43:
149:
for mass-production, was called for. The answer was provided by Major SR Rice, of the Royal
Engineers, who reduced the concept of a blockhouse to a simple cylindrical drum topped by a corrugated iron roof and surrounded at its base by a circular wall of stones or sand-bags. The inner tower was created by placing two corrugated-iron water tanks of differing diameters, one within the other, and filling the space between them with stones and earth. The perimeter defences were often supplemented by trenches, but these were used more as shelters than firing positions. The final product may not have been as permanent as Wood’s design, but then it was not as expensive.
141:
their field forces into smaller groups of highly mobile horse commandos. The wide-open plains of the southern
African interior presented few obstacles to their movement and when Republican forces invaded the Cape for the second time, they were able to drive deep into British territory and hit with impunity at civilian targets, causing havoc to the Colony’s well-established civilian service infrastructure. In an attempt to limit these guerrilla tactics the British began to criss-cross the country with a series of barbed wire fences, which they hoped would hamper commando movement and eventually force their surrender.
227:
322:
1059:
233:
238:
1463:
103:
145:
to the west coast. In most cases these ran alongside existing railway lines, which made the task of patrolling them, and of servicing the needs of men on sentry duty, a relatively simple matter. The wire used varied from the simple, two-strand coil to the much-vaunted eight-stranded variety, which was reputed to be “uncuttable”.
140:
Although Wood’s design was excellent and did good service in guarding the railway links, it was too substantial and hence too expensive and time-consuming to build. These shortcomings became more evident after
January 1901 when the Dutch began to redefine the nature of the conflict and reconstituted
148:
Blockhouses formed an essential part of this policy, and it was planned to string out a series of these structures along the fences within sight of each other. The number involved was massive, and because the Wood prototype was too substantial for this use, a smaller, more affordable unit, suitable
144:
By the end of the war, in May 1902, the main lines of barbed wire stretched from Cape Town to
Mafeking, Port Elizabeth to De Aar, Naaupoort to Pietersburg, East London to Aliwal North, Rustenburg to Lourenco Marques, Durban to Mafeking, and from Hutchinson to Carnarvon, Calvinia, and thence through
136:
The design was developed by the army’s chief engineer in South Africa, General Sir Elliot Wood, who based it upon a similar pattern he had used in the Sudan during the 1880’s. Examples of this structure may still be found at
Wellington, Burgersdorp, Harrismith, Wolseley, Montagu, Prieska and
69:
65:
61:
57:
53:
47:
114:
82:
279:– You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.
137:
Laingsburg, while others are scattered about the
Magaliesberge and the foothills of the Khahlamba. A miniaturised version may also be found in the cemetery at Darling.
1462:
1457:
73:
42:
204:
1408:
1336:
1266:
1230:
1668:
1555:
This file contains additional information, probably added from the digital camera or scanner used to create or digitize it.
1372:
286:
1150:
1392:
1356:
1320:
1214:
1186:
1171:
1158:
1143:
1049:
329:
1286:
1250:
1116:
1099:
321:
316:
248:
1558:
If the file has been modified from its original state, some details may not fully reflect the modified file.
1178:
1494:
1490:
The following pages on the
English Knowledge (XXG) use this file (pages on other projects are not listed):
1716:
285:– If you remix, transform, or build upon the material, you must distribute your contributions under the
245:
1752:
122:
1473:
1889:
1637:
1567:
400:
1021:
1012:
1193:
1039:
1030:
1003:
841:
868:
490:
382:
364:
346:
184:
994:
985:
976:
967:
958:
949:
940:
931:
922:
913:
904:
895:
886:
877:
859:
850:
832:
823:
814:
805:
796:
787:
778:
769:
760:
751:
742:
733:
724:
715:
706:
697:
688:
679:
670:
661:
652:
643:
634:
625:
616:
607:
598:
589:
580:
571:
562:
553:
544:
535:
526:
517:
508:
499:
481:
472:
463:
454:
445:
436:
427:
418:
409:
391:
373:
355:
337:
1844:
1734:
1584:
109:
220:
I, the copyright holder of this work, hereby publish it under the following license:
1899:
1854:
1624:
1794:
1577:
163:
Wolseley
Blockhouses. 1901 during Anglo-Boer War. Wolseley, Western Cape. 02.jpg
1604:
1909:
1594:
1542:
1532:
1430:
Click on a date/time to view the file as it appeared at that time.
1522:
97:
1057:
401:
1083:
Add a one-line explanation of what this file represents
1022:
1013:
174:
Please provide a meaningful description of this file.
87:(3,072 × 4,608 pixels, file size: 7.45 MB, MIME type:
1512:
1040:
1031:
1004:
842:
1267:
Creative
Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported
157:
121:
Commons is a freely licensed media file repository.
869:
491:
383:
365:
347:
995:
986:
977:
968:
959:
950:
941:
932:
923:
914:
905:
896:
887:
878:
860:
851:
833:
824:
815:
806:
797:
788:
779:
770:
761:
752:
743:
734:
725:
716:
707:
698:
689:
680:
671:
662:
653:
644:
635:
626:
617:
608:
599:
590:
581:
572:
563:
554:
545:
536:
527:
518:
509:
500:
482:
473:
464:
455:
446:
437:
428:
419:
410:
392:
374:
356:
338:
296:https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0
102:
302:Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0
226:
8:
262:– to copy, distribute and transmit the work
1560:
1432:
1079:
1048:
1505:The following other wikis use this file:
1194:https://commons.wikimedia.org/User:A3alb
172:, and may be lacking other information.
1925:
1917:
1907:
1897:
1887:
1879:
1871:
1863:
1852:
1842:
1834:
1826:
1818:
1810:
1802:
1792:
1784:
1776:
1768:
1760:
1750:
1742:
1732:
1724:
1714:
1706:
1685:
1677:
1666:
1658:
1650:
1642:
1632:
1621:
1613:
1602:
1592:
1582:
1572:
1492:
1406:
1390:
1370:
1354:
1334:
1318:
1300:
1284:
1264:
1248:
1228:
1212:
1130:
1114:
1097:
1094:
1075:
1068:
1562:
7:
249:Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported
1480:User created page with UploadWizard
1421:
328:This image was uploaded as part of
237:
232:
1553:
1088:
1082:
327:
223:
219:
134:
80:
1087:
1615:Date and time of data generation
1073:
320:
273:Under the following conditions:
244:This file is licensed under the
236:
231:
225:
101:
31:
21:
1070:
14:
1069:
26:
1:
1823:A directly photographed image
1337:original creation by uploader
36:
1778:DateTimeDigitized subseconds
1144:object of statement has role
1095:Items portrayed in this file
1770:DateTimeOriginal subseconds
1679:Date and time of digitizing
1539:Usage on nso.wikipedia.org
1947:
1865:Focal length in 35 mm film
1807:One-chip color area sensor
1786:Supported Flashpix version
1529:Usage on nl.wikipedia.org
1519:Usage on it.wikipedia.org
1509:Usage on af.wikipedia.org
287:same or compatible license
1687:Meaning of each component
1644:File change date and time
1422:
1409:Wiki Loves Monuments 2014
330:Wiki Loves Monuments 2014
194:
16:
1072:
402:беларуская (тарашкевіца)
253:
167:
108:This is a file from the
1828:Custom image processing
1543:Wolseley, Kapa Bodikela
1479:
1458:12:32, 6 September 2014
200:
190:
183:
180:
160:
112:. Information from its
1919:Subject distance range
1708:Image compression mode
1533:Wolseley (Zuid-Afrika)
1495:Wolseley, South Africa
1062:
185:9 April 2012, 15:30:07
115:description page there
46:Size of this preview:
1726:Maximum land aperture
1061:
1815:Digital still camera
1523:Wolseley (Sudafrica)
74:3,072 × 4,608 pixels
70:1,365 × 2,048 pixels
1762:DateTime subseconds
1682:15:30, 9 April 2012
1652:Y and C positioning
1647:15:30, 9 April 2012
1618:15:30, 9 April 2012
1564:Camera manufacturer
978:oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча
843:português do Brasil
268:– to adapt the work
52:Other resolutions:
1873:Scene capture type
1849:Auto white balance
1757:Flash did not fire
1172:Wikimedia username
1159:author name string
1063:
66:682 × 1,024 pixels
1934:
1933:
1729:3.8 APEX (f/3.73)
1589:1/250 sec (0.004)
1568:NIKON CORPORATION
1501:Global file usage
1483:
1251:copyright license
1081:
1067:
1066:
1052:
210:
209:
168:This file has no
130:
129:
110:Wikimedia Commons
32:Global file usage
1938:
1660:Exposure Program
1561:
1470:
1215:copyright status
1196:
1191:
1181:
1176:
1166:
1163:
1153:
1148:
1060:
1053:
654:Bahasa Indonesia
324:
317:
309:
306:
303:
300:
297:
289:as the original.
246:Creative Commons
240:
239:
235:
234:
229:
228:
196:
186:
164:
158:
126:
105:
104:
98:
92:
90:
77:
62:512 × 768 pixels
58:320 × 480 pixels
54:160 × 240 pixels
48:400 × 600 pixels
1946:
1945:
1941:
1940:
1939:
1937:
1936:
1935:
1927:GPS tag version
1549:
1499:
1491:
1484:
1476:
1468:
1424:
1423:
1420:
1419:
1418:
1417:
1416:
1415:
1414:
1413:
1411:
1399:
1398:
1397:
1395:
1384:
1383:
1382:
1381:
1380:
1379:
1378:
1377:
1375:
1363:
1362:
1361:
1359:
1348:
1347:
1346:
1345:
1344:
1343:
1342:
1341:
1339:
1327:
1326:
1325:
1323:
1312:
1311:
1310:
1309:
1308:
1307:
1306:
1305:
1303:
1293:
1292:
1291:
1289:
1278:
1277:
1276:
1275:
1274:
1273:
1272:
1271:
1269:
1257:
1256:
1255:
1253:
1242:
1241:
1240:
1239:
1238:
1237:
1236:
1235:
1233:
1221:
1220:
1219:
1217:
1206:
1205:
1204:
1203:
1202:
1201:
1200:
1199:
1198:
1197:
1192:
1189:
1183:
1182:
1177:
1174:
1168:
1167:
1164:
1161:
1155:
1154:
1149:
1146:
1137:
1136:
1135:
1133:
1123:
1122:
1121:
1119:
1108:
1107:
1106:
1105:
1104:
1102:
1086:
1085:
1084:
1058:
1042:
1033:
1024:
1015:
1006:
997:
988:
979:
970:
961:
952:
943:
934:
925:
916:
915:српски / srpski
907:
898:
889:
880:
879:davvisámegiella
871:
862:
853:
844:
835:
826:
817:
808:
799:
790:
781:
772:
763:
754:
745:
736:
727:
718:
709:
700:
691:
682:
673:
664:
655:
646:
637:
628:
619:
610:
601:
592:
583:
574:
565:
556:
547:
538:
529:
520:
511:
502:
493:
484:
475:
466:
457:
448:
439:
430:
421:
412:
403:
394:
385:
376:
367:
358:
349:
340:
336:
333:
312:
311:
310:
307:
304:
301:
298:
295:
294:
252:
241:
222:
221:
216:
211:
176:
162:
155:
132:
131:
120:
119:
118:is shown below.
94:
88:
86:
79:
78:
51:
12:
11:
5:
1944:
1942:
1932:
1931:
1928:
1924:
1923:
1920:
1916:
1915:
1912:
1906:
1905:
1902:
1896:
1895:
1892:
1886:
1885:
1882:
1878:
1877:
1874:
1870:
1869:
1866:
1862:
1861:
1858:
1851:
1850:
1847:
1841:
1840:
1837:
1833:
1832:
1831:Normal process
1829:
1825:
1824:
1821:
1817:
1816:
1813:
1809:
1808:
1805:
1804:Sensing method
1801:
1800:
1797:
1791:
1790:
1787:
1783:
1782:
1779:
1775:
1774:
1771:
1767:
1766:
1763:
1759:
1758:
1755:
1749:
1748:
1745:
1741:
1740:
1737:
1731:
1730:
1727:
1723:
1722:
1719:
1713:
1712:
1709:
1705:
1704:
1703:
1702:
1701:does not exist
1699:
1696:
1693:
1688:
1684:
1683:
1680:
1676:
1675:
1672:
1665:
1664:
1663:Normal program
1661:
1657:
1656:
1653:
1649:
1648:
1645:
1641:
1640:
1635:
1631:
1630:
1627:
1620:
1619:
1616:
1612:
1611:
1608:
1601:
1600:
1597:
1591:
1590:
1587:
1581:
1580:
1575:
1571:
1570:
1565:
1552:
1548:
1547:
1546:
1545:
1537:
1536:
1535:
1527:
1526:
1525:
1517:
1516:
1515:
1503:
1502:
1498:
1497:
1489:
1488:
1487:
1482:
1481:
1478:
1474:
1471:
1467:3,072 × 4,608
1465:
1460:
1455:
1451:
1450:
1447:
1444:
1441:
1438:
1435:
1428:
1427:
1412:
1407:
1405:
1404:
1403:
1402:
1401:
1400:
1396:
1393:participant in
1391:
1389:
1388:
1387:
1386:
1385:
1376:
1371:
1369:
1368:
1367:
1366:
1365:
1364:
1360:
1355:
1353:
1352:
1351:
1350:
1349:
1340:
1335:
1333:
1332:
1331:
1330:
1329:
1328:
1324:
1321:source of file
1319:
1317:
1316:
1315:
1314:
1313:
1304:
1301:
1299:
1298:
1297:
1296:
1295:
1294:
1290:
1285:
1283:
1282:
1281:
1280:
1279:
1270:
1265:
1263:
1262:
1261:
1260:
1259:
1258:
1254:
1249:
1247:
1246:
1245:
1244:
1243:
1234:
1229:
1227:
1226:
1225:
1224:
1223:
1222:
1218:
1213:
1211:
1210:
1209:
1208:
1207:
1185:
1184:
1170:
1169:
1157:
1156:
1142:
1141:
1140:
1139:
1138:
1134:
1131:
1129:
1128:
1127:
1126:
1125:
1124:
1120:
1115:
1113:
1112:
1111:
1110:
1109:
1103:
1098:
1096:
1093:
1092:
1091:
1090:
1089:
1078:
1077:
1074:
1071:
1065:
1064:
1055:
717:Lëtzebuergesch
325:
293:
292:
291:
290:
280:
271:
270:
269:
263:
256:You are free:
243:
242:
224:
218:
217:
215:
212:
208:
207:
202:
198:
197:
192:
188:
187:
182:
178:
177:
165:
156:
154:
151:
133:
128:
127:
106:
96:
95:
45:
41:
40:
39:
34:
29:
24:
19:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1943:
1929:
1926:
1921:
1918:
1913:
1911:
1908:
1903:
1901:
1898:
1893:
1891:
1888:
1883:
1881:Scene control
1880:
1875:
1872:
1867:
1864:
1859:
1856:
1853:
1848:
1846:
1845:White balance
1843:
1839:Auto exposure
1838:
1836:Exposure mode
1835:
1830:
1827:
1822:
1819:
1814:
1811:
1806:
1803:
1798:
1796:
1793:
1788:
1785:
1780:
1777:
1772:
1769:
1764:
1761:
1756:
1754:
1751:
1746:
1743:
1738:
1736:
1735:Metering mode
1733:
1728:
1725:
1720:
1718:
1717:Exposure bias
1715:
1710:
1707:
1700:
1697:
1694:
1691:
1690:
1689:
1686:
1681:
1678:
1673:
1670:
1667:
1662:
1659:
1654:
1651:
1646:
1643:
1639:
1636:
1634:Software used
1633:
1628:
1626:
1622:
1617:
1614:
1609:
1606:
1603:
1598:
1596:
1593:
1588:
1586:
1585:Exposure time
1583:
1579:
1576:
1573:
1569:
1566:
1563:
1559:
1556:
1550:
1544:
1541:
1540:
1538:
1534:
1531:
1530:
1528:
1524:
1521:
1520:
1518:
1514:
1511:
1510:
1508:
1507:
1506:
1500:
1496:
1493:
1485:
1477:
1472:
1466:
1464:
1461:
1459:
1456:
1453:
1452:
1448:
1445:
1442:
1439:
1436:
1434:
1433:
1431:
1425:
1410:
1394:
1374:
1358:
1357:captured with
1338:
1322:
1288:
1268:
1252:
1232:
1216:
1195:
1188:
1180:
1173:
1160:
1152:
1145:
1118:
1101:
1056:
1054:
1051:
1047:
1043:
1038:
1034:
1029:
1025:
1020:
1016:
1011:
1007:
1002:
998:
993:
989:
984:
980:
975:
971:
966:
962:
957:
953:
948:
944:
939:
935:
930:
926:
921:
917:
912:
908:
903:
899:
894:
890:
885:
881:
876:
872:
867:
863:
858:
854:
849:
845:
840:
836:
831:
827:
822:
818:
813:
809:
807:norsk nynorsk
804:
800:
795:
791:
786:
782:
777:
773:
768:
764:
762:Bahasa Melayu
759:
755:
750:
746:
741:
737:
732:
728:
723:
719:
714:
710:
705:
701:
696:
692:
687:
683:
678:
674:
669:
665:
660:
656:
651:
647:
642:
638:
633:
629:
624:
620:
615:
611:
606:
602:
597:
593:
588:
584:
579:
575:
570:
566:
561:
557:
552:
548:
543:
539:
534:
530:
525:
521:
516:
512:
507:
503:
498:
494:
489:
485:
480:
476:
471:
467:
462:
458:
453:
449:
444:
440:
435:
431:
426:
422:
417:
413:
408:
404:
399:
395:
390:
386:
384:Bikol Central
381:
377:
372:
368:
363:
359:
354:
350:
345:
341:
334:
331:
326:
323:
319:
318:
315:
314:
299:CC BY-SA 3.0
288:
284:
281:
278:
275:
274:
272:
267:
264:
261:
258:
257:
255:
254:
250:
247:
230:
213:
206:
203:
199:
193:
189:
179:
175:
171:
166:
159:
152:
150:
146:
142:
138:
124:
117:
116:
111:
107:
100:
99:
93:
84:
83:Original file
75:
71:
67:
63:
59:
55:
49:
44:
38:
35:
33:
30:
28:
25:
23:
20:
18:
15:
1855:Digital zoom
1744:Light source
1625:focal length
1574:Camera model
1557:
1554:
1504:
1429:
1426:File history
1302:9 April 2012
1151:photographer
1045:
1036:
1027:
1018:
1009:
1000:
991:
982:
973:
964:
955:
946:
937:
928:
919:
910:
901:
892:
883:
874:
865:
856:
847:
838:
829:
820:
811:
802:
793:
784:
780:norsk bokmål
775:
766:
757:
748:
739:
730:
721:
712:
703:
694:
685:
676:
667:
658:
649:
640:
631:
622:
613:
604:
595:
586:
577:
568:
559:
550:
541:
532:
523:
514:
505:
496:
487:
478:
469:
460:
451:
442:
433:
424:
415:
406:
397:
388:
379:
375:azərbaycanca
370:
361:
352:
343:
335:
313:
282:
276:
265:
259:
173:
169:
147:
143:
139:
135:
123:You can help
113:
81:
22:File history
1812:File source
1795:Color space
1578:NIKON D3100
1373:Nikon D3100
1231:copyrighted
897:slovenščina
348:Alemannisch
283:share alike
277:attribution
170:description
161:Description
1900:Saturation
1820:Scene type
1486:File usage
1443:Dimensions
1132:some value
960:українська
888:slovenčina
798:Nederlands
744:македонски
393:беларуская
89:image/jpeg
27:File usage
1910:Sharpness
1638:Ver.1.00
1605:ISO speed
1469:(7.45 MB)
1440:Thumbnail
1437:Date/Time
1287:inception
870:sicilianu
834:português
519:Esperanto
429:brezhoneg
411:български
339:Afrikaans
214:Licensing
1890:Contrast
1876:Standard
1655:Co-sited
1595:F-number
1551:Metadata
1513:Wolseley
1076:Captions
1005:中文(中国大陆)
735:Malagasy
726:latviešu
708:кыргызча
672:italiano
627:hrvatski
573:français
501:Ελληνικά
438:bosanski
366:جازايرية
266:to remix
260:to share
251:license.
195:Own work
37:Metadata
1930:0.0.2.2
1922:Unknown
1747:Unknown
1739:Pattern
1671:version
1454:current
1449:Comment
1117:creator
1100:depicts
1080:English
942:Tagalog
924:svenska
861:русский
690:ქართული
645:հայերեն
591:Gaeilge
546:euskara
528:español
510:English
483:Deutsch
465:Cymraeg
456:čeština
357:العربية
153:Summary
85:
1914:Normal
1904:Normal
1894:Normal
1607:rating
1044:
1041:中文(臺灣)
1035:
1032:中文(香港)
1026:
1023:中文(繁體)
1017:
1014:中文(简体)
1008:
999:
990:
987:Yorùbá
981:
972:
963:
954:
951:Türkçe
945:
936:
927:
918:
909:
900:
891:
882:
873:
864:
855:
852:română
846:
837:
828:
825:polski
819:
810:
801:
792:
789:नेपाली
783:
774:
765:
756:
753:മലയാളം
747:
738:
729:
720:
711:
702:
693:
684:
675:
666:
657:
648:
639:
636:magyar
630:
621:
618:हिन्दी
612:
603:
600:galego
594:
585:
576:
567:
558:
549:
540:
531:
522:
513:
504:
495:
492:Zazaki
486:
477:
468:
459:
450:
447:català
441:
432:
423:
414:
405:
396:
387:
378:
369:
360:
351:
342:
201:Author
191:Source
1868:30 mm
1857:ratio
1753:Flash
1629:20 mm
1623:Lens
1475:A3alb
1179:A3alb
1165:A3alb
906:shqip
816:norsk
771:Malti
609:עברית
582:Frysk
564:suomi
555:فارسی
537:eesti
474:dansk
420:বাংলা
205:A3alb
1884:None
1799:sRGB
1674:2.21
1669:Exif
1446:User
969:اردو
308:true
305:true
181:Date
17:File
1610:100
1599:f/8
1187:URL
1050:+/−
933:ไทย
699:한국어
681:日本語
663:Ido
1781:40
1773:40
1765:40
1698:Cr
1695:Cb
1190::
1175::
1162::
1147::
996:中文
332:.
72:|
68:|
64:|
60:|
56:|
50:.
1860:1
1789:1
1721:0
1711:4
1692:Y
1046:∙
1037:∙
1028:∙
1019:∙
1010:∙
1001:∙
992:∙
983:∙
974:∙
965:∙
956:∙
947:∙
938:∙
929:∙
920:∙
911:∙
902:∙
893:∙
884:∙
875:∙
866:∙
857:∙
848:∙
839:∙
830:∙
821:∙
812:∙
803:∙
794:∙
785:∙
776:∙
767:∙
758:∙
749:∙
740:∙
731:∙
722:∙
713:∙
704:∙
695:∙
686:∙
677:∙
668:∙
659:∙
650:∙
641:∙
632:∙
623:∙
614:∙
605:∙
596:∙
587:∙
578:∙
569:∙
560:∙
551:∙
542:∙
533:∙
524:∙
515:∙
506:∙
497:∙
488:∙
479:∙
470:∙
461:∙
452:∙
443:∙
434:∙
425:∙
416:∙
407:∙
398:∙
389:∙
380:∙
371:∙
362:∙
353:∙
344:∙
125:.
91:)
76:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.