Knowledge

File:Light pollution and the planetary boundary layer over Berlin.jpg

Source 📝

43: 205: 211: 216: 103: 549: 157:
This grey glowing "cloud" over the city of Berlin is due to light scattered off of suspended aerosols below the planetary boundary layer (PBL). The sky above the PBL appears dark because the air is cleaner, giving the upward propagating light less opportunity to scatter towards the viewer. Such a
257:– You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use. 69: 65: 61: 57: 53: 47: 114: 82: 597: 158:
clear view of the PBL is only possible when the viewer is at approximately the same altitude as the layer. The bright bluish spot on the photo is
548: 543: 73: 42: 390: 354: 460: 741: 620:
This file contains additional information, probably added from the digital camera or scanner used to create or digitize it.
264: 480: 444: 338: 410: 374: 321: 579: 226: 623:
If the file has been modified from its original state, some details may not fully reflect the modified file.
786: 263:– If you remix, transform, or build upon the material, you must distribute your contributions under the 180: 223: 726: 575:
The following pages on the English Knowledge use this file (pages on other projects are not listed):
814: 642: 122: 559: 159: 632: 882: 804: 768: 649: 109: 892: 689: 824: 170: 669: 659: 516:
Click on a date/time to view the file as it appeared at that time.
181:
http://userpage.fu-berlin.de/~kyba/images/night_boundary_layer.html
147:
Light pollution and the planetary boundary layer over Berlin.jpg
97: 607: 305:
Add a one-line explanation of what this file represents
87:(3,648 × 2,736 pixels, file size: 4.46 MB, MIME type: 391:
Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported
141: 121:
Commons is a freely licensed media file repository.
819:Flash did not fire, compulsory flash suppression 274:https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0 102: 280:Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 204: 8: 240:– to copy, distribute and transmit the work 625: 518: 301: 590:The following other wikis use this file: 901: 890: 880: 872: 864: 856: 848: 840: 832: 822: 812: 802: 794: 784: 776: 766: 758: 750: 739: 731: 721: 713: 705: 697: 686: 678: 667: 657: 647: 637: 577: 494: 478: 458: 442: 424: 408: 388: 372: 352: 336: 319: 316: 297: 290: 627: 7: 227:Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported 507: 215: 210: 618: 310: 304: 201: 151: 134: 80: 309: 680:Date and time of data generation 295: 251:Under the following conditions: 222:This file is licensed under the 214: 209: 203: 101: 31: 21: 292: 152: 14: 291: 26: 1: 36: 317:Items portrayed in this file 850:Focal plane resolution unit 752:Date and time of digitizing 923: 861:One-chip color area sensor 604:Usage on de.wikipedia.org 594:Usage on ar.wikipedia.org 265:same or compatible license 733:File change date and time 508: 16: 842:Focal plane Y resolution 834:Focal plane X resolution 755:20:49, 20 September 2011 736:20:49, 20 September 2011 683:20:49, 20 September 2011 580:Planetary boundary layer 544:08:10, 22 September 2011 294: 231: 108:This is a file from the 866:Custom image processing 565: 186: 176: 169: 166: 144: 112:. Information from its 760:Image compression mode 115:description page there 46:Size of this preview: 796:Maximum land aperture 707:Horizontal resolution 160:Olympiastadion Berlin 598:طبقة الحدود الكوكبية 74:3,648 × 2,736 pixels 70:2,560 × 1,920 pixels 715:Vertical resolution 643:Canon PowerShot S90 629:Camera manufacturer 461:Canon PowerShot S90 246:– to adapt the work 52:Other resolutions: 903:Scene capture type 887:Auto white balance 66:1,280 × 960 pixels 62:1,024 × 768 pixels 910: 909: 586:Global file usage 568: 426:20 September 2011 375:copyright license 303: 194: 193: 171:20 September 2011 130: 129: 110:Wikimedia Commons 32:Global file usage 914: 626: 556: 339:copyright status 287: 284: 281: 278: 275: 267:as the original. 224:Creative Commons 218: 217: 213: 212: 207: 206: 172: 156: 148: 142: 126: 105: 104: 98: 92: 90: 77: 58:640 × 480 pixels 54:320 × 240 pixels 48:800 × 600 pixels 922: 921: 917: 916: 915: 913: 912: 911: 614: 584: 576: 569: 562: 554: 510: 509: 506: 505: 504: 503: 502: 501: 500: 499: 497: 487: 486: 485: 483: 472: 471: 470: 469: 468: 467: 466: 465: 463: 451: 450: 449: 447: 436: 435: 434: 433: 432: 431: 430: 429: 427: 417: 416: 415: 413: 402: 401: 400: 399: 398: 397: 396: 395: 393: 381: 380: 379: 377: 366: 365: 364: 363: 362: 361: 360: 359: 357: 345: 344: 343: 341: 330: 329: 328: 327: 326: 324: 308: 307: 306: 289: 288: 285: 282: 279: 276: 273: 272: 230: 219: 200: 195: 162: 146: 139: 132: 131: 120: 119: 118:is shown below. 94: 88: 86: 79: 78: 51: 12: 11: 5: 920: 918: 908: 907: 904: 900: 899: 896: 889: 888: 885: 879: 878: 875: 871: 870: 869:Normal process 867: 863: 862: 859: 858:Sensing method 855: 854: 851: 847: 846: 843: 839: 838: 835: 831: 830: 827: 821: 820: 817: 811: 810: 807: 801: 800: 797: 793: 792: 789: 783: 782: 779: 775: 774: 771: 765: 764: 761: 757: 756: 753: 749: 748: 745: 738: 737: 734: 730: 729: 727:Aperture 3.1.3 724: 720: 719: 716: 712: 711: 708: 704: 703: 700: 696: 695: 692: 685: 684: 681: 677: 676: 673: 666: 665: 662: 656: 655: 652: 646: 645: 640: 636: 635: 630: 617: 613: 612: 611: 610: 602: 601: 600: 588: 587: 583: 582: 574: 573: 572: 567: 566: 564: 560: 557: 553:3,648 × 2,736 551: 546: 541: 537: 536: 533: 530: 527: 524: 521: 514: 513: 498: 495: 493: 492: 491: 490: 489: 488: 484: 479: 477: 476: 475: 474: 473: 464: 459: 457: 456: 455: 454: 453: 452: 448: 443: 441: 440: 439: 438: 437: 428: 425: 423: 422: 421: 420: 419: 418: 414: 409: 407: 406: 405: 404: 403: 394: 389: 387: 386: 385: 384: 383: 382: 378: 373: 371: 370: 369: 368: 367: 358: 353: 351: 350: 349: 348: 347: 346: 342: 337: 335: 334: 333: 332: 331: 325: 320: 318: 315: 314: 313: 312: 311: 300: 299: 296: 293: 271: 270: 269: 268: 258: 249: 248: 247: 241: 234:You are free: 221: 220: 202: 199: 196: 192: 191: 188: 184: 183: 178: 174: 173: 168: 164: 163: 149: 140: 138: 135: 133: 128: 127: 106: 96: 95: 45: 41: 40: 39: 34: 29: 24: 19: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 919: 905: 902: 897: 894: 891: 886: 884: 883:White balance 881: 877:Auto exposure 876: 874:Exposure mode 873: 868: 865: 860: 857: 852: 849: 844: 841: 836: 833: 828: 826: 823: 818: 816: 813: 808: 806: 805:Metering mode 803: 798: 795: 790: 788: 787:Exposure bias 785: 780: 778:APEX aperture 777: 772: 770: 769:Shutter speed 767: 762: 759: 754: 751: 746: 743: 740: 735: 732: 728: 725: 723:Software used 722: 717: 714: 709: 706: 701: 698: 693: 691: 687: 682: 679: 674: 671: 668: 663: 661: 658: 653: 651: 650:Exposure time 648: 644: 641: 638: 634: 631: 628: 624: 621: 615: 609: 606: 605: 603: 599: 596: 595: 593: 592: 591: 585: 581: 578: 570: 563: 558: 552: 550: 547: 545: 542: 539: 538: 534: 531: 528: 525: 522: 520: 519: 517: 511: 482: 462: 446: 445:captured with 412: 392: 376: 356: 340: 323: 277:CC BY-SA 3.0 266: 262: 259: 256: 253: 252: 250: 245: 242: 239: 236: 235: 233: 232: 228: 225: 208: 197: 190:Ralf Steikert 189: 185: 182: 179: 175: 165: 161: 155: 150: 143: 136: 124: 117: 116: 111: 107: 100: 99: 93: 84: 83:Original file 75: 71: 67: 63: 59: 55: 49: 44: 38: 35: 33: 30: 28: 25: 23: 20: 18: 15: 893:Digital zoom 799:2 APEX (f/2) 690:focal length 639:Camera model 622: 619: 589: 515: 512:File history 260: 254: 243: 237: 153: 123:You can help 113: 81: 22:File history 825:Color space 699:Orientation 654:1/1 sec (1) 608:Peplosphäre 355:copyrighted 261:share alike 255:attribution 145:Description 571:File usage 529:Dimensions 496:image/jpeg 481:media type 89:image/jpeg 27:File usage 845:12,493.15 837:12,493.15 670:ISO speed 555:(4.46 MB) 526:Thumbnail 523:Date/Time 411:inception 198:Licensing 154:English: 906:Standard 660:F-number 616:Metadata 298:Captions 244:to remix 238:to share 229:license. 37:Metadata 809:Pattern 744:version 540:current 535:Comment 322:depicts 302:English 137:Summary 85:‎ 853:inches 718:72 dpi 710:72 dpi 702:Normal 672:rating 187:Author 177:Source 895:ratio 815:Flash 688:Lens 675:1,600 633:Canon 561:Ckyba 829:sRGB 747:2.21 742:Exif 694:6 mm 532:User 286:true 283:true 167:Date 17:File 664:f/2 72:| 68:| 64:| 60:| 56:| 50:. 898:1 791:0 781:2 773:0 763:3 125:. 91:) 76:.

Index

File
File history
File usage
Global file usage
Metadata
File:Light pollution and the planetary boundary layer over Berlin.jpg
800 × 600 pixels
320 × 240 pixels
640 × 480 pixels
1,024 × 768 pixels
1,280 × 960 pixels
2,560 × 1,920 pixels
3,648 × 2,736 pixels
Original file
Wikimedia Commons
description page there
You can help
Olympiastadion Berlin
http://userpage.fu-berlin.de/~kyba/images/night_boundary_layer.html
Creative Commons
Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported
same or compatible license
depicts
copyright status
copyrighted
copyright license
Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported
inception
captured with
Canon PowerShot S90

Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.