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skill and judgment. By skill, I mean the use of one’s knowledge, developed aptitude or practised ability in producing the work. By judgment, I mean the use of one’s capacity for discernment or ability to form an opinion or evaluation by comparing different possible options in producing the work. This exercise of skill and judgment will necessarily involve intellectual effort.
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work. That alone, however, is not sufficient to find that something is original. In addition, an original work must be the product of an author’s exercise of skill and judgment. The exercise of skill and judgment required to produce the work must not be so trivial that it could be characterized as a purely mechanical exercise."
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For a work to be “original” within the meaning of the
Copyright Act, it must be more than a mere copy of another work. At the same time, it need not be creative, in the sense of being novel or unique. What is required to attract copyright protection in the expression of an idea is an exercise of
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A creativity standard implies that something must be novel or non-obvious — concepts more properly associated with patent law than copyright law. And for these reasons, I conclude that an “original” work under the
Copyright Act is one that originates from an author and is not copied from another
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explicitly rejected the "sweat of the brow" doctrine for being too low of a standard, but at the same time, stated that the creativity standards for originality were too high:
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in some jurisdictions. If you want to use it, you have to ensure that you have the legal right to do so and that you do not infringe any trademark rights. See our
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This file contains additional information, probably added from the digital camera or scanner used to create or digitize it.
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for images that are not creative in the sense of being a product of non-trivial "skill and judgment" as discussed below.
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Unlike other common law countries, Canada's threshold of originality veers closer to that of the United States.
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If the file has been modified from its original state, some details may not fully reflect the modified file.
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This tag does not indicate the copyright status of the attached work.
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This logo image consists only of simple geometric shapes or text. It
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needed for copyright protection, and is therefore in the
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
