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Different measurements in the Royer et al. compilation come from different authors and involve different techniques. As such the error bars are not necessarily comparable. For example, some sources may have included only statistical measurement error, whereas others may have included statistical and
302:
Both measurements and models show considerable uncertainty and variation; however, all point to carbon dioxide levels in the past that have been signifcantly higher than they are at present. While the GEOCARB Carbon dioxide levels in the most part of the
Phanerzoic Eon shows a fit and resulting
303:
climate sensitivity similar to todays values, the early
Phanerozoic includes a global ice age during the Ordovician age combined with high atmospheric carbon contents based on the same project. There have been different speculations about the reasons but no acknowledged mechanism so far.
1204:
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446:– You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.
246:(Berner and Kothavala 2001), Carbon-Oxygen-Phosphorus-Sulfur-Evolution COPSE (Bergman et al. 2004) and Rothman (2001). These are compared to the carbon dioxide measurement database of Royer et al. (2004) and a 30
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concentrations, where "present" represents some average value for the last few million years. To compare to direct measurements a value of 260 ppmv is chosen for the recent period, with an uncertainty of
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Estimates of carbon dioxide changes through geochemical modeling instead rely on quantifying the geological sources and sinks for carbon dioxide over long time scales particularly:
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systematic errors. Other measurements report no uncertainty at all. Because of these factors, the error measurements were ignored when determining the 30 Myr measurement average.
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Veizer, J., Godderis, Y. & Francois. L.M., Evidence for decoupling of atmospheric CO2 and global climate during the
Phanerozoic eon. Nature 408, 698-701 (2000)
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610:
Nir J. Shaviv, Ján Veizer: Celestial driver of
Phanerozoic climate?, Geological Society of America Vol. 13, Issue 7 (Juliy 2003), S. 4–10, Online (pdf 454 KByte)
257:
are shown when they were available. The right hand scale shows the ratio of these measurements to the estimated average for the last several million years (the
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All data except GEOCARB III appear on the 2004 geologic time scale (Gradstein et al. 2005). GEOCARB III appears on the
Gradstein & Ogg (1996) time scale.
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for more information. If an SVG form of this image is available, please upload it and afterwards replace this template with
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Bergman, Noam M., Timothy M. Lenton, and Andrew J. Watson (2004). "COPSE: A new model of biogeochemical cycling over
Phanerozoic time".
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355:; with no Invariant Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts. A copy of the license is included in the section entitled
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This file contains additional information, probably added from the digital camera or scanner used to create or digitize it.
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If the file has been modified from its original state, some details may not fully reflect the modified file.
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The following pages on the
English Knowledge (XXG) use this file (pages on other projects are not listed):
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452:– If you remix, transform, or build upon the material, you must distribute your contributions under the
239:
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Royer, Dana L., Robert A. Berner, Isabel P. Montañez, Neil J. Tabor, and David J. Beerling (2004). "CO
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deposition. As such, these models are largely independent of direct measurements of carbon dioxide.
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Rothman, Daniel H. (2001). "Atmospheric carbon dioxide levels for the last 500 million years".
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Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of the
269:
268:
Direct determination of past carbon dioxide levels relies primarily on the interpretation of
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density in fossil plants. Each of these is subject to substantial systematic uncertainty.
152:
It is recommended to name the SVG file “Phanerozoic Carbon
Dioxide.svg”—then the template
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Atmospheric CO₂ in parts per million by volume (ppmv) over the last half billion years.
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Measurements based on the interpretation of paleosols sometimes result in apparent CO
78:
328:
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Berner, RA and Z. Kothavala (2001). "GEOCARB III: A revised model of atmospheric CO
243:
235:
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from published data and is incorporated into the Global
Warming Art project.
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Click on a date/time to view the file as it appeared at that time.
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Inverted figure and axes, so that time evolves from left to right.
177:
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Knowledge (XXG):Reference desk/Archives/Science/2006 September 26
170:
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No models are capable of resolving changes faster than ~10 Myr.
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This licensing tag was added to this file as part of the GFDL
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Gradstein, FM and JG Ogg (1996). "A Phanerozoic time scale".
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Talk:Carbon dioxide in Earth's atmosphere/Archive 2
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Talk:Carbon dioxide in Earth's atmosphere/Archive 1
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All models are reported in terms of the ratio of past CO
644:
concentrations < 0 ppmv. These were set to 0 ppmv.
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GNU Free Documentation License, version 1.2 or later
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Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported
351:, Version 1.2 or any later version published by the
90:
Commons is a freely licensed media file repository.
600:10.1130/1052-5173(2004)014<4:CAAPDO>2.0.CO;2
56:(586 × 409 pixels, file size: 62 KB, MIME type:
568:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
543:Gradstein, FM, JG Ogg and AG Smith (2005)
473:http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/
230:This figure shows estimates of the changes in
71:
583:as a primary driver of Phanerozoic climate".
386:
8:
479:Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0
429:– to copy, distribute and transmit the work
323:This image is an original work created for
1581:
1143:
979:
1459:Dwutlenek węgla w atmosferze młodej Ziemi
1291:The following other wikis use this file:
1236:Carbon dioxide in Earth's atmosphere
329:Carbon Dioxide.png image description page
132:. This has several advantages; see
1604:
1599:
1591:
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1434:Јаглерод диоксид во Земјината атмосфера
1339:Diskussion:Globale Erwärmung/Archiv/007
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261:). Customary labels for the periods of
1349:Kohlenstoffdioxid in der Erdatmosphäre
1329:Diskussion:Klimasensitivität/Archiv/1
1256:Talk:Climate change denial/Archive 31
7:
1334:Diskussion:Tim Patterson/Archiv/2009
408:Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported
363:http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/fdl.html
1364:Klimaren aldakortasuna eta aldaketa
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1271:User talk:Epipelagic/Archive 2009
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403:This file is licensed under the
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238:. Three estimates are based on
203:
46:No higher resolution available.
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629:concentrations to "present" CO
547:, Cambridge University Press
369:GNU Free Documentation License
358:GNU Free Documentation License
348:GNU Free Documentation License
280:and through interpretation of
193:
52:Phanerozoic_Carbon_Dioxide.png
26:
1:
320:Image from Global Warming Art
36:
995:Items portrayed in this file
311:This figure was prepared by
272:ratios in fossilized soils (
183:
1474:Геохимический цикл углерода
521:American Journal of Science
505:American Journal of Science
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1555:Usage on zh.wikipedia.org
1540:Usage on vi.wikipedia.org
1510:Usage on uk.wikipedia.org
1500:Usage on sh.wikipedia.org
1470:Usage on ru.wikipedia.org
1450:Usage on pl.wikipedia.org
1440:Usage on my.wikipedia.org
1430:Usage on mk.wikipedia.org
1420:Usage on lt.wikipedia.org
1410:Usage on ko.wikipedia.org
1400:Usage on kn.wikipedia.org
1390:Usage on hr.wikipedia.org
1380:Usage on he.wikipedia.org
1370:Usage on fa.wikipedia.org
1360:Usage on eu.wikipedia.org
1325:Usage on de.wikipedia.org
1315:Usage on da.wikipedia.org
1305:Usage on cs.wikipedia.org
1295:Usage on bs.wikipedia.org
1261:User:Dragons flight/Images
545:A geologic time scale 2004
454:same or compatible license
234:concentrations during the
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120:image could be re-created
1266:User:Mporter/Climate data
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661:This image is annotated:
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134:Commons:Media for cleanup
16:
1374:تغییرپذیری و تغییر اقلیم
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519:over Phanerozoic time".
353:Free Software Foundation
154:Vector version available
140:vector version available
77:This is a file from the
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1199:21:38, 25 February 2006
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81:. Information from its
327:. Please refer to the
265:appear at the bottom.
84:description page there
1585:Horizontal resolution
1514:Геохронологічна шкала
1281:Portal:Climate change
1216:Merikanto~commonswiki
1169:01:16, 26 August 2019
331:for more information.
240:geochemical modeling
160:) does not need the
1593:Vertical resolution
1534:Нортгриппський ярус
435:– to adapt the work
276:) or the shells of
1549:Liên đại Hiển sinh
1529:Гренландський ярус
1524:Мегхалейський ярус
1504:Paleoklimatologija
1394:Paleoklimatologija
1299:Paleoklimatologija
325:Global Warming Art
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1454:Paleoklimatologia
1344:Trias-Jura-Grenze
1287:Global file usage
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32:Global file usage
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313:Robert A. Rohde
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270:carbon isotopic
255:Error envelopes
253:of those data.
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92:You can help
82:
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22:File history
1033:copyrighted
720:w:Paleogene
655:Annotations
450:share alike
444:attribution
244:GEOCARB III
236:Phanerozoic
1564:地球大氣中的二氧化碳
1414:기후 변동 및 변화
1227:File usage
1208:584 × 407
1178:586 × 409
1154:Dimensions
1106:media type
963:w:Cambrian
909:w:Silurian
882:w:Devonian
801:w:Triassic
774:w:Jurassic
590:(3): 4-10.
558:0521786738
526:: 182-204.
510:: 397–437.
497:References
259:Quaternary
208:References
164:parameter.
27:File usage
1404:ವಿಶ್ವಕಿರಣ
1151:Thumbnail
1148:Date/Time
1121:image/png
828:w:Permian
693:w:Neogene
657:InfoField
585:GSA Today
410:license.
307:Copyright
297:carbonate
274:paleosols
198:Copyright
58:image/png
1596:37.8 dpc
1588:37.8 dpc
1572:Metadata
1384:גאוכימיה
976:Captions
533:Episodes
433:to remix
427:to share
291:inputs,
289:volcanic
282:stomatal
174:Contents
37:Metadata
1210:(31 KB)
1180:(62 KB)
1165:current
1160:Comment
1000:depicts
980:English
634:10-15%.
293:erosion
226:Summary
188:Summary
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1479:Миоцен
556:
538:: 3-5.
126:as an
122:using
617:Notes
218:Notes
118:graph
116:This
1559:温室气体
1157:User
552:ISBN
485:true
482:true
375:true
372:true
366:GFDL
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