993:
write to newly created files in normal directories because such files are assigned to the creating user's private group. However, when sharing files is desirable, the administrator can create a group containing the desired users, create a group-writable directory assigned to the new group, and, most importantly, make the directory setgid. Making it setgid will cause files created in it to be assigned to the same group as the directory and the 002 umask (enabled by using user private groups) will ensure that other members of the group will be able to write to those files.
698:) is modified. Though these attributes affect the overall file, not only users in one class, the setuid attribute modifies the executable character in the triad for the user, the setgid attribute modifies the executable character in the triad for the group and the sticky or text attribute modifies the executable character in the triad for others. For the setuid or setgid attributes, in the first or second triad, the
345:
systems typically employ three additional modes. These are actually attributes but are referred to as permissions or modes. These special modes are for a file or directory overall, not by a class, though in the symbolic notation (see below) the setuid bit is set in the triad for the user, the setgid
992:
Some systems diverge from the traditional POSIX model of users and groups by creating a new group – a "user private group" – for each user. Assuming that each user is the only member of its user private group, this scheme allows an umask of 002 to be used without allowing other users to
385:
given to the group class. When setgid is applied to a directory, new files and directories created under that directory will inherit their group from that directory. (Default behaviour is to use the primary group of the effective user when setting the group of new files and directories, except on
87:
uses a permission scheme similar to that of Unix. There are four categories (system, owner, group, and world) and four types of access permissions (Read, Write, Execute and Delete). The categories are not mutually disjoint: World includes Group, which in turn includes Owner. The System category
274:
are determined based on the first class the user falls within in the order of user, group then others. For example, the user who is the owner of the file will have the permissions given to the user class regardless of the permissions assigned to the group class or others class.
170:
supports a permissions system relatively advanced for a single-user OS. In AmigaOS 1.x, files had
Archive, Read, Write, Execute and Delete (collectively known as ARWED) permissions/flags. In AmigaOS 2.x and higher, additional Hold, Script, and Pure permissions/flags were added.
772:. This notation consists of at least three digits. Each of the three rightmost digits represents a different component of the permissions: owner, group, and others. (If a fourth digit is present, the leftmost (high-order) digit addresses three additional attributes, the
415:). On a directory, the sticky permission prevents users from renaming, moving or deleting contained files owned by users other than themselves, even if they have write permission to the directory. Only the directory owner and superuser are exempt from this.
333:
When a permission is not set, the corresponding rights are denied. Unlike ACL-based systems, permissions on Unix-like systems are not inherited. Files created within a directory do not necessarily have the same permissions as that directory.
305:
permission grants the ability to modify a file. When set for a directory, this permission grants the ability to modify entries in the directory, which includes creating files, deleting files, and renaming files. This requires that
317:
permission grants the ability to execute a file. This permission must be set for executable programs, in order to allow the operating system to run them. When set for a directory, the execute permission is interpreted as the
1281:
569:
and is not related to permissions. The remaining nine characters are in three sets, each representing a class of permissions as three characters. The first set represents the
737:: a file whose user class has read, write and execute permissions; whose group class has read permission; whose others class has read and execute permissions; and which has
407:
to retain the resulting process image in memory beyond termination; however, such use of the sticky bit is now restricted to only a minority of unix-like operating systems (
811:
These values never produce ambiguous combinations; each sum represents a specific set of permissions. More technically, this is an octal representation of a
40:
the contents of the file system. In some cases, menu options or functions may be made visible or hidden depending on a user's permission level; this kind of
815:– each bit references a separate permission, and grouping 3 bits at a time in octal corresponds to grouping these permissions by user, group, and others.
1074:
322:
permission: it grants the ability to access file contents and meta-information if its name is known, but not list files inside the directory, unless
1330:
632:: a character special file whose user and group classes have the read and write permissions and whose others class has only the read permission.
330:
The effect of setting the permissions on a directory, rather than a file, is "one of the most frequently misunderstood file permission issues".
1765:
1740:
298:
of files in the directory, but not to find out any further information about them such as contents, file type, size, ownership, permissions.
1251:
1172:
2997:
2472:
152:
and other file systems many of which include POSIX.1e ACLs. There is experimental support for NFSv4 ACLs for ext3 and ext4 filesystems.
2987:
2158:
1967:
116:
recommends using only traditional Unix permissions if possible. macOS also still supports the
Classic Mac OS's "Protected" attribute.
626:: a regular file whose user class has full permissions and whose group and others classes have only the read and execute permissions.
2609:
3044:
2275:
1997:
1957:
1496:
91:
45:
112:. Beginning with version 10.4 ("Tiger"), it also supports the use of NFSv4 ACLs in addition to POSIX-compliant permissions. The
2054:
1539:
1302:
2992:
2408:
1982:
1323:
638:: a directory whose user class has read and execute permissions and whose group and others classes have no permissions.
294:
permission grants the ability to read a file. When set for a directory, this permission grants the ability to read the
2913:
2761:
2693:
1987:
1794:
1673:
1472:
1212:
2798:
2788:
2778:
2170:
1760:
1733:
1382:
1020:
119:
1680:
1116:
404:
193:
2863:
2716:
2619:
2564:
2439:
2295:
2064:
1484:
665:
242:
1155:
1078:
36:
include attributes of files and directories that control the ability of users to read, change, navigate, and
2962:
2900:
2599:
2589:
2044:
1392:
1377:
1316:
1025:
382:
1186:
2808:
2773:
2711:
2190:
2010:
1874:
1804:
1040:
361:
260:
Distinct permissions apply to members of the file's group. The owner may be a member of the file's group.
196:) and Core File Kit API capability-based with granular permission management with exception to openEuler.
2944:
2853:
2803:
2746:
2492:
2462:
2413:
2365:
2265:
2238:
2115:
2005:
1918:
1809:
1726:
1512:
794:
192:
server OS natively uses its
Harmony Distributed File System (HMDFS) that supports access token manager (
68:
37:
3018:
2979:
2793:
2523:
2512:
2487:
2424:
2128:
1945:
1935:
1891:
1856:
1700:
1615:
1549:
1372:
360:, or SUID mode. When a file with setuid is executed, the resulting process will assume the effective
3023:
2969:
2908:
2497:
2165:
2106:
2022:
1589:
1579:
1529:
214:
file systems are defined in the POSIX.1-2017 standard, which uses three scopes or classes known as
56:
3013:
2875:
2838:
2751:
2477:
2467:
2452:
2393:
2223:
1886:
1879:
1866:
1819:
1584:
1574:
1467:
364:
given to the owner class. This enables users to be treated temporarily as root (or another user).
1259:
386:
BSD-derived systems which behave as though the setgid bit is always set on all directories (see
403:
mode). The classical behaviour of the sticky bit on executable files has been to encourage the
2828:
2768:
2604:
2290:
2260:
2252:
2121:
2017:
1992:
1814:
1707:
1460:
2848:
2756:
2554:
2204:
2148:
1837:
1663:
1556:
1544:
1522:
1387:
1237:
1099:
1060:
253:
123:
1282:"Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7 System Administrator's Guide, 4.3.4 Creating Group Directories"
2957:
2870:
2378:
1772:
1653:
1605:
566:
205:
650:+ (plus) suffix indicates an access control list that can control additional permissions.
346:
bit is set in the triad for the group and the sticky bit is set in the triad for others.
2858:
2843:
2783:
1961:
1832:
1620:
1566:
1479:
1429:
1424:
182:
99:
41:
17:
981:
owner can read, write, & execute; group can only read; others have no permissions
3038:
2888:
2833:
2507:
2447:
2306:
1690:
1632:
1625:
1455:
1339:
238:
2952:
2660:
2248:
2215:
2153:
2133:
1695:
1668:
1658:
1450:
1404:
444:
Unix permissions are represented either in symbolic notation or in octal notation.
584:
Each of the three characters represent the read, write, and execute permissions:
2650:
1749:
1534:
1419:
1409:
1367:
1353:
174:
33:
797:. As a result, specific bits add to the sum as it is represented by a numeral:
2928:
2726:
1517:
786:
751:
686:
543:
395:
78:
1005:
or chflags: change attributes or flags including those which restrict access.
310:
is also set; without it, the write permission is meaningless for directories.
2883:
2624:
2502:
2233:
2101:
2096:
1610:
1491:
1414:
1362:
1357:
812:
342:
283:
211:
178:
263:
Users who are not the owner, nor a member of the group, comprise a file's
2701:
2645:
2614:
2403:
2228:
2084:
1977:
1930:
1824:
1445:
1399:
412:
167:
161:
95:
81:
and its derivatives, use ACLs to provide a complex set of permissions.
2655:
2629:
2456:
2089:
2059:
1950:
1906:
654:
286:
systems implement three specific permissions that apply to each class:
189:
164:
implements file security using RACF (Resource Access
Control Facility)
155:
114:
Apple Mac OS X Server version 10.4+ File
Services Administration Manual
84:
1120:
2665:
2574:
2569:
2373:
2074:
1648:
1141:
1014:
1002:
780:
774:
745:
739:
680:
674:
539:
535:
387:
369:
352:
177:
operating system alongside its client side ecosystem in Oniro OS and
108:
uses POSIX-compliant permissions, and supports them in both HFS+ and
2923:
2721:
2706:
2683:
2678:
2673:
2584:
2579:
2517:
2398:
2351:
2346:
2339:
2334:
2329:
2324:
2280:
2270:
2175:
2143:
2037:
2032:
2027:
1923:
1851:
1799:
1035:
1030:
1008:
765:
408:
227:
186:
149:
133:
105:
52:
1308:
1240:, "Hacking Linux Exposed", April 24, 2003, accessed July 6, 2011.
338:
Changing permission behavior with setuid, setgid, and sticky bits
2594:
2559:
2549:
2544:
2482:
2418:
2388:
2383:
2319:
2314:
2285:
2194:
2185:
2138:
2079:
2049:
1940:
1911:
1901:
1896:
1861:
1843:
145:
141:
137:
109:
74:
1722:
1718:
1312:
1258:. Institute for Advanced Study Network Security. Archived from
226:. When a file is created its permissions are restricted by the
2200:
2180:
2069:
1971:
158:
supports POSIX.1e ACLs on UFS, and NFSv4 ACLs on UFS and ZFS.
127:
793:
Each of these digits is the sum of its component bits in the
714:. For the sticky or text attribute, in the third triad, the
657:
context is present. Details may be listed with the command
71:
file system has a per-file all-user read-only attribute.
122:
ACL support depends on the filesystem being used; older
890:
read, write, & execute for owner, group and others
764:
Another method for representing Unix permissions is an
804:
The write bit adds 2 to its total (in binary 010), and
619:
The following are some examples of symbolic notation:
431:, due to the fact that they each occupy only one bit.
1187:"HarmonyOS Distributed File System Development Guide"
1011:: change mode (permissions) on Unix-like file systems
642:
In some permission systems additional symbols in the
245:
are owned by a user. The owner determines the file's
807:
The execute bit adds 1 to its total (in binary 001).
3006:
2978:
2943:
2899:
2817:
2739:
2692:
2638:
2533:
2438:
2364:
2304:
2247:
2214:
1781:
1641:
1598:
1565:
1505:
1438:
1346:
381:is executed, the resulting process will assume the
59:(ACLs) which are capable of more specific control.
1303:The Linux Cookbook: Groups and How to Work in Them
646:display represent additional permission features:
801:The read bit adds 4 to its total (in binary 100),
1252:"The How and Why of User Private Groups in Unix"
877:read, write, & execute for owner and group
419:These additional modes are also referred to as
102:operating systems, do not support permissions.
51:Two types of permissions are widely available:
1734:
1324:
447:The most common form, as used by the command
8:
555:: setuid/setgid or sticky (not executable)
249:. Distinct permissions apply to the owner.
2821:
2537:
2301:
1787:
1741:
1727:
1719:
1331:
1317:
1309:
864:read, write, & execute only for owner
457:
1213:"Definitions, 3.175 File Permission Bits"
1100:"Oracle Solaris ZFS Administration Guide"
126:filesystem supports POSIX.1e ACLs, while
824:
435:Notation of traditional Unix permissions
267:. Distinct permissions apply to others.
1052:
377:, or SGID permission. When a file with
1238:"Linux File Permission Confusion pt 2"
819:
690:attributes, the executable character (
206:Unix file types § Representations
1193:. LivingInHarmony Blog. 13 March 2024
1021:Comparison of file systems § Metadata
577:class. The third set represents the
573:class. The second set represents the
252:Files and directories are assigned a
88:independently includes system users.
7:
25:
822:section given in octal notation:
818:These are the examples from the
230:of the process that created it.
168:The AmigaOS Filesystem, AmigaDOS
29:Allowed actions in file systems
1497:Hidden file / Hidden directory
768:(base-8) notation as shown by
479:what the group members can do
1:
1540:Filesystem Hierarchy Standard
1063:. Microsoft. 9 December 2009.
1061:"File and Folder Permissions"
1117:"Native NFSv4 ACLs on Linux"
653:. (dot) suffix indicates an
55:file system permissions and
2914:Filesystem-level encryption
1674:Comparison of file managers
1473:List of filename extensions
1156:"FreeNAS 9.1.1 Users Guide"
1142:"NFSv4_ACLs – FreeBSD Wiki"
611:if execution is permitted,
561:The first character of the
3063:
1761:Comparison of file systems
256:, which define the file's
203:
130:supports only NFSv4 ACLs.
2824:
2540:
1790:
1756:
1681:File system fragmentation
601:if writing is permitted,
591:if reading is permitted,
491:
462:
194:role-based access control
2864:Extended file attributes
2565:Compact Disc File System
1485:Extended file attributes
1393:Proprietary file formats
666:extended file attributes
487:what other users can do
463:Three permission triads
399:mode (also known as the
98:, as implemented in the
3045:File system permissions
2963:Installable File System
1686:File-system permissions
1286:Red Hat Customer Portal
1075:"OpenVMS documentation"
1026:Group identifier (Unix)
18:File system permissions
2011:TiVo Media File System
1875:Encrypting File System
1173:"IBM Knowledge Center"
1041:User identifier (Unix)
730:. Here is an example:
565:display indicates the
471:what the owner can do
63:File system variations
2006:Macintosh File System
1305:by Michael Stutz 2004
795:binary numeral system
272:effective permissions
69:File Allocation Table
3019:GUID Partition Table
2366:Distributed parallel
2114:Shared File System (
1701:File synchronization
1550:Semantic file system
1373:List of file formats
929:write & execute
94:, and its successor
79:Microsoft Windows NT
57:access-control lists
3024:Apple Partition Map
2970:Virtual file system
2909:Access-control list
2023:NetWare File System
1530:Directory structure
955:read & execute
664:@ suffix indicates
459:
3014:Master Boot Record
2839:Data deduplication
2478:Google File System
2394:Google File System
1880:Extent File System
1842:Byte File System (
1468:Filename extension
1217:pubs.opengroup.org
988:User private group
672:To represent the
458:
185:versions and also
44:is referred to as
3032:
3031:
2939:
2938:
2829:Case preservation
2735:
2734:
2434:
2433:
2360:
2359:
2122:Smart File System
1716:
1715:
1708:File verification
1461:Filename mangling
1388:Open file formats
985:
984:
968:read & write
820:symbolic notation
559:
558:
546:(also executable)
453:symbolic notation
440:Symbolic notation
200:POSIX permissions
46:permission-driven
16:(Redirected from
3052:
2849:Execute in place
2822:
2555:Boot File System
2538:
2302:
1838:Boot File System
1788:
1743:
1736:
1729:
1720:
1664:Data compression
1545:Grid file system
1523:Temporary folder
1513:Directory/folder
1333:
1326:
1319:
1310:
1290:
1289:
1278:
1272:
1271:
1269:
1267:
1262:on 8 August 2014
1256:security.ias.edu
1250:Epstein, Brian.
1247:
1241:
1234:
1228:
1227:
1225:
1224:
1209:
1203:
1202:
1200:
1198:
1183:
1177:
1176:
1169:
1163:
1162:
1160:
1152:
1146:
1145:
1138:
1132:
1131:
1129:
1128:
1119:. Archived from
1113:
1107:
1106:
1104:
1096:
1090:
1089:
1087:
1086:
1077:. Archived from
1071:
1065:
1064:
1057:
975:
962:
949:
936:
923:
910:
897:
884:
871:
858:
845:
825:
771:
760:Numeric notation
736:
729:
725:
721:
717:
713:
709:
705:
701:
697:
693:
660:
645:
637:
631:
625:
614:
610:
604:
600:
594:
590:
564:
554:
550:
533:
529:
524:
513:
508:second character
502:
460:
450:
21:
3062:
3061:
3055:
3054:
3053:
3051:
3050:
3049:
3035:
3034:
3033:
3028:
3002:
2974:
2958:File system API
2935:
2895:
2871:File change log
2813:
2789:Record-oriented
2762:Self-certifying
2731:
2688:
2634:
2529:
2430:
2356:
2300:
2243:
2210:
1783:
1777:
1773:Unix filesystem
1752:
1747:
1717:
1712:
1654:File comparison
1637:
1606:File descriptor
1594:
1561:
1501:
1434:
1378:File signatures
1342:
1337:
1299:
1294:
1293:
1280:
1279:
1275:
1265:
1263:
1249:
1248:
1244:
1235:
1231:
1222:
1220:
1211:
1210:
1206:
1196:
1194:
1185:
1184:
1180:
1171:
1170:
1166:
1158:
1154:
1153:
1149:
1140:
1139:
1135:
1126:
1124:
1115:
1114:
1110:
1102:
1098:
1097:
1093:
1084:
1082:
1073:
1072:
1068:
1059:
1058:
1054:
1049:
1017:list attributes
999:
990:
973:
960:
947:
934:
921:
908:
895:
882:
869:
856:
851:no permissions
843:
834:
829:
769:
762:
755:attributes set.
734:
727:
723:
719:
715:
711:
707:
703:
699:
695:
691:
658:
643:
635:
629:
623:
612:
608:
602:
598:
592:
588:
562:
552:
548:
547:
531:
527:
526:
522:
519:third character
511:
500:
497:first character
448:
442:
437:
340:
281:
236:
210:Permissions on
208:
202:
77:implemented in
65:
30:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3060:
3059:
3056:
3048:
3047:
3037:
3036:
3030:
3029:
3027:
3026:
3021:
3016:
3010:
3008:
3004:
3003:
3001:
3000:
2998:Log-structured
2995:
2990:
2984:
2982:
2976:
2975:
2973:
2972:
2967:
2966:
2965:
2955:
2949:
2947:
2941:
2940:
2937:
2936:
2934:
2933:
2932:
2931:
2926:
2916:
2911:
2905:
2903:
2901:Access control
2897:
2896:
2894:
2893:
2892:
2891:
2886:
2878:
2873:
2868:
2867:
2866:
2859:File attribute
2856:
2851:
2846:
2844:Data scrubbing
2841:
2836:
2831:
2825:
2819:
2815:
2814:
2812:
2811:
2806:
2801:
2799:Steganographic
2796:
2791:
2786:
2781:
2779:Log-structured
2776:
2771:
2766:
2765:
2764:
2759:
2754:
2743:
2741:
2737:
2736:
2733:
2732:
2730:
2729:
2724:
2719:
2714:
2709:
2704:
2698:
2696:
2690:
2689:
2687:
2686:
2681:
2676:
2671:
2668:
2663:
2658:
2653:
2648:
2642:
2640:
2636:
2635:
2633:
2632:
2627:
2622:
2617:
2612:
2607:
2602:
2597:
2592:
2587:
2582:
2577:
2572:
2567:
2562:
2557:
2552:
2547:
2541:
2535:
2531:
2530:
2528:
2527:
2520:
2515:
2510:
2505:
2500:
2495:
2490:
2485:
2480:
2475:
2470:
2465:
2460:
2450:
2444:
2442:
2436:
2435:
2432:
2431:
2429:
2428:
2421:
2416:
2411:
2406:
2401:
2396:
2391:
2386:
2381:
2376:
2370:
2368:
2362:
2361:
2358:
2357:
2355:
2354:
2349:
2344:
2343:
2342:
2332:
2327:
2322:
2317:
2311:
2309:
2299:
2298:
2293:
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2156:
2146:
2141:
2136:
2131:
2126:
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2124:
2119:
2109:
2104:
2102:Reliance Nitro
2099:
2094:
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2092:
2082:
2077:
2072:
2067:
2062:
2057:
2052:
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2025:
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2015:
2014:
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2008:
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1962:Classic Mac OS
1955:
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1833:Be File System
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1480:File attribute
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1465:
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1442:
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1436:
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1430:Zero-byte file
1427:
1425:Temporary file
1422:
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1407:
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1397:
1396:
1395:
1390:
1385:
1380:
1375:
1365:
1360:
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1344:
1343:
1340:Computer files
1338:
1336:
1335:
1328:
1321:
1313:
1307:
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1298:
1297:External links
1295:
1292:
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761:
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687:sticky or text
670:
669:
662:
651:
640:
639:
633:
627:
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557:
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520:
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441:
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417:
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391:
365:
339:
336:
328:
327:
311:
299:
280:
277:
235:
232:
201:
198:
183:HarmonyOS NEXT
100:Classic Mac OS
64:
61:
42:user interface
28:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3058:
3057:
3046:
3043:
3042:
3040:
3025:
3022:
3020:
3017:
3015:
3012:
3011:
3009:
3005:
2999:
2996:
2994:
2991:
2989:
2988:Cryptographic
2986:
2985:
2983:
2981:
2977:
2971:
2968:
2964:
2961:
2960:
2959:
2956:
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2861:
2860:
2857:
2855:
2852:
2850:
2847:
2845:
2842:
2840:
2837:
2835:
2834:Copy-on-write
2832:
2830:
2827:
2826:
2823:
2820:
2816:
2810:
2807:
2805:
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2800:
2797:
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2331:
2328:
2326:
2323:
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2318:
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2313:
2312:
2310:
2308:
2307:wear leveling
2303:
2297:
2294:
2292:
2289:
2287:
2284:
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2279:
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2199:
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2019:
2016:
2012:
2009:
2007:
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1699:
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1694:
1693:
1692:
1691:File transfer
1689:
1687:
1684:
1682:
1679:
1675:
1672:
1671:
1670:
1667:
1665:
1662:
1660:
1657:
1655:
1652:
1650:
1647:
1646:
1644:
1640:
1634:
1633:Symbolic link
1631:
1627:
1624:
1622:
1619:
1618:
1617:
1614:
1612:
1609:
1607:
1604:
1603:
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1498:
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1486:
1483:
1482:
1481:
1478:
1474:
1471:
1470:
1469:
1466:
1462:
1459:
1457:
1456:Long filename
1454:
1452:
1449:
1448:
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1444:
1443:
1441:
1437:
1431:
1428:
1426:
1423:
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1398:
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1296:
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1218:
1214:
1208:
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1192:
1188:
1182:
1179:
1174:
1168:
1165:
1157:
1151:
1148:
1143:
1137:
1134:
1123:on 2008-10-12
1122:
1118:
1112:
1109:
1101:
1095:
1092:
1081:on 2012-03-05
1080:
1076:
1070:
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1062:
1056:
1053:
1046:
1042:
1039:
1037:
1034:
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977:
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964:
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946:
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928:
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919:
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902:
899:
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876:
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868:
867:
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854:
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842:
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837:
832:
827:
826:
823:
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800:
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791:
789:
788:
783:
782:
777:
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767:
759:
754:
753:
748:
747:
742:
741:
733:
732:
731:
689:
688:
683:
682:
677:
676:
667:
663:
656:
652:
649:
648:
647:
634:
628:
622:
621:
620:
615:if it is not.
607:
605:if it is not.
597:
595:if it is not.
587:
586:
585:
582:
580:
576:
572:
568:
545:
541:
537:
521:
518:
517:
510:
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366:
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316:
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268:
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159:
157:
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147:
143:
139:
135:
131:
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125:
121:
117:
115:
111:
107:
103:
101:
97:
93:
89:
86:
82:
80:
76:
72:
70:
67:The original
62:
60:
58:
54:
49:
47:
43:
39:
35:
27:
19:
2953:File manager
2918:
2522:
2423:
2249:Flash memory
2216:Optical disc
2154:soft updates
2134:Soup (Apple)
1784:non-rotating
1750:File systems
1696:File sharing
1685:
1669:File manager
1659:File copying
1506:Organisation
1451:8.3 filename
1405:Sidecar file
1383:Magic number
1285:
1276:
1264:. Retrieved
1260:the original
1255:
1245:
1236:Hatch, Bri.
1232:
1221:. Retrieved
1219:. 2018-07-22
1216:
1207:
1195:. Retrieved
1190:
1181:
1167:
1150:
1136:
1125:. Retrieved
1121:the original
1111:
1094:
1083:. Retrieved
1079:the original
1069:
1055:
991:
817:
810:
792:
785:
779:
773:
763:
750:
744:
738:
685:
679:
673:
671:
668:are present.
641:
618:
583:
578:
574:
570:
560:
525:: executable
476:second triad
452:
446:
443:
428:
424:
420:
418:
400:
394:
378:
374:
370:set group ID
368:
357:
351:
341:
332:
329:
326:is set also.
323:
319:
314:
307:
302:
295:
291:
282:
271:
269:
265:others class
264:
262:
258:group class.
257:
251:
246:
237:
223:
219:
215:
209:
173:
166:
160:
154:
132:
118:
113:
104:
90:
83:
73:
66:
50:
34:file systems
31:
26:
2919:Permissions
2534:Specialized
1766:distributed
1535:File system
1420:System file
1410:Sparse file
1368:File format
1354:Binary file
1105:. Sep 2010.
514:: writable
503:: readable
492:Each triad
484:third triad
468:first triad
353:set user ID
279:Permissions
243:directories
187:Linux-based
175:OpenHarmony
2945:Interfaces
2929:Sticky bit
2809:Versioning
2774:Journaling
2717:Rubberhose
2513:SMB (CIFS)
2305:host-side
1642:Management
1567:Operations
1518:NTFS links
1439:Properties
1288:. Red Hat.
1223:2023-06-24
1127:2010-05-04
1085:2009-06-06
1047:References
974:-rwxr-----
961:-rw-rw-rw-
948:-r-xr-xr-x
935:-r--r--r--
922:--wx-wx-wx
909:--w--w--w-
896:---x--x--x
883:-rwxrwxrwx
870:-rwxrwx---
857:-rwx------
844:----------
787:sticky bit
781:setgid bit
775:setuid bit
770:stat -c %a
735:-rwsr-Sr-t
636:dr-x------
630:crw-rw-r--
624:-rwxr-xr-x
429:sticky bit
425:setgid bit
421:setuid bit
247:user class
204:See also:
2804:Synthetic
2747:Clustered
2694:Encrypted
2625:OverlayFS
2234:ISO 13490
1810:Amiga OFS
1805:Amiga FFS
1611:Hard link
1492:File size
1415:Swap file
1363:Data file
1358:text file
813:bit field
567:file type
343:Unix-like
284:Unix-like
212:Unix-like
190:openEuler
179:HarmonyOS
136:supports
3039:Category
2889:Symbolic
2818:Features
2794:Semantic
2702:eCryptfs
2646:configfs
2615:SquashFS
2503:POHMELFS
2404:OrangeFS
2229:ISO 9660
2149:UFS/UFS2
2097:Reliance
2085:ReiserFS
1931:Files-11
1825:bcachefs
1782:Disk and
1616:Shortcut
1446:Filename
1400:Metafile
1266:5 August
1197:13 March
1191:Substack
997:See also
903:execute
838:English
835:notation
830:notation
828:Symbolic
784:and the
726:becomes
722:and the
718:becomes
710:becomes
706:and the
702:becomes
413:UnixWare
383:group ID
162:IBM z/OS
3007:Layouts
2993:Default
2656:debugfs
2630:UnionFS
2524:more...
2457:OpenAFS
2425:more...
2090:Reiser4
2060:OpenZFS
1951:HAMMER2
1907:ext3cow
1887:Episode
1599:Linking
1161:. 2013.
833:Numeric
655:SELinux
581:class.
362:user ID
315:execute
308:execute
234:Classes
156:FreeBSD
120:Solaris
85:OpenVMS
38:execute
2880:Links
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