguminosarum is a Mn(2+)-responsive transcriptional regulator"
979:
730:
328:
99:
462:, an observation with a particularly long history in the case of iron. In some cases, expression of
431:
1073:
1003:
952:
658:
518:
443:
1258:
1209:
1174:
1164:
1133:
1098:
1054:
995:
944:
903:
854:
805:
756:
699:
650:
615:
564:
510:
415:
262:
203:
133:
1248:
1240:
1201:
1156:
1125:
1088:
1044:
1034:
987:
934:
893:
885:
844:
836:
795:
787:
746:
738:
689:
642:
605:
595:
554:
500:
463:
1021:
Graham AI, Hunt S, Stokes SL, Bramall N, Bunch J, Cox AG, McLeod CW, Poole RK (July 2009).
125:
389:; PerR monomers contain two binding sites and occur in zinc/iron and zinc/manganese forms.
382:
340:
239:
874:"Mur regulates the gene encoding the manganese transporter MntH in Brucella abortus 2308"
1129:
983:
734:
487:
Pohl E, Haller JC, Mijovilovich A, Meyer-Klaucke W, Garman E, Vasil ML (February 2003).
1049:
1022:
898:
873:
849:
824:
610:
583:
426:
1253:
1228:
800:
775:
751:
718:
1289:
939:
922:
840:
791:
505:
488:
348:
300:
297:
91:
742:
584:"Structural and mechanistic basis of zinc regulation across the E. coli Zur regulon"
522:
54:
1205:
1007:
956:
662:
121:
343:
of the genes they regulate, but under low concentrations of metal, they undergo a
67:
1281:
1151:
Bullen JJ, Rogers HJ, Griffiths E (1978). "Role of Iron in
Bacterial Infection".
600:
559:
79:
1160:
676:
Díaz-Mireles E, Wexler M, Sawers G, Bellini D, Todd JD, Johnston AW (May 2004).
281:
249:
1155:. Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology. Vol. 80. pp. 1–35.
447:
215:
1039:
459:
420:
366:
332:
277:
1213:
1137:
1102:
1058:
999:
948:
907:
858:
809:
760:
703:
654:
619:
568:
514:
1262:
694:
677:
95:
25:
1277:
1178:
386:
308:
270:
220:
74:
1244:
991:
889:
646:
1192:
Ratledge C, Dover LG (2000). "Iron metabolism in pathogenic bacteria".
1093:
400:
273:
1074:"Advances in the molecular understanding of biological zinc transport"
208:
408:
376:
335:: when bound to their cognate metal ion, they are capable of binding
153:
542:
774:
Chao TC, Becker A, Buhrmester J, Pühler A, Weidner S (June 2004).
312:
921:
Ahn BE, Cha J, Lee EJ, Han AR, Thompson CJ, Roe JH (March 2006).
1273:
404:
396:
352:
304:
115:
61:
49:
872:
Menscher EA, Caswell CC, Anderson ES, Roop RM (February 2012).
336:
284:. The family is named for its founding member, known as the
418:. Has both activator and repressor function. Prevalent in
717:
Platero R, Peixoto L, O'Brian MR, Fabiano E (July 2004).
1272:
This article incorporates text from the public domain
466:
is under the regulatory control of the Fur protein.
296:). Fur proteins are responsible for controlling the
446:family of proteins involved in iron homeostasis in
245:
235:
230:
214:
202:
194:
182:
177:
172:
152:
132:
114:
109:
85:
73:
60:
48:
40:
35:
18:
327:Members of the ferric uptake regulator family are
331:that primarily exert their regulatory effects as
1229:"Role of iron in regulation of virulence genes"
458:Metal homeostasis can be a factor in bacterial
399:; Zur regulates uptake and transport through a
414:Irr, responsive to iron through the status of
8:
536:
534:
532:
227:
106:
24:
1252:
1092:
1048:
1038:
938:
897:
848:
799:
750:
693:
609:
599:
558:
504:
442:family is a functionally similar but non-
1227:Litwin CM, Calderwood SB (April 1993).
474:
723:Applied and Environmental Microbiology
541:Porcheron G, Dozois CM (August 2015).
482:
480:
478:
169:
15:
7:
1130:10.1146/annurev-micro-091014-104432
1027:The Journal of Biological Chemistry
823:Hohle TH, O'Brian MR (April 2009).
1153:Modern Aspects of Electrochemistry
14:
940:10.1111/j.1365-2958.2006.05065.x
841:10.1111/j.1365-2958.2009.06650.x
792:10.1128/JB.186.11.3609-3620.2004
506:10.1046/j.1365-2958.2003.03337.x
290:ferric uptake regulatory protein
173:Ferric uptake regulatory protein
743:10.1128/AEM.70.7.4349-4355.2004
1206:10.1146/annurev.micro.54.1.881
267:ferric uptake regulator family
1:
1233:Clinical Microbiology Reviews
1194:Annual Review of Microbiology
1118:Annual Review of Microbiology
110:Available protein structures:
635:Nature Reviews. Microbiology
601:10.1371/journal.pbio.1001987
560:10.1016/j.vetmic.2015.03.024
1161:10.1007/978-3-642-66956-9_1
1072:Blindauer CA (March 2015).
1312:
1271:
454:Relationship to virulence
226:
105:
23:
440:iron dependent repressor
315:due to the formation of
1081:Chemical Communications
1040:10.1074/jbc.M109.001503
878:Journal of Bacteriology
780:Journal of Bacteriology
547:Veterinary Microbiology
317:reactive oxygen species
286:ferric uptake regulator
276:involved in regulating
30:ferric uptake regulator
927:Molecular Microbiology
829:Molecular Microbiology
493:Molecular Microbiology
695:10.1099/mic.0.26961-0
345:conformational change
329:transcription factors
407:and the transporter
280:uptake and in metal
1245:10.1128/cmr.6.2.137
992:10.1038/nature04537
984:2006Natur.440..363L
890:10.1128/JB.05296-11
735:2004ApEnM..70.4349P
647:10.1038/nrmicro2057
432:alphaproteobacteria
1094:10.1039/c4cc10174j
1170:978-1-4612-9003-2
688:(Pt 5): 1447–56.
464:virulence factors
416:heme biosynthesis
263:molecular biology
259:
258:
255:
254:
168:
167:
164:
163:
159:structure summary
1303:
1296:Protein families
1267:
1266:
1256:
1224:
1218:
1217:
1189:
1183:
1182:
1148:
1142:
1141:
1113:
1107:
1106:
1096:
1078:
1069:
1063:
1062:
1052:
1042:
1033:(27): 18377–89.
1018:
1012:
1011:
967:
961:
960:
942:
918:
912:
911:
901:
869:
863:
862:
852:
820:
814:
813:
803:
771:
765:
764:
754:
714:
708:
707:
697:
673:
667:
666:
630:
624:
623:
613:
603:
594:(11): e1001987.
579:
573:
572:
562:
538:
527:
526:
508:
484:
395:, responsive to
385:, responsive to
375:, responsive to
365:, responsive to
228:
190:
188:Escherichia coli
170:
107:
28:
16:
1311:
1310:
1306:
1305:
1304:
1302:
1301:
1300:
1286:
1285:
1284:
1270:
1226:
1225:
1221:
1191:
1190:
1186:
1171:
1150:
1149:
1145:
1115:
1114:
1110:
1087:(22): 4544–63.
1076:
1071:
1070:
1066:
1020:
1019:
1015:
978:(7082): 363–7.
969:
968:
964:
920:
919:
915:
871:
870:
866:
822:
821:
817:
786:(11): 3609–20.
773:
772:
768:
716:
715:
711:
675:
674:
670:
632:
631:
627:
581:
580:
576:
540:
539:
530:
486:
485:
476:
472:
456:
430:and many other
339:and preventing
325:
269:is a family of
186:
31:
12:
11:
5:
1309:
1307:
1299:
1298:
1288:
1287:
1269:
1268:
1219:
1184:
1169:
1143:
1108:
1064:
1013:
962:
933:(6): 1848–58.
913:
864:
835:(2): 399–409.
815:
766:
729:(7): 4349–55.
709:
668:
625:
574:
528:
473:
471:
468:
455:
452:
436:
435:
427:Bradyrhizobium
412:
390:
380:
370:
324:
321:
257:
256:
253:
252:
247:
243:
242:
237:
233:
232:
224:
223:
218:
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206:
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184:
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161:
156:
150:
149:
136:
130:
129:
119:
112:
111:
103:
102:
89:
83:
82:
77:
71:
70:
65:
58:
57:
52:
46:
45:
42:
38:
37:
33:
32:
29:
21:
20:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1308:
1297:
1294:
1293:
1291:
1283:
1279:
1275:
1264:
1260:
1255:
1250:
1246:
1242:
1239:(2): 137–49.
1238:
1234:
1230:
1223:
1220:
1215:
1211:
1207:
1203:
1199:
1195:
1188:
1185:
1180:
1176:
1172:
1166:
1162:
1158:
1154:
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1144:
1139:
1135:
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1123:
1119:
1112:
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1086:
1082:
1075:
1068:
1065:
1060:
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1046:
1041:
1036:
1032:
1028:
1024:
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1014:
1009:
1005:
1001:
997:
993:
989:
985:
981:
977:
973:
966:
963:
958:
954:
950:
946:
941:
936:
932:
928:
924:
917:
914:
909:
905:
900:
895:
891:
887:
883:
879:
875:
868:
865:
860:
856:
851:
846:
842:
838:
834:
830:
826:
819:
816:
811:
807:
802:
797:
793:
789:
785:
781:
777:
770:
767:
762:
758:
753:
748:
744:
740:
736:
732:
728:
724:
720:
713:
710:
705:
701:
696:
691:
687:
683:
679:
672:
669:
664:
660:
656:
652:
648:
644:
640:
636:
629:
626:
621:
617:
612:
607:
602:
597:
593:
589:
585:
578:
575:
570:
566:
561:
556:
553:(1–2): 2–14.
552:
548:
544:
537:
535:
533:
529:
524:
520:
516:
512:
507:
502:
499:(4): 903–15.
498:
494:
490:
483:
481:
479:
475:
469:
467:
465:
461:
453:
451:
449:
445:
441:
433:
429:
428:
423:
422:
417:
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406:
402:
398:
394:
391:
388:
384:
381:
378:
374:
371:
368:
364:
361:
360:
359:
356:
354:
350:
349:noncoding RNA
346:
342:
338:
334:
330:
322:
320:
318:
314:
310:
306:
302:
301:concentration
299:
298:intracellular
295:
291:
287:
283:
279:
275:
272:
268:
264:
251:
248:
244:
241:
238:
234:
229:
225:
222:
219:
217:
213:
210:
207:
205:
201:
197:
193:
189:
185:
181:
176:
171:
160:
157:
155:
151:
148:
144:
140:
137:
135:
131:
127:
123:
120:
117:
113:
108:
104:
101:
97:
93:
90:
88:
84:
81:
78:
76:
72:
69:
66:
63:
59:
56:
53:
51:
47:
43:
39:
34:
27:
22:
17:
1236:
1232:
1222:
1197:
1193:
1187:
1152:
1146:
1121:
1117:
1111:
1084:
1080:
1067:
1030:
1026:
1016:
975:
971:
965:
930:
926:
916:
884:(3): 561–6.
881:
877:
867:
832:
828:
818:
783:
779:
769:
726:
722:
712:
685:
682:Microbiology
681:
671:
641:(1): 25–35.
638:
634:
628:
591:
588:PLOS Biology
587:
577:
550:
546:
496:
492:
457:
437:
425:
419:
357:
326:
293:
289:
285:
266:
260:
1200:: 881–941.
448:prokaryotes
282:homeostasis
240:Swiss-model
178:Identifiers
36:Identifiers
1124:: 229–45.
470:References
444:homologous
403:involving
341:expression
333:repressors
236:Structures
231:Search for
122:structures
1282:IPR002481
460:virulence
421:Rhizobium
367:manganese
278:metal ion
271:bacterial
80:IPR002481
1290:Category
1278:InterPro
1214:11018148
1138:26195304
1103:25627157
1059:19377097
1000:16541078
949:16553888
908:22101848
859:19298371
810:15150249
761:15240318
704:15133106
655:19079350
620:25369000
569:25888312
523:38938808
515:12581348
387:peroxide
323:Function
309:bacteria
307:in many
274:proteins
250:InterPro
183:Organism
139:RCSB PDB
75:InterPro
1263:8472246
1050:2709383
1008:4390980
980:Bibcode
957:2728024
899:3264066
850:2675660
731:Bibcode
663:7253420
611:4219657
401:regulon
351:called
246:Domains
216:UniProt
55:PF01475
1261:
1254:358274
1251:
1212:
1179:352628
1177:
1167:
1136:
1101:
1057:
1047:
1006:
998:
972:Nature
955:
947:
906:
896:
857:
847:
808:
801:415740
798:
759:
752:444773
749:
702:
661:
653:
618:
608:
567:
521:
513:
409:ZnuABC
377:nickel
265:, the
221:P0A9A9
195:Symbol
154:PDBsum
128:
118:
100:SUPFAM
68:CL0123
41:Symbol
1077:(PDF)
1004:S2CID
953:S2CID
659:S2CID
519:S2CID
313:toxic
96:SCOPe
87:SCOP2
1276:and
1274:Pfam
1259:PMID
1210:PMID
1175:PMID
1165:ISBN
1134:PMID
1099:PMID
1055:PMID
996:PMID
945:PMID
904:PMID
855:PMID
806:PMID
757:PMID
700:PMID
651:PMID
616:PMID
565:PMID
511:PMID
438:The
405:ZinT
397:zinc
383:PerR
353:RyhB
305:iron
209:2FU4
147:PDBj
143:PDBe
126:ECOD
116:Pfam
92:1mzb
64:clan
62:Pfam
50:Pfam
1249:PMC
1241:doi
1202:doi
1157:doi
1126:doi
1089:doi
1045:PMC
1035:doi
1031:284
988:doi
976:440
935:doi
894:PMC
886:doi
882:194
845:PMC
837:doi
796:PMC
788:doi
784:186
747:PMC
739:doi
690:doi
686:150
643:doi
606:PMC
596:doi
555:doi
551:179
501:doi
393:Zur
373:Nur
363:Mur
337:DNA
303:of
294:Fur
288:or
261:In
204:PDB
198:Fur
134:PDB
44:FUR
19:FUR
1292::
1280::
1257:.
1247:.
1235:.
1231:.
1208:.
1198:54
1196:.
1173:.
1163:.
1132:.
1122:69
1120:.
1097:.
1085:51
1083:.
1079:.
1053:.
1043:.
1029:.
1025:.
1002:.
994:.
986:.
974:.
951:.
943:.
931:59
929:.
925:.
902:.
892:.
880:.
876:.
853:.
843:.
833:72
831:.
827:.
804:.
794:.
782:.
778:.
755:.
745:.
737:.
727:70
725:.
721:.
698:.
684:.
680:.
657:.
649:.
637:.
614:.
604:.
592:12
590:.
586:.
563:.
549:.
545:.
531:^
517:.
509:.
497:47
495:.
491:.
477:^
450:.
424:,
355:.
319:.
145:;
141:;
124:/
98:/
94:/
1265:.
1243::
1237:6
1216:.
1204::
1181:.
1159::
1140:.
1128::
1105:.
1091::
1061:.
1037::
1010:.
990::
982::
959:.
937::
910:.
888::
861:.
839::
812:.
790::
763:.
741::
733::
706:.
692::
665:.
645::
639:7
622:.
598::
571:.
557::
525:.
503::
434:.
411:.
379:.
369:.
292:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
