40:
179:
fibular hemimelia is the most common manifestation in which only the postaxial portion of the limb is affected. It is commonly seen as a complete terminal deficiency, where the lateral rays of the foot are also affected. Hemimelia can also be intercalary in which case the foot remains unaffected. Although the missing bone is easily identified, this condition is not simply a missing bone. Males are affected twice as often as females in most series.
126:
187:
The cause of fibular hemimelia is unclear. Purportedly, there have been some incidents of genetic distribution in a family; however, this does not account for all cases. Maternal viral infections, embryonic trauma, teratogenic environmental exposures or vascular dysgenesis (failure of the embryo to
178:
Partial or total absence of fibula is among the most frequent limb anomalies. It is the most common long bone deficiency and is the most common skeletal deformity in the leg. It most often is unilateral (present only on one side). It may also present as bilateral (affecting both legs). Paraxial
723:
716:
612:
597:
88:
at birth, or the complete lack thereof. Fibular hemimelia often causes severe knee instability due to deficiencies of the ligaments. Severe forms of fibula hemimelia can result in a malformed ankle with limited motion and stability.
709:
1417:
1872:
573:
109:. The amputation usually takes place at six months with removal of portions of the legs to prepare them for prosthetic use. The other treatments, which include repeated corrective
275:
1410:
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1706:
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Possible absence of part of the foot requiring surgical intervention to bring the foot into normal function, or amputation.
1882:
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627:
39:
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and it is the most common congenital absence of long bone of the extremities." It is the shortening of the
1426:
689:
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483:
188:
form a satisfactory blood supply) between four and seven weeks gestation are considered possible causes.
1835:
1823:
1807:
1779:
1503:
1443:
1083:
748:
280:
161:
joint (due to absence of the distal end of the fibula), and what is left is unstable; the foot has an
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57:
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1111:
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860:
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or absence of two or more toes are also common. In humans, the disorder can be noted by
1849:
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1448:
1239:
1170:
1134:
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1028:
932:
806:
391:
366:
522:
505:
300:
Eze KC, Akhigbe AO, Awosanya GO (September 2007). "Fibular hemimelia: a case report".
1866:
1515:
1249:
1193:
1160:
1043:
864:
678:
427:
414:
Stanitski DF, Stanitski CL (2003). "Fibular hemimelia: a new classification system".
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77:
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1012:
897:
829:
673:
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61:
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1016:
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98:
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973:
966:
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879:
843:
110:
531:
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400:
330:
Achterman C, Kalamchi A (May 1979). "Congenital deficiency of the fibula".
313:
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1488:
778:
774:
756:
684:
351:
589:
133:
1346:
1004:
106:
616:
601:
149:
85:
81:
562:
North
American Reporting Center for Amphibian Malformations (NARCAM)
158:
132:
124:
889:
662:
102:
1399:
705:
1322:
852:
765:
191:
In an experimental mouse model, change in the expression of a
231:– American Paralympic athlete, actress, and fashion model
225:– Northern Irish Paralympic and Commonwealth Games swimmer
574:
Studies offer new insights into causes of deformed frogs
504:
Papenbrock T, Visconti RP, Awgulewitsch A (April 2000).
140:
of fibular hemimelia type II (fibula completely absent)
459:"Fibular Hemimelia: (longitudinal fibular deficiency)"
117:), are costly and associated with residual deformity.
332:
The
Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery. British Volume
237:– Former South African athlete and convicted murderer
579:
1741:
1720:
1657:
1587:
1514:
1434:
1369:
1345:
1321:
1312:
1267:
1217:
1179:
1151:
1142:
1133:
1099:
1059:
1003:
996:
931:
888:
851:
842:
805:
773:
764:
747:
653:
583:
557:
Journal of Joint Bone
Surgery 1997 Jan;79(1):58–65.
51:
29:
24:
276:List of ICD-9 codes 740-759: Congenital anomalies
195:led to similar, but bilateral, fibular defects.
47:Fibula hemimelia in patient affecting right side
367:"Surgical reconstruction for fibular hemimelia"
171:Possible absence of one or two toes on the foot
1873:Congenital disorders of musculoskeletal system
506:"Loss of fibula in mice overexpressing Hoxc11"
1411:
717:
249:– American actor, writer, director, producer
8:
325:
323:
1418:
1404:
1396:
1318:
1148:
1139:
1000:
848:
770:
761:
724:
710:
702:
580:
38:
21:
521:
390:
292:
243:– American former pornographic actress
174:Possible conjoined toes or metatarsals
302:Nigerian Journal of Clinical Practice
7:
1245:Greig cephalopolysyndactyly syndrome
157:Absence of the lateral part of the
735:malformations and deformations of
463:Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics
371:Journal of Children's Orthopaedics
14:
1667:Bannayan–Riley–Ruvalcaba syndrome
219:– New Zealand Paralympic athlete
428:10.1097/01241398-200301000-00006
416:Journal of Pediatric Orthopedics
16:Congenital absence of the fibula
918:Congenital patellar dislocation
797:Wallis–Zieff–Goldblatt syndrome
74:longitudinal fibular deficiency
33:Longitudinal fibular deficiency
1888:Genetic disorders with no OMIM
1474:Bonnet–Dechaume–Blanc syndrome
148:A fibrous band instead of the
129:Bones of human lower extremity
1:
1469:Sakati–Nyhan–Tisdale syndrome
523:10.1016/S0925-4773(99)00344-5
344:10.1302/0301-620X.61B2.438260
255:– American Paralympic runner
213:– American Paralympic swimmer
113:and leg-lengthening surgery (
1707:Tatton-Brown–Rahman syndrome
1677:Benign symmetric lipomatosis
271:List of congenital disorders
1797:Branchio-oto-renal syndrome
1672:Beckwith–Wiedemann syndrome
1204:Oto-palato-digital syndrome
1199:Hallermann–Streiff syndrome
923:Congenital knee dislocation
741:musculoskeletal abnormality
568:Minnesota's Malformed Frogs
1904:
1769:Zimmermann–Laband syndrome
1721:Laurence–Moon–Bardet–Biedl
1682:Klippel–Trénaunay syndrome
1632:Caudal regression syndrome
1607:Klippel–Trénaunay syndrome
1569:Smith–Lemli–Opitz syndrome
1539:Cornelia de Lange syndrome
1235:Craniodiaphyseal dysplasia
457:Wheeless CR (2011-03-30).
207:– Welsh Paralympic athlete
1617:Rubinstein–Taybi syndrome
1209:Treacher Collins syndrome
1060:reduction deficits / limb
510:Mechanisms of Development
383:10.1007/s11832-016-0790-0
365:Paley D (December 2016).
46:
37:
1687:Neurofibromatosis type I
1574:Snyder–Robinson syndrome
1524:1q21.1 deletion syndrome
1464:Saethre–Chotzen syndrome
1034:Cenani–Lenz syndactylism
787:Cleidocranial dysostosis
97:in utero to prepare for
1597:Adducted thumb syndrome
1559:Silver–Russell syndrome
1181:Craniofacial dysostosis
101:after birth or complex
1878:Congenital amputations
1733:Laurence–Moon syndrome
1529:Aarskog–Scott syndrome
1484:Baller–Gerold syndrome
1427:Congenital abnormality
737:musculoskeletal system
266:Congenital abnormality
141:
130:
1728:Bardet–Biedl syndrome
1612:Nail–patella syndrome
1504:Pierre Robin sequence
1444:Acrocephalosyndactyly
1289:Klippel–Feil syndrome
281:Mitochondrial disease
144:Characteristics are:
136:
128:
1883:Causes of amputation
1659:Overgrowth syndromes
1299:Spina bifida occulta
815:Madelung's deformity
792:Sprengel's deformity
465:. Wheelessonline.com
1647:VACTERL association
1117:RAPADILINO syndrome
484:"Fibular Hemimelia"
1602:Holt–Oram syndrome
1494:Goldenhar syndrome
1454:Carpenter syndrome
979:Rocker bottom foot
654:External resources
241:Long Jeanne Silver
154:Short deformed leg
142:
131:
115:Ilizarov apparatus
1860:
1859:
1757:Feingold syndrome
1544:Dubowitz syndrome
1534:Cockayne syndrome
1459:Pfeiffer syndrome
1393:
1392:
1389:
1388:
1385:
1384:
1314:Thoracic skeleton
1294:Spondylolisthesis
1263:
1262:
1129:
1128:
1125:
1124:
992:
991:
838:
837:
699:
698:
679:fibular-hemimelia
668:fibular-hemimelia
70:Fibular hemimelia
67:
66:
25:Fibular hemimelia
19:Medical condition
1895:
1841:Donohue syndrome
1817:Timothy syndrome
1697:Proteus syndrome
1692:Perlman syndrome
1554:Robinow syndrome
1499:Moebius syndrome
1420:
1413:
1406:
1397:
1361:Pectus carinatum
1356:Pectus excavatum
1319:
1277:Spinal curvature
1269:Vertebral column
1189:Crouzon syndrome
1153:Craniosynostosis
1149:
1140:
1005:fingers and toes
1001:
913:Discoid meniscus
870:Upington disease
849:
771:
762:
726:
719:
712:
703:
581:
544:
543:
525:
501:
495:
494:
492:
491:
480:
474:
473:
471:
470:
454:
448:
447:
411:
405:
404:
394:
362:
356:
355:
327:
318:
317:
297:
223:Barry McClements
58:Medical genetics
42:
22:
1903:
1902:
1898:
1897:
1896:
1894:
1893:
1892:
1863:
1862:
1861:
1856:
1829:Marfan syndrome
1813:Keutel syndrome
1801:CHARGE syndrome
1785:Fraser syndrome
1743:
1742:Combined/other,
1737:
1716:
1712:Weaver syndrome
1653:
1583:
1579:Turner syndrome
1564:Seckel syndrome
1549:Noonan syndrome
1510:
1430:
1424:
1394:
1381:
1377:Poland syndrome
1365:
1341:
1308:
1259:
1213:
1175:
1121:
1112:Larsen syndrome
1100:multiple joints
1095:
1055:
988:
927:
908:Genu recurvatum
884:
861:Hip dislocation
834:
801:
751:
743:
730:
700:
695:
694:
649:
648:
592:
553:
548:
547:
503:
502:
498:
489:
487:
482:
481:
477:
468:
466:
456:
455:
451:
413:
412:
408:
364:
363:
359:
329:
328:
321:
299:
298:
294:
289:
262:
253:Hunter Woodhall
247:Erik Stolhanske
235:Oscar Pistorius
201:
185:
123:
121:Characteristics
80:absence of the
20:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1901:
1899:
1891:
1890:
1885:
1880:
1875:
1865:
1864:
1858:
1857:
1855:
1854:
1853:
1852:
1850:Fryns syndrome
1844:
1832:
1820:
1804:
1788:
1772:
1760:
1747:
1745:
1739:
1738:
1736:
1735:
1730:
1724:
1722:
1718:
1717:
1715:
1714:
1709:
1704:
1702:Sotos syndrome
1699:
1694:
1689:
1684:
1679:
1674:
1669:
1663:
1661:
1655:
1654:
1652:
1651:
1650:
1649:
1644:
1639:
1634:
1619:
1614:
1609:
1604:
1599:
1593:
1591:
1585:
1584:
1582:
1581:
1576:
1571:
1566:
1561:
1556:
1551:
1546:
1541:
1536:
1531:
1526:
1520:
1518:
1512:
1511:
1509:
1508:
1507:
1506:
1501:
1496:
1491:
1486:
1478:
1477:
1476:
1471:
1466:
1461:
1456:
1451:
1449:Apert syndrome
1440:
1438:
1432:
1431:
1425:
1423:
1422:
1415:
1408:
1400:
1391:
1390:
1387:
1386:
1383:
1382:
1380:
1379:
1373:
1371:
1367:
1366:
1364:
1363:
1358:
1352:
1350:
1343:
1342:
1340:
1339:
1334:
1328:
1326:
1316:
1310:
1309:
1307:
1306:
1301:
1296:
1291:
1286:
1285:
1284:
1273:
1271:
1265:
1264:
1261:
1260:
1258:
1257:
1252:
1247:
1242:
1240:Dolichocephaly
1237:
1232:
1227:
1221:
1219:
1215:
1214:
1212:
1211:
1206:
1201:
1196:
1191:
1185:
1183:
1177:
1176:
1174:
1173:
1171:Trigonocephaly
1168:
1163:
1157:
1155:
1146:
1144:Skull and face
1137:
1131:
1130:
1127:
1126:
1123:
1122:
1120:
1119:
1114:
1109:
1107:Arthrogryposis
1103:
1101:
1097:
1096:
1094:
1093:
1092:
1091:
1086:
1081:
1069:
1063:
1061:
1057:
1056:
1054:
1053:
1052:
1051:
1041:
1036:
1031:
1029:Arachnodactyly
1026:
1025:
1024:
1009:
1007:
998:
994:
993:
990:
989:
987:
986:
981:
976:
971:
970:
969:
957:
956:
955:
950:
937:
935:
933:foot deformity
929:
928:
926:
925:
920:
915:
910:
905:
900:
894:
892:
886:
885:
883:
882:
877:
872:
867:
857:
855:
846:
840:
839:
836:
835:
833:
832:
827:
822:
817:
811:
809:
807:hand deformity
803:
802:
800:
799:
794:
789:
783:
781:
768:
759:
745:
744:
731:
729:
728:
721:
714:
706:
697:
696:
693:
692:
681:
670:
658:
657:
655:
651:
650:
647:
646:
635:
624:
609:
593:
588:
587:
585:
584:Classification
578:
577:
571:
565:
559:
552:
551:External links
549:
546:
545:
496:
475:
449:
406:
377:(6): 557–583.
357:
319:
291:
290:
288:
285:
284:
283:
278:
273:
268:
261:
258:
257:
256:
250:
244:
238:
232:
226:
220:
214:
208:
200:
199:Notable people
197:
184:
181:
176:
175:
172:
169:
166:
155:
152:
122:
119:
65:
64:
55:
49:
48:
44:
43:
35:
34:
31:
27:
26:
18:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1900:
1889:
1886:
1884:
1881:
1879:
1876:
1874:
1871:
1870:
1868:
1851:
1848:
1847:
1845:
1842:
1838:
1837:
1833:
1830:
1826:
1825:
1821:
1818:
1814:
1810:
1809:
1805:
1802:
1798:
1794:
1793:
1789:
1786:
1782:
1781:
1777:
1773:
1770:
1766:
1765:
1761:
1758:
1754:
1753:
1749:
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1746:
1740:
1734:
1731:
1729:
1726:
1725:
1723:
1719:
1713:
1710:
1708:
1705:
1703:
1700:
1698:
1695:
1693:
1690:
1688:
1685:
1683:
1680:
1678:
1675:
1673:
1670:
1668:
1665:
1664:
1662:
1660:
1656:
1648:
1645:
1643:
1640:
1638:
1635:
1633:
1630:
1629:
1627:
1623:
1620:
1618:
1615:
1613:
1610:
1608:
1605:
1603:
1600:
1598:
1595:
1594:
1592:
1590:
1586:
1580:
1577:
1575:
1572:
1570:
1567:
1565:
1562:
1560:
1557:
1555:
1552:
1550:
1547:
1545:
1542:
1540:
1537:
1535:
1532:
1530:
1527:
1525:
1522:
1521:
1519:
1517:
1516:Short stature
1513:
1505:
1502:
1500:
1497:
1495:
1492:
1490:
1487:
1485:
1482:
1481:
1479:
1475:
1472:
1470:
1467:
1465:
1462:
1460:
1457:
1455:
1452:
1450:
1447:
1446:
1445:
1442:
1441:
1439:
1437:
1433:
1428:
1421:
1416:
1414:
1409:
1407:
1402:
1401:
1398:
1378:
1375:
1374:
1372:
1368:
1362:
1359:
1357:
1354:
1353:
1351:
1348:
1344:
1338:
1335:
1333:
1330:
1329:
1327:
1324:
1320:
1317:
1315:
1311:
1305:
1304:Sacralization
1302:
1300:
1297:
1295:
1292:
1290:
1287:
1283:
1280:
1279:
1278:
1275:
1274:
1272:
1270:
1266:
1256:
1253:
1251:
1250:Plagiocephaly
1248:
1246:
1243:
1241:
1238:
1236:
1233:
1231:
1228:
1226:
1223:
1222:
1220:
1216:
1210:
1207:
1205:
1202:
1200:
1197:
1195:
1194:Hypertelorism
1192:
1190:
1187:
1186:
1184:
1182:
1178:
1172:
1169:
1167:
1164:
1162:
1161:Scaphocephaly
1159:
1158:
1156:
1154:
1150:
1147:
1145:
1141:
1138:
1136:
1132:
1118:
1115:
1113:
1110:
1108:
1105:
1104:
1102:
1098:
1090:
1087:
1085:
1082:
1080:
1077:
1076:
1075:
1074:
1070:
1068:
1065:
1064:
1062:
1058:
1050:
1047:
1046:
1045:
1044:Brachydactyly
1042:
1040:
1037:
1035:
1032:
1030:
1027:
1023:
1020:
1019:
1018:
1014:
1011:
1010:
1008:
1006:
1002:
999:
997:Either / both
995:
985:
982:
980:
977:
975:
972:
968:
965:
964:
963:
962:
958:
954:
951:
949:
946:
945:
944:
943:
939:
938:
936:
934:
930:
924:
921:
919:
916:
914:
911:
909:
906:
904:
901:
899:
896:
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865:Hip dysplasia
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831:
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516:(2): 113–23.
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308:(3): 259–61.
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229:Aimee Mullins
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193:homeobox gene
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23:
1834:
1822:
1806:
1790:
1774:
1762:
1750:
1622:Gastrulation
1436:Craniofacial
1225:Macrocephaly
1071:
1067:Acheiropodia
1039:Ectrodactyly
959:
940:
825:Oligodactyly
820:Clinodactyly
749:Appendicular
683:
672:
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488:. Retrieved
478:
467:. Retrieved
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338:(2): 133–7.
335:
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211:Jessica Long
190:
186:
177:
163:equinovalgus
143:
105:lengthening
73:
69:
68:
1744:known locus
1642:Sirenomelia
1255:Saddle nose
1022:Webbed toes
1013:Polydactyly
898:Genu valgum
830:Polydactyly
674:Radiopaedia
486:. orpha.net
422:(1): 30–4.
217:Liam Malone
205:Aled Davies
138:X-ray image
111:osteotomies
62:orthopedics
30:Other names
1867:Categories
1637:Ectromelia
1230:Platybasia
1166:Oxycephaly
1079:Phocomelia
1073:Ectromelia
1049:Stub thumb
1017:Syndactyly
984:Hammer toe
953:Pigeon toe
903:Genu varum
875:Coxa valga
733:Congenital
639:DiseasesDB
490:2013-02-24
469:2012-08-03
287:References
99:amputation
95:ultrasound
78:congenital
1846:Multiple
1429:syndromes
1282:Scoliosis
1089:Hemimelia
974:Pes cavus
967:Flat feet
948:Club foot
880:Coxa vara
576:Jul. 2011
570:Jul. 2011
564:Jul. 2011
165:deformity
53:Specialty
1626:mesoderm
1489:Cyclopia
1332:Cervical
779:shoulder
775:clavicle
757:dysmelia
685:Orphanet
540:14963600
532:10727851
444:41594905
436:12499939
401:27909861
314:18072458
260:See also
76:is "the
1347:sternum
633:D004480
392:5145840
107:surgery
1480:Other
1370:other:
1084:Amelia
961:valgus
607:LB9A.2
538:
530:
442:
434:
399:
389:
352:438260
350:
312:
183:Causes
150:fibula
91:Fusion
86:fibula
82:fibula
1589:Limbs
1337:Bifid
1218:other
1135:Axial
942:varus
690:93323
644:33931
622:Q73.8
536:S2CID
440:S2CID
159:ankle
1323:ribs
890:knee
766:Arms
753:limb
663:GARD
628:MeSH
528:PMID
432:PMID
397:PMID
348:PMID
336:61-B
310:PMID
103:bone
853:hip
844:Leg
613:ICD
598:ICD
518:doi
424:doi
387:PMC
379:doi
340:doi
72:or
1869::
1836:19
1824:15
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322:^
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1419:e
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711:v
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590:D
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316:.
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