45:
20:
contributor for the economy of Nepal and fertilisers play a vital role. The annual average fertiliser requirement in Nepal to replenish the soil nutrition is 310 kg per hectare but only 29 kg of fertiliser is added to the soil. Fifty per cent of nutrient loss from the soil occurs during the
155:
In 1997, the government started deregulating the subsidy on fertilisers. By 1999, the subsidy was completely removed from all kinds of fertilisers. This removed the monopoly of AIC and the private sector started to compete in the fertiliser market. To institutionalize the deregulation policy, and
183:
As of 2020, chemical fertilisers are not produced in Nepal. They are imported mostly from or through India. In the 1980s, there were plans to build the plant and feasibility study were carried out, but the plans have not been implemented. The import of chemical fertilisers (in MT) is shown in the
151:
In 1974, the government subsidized the fertiliser to some selected high hills and mid-hills districts due to price rise in the international market. However, the local price was still set 15-20% higher than the neighbouring country (India) to discourage outflow of fertilisers from Nepal. Germany,
64:
provides a subsidy to the farmers purchasing the organic fertilisers at a rate of NPR 10 per kg or 50% of the sales price whichever is low. Similarly, the organic fertilisers production plant is also subsidised by providing 50% of the cost.
68:
There are 25 centres that produce organic fertilisers with the total annual capacity of 100,600 MT (2015 AD). Some of the major ones are listed in the table. Besides, some portion of inorganic fertilizer is imported from abroad.
152:
Canada, Japan and
Finland in the late 60s started providing chemical fertiliser to Nepal in the form of aid. However, this did not continue long. By the 1990s only a few countries were providing the fertilizer aid.
267:
The fertiliser supplied by informal and illegal sources (mainly from India) is considered to have poor quality. Some private traders were found to repack the low-quality imported fertilisers into popular brands.
140:
The use of chemical fertiliser is relatively new in Nepal. In the 50s, a small quantity of ammonium sulphate used to be imported from India. It was followed by importing from Russia by the
61:
28:
The use of fertiliser is relatively new to Nepal. Up to the 1950s, chemical fertilisers were not used in Nepal and all fertilizers were organic, produced locally. Currently, both
494:
393:
701:
60:
are the traditional source of fertiliser. Government supports the use of organic fertiliser. It has adopted a policy to promote organic fertilisers. The
175:
In
November 2008 the government again started to subsidise fertilisers (both organic and chemical) and it was endorsed on 25 March 2009.
417:
Sherchan, DP; Gurung, GB (1996). "Production and management techniques of compost to sustain the hill agricultural production system".
491:
727:
389:
165:
172:(NSCL). The fertiliser policy was considered to focus on supplying high-quality and affordable fertiliser to farmers.
145:
344:"Improving plant nutrient management for better farmer livelihoods, food security and environmental sustainability"
169:
252:
697:
161:
347:
141:
157:
259:. The use of chemical fertilisers has an increaseing trend. Among them, Urea and DAP is the most used ones.
52:
Organic fertilisers are produced locally by recycling agricultural waste and animal waste. In hilly farms,
449:"Government intervention on organic fertiliser promotion: a key to enhancing soil health and environment"
44:
144:(a government agency) up to the mid-sixties To facilitate the import and distribution of fertilisers,
732:
277:
240:
29:
679:
596:
546:
470:
422:
322:
244:
669:
586:
536:
460:
312:
236:
57:
498:
490:
International organic fertiliser in Nepali market. (2015, August 8). The
Himalayan Times.
492:
https://thehimalayantimes.com/business/international-organic-fertiliser-in-nepali-market/
248:
721:
617:
656:
Diwakar, Jasmine; Prasai, Tista; Pant, Shankar Raj; Jayana, Bina Laxmi (2008).
447:
Amgai, Sujan; Paudel, Santosh Raj; Bista, Diwas Raj; Poudel, Salik Ram (2018).
619:
Feasibility study on establishment of fertiliser plant in the kingdom of Nepal
591:
574:
33:
683:
600:
550:
474:
426:
326:
465:
448:
541:
524:
317:
300:
674:
657:
53:
22:
156:
to regulate the business under the policy, the government promulgated
343:
373:
Four
Decades of Development the History of U.S. Assistance to Nepal
228:
164:
was formulated and AIC was divided into two new organization viz.
43:
148:(AIC) was established under the Ministry of Agriculture in 1966.
232:
256:
17:
579:
Journal of the
Institute of Agriculture and Animal Science
575:"Supply Chain of Subsidized Chemical fertilisers in Nepal"
126:
Nepal
Integrated Model Agro Firm Pvt. Ltd, Kavrepalanchowk
658:"Study on major pesticides and fertilisers used in Nepal"
227:
Mainly seven types of chemical fertilisers are used in
642:. Ministry of Agriculture and Livestocks, Nepal. 2020.
48:
Cow manure used as organic fertiliser in hilly region
371:Skerry, Christa A.; Moran, Kerry; M. Calavan, Kay.
168:(AICL) responsible for fertiliser business and 2)
118:Annapurna Agriculture fertiliser Industry, Morang
640:Statistical information of Nepalese agriculture
301:"Environmental concern in Nepalese agriculture"
390:"10k tonnes of organic fertiliser unutilised"
8:
73:Major Organic fertiliser Producers of Nepal
102:Buddha Organic fertiliser Industry, Dhanusa
71:
673:
634:
632:
612:
610:
590:
540:
464:
442:
440:
438:
436:
316:
94:Unique Bio Tech Organic Pvt. Ltd, Chitwan
568:
566:
564:
562:
560:
525:"fertiliser policy development in Nepal"
518:
516:
514:
512:
510:
508:
506:
486:
484:
412:
410:
366:
364:
338:
336:
288:
110:Janakpur fertilisers Industries, Morang
529:Journal of Agriculture and Environment
453:Journal of Agriculture and Environment
384:
382:
305:Journal of Agriculture and Environment
294:
292:
651:
649:
86:Manakamana Agritech Pvt. Ltd, Chitwan
7:
698:"Farmers hit by fertiliser shortage"
419:PAC Technical Paper (Nepal). No. 171
166:Agriculture Inputs Company Limited
14:
704:from the original on 2020-09-27
396:from the original on 2021-04-02
350:from the original on 2020-07-26
523:Shrestha, Ram Krishna (2010).
146:Agriculture Inputs Corporation
1:
223:Types of chemical fertilisers
170:National Seed Company Limited
299:Ghimire, Shree Ram (2008).
253:Ammonium Phosphate Sulphate
749:
162:National Fertiliser Policy
592:10.3126/jiaas.v35i1.22509
158:Fertiliser Control Order
142:National Trading Limited
16:Agriculture is the main
466:10.3126/aej.v18i0.19898
62:Ministry of Agriculture
542:10.3126/aej.v11i0.3660
249:Single Super Phosphate
49:
318:10.3126/aej.v9i0.2115
179:Production and import
47:
728:Agriculture in Nepal
675:10.3126/sw.v6i6.2638
278:Agriculture in Nepal
237:Diammonium Phosphate
160:in 1999. In 2002, a
136:Chemical fertilisers
34:chemical fertilisers
81:Capacity (MT/year)
74:
40:Organic fertilisers
573:Panta, HK (2018).
497:2016-06-05 at the
72:
50:
245:Ammonium Sulphate
133:
132:
740:
713:
712:
710:
709:
694:
688:
687:
677:
662:Scientific World
653:
644:
643:
636:
627:
626:
624:
614:
605:
604:
594:
570:
555:
554:
544:
520:
501:
488:
479:
478:
468:
444:
431:
430:
414:
405:
404:
402:
401:
386:
377:
376:
368:
359:
358:
356:
355:
340:
331:
330:
320:
296:
241:Murate of Potash
75:
58:farm yard manure
748:
747:
743:
742:
741:
739:
738:
737:
718:
717:
716:
707:
705:
696:
695:
691:
655:
654:
647:
638:
637:
630:
622:
616:
615:
608:
572:
571:
558:
522:
521:
504:
499:Wayback Machine
489:
482:
446:
445:
434:
416:
415:
408:
399:
397:
388:
387:
380:
370:
369:
362:
353:
351:
342:
341:
334:
298:
297:
290:
286:
274:
265:
225:
220:
219:
218:
217:
214:
211:
208:
205:
201:
200:
197:
194:
191:
181:
138:
42:
12:
11:
5:
746:
744:
736:
735:
730:
720:
719:
715:
714:
689:
645:
628:
606:
556:
502:
480:
432:
406:
378:
360:
332:
287:
285:
282:
281:
280:
273:
270:
264:
261:
224:
221:
215:
212:
209:
206:
203:
202:
198:
195:
192:
189:
188:
187:
186:
180:
177:
137:
134:
131:
130:
127:
123:
122:
119:
115:
114:
111:
107:
106:
103:
99:
98:
95:
91:
90:
87:
83:
82:
79:
41:
38:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
745:
734:
731:
729:
726:
725:
723:
703:
699:
693:
690:
685:
681:
676:
671:
667:
663:
659:
652:
650:
646:
641:
635:
633:
629:
625:. JICA. 1984.
621:
620:
613:
611:
607:
602:
598:
593:
588:
584:
580:
576:
569:
567:
565:
563:
561:
557:
552:
548:
543:
538:
534:
530:
526:
519:
517:
515:
513:
511:
509:
507:
503:
500:
496:
493:
487:
485:
481:
476:
472:
467:
462:
458:
454:
450:
443:
441:
439:
437:
433:
428:
424:
420:
413:
411:
407:
395:
391:
385:
383:
379:
374:
367:
365:
361:
349:
345:
339:
337:
333:
328:
324:
319:
314:
310:
306:
302:
295:
293:
289:
283:
279:
276:
275:
271:
269:
262:
260:
258:
254:
250:
246:
242:
238:
234:
230:
222:
185:
178:
176:
173:
171:
167:
163:
159:
153:
149:
147:
143:
135:
128:
125:
124:
120:
117:
116:
112:
109:
108:
104:
101:
100:
96:
93:
92:
88:
85:
84:
80:
77:
76:
70:
66:
63:
59:
55:
46:
39:
37:
35:
31:
26:
24:
19:
706:. Retrieved
692:
668:(6): 76–80.
665:
661:
639:
618:
582:
578:
532:
528:
456:
452:
418:
398:. Retrieved
372:
352:. Retrieved
308:
304:
266:
231:. These are
226:
184:bar-chart.
182:
174:
154:
150:
139:
67:
51:
27:
15:
733:Fertilizers
585:(1): 9–20.
535:: 126–137.
459:: 131–139.
722:Categories
708:2020-09-10
400:2020-09-10
354:2020-09-10
284:References
255:(APS) and
36:are used.
684:1996-8949
601:2091-0134
551:2091-1009
475:2091-1009
427:1021-5026
327:2091-1009
311:: 41–45.
702:Archived
495:Archived
394:Archived
375:. USAID.
348:Archived
272:See also
263:Quality
251:(SSP),
243:(MOP),
239:(DAP),
199:400,000
196:300,000
193:200,000
190:100,000
121:10,000
113:10,000
105:10,000
97:20,000
89:30,000
54:compost
30:organic
23:monsoon
682:
599:
549:
473:
425:
325:
247:(AS),
129:5,000
21:early
623:(PDF)
229:Nepal
78:Name
680:ISSN
597:ISSN
547:ISSN
471:ISSN
423:ISSN
323:ISSN
233:Urea
216:2019
213:2015
210:2010
207:2005
204:2000
56:and
32:and
670:doi
587:doi
537:doi
461:doi
313:doi
257:NPK
18:GDP
724::
700:.
678:.
664:.
660:.
648:^
631:^
609:^
595:.
583:35
581:.
577:.
559:^
545:.
533:11
531:.
527:.
505:^
483:^
469:.
457:18
455:.
451:.
435:^
421:.
409:^
392:.
381:^
363:^
346:.
335:^
321:.
307:.
303:.
291:^
235:,
25:.
711:.
686:.
672::
666:6
603:.
589::
553:.
539::
477:.
463::
429:.
403:.
357:.
329:.
315::
309:9
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
