173:. CRT film recorders are further divided into analog and digital types. The analog film recorder uses the native video signal from the computer, while the digital type uses a separate display board in the computer to produce a digital signal for a display in the recorder. Digital CRT recorders provide a higher resolution at a higher cost compared to analog recorders due to the additional specialized hardware. Typical resolutions for digital recorders were quoted as 2K and 4K, referring to 2048×1366 and 4096×2732 pixels, respectively, while analog recorders provided a resolution of 640×428 pixels in comparison.
24:
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Higher-quality LVT film recorders use a focused beam of light to write the image directly onto a film loaded spinning drum, one pixel at a time. In one example, the light valve was a liquid-crystal shutter, the light beam was steered with a lens, and text was printed using a pre-cut optical mask. The
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format, which used video and telecined-to-video film sources, which were then recorded with an electron-beam recorder at CBS' EVR mastering plant at the time to 35mm film stock in a rank of 4 strips on the film, which was then slit down to 4 8.75 mm (0.344 in) film copies, for playback in
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work being done. Although significant advances in large venue video projection alleviates the need to output to film, there remains a deadlock between the motion picture studios and theater owners over who should pay for the cost of these very costly projection systems. This, combined with the
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All film recorders typically work in the same manner. The image is fed from a host computer as a raster stream over a digital interface. A film recorder exposes film through various mechanisms; flying spot (early recorders); photographing a high resolution video monitor; electron beam recorder
160:
of the appropriate color. This approach yields better resolution and color quality than possible with a tri-phosphor color CRT. The three filters are usually mounted on a motor-driven wheel. The filter wheel, as well as the camera's
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produced the Model 3100 film recorder camera system, with interchangeable pin-registered movements (shuttles) for 35mm (full frame/Silent, 1.33:1) and 16mm (regular 16, "2R"), and others have adapted the
Oxberry movements for
729:М. В. Антипин, И. С. Голод, В. А. Кныш, В. А. Коновалов, Ю. С. Косарский, О. П. Макаров (1982). "Метод и аппаратура для перевода изображения с магнитной ленты на киноплёнку с помощью лазеров" (журнал) (in Russian) (11) («
352:
The last LVT machines produced by Kodak / Durst-Dice stopped production in 2002. There are no LVT film recorders currently being produced. LVT Saturn 1010 uses a LED exposure (RGB) to 8"x10" film at 1000-3000ppi.
111:(CRT) display. The exposed film can then be developed using conventional developing techniques, and displayed with a slide or motion picture projector. The use of film recorders predates the current use of
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Later 1970 and 80s-era recording to B&W (and color, with 3 separate exposures for red, green, and blue)) 16mm film was done with an EBR (Electron Beam
Recorder), the most prominent examples made by
513:
recording on 16mm by exposing three 16mm frames in a row (one red, one green and one blue). The film was then printed to color 16mm or 35mm film. The video fed to the recorder could either be
107:
source. In a typical film recorder, an image is passed from a host computer to a mechanism to expose film through a variety of methods, historically by direct photography of a high-resolution
452:, 1.85:1, 1.75:1, 1.66:1, as well as Academy/Sound (1.37:1) in 35mm and Super-16 in 16mm ("1R"). For instance, the "Solitaire" and numerous others employed the Oxberry 3100 camera system.
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115:, which eliminate the time and cost involved in the intermediate step of transferring computer images to film stock, instead directly displaying the image signal from a computer.
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image recording on a CRT film recorder, the red, green, and blue channels are sequentially displayed on a single gray scale CRT, and exposed to the same piece of film as a
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A brief history of scanning and recording by C Glenn Kennel, director of technology for
Cinesite’s Film Scanning and Recording and Digital Mastering divisions.
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Traditional film recorder manufacturers have all but vanished from the scene or have evolved their product lines to cater to the motion picture industry.
412:, a motion picture film recorder utilizing LCD technology. In 2010 CCG introduced the first full LED LCD film recorder as a new step in film recording.
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are the opposite of film recorders, copying content from film stock to a computer system. Film recorders can be thought of as modern versions of
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All types of CRT recorders were (and still are) used for film recording. Some early examples used for computer-output recording were the 1954
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video system. Image
Transform had modified other gear for this process. At its peak, this system was used in the production of the film "
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increase in international and independent film production, will keep the demand for film recording steady for at least a decade.
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to handle multiple formats with the same camera or with
Polaroid backs to provide on-site review of output before exposing film.
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LVT will record pixel beyond grain. Some machines can burn 120-res or 120 lines per millimeter. The LVT is basically a reverse
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In 1988, companies in the United States collectively produced 715 million slides at a cost of $ 8.3 billion.
525:. Later, Image Transform used specially modified VTRs to record 24 frame for their "Image Vision" system. The modified
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CRT for text and vector graphic output to either 16mm motion picture film, 16mm microfilm, or hard-copy paper output.
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processes. For preview, archiving, and small-volume reproduction, film recorders have been rendered obsolete by modern
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ceremony was given on 11 February 2012 to Franz Kraus, Johannes
Steurer and Wolfgang Riedel. Steurer was awarded the
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Lux Laser Cinema
Recorder: Get Speed and Quality with Laser Recorders, Jan 1, 1999 12:00 PM, Tom Thill
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were other producers of film recorders. Arri is the only current major manufacturer of film recorders.
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technology (LVT) recorder; a scanning laser beam (Arrilaser); or recently, full-frame LCD array chips.
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were invented, TV shows were either broadcast live or recorded to film for later showing, using the
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Lightning I film recorder. One of the first laser recorders. Needed an engineering staff to set up.
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VTRs would record and play back 24frame video at 10 MHz bandwidth, at about twice the normal
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The
History of Television, 1942 to 2000, By Albert Abramson, Christopher H. Sterling, page 125
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Focus on
Imaging, December, 2001, Film Recorders in the 21st Century by Jack and Sue Drafahl
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169:, and film motion mechanism are usually controlled by the recorder's electronics and/or the
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787:(Press release). Fraunhofer Institute for Physical Measurement Techniques. 27 January 2012
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Memorial Medal two years later in 2014 for his role in the development of the
Arrilaser.
181:. The exposed film is developed and printed by regular photographic chemical processing.
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editorsguild.com DI work, The Editors Guild Magazine, Vol. 23, No. 3 – May/June 2002
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Kodak Lightning II film recorder used both gas and diode laser to record on to film.
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Autologic Terminates New Activities on Laser Recorder, 7 March 2000|BARBARA MURPHY
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film recorders, has been a steady manufacturer of film recorders based in Germany.
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to the makers of the Arrilaser film recorder. The Award of Merit Oscar from the
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How "Toy Story", or Jurassic Park's SFX were printed on Film - MGI Solitaire 16
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CREATING 35mm SLIDES WITH THE FILM RECORDER – Polaroid 8000 and Polaroid 7000
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Exploring the hardware used to produce Romeo & Juliet: Sealed with a Kiss
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smpte.org A Short History of Television Recording: Part II, Albert Abramson
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Film recorders are available for a variety of film types and formats. The
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used specially modified 3M EBR film recorders that could perform color
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426:. The Cinevator was a real-time digital film recorder. It could record
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LUX Laser Cinema Recorder from Autologic/Information International in
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that produce photographic-quality hardcopies directly on plain paper.
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that project images directly from a computer to a screen. The terms "
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Currently, film recorders are primarily used in the motion picture
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How to Use the LFR Plus Film Recorder from Oregon State University
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and 8×10 are often used for high-quality, large format printing.
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Visual effects in a digital world By Karen E. Goulekas, page 283
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Device that copies content from a computer system to film stock
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was one such early provider of digital color film recorders.
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are popular because they can be processed by any photo shop.
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141:); a CRT scanning dot (Celco); focused beam of light from a
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KCK-40 cameras were used on the set. This was a custom pre-
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kodak.com IMAGICA Film Recorder Rewrites the Speed Limit
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The Philips-Miller Film Recorder, Early Audio Recorders
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Cinmatographe Recorders, Posted on 27 December 2011
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Using the Polaroid Film Recorder, from marietta.edu
235:They are also used to produce the master copies of
469:process. In 1967, CBS Laboratories introduced the
377:line of laser-based motion picture film recorders.
278:Film recorders were also commonly used to produce
633:Capen, Tracey; Douglas, Sally J. (6 March 1989).
363:. Sales end in March 2000. Used on the 1997 film
1041:Difference in resolution 4k and 8k with examples
981:SFE Developers of film recorder to receive Oscar
395:line of CRT-based motion picture film recorders.
384:line of CRT-based motion picture film recorders.
331:, Management Graphics, Inc, MacDonald-Detwiler,
829:"Johannes Steurer receives Oskar Messter Medal"
552:using a film recorder for film-out production.
807:"Developers of film recorder to receive Oscar"
294:" and "slide deck" are still commonly used in
533:resolution. Modified 24fps 10 MHz Bosch
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936:Digital Film Recorder recommended film types
921:Cinematographe Terme Conseill Film recorders
809:. Phys.org. Associated Press. 6 January 2012
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769:) CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
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572:Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences
310:process for the ever increasing amount of
785:"Technical Oscar for ARRI and Fraunhofer"
545:" in 1982. This was the first major pre-
68:Learn how and when to remove this message
669:Fersko-Weiss, Henry (28 February 1989).
31:This article includes a list of general
951:What is a film recorder? dslreports.com
635:"Product Comparison: PC Film Recorders"
622:
543:Monty Python Live at the Hollywood Bowl
387:Matrix, originally ImaPRO, a branch of
267:Film recorders were among the earliest
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580:Academy Scientific and Technical Award
286:; but this need is now largely met by
1026:Solitaire Cine III FLX Specifications
251:. However, most cinemas nowadays use
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275:CRT Recorder was announced in 1954.
831:(Press release). Arri. 14 May 2014
555:In 1980 film recorder was made in
37:it lacks sufficient corresponding
14:
671:"From Screen to Slide—Affordably"
271:output devices; for example, the
220:to generate master negatives for
1016:Light Illusion on Film recorders
1001:Film recording from pgreen.co.uk
87:Pair of Arrilaser film recorders
22:
461:Before video tape recorders or
333:Information International, Inc.
911:LVT Rhino Image Recorder, 2008
418:was made by Cinevation AS, in
1:
485:SC-4020, the latter using a
204:Some models have detachable
117:Motion picture film scanners
956:Lasergraphics Film Recorder
497:), for both video and COM (
481:CRT Recorder, and the 1962
216:Film recorders are used in
99:for transferring images to
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765:CS1 maint: date and year (
731:Техника кино и телевидения
507:Universal City, California
471:Electronic Video Recording
1061:Film and video technology
1031:imapro.com film recorders
901:Film Recorder 4 July 2011
499:Computer Output Microfilm
259:instead of film stock.
874:27 December 2019 at the
249:digital image processing
527:1 inch type B videotape
408:In 2004 CCG introduced
391:Division, produced the
253:Digital Cinema Packages
97:graphical output device
52:more precise citations.
754:Cite journal requires
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991:4K VERSUS 8K IMAGING
296:presentation programs
199:Single-image 4×5 film
86:
606:Digital Intermediate
547:digital intermediate
312:digital intermediate
971:Lasergraphics specs
611:Grating Light Valve
733:» ed.): 3–9.
241:computer animation
191:35mm negative film
113:digital projectors
89:
1066:Computer printers
1056:Computer graphics
483:Stromberg-Carlson
438:with and without
380:MGI produced the
319:Key manufacturers
269:computer graphics
263:Computer graphics
154:multiple exposure
101:photographic film
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109:cathode ray tube
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302:Current uses
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179:drum scanner
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58:October 2012
55:
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675:PC Magazine
574:awarded an
450:CinemaScope
401:, formerly
257:hard drives
143:light valve
50:introducing
1050:Categories
835:4 November
813:4 November
791:4 November
681:4 November
645:4 November
617:References
487:Charactron
361:California
156:through a
121:Kinescopes
33:references
854:Cinevator
739:0040-2249
639:InfoWorld
559:in USSR.
467:Kinescope
416:Cinevator
382:Solitaire
375:Arrilaser
365:“Titanic”
247:based on
243:or other
239:that use
139:Sony HDVS
132:Operation
872:Archived
869:Definity
601:Tape-out
596:Film-out
590:See also
511:film-out
410:Definity
329:Polaroid
308:film-out
230:printers
226:printing
167:aperture
535:Fernseh
479:IBM 740
457:History
445:Oxberry
420:Drammen
325:Dicomed
273:IBM 740
185:Formats
163:shutter
105:digital
103:from a
46:improve
737:
566:Awards
436:prints
424:Norway
335:, and
280:slides
237:movies
222:offset
158:filter
127:Design
35:, but
576:Oscar
523:SECAM
440:sound
344:Kodak
292:slide
150:color
95:is a
859:Arri
837:2017
815:2017
793:2017
771:link
767:link
760:help
735:ISSN
683:2017
647:2017
570:The
557:LIKI
539:HDTV
531:NTSC
515:NTSC
463:VTRs
434:and
403:Agfa
389:Agfa
371:Arri
337:Agfa
282:for
212:Uses
193:and
148:For
881:CCG
521:or
519:PAL
505:in
399:CCG
393:QCR
255:on
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