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Political map of the
Caucasus, c. 740 CE, following the end of the Arab-Khazar conflict and the consolidation of Umayyad power in Transcaucasia.
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The End of the Jihâd State: The Reign of Hishām ibn ʻAbd al-Malik and the
Collapse of the Umayyads
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Any errors are mine, and any suggestions for improvement and corrections are welcome.
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I, the copyright holder of this work, hereby publish it under the following license:
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22:File history
1235:아제르바이잔의 군사사
1060:نبرد اردبیل
907:Van, Turkey
577:3 July 2018
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1290:Metadata
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366:Captions
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1215:არმინია
1080:Khazars
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