153:– is one of many surviving treatises on Hindu architecture and sculpture. The text consists of 10000 lines, and discusses a wide range of architectural topics, with many sections on Hindu temples. The text discusses the qualifications of an architect and the construction team, soil testing and preparation methods, design proportions and guidelines, and civil construction. The text includes infrastructure for public services such as water tanks, wells, gardens, markets and others. Sections are dedicated to many plans of village, town and city layout and recommends one of forty plans depending on the terrain and resources available (four examples shown above), with a temple or a public assembly hall at the center of the settlement.
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Finalized by about 700 CE, many manuscripts of this text have been found in different parts of India. The
Thanjavur manuscript was translated by Prassana Acharya, with a summary published in 1917. Before this translation, it had attracted the attention of British scholars such as E.B Havell and of
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The traditional Hindu architectural principles for town planning emphasizes directional alignment and symmetry, favoring human settlements that face the sunrise and streets that allow movement of the natural seasonal wind patterns. According to Havell, the forty plans in
Mansara cover settlements
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by waiving all of their rights to the work worldwide under copyright law, including all related and neighboring rights, to the extent allowed by law. You can copy, modify, distribute and perform the work, even for commercial purposes, all without asking permission.
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from 4000 square feet to 30 square miles, of which one third was ideally for homes and public buildings, while the rest was for gardens, farms, water, streets and other infrastructure.
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Indian scholars such as Ram Raz. The latter published drawings of town and village plans in 1834, which were revised by Havell in 1910.
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171:(abode of happiness, a swastika variant) layouts for town planning. The images are derived from these public domain sources:
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This file contains additional information, probably added from the digital camera or scanner used to create or digitize it.
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English Knowledge use this file (pages on other projects are not listed):
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Town and village layout in the
Manasara – one of many treatises on early Indian architecture
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I, the copyright holder of this work, hereby publish it under the following license:
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The
Ancient and Medieval Architecture of India: A Study pf Indo-Aryan Civilisation
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The person who associated a work with this deed has dedicated the work to the
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700 CE Manasara
Sanskrit text, Hindu architecture, town village plans.jpg
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Click on a date/time to view the file as it appeared at that time.
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copyrighted, dedicated to the public domain by copyright holder
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http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/deed.en
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191:, Manasara Series, Oxford University Press, London
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