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File:PSM V18 D029 The violle actinometer.jpg

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L'appareil se compose de deux sphères concentriques entre lesquelles on peut soit y placer de la glace, soit faire circuler un courant d’eau chaude ou froide, ou même de la vapeur d’eau, afin d’assurer une température constante de l’enveloppe intérieure. Les deux enveloppes possèdent deux ouvertures
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L’actinomètre de Jules Violle sert à déterminer approximativement la température de la surface du Soleil. Jules Violle (1841-1923) était un physicien connu pour ses travaux sur la photométrie, le rayonnement et la calorimétrie. Il publia de nombreux articles sur la détermination de la température
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sur un même axe permettant aux rayons solaires de traverser l’appareil. Un thermomètre se place au centre de la sphère intérieur par un orifice prévu à cet effet et son bon positionnement peut être vérifié à l’aide d’un miroir fixé sur le support de l'actinomètre et placé à la sortie .
392: 439:{{Information |Description = The Violle actinometer |Source = http://en.wikisource.org/Page:Popular_Science_Monthly_Volume_18.djvu/29 |Date = 1880-1881 |Author = Unknown |Permission = {{PD-old}} |other_versions = }} [[Category:Popular Science 282: Note that a few countries have copyright terms longer than 70 years: Mexico has 100 years, Jamaica has 95 years, Colombia has 80 years, and Guatemala and Samoa have 75 years. This image may 154:
effective de la surface du soleil. Sa détermination de la constante solaire à l'aide d'un actinomètre, le conduisit même à faire plusieurs expériences au sommet du Mont Blanc ( 1871-1875).
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http://cst.univ-rennes1.fr/themes/lieuxCulture/Les+collections+d%27instruments+de+physique/Les+objets+pr%C3%A9cieux/AutresInstruments/Actinometre/
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Violle’s Actinometer: A Simple Instrument to Deduce the Temperature of the Sun from
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Information from its 135:The Violle actinometer 98:description page there 41:Size of this preview: 417:03:39, 19 August 2010 181:between 1880 and 1881 253:This work is in the 144:Актинометр (Violle) 47:Other resolutions: 57:991 × 1,303 pixels 712:கதிர் செறிவு அளவி 477:مقياس شدة الإشعاع 465:Global file usage 442: 350: 349: 331: 330: 320: 240: 239: 218: 215:Reusing this file 113: 112: 93:Wikimedia Commons 32:Global file usage 751: 429: 399: 346: 343: 340: 337: 334: 316:more information 304:more information 275: 274: 273: 263:is the author's 249: 248: 242: 236: 233: 230: 227: 222: 212: 205: 152: 150:Français : 142: 134: 126: 120: 109: 88: 87: 81: 75: 73: 60: 53:365 × 480 pixels 49:182 × 240 pixels 43:456 × 600 pixels 759: 758: 754: 753: 752: 750: 749: 748: 463: 443: 435: 427: 405: 397: 353: 352: 351: 344: 341: 338: 335: 332: 319: 271: 234: 231: 228: 225: 203: 184: 173: 160:Source : [ 146: 136: 124: 115: 114: 103: 102: 101:is shown below. 77: 71: 69: 62: 61: 46: 12: 11: 5: 757: 755: 747: 746: 745: 744: 736: 735: 734: 726: 725: 724: 716: 715: 714: 706: 705: 704: 696: 695: 694: 686: 685: 684: 676: 675: 674: 666: 665: 664: 656: 655: 654: 646: 645: 644: 636: 635: 634: 626: 625: 624: 616: 615: 614: 606: 605: 604: 596: 595: 594: 586: 585: 584: 576: 575: 574: 566: 565: 564: 559: 551: 550: 549: 541: 540: 539: 534: 526: 525: 524: 516: 515: 514: 509: 501: 500: 499: 491: 490: 489: 481: 480: 479: 467: 466: 462: 461: 456: 447: 446: 441: 440: 437: 433: 430: 426:1,037 × 1,301 424: 419: 414: 411: 410: 407: 403: 400: 394: 389: 384: 380: 379: 376: 373: 370: 367: 364: 357: 356: 348: 347: 329: 328: 322: 321: 290:implement the 281: 261:copyright term 250: 238: 237: 219: 207: 206: 204:Unknown author 202:Unknown author 200: 196: 195: 190: 186: 185: 182: 179: 175: 174: 127: 118: 116: 111: 110: 89: 79: 78: 40: 36: 35: 34: 29: 24: 19: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 756: 743: 740: 739: 737: 733: 730: 729: 727: 723: 720: 719: 717: 713: 710: 709: 707: 703: 700: 699: 697: 693: 692:Актинометрија 690: 689: 687: 683: 680: 679: 677: 673: 670: 669: 667: 663: 660: 659: 657: 653: 650: 649: 647: 643: 640: 639: 637: 633: 630: 629: 627: 623: 620: 619: 617: 613: 610: 609: 607: 603: 600: 599: 597: 593: 590: 589: 587: 583: 580: 579: 577: 573: 570: 569: 567: 563: 560: 558: 555: 554: 552: 548: 545: 544: 542: 538: 535: 533: 530: 529: 527: 523: 520: 519: 517: 513: 510: 508: 505: 504: 502: 498: 495: 494: 492: 488: 485: 484: 482: 478: 475: 474: 472: 471: 470: 464: 460: 457: 455: 452: 450: 444: 436: 431: 425: 423: 420: 418: 415: 413: 412: 406: 401: 395: 393: 390: 388: 385: 382: 381: 377: 374: 371: 368: 365: 363: 362: 360: 354: 327: 323: 317: 313: 312:rehabilitated 309: 305: 301: 297: 293: 289: 285: 279: 269: 268: 266: 262: 258: 257: 256:public domain 251: 243: 229:Public domain 226:Public domain 224: 223: 220: 216: 211: 208: 201: 197: 194: 191: 187: 176: 172: 168: 167: 163: 158: 151: 145: 141: 133: 128: 121: 107: 100: 99: 94: 90: 83: 82: 76: 67: 66:Original file 58: 54: 50: 44: 39: 33: 30: 28: 25: 23: 20: 18: 15: 652:Actinometria 612:Actinometría 582:Aktinomeeter 537:Jules Violle 468: 459:Jules Violle 448: 396:991 × 1,303 358: 355:File history 300:World War II 295: 287: 283: 264: 254: 252: 170: 165: 159: 155: 149: 139: 131: 106:You can help 96: 64: 22:File history 702:Aktinometer 672:actinometru 662:Actinometru 642:Aktinometer 622:Aktinométer 602:Actinomètre 592:Aktinometro 572:Actinómetro 547:Ακτινόμετρο 532:Aktinometer 507:Актинометър 454:Actinometer 123:Description 732:Актинометр 722:Актинометр 682:Актинометр 632:Актинометр 522:Aktinometr 497:Актынометр 487:Aktinometr 445:File usage 372:Dimensions 210:Permission 72:image/jpeg 27:File usage 369:Thumbnail 366:Date/Time 140:Русский: 132:English: 512:Жул Виол 742:ضو پیما 428:(60 KB) 398:(60 KB) 383:current 378:Comment 68:‎ 199:Author 189:Source 434:Ineuw 404:Ineuw 345:false 342:false 235:false 232:false 375:User 296:does 178:Date 17:File 336:PDM 288:not 284:not 318:). 267:. 55:| 51:| 45:. 302:( 217:) 213:( 108:. 74:) 59:.

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File:PSM V18 D029 The violle actinometer.jpg
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Актинометр (Violle)
http://cst.univ-rennes1.fr/themes/lieuxCulture/Les+collections+d%27instruments+de+physique/Les+objets+pr%C3%A9cieux/AutresInstruments/Actinometre/
Popular Science Monthly Volume 18
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