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Earthquakes generate four types of shock waves: P-waves, S-waves, Love waves, and
Rayleigh waves. P-waves and S-waves are body waves - they travel through solid rocks. Love waves and Rayleigh waves travel only at the surface - they are surface waves. P-waves are push-pull waves that travel quickly
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and cause little damage. S-waves are up-and-down waves (like flicking a rope) that travel slowly and cause significant damage. Love waves are side-to-side surface waves, like a slithering snake. Rayleigh waves are rotational surface waves, somewhat like ripples from tossing a pebble into a pond.
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An earthquake is a natural shaking or vibrating of the Earth caused by sudden fault movement and a rapid release of energy. Earthquake activity is called "seismicity". The study of earthquakes is called "seismology". The actual underground location of an earthquake is the hypocenter, or focus.
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This seismogram is from the Ankara seismic station in Turkey. The noise is from a magnitude 7.5 earthquake that hit southern Turkey at 12:24 PM, local time, on 6 February 2023. The epicenter was over 4 kilometers south-southeast of the town of
Ekinozu, Turkey. Shaking resulted from left-lateral
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Most earthquakes occur at or near tectonic plate boundaries, such as subduction zones, mid-ocean ridges, collision zones, and transform plate boundaries. They also occur at hotspots - large subsurface mantle plumes (Examples: Hawaii, Yellowstone, Iceland, Afar).
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The site at the Earth's surface, directly above the hypocenter, is the epicenter. Minor earthquakes may occur before a major event - such small quakes are called foreshocks. Minor to major quakes after a major event are aftershocks.
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Some famous major earthquakes in history include: Shensi, China in 1556; Lisbon, Portugal in 1755; New Madrid, Missouri in 1811-1812; San
Francisco, California in 1906; Anchorage, Alaska in 1964; and Loma Prieta, California in
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strike-slip movement along an east-west trending fault zone. This was an aftershock to a 7.8 quake over nine hours earlier, and the fifth magnitude 7+ earthquake of 2023. The quake occurred during a Moon-Earth-Sun alignment.
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Earthquakes are associated with many specific hazards, such as ground shaking, ground rupturing, subsidence (sinking), uplift (rising), tsunamis, landslides, fires, and liquefaction.
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Uploaded a work by James St. John from https://www.flickr.com/photos/jsjgeology/52672742354/ with UploadWizard
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Info. at: earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us6000jlqa/exec...
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and was confirmed to be licensed under the terms of the cc-by-2.0.
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Turkey magnitude 7.5 earthquake (12-24 PM, 6 February 2023).png
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685:Землетрясение в Турции и Сирии (2023)
585:Terremotos de Turquía y Siria de 2023
575:Төркиәлә һәм Сүриәлә ер тетрәү (2023)
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288:This image was originally posted to
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635:Túrkiya—Siriya jer silkiniwi (2023)
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595:2023. aasta Türgi-Süüria maavärin
565:Türkiyə–Suriya zəlzələləri (2023)
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537:2023 Turkey–Syria earthquakes
645:Erdheja Gurgum û Dîlokê 2023
625:Gempa bumi Turki–Suriah 2023
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