174:
record. This approach was applied in this case by subtracting a quadratic polynomial fit to the short-term averages. As a result, it is not possible to draw any conclusion about very long-term (>200 Myr) changes in temperatures from this data alone. However, it is usually believed that temperatures during the present cold period and during the
Cretaceous thermal maximum are not greatly different from cold and hot periods during most of the rest the Phanerozoic. However, recently this has been disputed by Royer et al. (2004), who suggest that the highs and lows in the early part of the Phanerozoic were both significantly warmer than their recent counterparts.
43:
156:
228:
162:
permanent continental glaciation. As such, relative changes in oxygen isotope ratios can be interpreted as rough changes in climate. Quantitative conversion between these data and direct temperature changes is a complicated process subject to many systematic uncertainties, however it is estimated that each 1 part per thousand change in δ18O represents roughly a 1.5-2 °C change in tropical sea surface temperatures (Veizer et al. 2000).
234:
239:
99:
165:
Also shown on this figure are blue bars showing periods when geological criteria (Frakes et al. 1992) indicate cold temperatures and glaciation as reported by Veizer et al. (2000). The
Jurassic-Cretaceous period, plotted as a lighter blue bar, was intrepreted as a "cool" period on geological grounds,
161:
This figure shows the long-term evolution of oxygen isotope ratios during the
Phanerozoic eon as measured in fossils, reported by Veizer et al. (1999), and updated online in 2004. Such ratios reflect both the local temperature at the site of deposition and global changes associated with the extent of
173:
On geologic time scales, the largest shift in oxygen isotope ratios is due to the slow radiogenic evolution of the mantle. A variety of proposals exist for dealing with this, and are subject to a variety of systematic biases, but the most common approach is simply to suppress long-term trends in the
169:
All data presented here have been adjusted to 2004 ICS geologic timescale. The "short-term average" was constructed by applying a σ = 3 Myr
Gaussian weighted moving average to the original 16,692 reported measurements. The gray bar is the associated 95% statistical uncertainty in the moving average.
882:
852:
822:
280:– You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.
913:
205:
69:
65:
61:
73:
57:
53:
47:
110:
82:
766:
567:
497:
461:
954:
This file contains additional information, probably added from the digital camera or scanner used to create or digitize it.
287:
881:
876:
851:
846:
732:
695:
658:
621:
587:
551:
445:
417:
402:
389:
759:
517:
481:
362:
345:
155:
166:
but the configuration of continents at that time appears to have prevented the formation of large scale ice sheets.
424:
249:
957:
If the file has been modified from its original state, some details may not fully reflect the modified file.
909:
The following pages on the
English Knowledge (XXG) use this file (pages on other projects are not listed):
286:– If you remix, transform, or build upon the material, you must distribute your contributions under the
246:
892:
862:
832:
941:
118:
821:
816:
42:
409:
170:
The "long-term average" is a σ = 15 Myr
Gaussian average of the short-term record (see notes).
176:
Common symbols for geologic periods are plotted at the bottom of the figure for reference.
105:
221:
I, the copyright holder of this work, hereby publish it under the following license:
185:
931:
789:
Click on a date/time to view the file as it appeared at that time.
93:
498:
Creative
Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International
87:(SVG file, nominally 819 × 484 pixels, file size: 19 KB)
329:
Add a one-line explanation of what this file represents
942:
Jerin lokuta da abubuwan da suka faru a tarihin yanayi
137:
117:
Commons is a freely licensed media file repository.
297:https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
98:
914:List of periods and events in climate history
303:Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0
227:
8:
410:https://commons.wikimedia.org/user:Zieben007
263:– to copy, distribute and transmit the work
46:Size of this PNG preview of this SVG file:
959:
791:
325:
159:. See that file for references and notes.
924:The following other wikis use this file:
250:Attribution-Share Alike 4.0 International
748:97038fe499d2f1081de105c057a28148bdb3e4ec
969:
961:
911:
746:
730:
709:
693:
672:
656:
635:
619:
601:
585:
565:
549:
531:
515:
495:
479:
459:
443:
376:
360:
343:
340:
321:
314:
7:
899:User created page with UploadWizard
839:changed greek l.c. delta to outline
780:
238:
233:
952:
334:
328:
224:
220:
147:
130:
80:
333:
319:
274:Under the following conditions:
245:This file is licensed under the
237:
232:
226:
154:
97:
31:
21:
932:Paradoxe du jeune Soleil faible
316:
148:
14:
869:cropped extraneous blank space
315:
143:Phanerozoic Climate Change.svg
26:
1:
568:original creation by uploader
36:
341:Items portrayed in this file
991:
938:Usage on ha.wikipedia.org
928:Usage on fr.wikipedia.org
288:same or compatible license
781:
195:
16:
318:
254:
104:This is a file from the
898:
868:
838:
201:
191:
184:
181:
140:
108:. Information from its
111:description page there
760:determination method
70:2,560 × 1,513 pixels
269:– to adapt the work
52:Other resolutions:
877:23:52, 8 June 2017
847:23:53, 8 June 2017
817:23:56, 8 June 2017
418:Wikimedia username
390:author name string
66:1,280 × 756 pixels
62:1,024 × 605 pixels
978:
977:
920:Global file usage
902:
482:copyright license
327:
211:
210:
126:
125:
106:Wikimedia Commons
32:Global file usage
982:
960:
889:
859:
829:
769:
764:
714:
677:
640:
446:copyright status
427:
422:
412:
407:
397:
394:
310:
307:
304:
301:
298:
290:as the original.
247:Creative Commons
241:
240:
236:
235:
230:
229:
197:
187:
158:
152:
144:
138:
122:
101:
100:
94:
88:
77:
74:819 × 484 pixels
58:640 × 378 pixels
54:320 × 189 pixels
48:800 × 473 pixels
990:
989:
985:
984:
983:
981:
980:
979:
948:
918:
910:
903:
895:
887:
865:
857:
835:
827:
783:
782:
779:
778:
777:
776:
775:
774:
773:
772:
771:
770:
765:
762:
753:
752:
751:
749:
739:
738:
737:
735:
724:
723:
722:
721:
720:
719:
718:
717:
715:
712:
702:
701:
700:
698:
687:
686:
685:
684:
683:
682:
681:
680:
678:
675:
665:
664:
663:
661:
650:
649:
648:
647:
646:
645:
644:
643:
641:
638:
628:
627:
626:
624:
613:
612:
611:
610:
609:
608:
607:
606:
604:
594:
593:
592:
590:
579:
578:
577:
576:
575:
574:
573:
572:
570:
558:
557:
556:
554:
543:
542:
541:
540:
539:
538:
537:
536:
534:
524:
523:
522:
520:
509:
508:
507:
506:
505:
504:
503:
502:
500:
488:
487:
486:
484:
473:
472:
471:
470:
469:
468:
467:
466:
464:
452:
451:
450:
448:
437:
436:
435:
434:
433:
432:
431:
430:
429:
428:
423:
420:
414:
413:
408:
405:
399:
398:
395:
392:
383:
382:
381:
379:
369:
368:
367:
365:
354:
353:
352:
351:
350:
348:
332:
331:
330:
313:
312:
311:
308:
305:
302:
299:
296:
295:
253:
242:
223:
222:
217:
212:
177:
142:
135:
128:
127:
116:
115:
114:is shown below.
90:
86:
79:
78:
51:
12:
11:
5:
988:
986:
976:
975:
972:
968:
967:
964:
951:
947:
946:
945:
944:
936:
935:
934:
922:
921:
917:
916:
908:
907:
906:
901:
900:
897:
893:
890:
884:
879:
874:
871:
870:
867:
863:
860:
854:
849:
844:
841:
840:
837:
833:
830:
824:
819:
814:
810:
809:
806:
803:
800:
797:
794:
787:
786:
758:
757:
756:
755:
754:
750:
747:
745:
744:
743:
742:
741:
740:
736:
731:
729:
728:
727:
726:
725:
716:
710:
708:
707:
706:
705:
704:
703:
699:
694:
692:
691:
690:
689:
688:
679:
673:
671:
670:
669:
668:
667:
666:
662:
657:
655:
654:
653:
652:
651:
642:
636:
634:
633:
632:
631:
630:
629:
625:
620:
618:
617:
616:
615:
614:
605:
602:
600:
599:
598:
597:
596:
595:
591:
586:
584:
583:
582:
581:
580:
571:
566:
564:
563:
562:
561:
560:
559:
555:
552:source of file
550:
548:
547:
546:
545:
544:
535:
532:
530:
529:
528:
527:
526:
525:
521:
516:
514:
513:
512:
511:
510:
501:
496:
494:
493:
492:
491:
490:
489:
485:
480:
478:
477:
476:
475:
474:
465:
460:
458:
457:
456:
455:
454:
453:
449:
444:
442:
441:
440:
439:
438:
416:
415:
401:
400:
388:
387:
386:
385:
384:
380:
377:
375:
374:
373:
372:
371:
370:
366:
361:
359:
358:
357:
356:
355:
349:
344:
342:
339:
338:
337:
336:
335:
324:
323:
320:
317:
294:
293:
292:
291:
281:
272:
271:
270:
264:
257:You are free:
244:
243:
225:
219:
218:
216:
213:
209:
208:
203:
199:
198:
193:
189:
188:
183:
179:
178:
145:
136:
134:
131:
129:
124:
123:
102:
92:
91:
45:
41:
40:
39:
34:
29:
24:
19:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
987:
973:
970:
965:
962:
958:
955:
949:
943:
940:
939:
937:
933:
930:
929:
927:
926:
925:
919:
915:
912:
904:
896:
891:
885:
883:
880:
878:
875:
873:
872:
866:
861:
855:
853:
850:
848:
845:
843:
842:
836:
831:
825:
823:
820:
818:
815:
812:
811:
807:
804:
801:
798:
795:
793:
792:
790:
784:
768:
761:
734:
697:
660:
623:
603:image/svg+xml
589:
569:
553:
519:
499:
483:
463:
447:
426:
419:
411:
404:
391:
364:
347:
300:CC BY-SA 4.0
289:
285:
282:
279:
276:
275:
273:
268:
265:
262:
259:
258:
256:
255:
251:
248:
231:
214:
207:
204:
200:
194:
190:
180:
175:
171:
167:
163:
157:
151:
146:
139:
132:
120:
113:
112:
107:
103:
96:
95:
89:
84:
83:Original file
75:
71:
67:
63:
59:
55:
49:
44:
38:
35:
33:
30:
28:
25:
23:
20:
18:
15:
956:
953:
923:
886:1,024 × 768
788:
785:File history
283:
277:
266:
260:
172:
168:
164:
160:
149:
119:You can help
109:
81:
22:File history
533:8 June 2017
462:copyrighted
284:share alike
278:attribution
186:8 June 2017
141:Description
905:File usage
856:819 × 484
826:819 × 484
802:Dimensions
588:media type
378:some value
27:File usage
974:484.148px
966:818.928px
894:Zieben007
864:Zieben007
834:Zieben007
799:Thumbnail
796:Date/Time
622:data size
518:inception
425:Zieben007
396:Zieben007
215:Licensing
206:Zieben007
153:Based on
150:English:
950:Metadata
733:checksum
322:Captions
267:to remix
261:to share
252:license.
196:Own work
37:Metadata
888:(17 KB)
858:(17 KB)
828:(19 KB)
813:current
808:Comment
637:19,819
363:creator
346:depicts
326:English
133:Summary
85:
971:Height
659:height
202:Author
192:Source
963:Width
767:SHA-1
713:pixel
696:width
676:pixel
805:User
711:819
674:484
639:byte
309:true
306:true
182:Date
17:File
403:URL
763::
421::
406::
393::
72:|
68:|
64:|
60:|
56:|
50:.
121:.
76:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.