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the trees are consid- erably smaller, comparatively few of them reaching a height of more than 60 feeet. During our descent of the
Taltson River the white spruces first appeared noticeably larger between Twin Gorges and Tsu Lake, and continued to show some increase in size as we proceeded to the mouth of the river. Picea mariana (Mill.) BSP. Black Spruce (Fig. 3).—This species was found in muskegs along the Athabaska River, from Middle Rapid to the vicinity of McKay. Along our route from Lake Athabaska to Tazin Lake, and thence down the Tazin River to its junction with the Taltson, the black spruce was quite common. Though its usual habitat is in muskegs, it was frequently found here on very dry, rocky hills, where lichens thickly covered the ground. On some of the hills along the river below Nolan Falls it was so abun- dant as practically to replace the jack pine. In several places along the trail from Fort Smith into the Wood Buffalo range, I noticed this species growing in muskegs. The black spruce generally has a scraggly, bushy top that serves to distinguish it at a dis- tance from the more symmetrical white spruce. Abies balsamea (L.) Mill. Balsam Fir.—^This beautiful conifer was found rather commonly along the Athabaska River, from Calling River to within 40 miles of Lake Athabaska. Juniperus communis L. var. depressa Pursh. Low Juniper.—Chipewyan, June 10; Grand Rapids, October 1. Also noted along the lower Athabaska River, at Thluicho Lake, Hill Island Lake, Soulier Lake, Taltson River near junction with Tazin River, and mouth of Taltson River. Juniperus horizontalis Moench. Creeping Juniper.—'Chipewyan, June 10. Also noted along Tazin River at Tthikethe Gorge, at mouth of Taltson River, and along Salt River and one of its brackish tributaries. Typha latifolia L. Cat-tail.—Noted in a muskeg pond near Athabaska River 10 miles below McMurray; at mouth of Taltson River; on Slave
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May, 1931) The
Canadian Fibld-Naturaust 99 on the river steamers. In time, with the im- provement of transportation facilities in the region, it will probably be exploited as a source of supply for the pulp and paper industries, as suggested by Macoun and Malte (1917, p. 4). In the Tazin Highlands
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Junction of the Tazin and
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