292:
2006:
established, and it is not opportune to make a trial of new taxes when it is a question of allowing the country to be governed by itself. Since the annual tribute is unequal, the average shall be taken and shall be fixed, consequently, at fifteen or sixteen reals per whole tribute, or perhaps one peso fuerte annually from each adult tributary person. This regulation will produce an increase in the revenue of 200,000 or 300,000 pesos fuertes, and this sum shall be set aside to give the impulse for the amalgamation of the races, favoring crossed marriages by means of dowries granted to the single women in the following manner. To a
Chinese mestizo woman who marries a
1978:
1959:
1897:
1940:
1921:
492:
scientific research and even public works. The
Spanish government and religious missionaries studied the native Filipino languages and published the first grammars and dictionaries of Tagalog, the Bisayan languages and others. In the earlier period, Roman Catholic rituals were adapted to native beliefs and values. As a result, a folk Roman Catholicism developed in the Philippines. European settlers from Spain and Mexico immigrated to the islands and their offspring (of either pure
183:
977:
602:
407:
57:
930:, many refugees who fled from Mainland China settled in the Philippines. These groups in the 20th century formed the bulk of the current population of Chinese Filipinos. After the Philippines achieved full sovereignty on July 4, 1946, Chinese immigrants became naturalized Filipino citizens, while the children of these new citizens who were born in the country acquired
1239:
2169:... Spaniards and natives lived together in great harmony, and do not know where I could find a colony in which Europeans mixes as much socially with the natives. Not in Java, where a native of position must dismount to salute the humblest Dutchman. Not in British India, where the Englishwoman has now made the gulf between British and native into a bottomless pit.
911:
Landing
Certificate of Residence and loophole through family adoption through it. Some also came illegally by stowing away in ships and illegally sneaking past port authority or their own boats landing where there was no coast guard coverage before during that era. Some later also used these as a stepping stone to move to
954:—Filipinos with at least some Chinese ancestry descended from the Spanish colonial era—comprise 18–27% of the Philippine population. There used to be a record of roughly 1.5 million Filipinos with pure Chinese ancestry, or about 1.6% of the population back then. There are no consistent ethnic-based census in the
2158:
one that has been observing the repulsion and differences due to race in many parts of Asia. And from one (like myself) who knows that race is the great divider of society, the admirable contrast and exception to racial discrimination so markedly presented by the people of the
Philippines is indeed admirable."
2133:
The
Spanish legally classified the Aetas as ''negritos'', based on their appearance. The word term would be misinterpreted and used by future European scholars as an ethnoracial term in and of itself. Both Christianised Aetas who lived in the colony and unbaptised Aetas who lived in tribes outside of
364:
ancestry. Currently and historically, the
Chinese mestizos were and are still ordinarily the most populous subgroup among mestizos; they have historically been very influential in the creation of Filipino nationalism. The Spanish mestizos also historically and currently exist as a smaller population,
2157:
The lines separating entire classes and races, appeared to me less marked than in the
Oriental colonies. I have seen on the same table, Spaniards, Mestizos (Chinos cristianos) and Indios, priests and military. There is no doubt that having one Religion forms great bonding. And more so to the eyes of
2030:
Filipino chief goes to the house of a
Spaniard, he shall seat himself as the latter's equal. In a word, by these and other means, the idea that they and the Castilians are two kinds of distinct races shall be erased from the minds of the natives, and the families shall become related by marriage in
2000:
It is needful to encourage public instruction in all ways possible, permit newspapers subject to a liberal censure, to establish in Manila a college of medicine, surgery, and pharmacy: in order to break down the barriers that divide the races, and amalgamate them all into one. For that purpose, the
2164:
Another foreign witness was
English engineer, Frederic H. Sawyer, who had spent most of his life in different parts of Asia and lived in Luzon for fourteen years. His impression was that as far as racial integration and harmony was concerned, the situation in the Philippines was not equaled by any
3128:
The
Spanish Mestizo population as a proportion of the provinces widely varied; with as high as 19% of the population of Tondo province (The most populous province and former name of Manila), to Pampanga 13.7%, Cavite at 13%, Laguna 2.28%, Batangas 3%, Bulacan 10.79%, Bataan 16.72%, Ilocos 1.38%,
2681:
In the late 1700s to early 1800s, Joaquín Martínez de Zúñiga, an Agustinian Friar, in his Two Volume Book: "Estadismo de las islas Filipinas" compiled a census of the Spanish-Philippines based on the tribute counts (Which represented an average family of seven to ten children and two parents, per
910:
of the United States was also applied to the Philippines once it was under US administration. Despite this, many were still able to find ways to migrate into the Philippines during the era via legal exceptions or loopholes or illegal means. There was a legal exception for "merchant's sons" with a
811:
Even before the Spanish arrived in the Philippines, the Chinese had traded with the natives of the Philippines. During the colonial period, there was an increase in the number of Chinese immigrants in the Philippines. The Spaniards restricted the activities of the Chinese and confined them to the
491:
in 1565 started a period of Spanish colonization of the Philippines which lasted for 333 years. The Roman Catholic Church played an important role in the Spanish colonization of the Philippines beyond the preaching of the Catholic faith. Spanish missionaries contributed to education, healthcare,
2178:
Though the Philippines upholds the principle of racial equality and does not actively gather information on specific races, statistics from historical immigration records, census results, and ship passenger logs, can be used to ascertain the populations of specific types of Filipino mestizos.
2672:
The book, "Intercolonial Intimacies Relinking Latin/o America to the Philippines, 1898–1964 By Paula C. Park" citing "Forzados y reclutas: los criollos novohispanos en Asia (1756-1808)" gave a higher number of later Mexican soldier-immigrants to the Philippines, pegging the number at 35,000
2005:
Filipinos shall be admitted with perfect equality as cadets of the military corps; the personal-service tax shall be abolished, or an equal and general tax shall be imposed, to which all the Spaniards shall be subject. This last plan appears to me more advisable, as the poll-tax is already
2105:
was a general term applied to native Austronesians as a legal classification; it was only applied to Christianised natives who lived in proximity to the Spanish colonies. Persons who lived outside of Manila, Cebu, and areas with a large Spanish concentration were classified as such:
2187:
Stephanie J. Mawson, by rummaging through records in the archives of Mexico discovered that the Spaniards were not the only immigrant group to the Philippines; Peru and Mexico too sent soldiers to the islands, and in fact outnumbered the Spaniards who immigrated to the Philippines.
2145:
The fluid nature of racial integration in the Philippines during the Spanish colonial period was recorded by many travelers and public figures at the time, who were favorably impressed by the lack of racial discrimination, as compared to the situation in other European colonies.
2153:, Governor General of British Hong Kong and a well-seasoned traveler who had written several books about the different cultures in Asia. He described the situation as "admirable" during a visit to the Philippines in the 1870s:
1896:
1977:
1958:
4288:
AGI, México, leg. 25, núm. 62; AGI, Filipinas, leg. 8, ramo 3, núm. 50; leg. 10, ramo 1, núm. 6; leg. 22, ramo 1, núm. 1, fos. 408 r –428 v; núm. 21; leg. 32, núm. 30; leg. 285, núm. 1, fos. 30 r –41 v
5296:
Including others such as Latin-Americans and Chinese-Mestizos, pure Chinese paid tribute but were not Philippine citizens as they were transients who returned to China, and Spaniards were exempt
520:. Spanish era periodicals record that as much as one-third of the inhabitants of the island of Luzon possessed varying degrees of Spanish admixture. In addition to Manila, select cities such as
297:
2014:
Filipino woman who marries a Chinese mestizo, 100 pesos; to a Chinese mestizo woman who marries a Spaniard, 1,000 pesos; to a Spanish woman who marries a Chinese mestizo, 2,000 pesos; to a
278:
3815:
5332:
1939:
1920:
291:
3679:
2142:. Persons of Aeta descent were also viewed as being outside the social order as they usually lived in tribes beyond settlements and resisted conversion to Christianity.
3723:
3304:
228:
5322:
3208:
271:
893:
to Baguio. The Chinese residents of the islands were encouraged and sometimes incentivized to intermarry with other native or Spanish Filipinos and convert to
5327:
5229:
496:, or mixed Spanish and Native descent) adopted the culture of their parents and grandparents. Most Filipinos of Spanish descent in the Philippines are of
366:
3749:
3420:
5312:
3137:
40%. According to the data, in the Archdiocese of Manila which administers much of Luzon under it, about 10% of the population was Spanish-Filipino.
4852:
264:
1815:
2082:
born in Hispanic America living in the Philippines kept their legal classification as such. Mulattos usually came as indentured servants to the
5317:
3358:
for Filipino. It is used for all Filipinos with foreign ancestry, particularly those born in the diaspora or as children of recent immigrants.
2126:(bandits) were Austronesians and Aetas who refused to live in towns and moved upland. They were considered to live outside the social order as
1424:
899:
3552:
4368:
3881:
3593:
3451:
2090:
2035:
Filipinos try to expel or enslave our race, they would find it so interlaced with their own that their plan would be practically impossible.'
1865:
247:
4621:
5342:
4689:
4579:
4098:
2110:
were baptised Austronesians of the lowland and coastal towns. Unbaptised Austronesians and Aetas who lived in the towns were classified as
1783:
1553:
4535:
5347:
4400:
3367:
5245:
4664:
4514:
4489:
4464:
3834:
2127:
1769:
1732:
1559:
1522:
1508:
1189:
457:
357:
124:
3819:
1382:
Except for the many Chinese migration waves, the history of racial mixture in the Philippines occurred on a smaller scale than other
4439:
4050:
3908:
4307:
2192:
Geographic distribution and year of settlement of the Latin-American immigrant soldiers assigned to the Philippines in the 1600s.
3644:
3633:
3377:
1903:
1846:
1790:
1777:
1717:
1704:
1693:
1662:
1639:
1604:
461:
340:
221:
128:
4162:
3898:
4028:
Les Philippines; histoire, géographie, moeurs, agriculture, industrie et commerce des colonies espagnoles dans l'Océanie Vol. 2
3683:
3372:
3212:
919:
453:
193:
172:
119:
3727:
536:
which had important military fortifications and commercial ports during the Spanish era also had sizable Mestizo communities.
5214:
4788:
2673:
immigrants in the 1700s, in a Philippine population which was only around 1.5 Million, thus forming 2.33% of the population.
4374:
4360:
365:
but remain a significant minority among mestizos which historically enjoyed prestigious status in Philippine society during
3193:, but due to the term's obsolescence in mainstream usage, most Filipino mestizo descendants would usually identify as just
5172:
1765:
1728:
825:
771:
4237:
2086:. Philippine-born children of mestizos and mulattoes from Hispanic America were classified based on patrilineal descent.
2074:
Persons of pure or mostly Spanish descent living in the Philippines who were born in Hispanic America were classified as
5352:
4845:
4401:"Supplementary Information for Multiple migrations to the Philippines during the last 50,000 years (Apppendix, Page 35)"
1329:
723:
440:
214:
161:
105:
4308:"The Unlucky Country The Republic of the Philippines in the 21st Century" By Duncan Alexander McKenzie (2012)(page xii)
5069:
4543:
3204:
1911:
1669:
207:
153:
81:
5255:
3308:
3228:
1877:
1432:
5219:
4820:
3150:
2138:. Christianised Aetas who lived in Manila were not allowed to enter Intramuros and lived in areas designated for
955:
200:
5126:
923:
912:
4611:
4572:
3705:
3292:
4838:
4756:
4736:
3316:
488:
361:
4341:
4657:
3284:
1890:
The Spanish deliberately implemented incentives to entangle the various races together to stop rebellion:
1008:
4298:"Intercolonial Intimacies Relinking Latin/o America to the Philippines, 1898–1964 Paula C. Park" Page 100
3187:
In modern times, many of the descendants of the above Filipino mestizos may technically be classified as
5015:
4766:
4761:
1370:
1255:
907:
647:
4431:
Essential Outsiders: Chinese and Jews in the Modern Transformation of Southeast Asia and Central Europe
4286:
Convicts or Conquistadores? Spanish Soldiers in the Seventeenth-Century Pacific By Stephanie J. Mawson
3141:
maintaining a minimum median of 5% of the total Philippine population, once summing up all provinces.
903:, an alphabetical list of Spanish family names, introduced by the government in the mid-19th century.
5192:
5187:
4995:
4704:
4629:
1793:
1720:
1696:
1665:
1642:
1607:
747:
655:
5082:
5000:
4987:
4731:
4699:
4320:
3560:
3268:
3134:
1991:
1968:
1949:
1930:
1849:
695:
691:
607:
509:
412:
5271:
4861:
4746:
4741:
4010:
3941:
3252:
3073:
3009:
1259:
1148:
735:
727:
719:
389:
4156:"ESTADISMO DE LAS ISLAS FILIPINAS TOMO PRIMERO By Joaquín Martínez de Zúñiga (Original Spanish)"
4101:(Press release). PRIB, Office of the Senate Secretary, Senate of the Philippines. Archived from
3779:
1431:
was used to include the entire population of the Philippines regardless of ancestry, as per the
1254:
refugees in 1614 as one of the many waves of Japanese immigration to the Philippines during the
3802:
3661:
5250:
4694:
4650:
4510:
4485:
4460:
4435:
4364:
4238:
ESTADISMO DE LAS ISLAS FILIPINAS TOMO SEGUNDO By Joaquín Martínez de Zúñiga (Original Spanish)
4046:
3904:
3877:
3743:
3599:
3589:
3521:
3447:
3441:
3336:
3332:
3312:
3296:
3272:
3138:
2737:
1576:
1471:
1374:
1325:
1321:
1168:
1132:
927:
897:. Both native Filipinos and Chinese who lacked surnames were encouraged to adopt one from the
859:
775:
763:
715:
683:
436:
322:
149:
145:
39:
4429:
4406:. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. p. 35
4102:
3865:
3468:
5337:
3933:
3533:
3328:
3300:
3288:
3232:
3224:
3220:
3157:
2026:
Filipino alcaldes-mayor of the provinces shall be appointed. It shall be ordered that when a
1907:
1826:
1822:
1797:
1761:
1757:
1750:
1724:
1710:
1658:
1635:
1631:
1627:
1623:
1600:
1592:
1586:
1549:
1542:
1526:
1397:
1333:
1140:
941:
937:
931:
886:
855:
803:
731:
687:
551:
415:
of the Philippines and the long hair tradition of the Filipina women during the colonial era
398:
383:
326:
314:
252:
157:
77:
73:
35:
31:
4079:
3842:
5049:
5032:
4724:
4623:
The Colonial Imaginary: Photography in the Philippines during the Spanish Period 1860–1898
3648:
3637:
3203:". In modern times, the descendants of the Filipino mestizos are still very active in the
3181:
1689:
1681:
1387:
1366:
1016:
976:
894:
852:
739:
703:
643:
517:
505:
497:
474:
4285:
3780:"The ethnic Chinese variable in domestic and foreign policies in Malaysia and Indonesia"
885:
still came and entered and continued the retail trade and currently make up most of the
182:
5005:
4949:
4881:
4784:
4573:
Thru the Lens of Latin America: A Wide-Angle View of the Philippine Colonial Experience
3641:
3617:
3340:
3324:
3256:
3248:
3240:
3189:
2538:
2060:
1615:
1488:
1481:
1383:
1072:
1040:
945:
699:
671:
533:
493:
66:
3630:
5306:
5209:
5204:
4973:
4964:
4959:
4808:
4155:
3393:
3320:
3025:
2705:
2259:
1386:
after and during the Spanish colonial period from the 16th to the 19th century. This
1243:
1160:
1104:
767:
743:
62:
3765:
Sangley, Intsik und Sino : die chinesische Haendlerminoritaet in den Philippine
2018:
Filipino woman who marries a Spaniard, 2,000 pesos; to a Spanish woman who marries a
5177:
4889:
3244:
3130:
2150:
1842:
1458:
1345:
1305:
1293:
1120:
992:
882:
832:
759:
635:
500:
ancestry Some families still privately use Spanish in the households. In addition,
70:
4626:(2006). Casa Asia: Centro Cultural Conde Duque. Madrid, Spain. Exhibition catalog.
4642:
4635:
4554:
4354:
3993:
3976:
3959:
3900:
Global Reformations: Transforming Early Modern Religions, Societies, and Cultures
3502:
3484:
17:
5199:
5139:
5044:
5038:
5010:
4897:
4876:
4812:
4714:
3415:
3399:
3216:
3154:
3041:
2507:
2290:
1835:
1048:
890:
651:
529:
306:
1262:. Their descendance diluted to the local populations without records of number.
601:
406:
5224:
5093:
4804:
4800:
4719:
4677:
4566:
Overseas Chinese Entrepreneurship and Capitalist Development in Southeast Asia
4482:
Overseas Chinese Entrepreneurship and Capitalist Development in Southeast Asia
3410:
3089:
2865:
2352:
1873:
1572:
1297:
1251:
1112:
1080:
1024:
821:
817:
659:
56:
3874:
Japanese diasporas: Unsung pasts, conflicting presents, and uncertain futures
3603:
3231:, of which a majority of the Philippines' richest billionaires are either of
3129:
Pangasinan 3.49%, Albay 1.16%, Cebu 2.17%, Samar 3.27%, Iloilo 1%, Capiz 1%,
2130:
was a driving force in everyday life as well as determinant of social class.
828:. Most of the Chinese residents earned their livelihood as merchant traders.
5087:
5075:
4981:
4944:
3763:
3405:
3280:
3260:
3198:
3161:
2945:
2897:
2414:
1518:
1504:
1494:
1465:
1450:
1088:
871:
867:
836:
525:
501:
343:
238:
4929:
3537:
1247:
1238:
813:
3583:
831:
Initially, many of the Chinese who arrived during the Spanish period were
5151:
5134:
5054:
4920:
3276:
3264:
3236:
2833:
2801:
2753:
2476:
1532:
1353:
1309:
1176:
1064:
1056:
848:
840:
779:
663:
353:
4605:
The Philippine Chinese: A Cultural History of A Marginal Trading Company
5182:
5156:
5144:
5112:
5106:
5098:
5026:
4954:
4913:
4792:
4709:
4673:
3945:
3165:
2929:
2881:
2785:
2769:
2321:
2098:
2079:
2031:
such manner that when free of the Castilian dominion should any exalted
1987:
1881:
1858:
1805:
1740:
1650:
1513:
1499:
1301:
1032:
949:
799:
545:
521:
348:
141:
4830:
3924:
Plehn, Carl C. (December 1, 1901). "Taxation in the Philippines. I".
3177:
2993:
2849:
2817:
2721:
2445:
2383:
2228:
1349:
1096:
1000:
878:
844:
787:
667:
639:
513:
4321:"Forzados y reclutas: los criollos novohispanos en Asia (1756-1808)"
4012:
The Philippine Islands, 1493–1898: Relating to China and the Chinese
3937:
3522:"The Chinese Mestizos and the Formation of the Filipino Nationality"
4580:
Race Mixing and Westernization in Latin America and the Philippines
3551:
International Studies & Programs at Michigan State University.
5119:
4937:
4906:
4816:
4796:
4043:
Open and Closed Economies Lessons from the Philippines and Vietnam
3389:
3355:
3057:
2977:
2961:
2913:
2043:(whites) and those with Spanish ancestry were subdivided into the
1392:
863:
783:
679:
675:
484:
290:
5062:
2686:
Data reported for the 1800 as divided by ethnicity and province
2071:(persons of mixed Austronesian, Chinese, and Spanish ancestry).
1869:
4834:
4646:
4546:
by Dr. Antonio de Morga (Translated and Annotated in English).
3176:"Tisoy" redirects here. For the 2019 tropical cyclone named by
1423:, however, paid no tax. The tax system was abolished after the
4099:"Senate declares Chinese New Year as special working holiday"
820:, which later they could only live outside it if they became
4607:. Ann Arbor, Michigan: UMI Dissertation Information Service.
4618:, 62–100. Lawrence, Kansas: The University of Kansas, CEAS.
3149:
Meanwhile, in 2013, according to older records held by the
4555:
Lineage, Life and Labors of Jose Rizal, Philippine Patriot
3553:"Asian Studies Center – Michigan State University – Oops!"
2067:(persons of mixed Austronesian and Spanish ancestry), and
298:
Carta Hydrographica y Chorographica de las Yslas Filipinas
4342:"How big were families in the 1700s?" By Keri Rutherford
889:
population with a few Cantonese also coming to build the
4596:
Tettoni, Luca Invernizzi and Sosrowardoyo, Tara (1997).
4536:
Cacique Democracy in the Philippines: Origins and Dreams
4356:
Conquest and Pestilence in the Early Spanish Philippines
4067:
Sociology in the Philippine setting: A modular approach
3995:
Chinese participation in Philippine culture and economy
3816:"Japanese Filipinos - Ethnic Groups of the Philippines"
2001:
Spaniards of the country, the Chinese mestizos, and the
2022:
Filipino chief, 3,000 or 4,000 pesos. Some mestizo and
874:
in general), who usually worked as cooks or laborers (
352:
itself is of Spanish origin; it was first used in the
4507:
Ethnic Business: Chinese Capitalism in Southeast Asia
881:) or artisan craftsmen. By the American period, more
5264:
5238:
5165:
4869:
4542:Blair, E. H. and Robertson, J.A. (editors) (1907).
4015:. Vol. 52. A.H. Clark Company. pp. 85–87.
3631:
Quinze Ans de Voyage Autor de Monde Vol. II ( 1840)
1906:with Caucasians (probably Europeans or Americans),
1360:
1339:
1315:
1287:
1267:
1195:
1154:
1126:
986:
793:
753:
709:
629:
615:
564:
468:
447:
430:
420:
135:
112:
99:
89:
4637:Culture and fertility: the case of the Philippines
3680:"Filipino Chinese Community Website - Our history"
1868:pre-Austronesian descent, such as a member of the
1250:who migrated to the Philippines together with 300
508:based largely on the Spanish) is widely spoken in
4045:. Springer International Publishing. p. 71.
3642:Institute for Research of Iloilo Official Website
2682:tribute) and came upon the following statistics:
411:Spanish-Filipina Mestiza wearing the traditional
4092:
4090:
1403:The system was used for taxation purposes, with
1390:social stratification schema was similar to the
4544:History of the Philippine Islands Vols. 1 and 2
3981:. Historical Conservation Society. p. 191.
3305:International Container Terminal Services, Inc.
1411:who lived within the colony paying a base tax,
4434:. University of Washington Press. p. 54.
4233:
4231:
4229:
4227:
4225:
4223:
4221:
4219:
4217:
4215:
4213:
4211:
4209:
4207:
4205:
4203:
4150:
4148:
4146:
4144:
4142:
4140:
4138:
4136:
4134:
4132:
906:During the United States colonial period, the
4846:
4658:
4459:. Knopf Doubleday Publishing. pp. 3, 6.
4201:
4199:
4197:
4195:
4193:
4191:
4189:
4187:
4185:
4183:
4130:
4128:
4126:
4124:
4122:
4120:
4118:
4116:
4114:
4112:
3803:Japan-Philippines relations : Basic Data
3227:families both contribute major shares in the
2097:(for those of pure Austronesian descent) and
339:, is a name used to refer to people of mixed
272:
8:
4616:The Journal of Southeast Asian History, 5(1)
4281:
4279:
4277:
4275:
4273:
4271:
4269:
4267:
4265:
3503:"Mestizo - Define Mestizo at Dictionary.com"
3485:"Mestizo - Define Mestizo at Dictionary.com"
1187:
969:
559:
397:
49:
5230:Pre-Columbian transoceanic contact theories
4263:
4261:
4259:
4257:
4255:
4253:
4251:
4249:
4247:
4245:
4853:
4839:
4831:
4665:
4651:
4643:
4600:. Periplus Editions Ltd. Hong Kong, China.
4568:. Münster, Hamburg and Berlin: LIT Verlag.
4423:
4421:
3421:Template:Miscegenation in Spanish colonies
3168:comprised 22.8 million of the population.
1237:
1186:
975:
968:
600:
558:
405:
396:
279:
265:
168:
61:The ancestry of Philippine National Hero,
55:
48:
4612:The Chinese Mestizo in Philippine History
4593:. Page One Publishing Pte Ltd. Singapore.
3818:. ethnicgroupsphilippines. Archived from
3207:, especially controlling the bulk of the
95:Philippines, United States, Canada, Spain
3619:The Former Philippines thru Foreign Eyes
3287:), and many more, or (less commonly) of
3160:within the Philippine population, while
3153:, there were approximately 1.35 million
2684:
2190:
2122:("those who went to the mountains") and
1437:
851:) who were usually merchants and rarely
610:, the traditional gown of Filipina women
331:Mestiso (masculine) / Mestisa (feminine)
319:mestizo (masculine) / mestiza (feminine)
5289:
4394:
4392:
3432:
3211:and compose a considerable part of the
2010:Filipino shall be given 100 pesos; to a
1892:
237:
171:
5333:History of the Philippines (1565–1898)
4603:Weightman, George H. (February 1960).
4428:Chirot, Daniel; Reid, Anthony (1997).
4399:Maximilian Larena (January 21, 2021).
3768:. Universität Bielefeld. July 7, 1993.
3748:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
3741:
2055:(persons of pure Spanish descent born
2047:(persons of pure Spanish descent born
1425:Philippine Declaration of Independence
970:American settlement in the Philippines
3805:, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Japan.
2183:Immigration logs of Mexican Filipinos
2091:indigenous peoples of the Philippines
1668:descent or sometimes rarely of mixed
1448:
981:Filipino-American family, Philippines
962:Ethnic groups in colonial Philippines
7:
5323:European diaspora in the Philippines
4325:Bolotin Archivo General de la Nación
4097:Macrohon, Pilar (January 21, 2013).
3588:. Reno: University of Nevada Press.
3473:. National Book Company. p. 11.
1914:settlers in the Philippines, c. 1900
1288:Regions with significant populations
987:Regions with significant populations
630:Regions with significant populations
512:and neighboring regions, as well as
421:Regions with significant populations
90:Regions with significant populations
4591:Tropical Architecture and Interiors
4353:Newson, Linda A. (April 16, 2009).
3978:Informe secreto de Sinibaldo de Más
3897:Terpstra, Nicholas (May 17, 2019).
3446:. Rex Bookstore, Inc. p. 156.
3368:Filipino people of Spanish ancestry
2677:Tribute counts of Spanish Filipinos
1468:descent born and raised in Spain ("
346:and any foreign ancestry. The word
5328:Filipino people of Chinese descent
4632:(1999). UNESCO World Heritage Sit.
4578:Monroy, Emily (August 23, 2002). "
4484:. Palgrave Macmillan. p. 33.
4377:from the original on March 8, 2023
4168:from the original on March 9, 2016
4081:The Inhabitants of the Philippines
3833:Agnote, Dario (October 11, 2017).
3145:Modern census of Chinese Filipinos
1427:from Spain in 1898, and the term "
1190:Japanese people in the Philippines
606:Chinese-Filipina girl wearing the
25:
3964:. The Society. 1963. p. 191.
3443:Rizal, The Greatest Filipino Hero
1258:throughout 1600's in Japan under
5313:Ethnic groups in the Philippines
3835:"A glimmer of hope for castoffs"
3384:Comparisons with other countries
3378:Ethnic groups in the Philippines
3223:community and the few remaining
1976:
1967:(A Spanish Filipina Mestiza) by
1957:
1938:
1919:
1895:
900:Catálogo alfabético de apellidos
181:
4610:Wickberg, Edgar (March 1964). "
4319:Garcia, María Fernanda (1998).
4030:. Arthus Bertrand. p. 135.
3961:Historical Conservation Society
3640:. Retrieved July 25, 2014 from
3373:Demographics of the Philippines
1552:descent born and raised in the
1400:, with some major differences.
1384:Spanish territories in Americas
295:Mestizos as illustrated in the
194:Philippine Statistics Authority
5215:Origins of Hutu, Tutsi and Twa
3582:De Borja, Marciano R. (2005).
3273:Tony Tan Caktiong & family
1990:Chinese-Filipino Mestizos) by
1:
5318:European colonisation in Asia
5173:Cherokee freedmen controversy
3662:"Chinese Exclusion Act: 1882"
3470:Rizal's Own Story of His Life
3440:Purino, Anacoreta P. (2008).
1525:) descent born and raised in
839:) and some from "Chin Chiu" (
625:are of pure Chinese ancestry.
4564:Gambe, Annabelle R. (2000).
4069:, p. 118, Phoenix Pub. House
4041:Macdonald, Roderick (2021).
3866:"The Intermarried issei and
3392:(comparable caste system in
3209:country's political families
1415:paying double the base tax,
835:initially from "Chiõ Chiu" (
724:languages of the Philippines
356:to describe people of mixed
162:Americans in the Philippines
5343:Multiracial affairs in Asia
4571:Medina, Elizabeth (1999). "
4548:The Arthur H. Clark Company
4533:Anderson, Benedict (1988).
4361:University of Hawaiʻi Press
3992:Shubert S. C. Liao (1964).
3926:Political Science Quarterly
3872:. In Adachi, Nobuko (ed.).
3616:Fëdor Jagor et al. (1870).
3205:politics of the Philippines
2134:the colony were classified
5369:
5348:Society of the Philippines
5246:Contemporary ethnic groups
4078:Frederic H. Sawyer (1900)
4009:Blair, Emma Helen (1915).
3585:Basques in the Philippines
3175:
1433:Philippine nationality law
1280:People of Japanese descent
891:Kennon Road / Benguet Road
847:and many from "Chinchew" (
549:
543:
441:other Philippine languages
387:
381:
29:
4775:
4685:
4509:. Routledge. p. 93.
4480:Gambe, Annabelle (2000).
3975:Sinibaldo De Mas (1963).
3876:. Routledge. p. 97.
3870:nisei in the Philippines"
3269:Philippine Airlines (PAL)
3151:Senate of the Philippines
2697:Spanish Mestizo Tributes
1856:
1833:
1804:
1776:
1739:
1703:
1603:or Criollo/Americano and
1581:
1567:
1440:
1365:
1344:
1320:
1292:
1272:
1236:
1159:
1131:
991:
974:
798:
758:
714:
634:
620:
599:
473:
452:
435:
425:
404:
140:
117:
104:
94:
54:
4630:Advisory Body Evaluation
3647:October 9, 2014, at the
3636:October 9, 2014, at the
3520:Tan, Antonio S. (1986).
3235:background, such as the
1984:Mestizos Sangley y Chino
1948:(A Filipina Mestiza) by
1929:(A Filipino Mestizo) by
1246:was a Japanese Catholic
4589:Tan, Hock Beng (1994).
4065:Chester L. Hunt (1954)
3317:Aboitiz Equity Ventures
1864:Person of usually pure
1451:Españoles / Castellanos
940:are one of the largest
922:and the victory of the
816:which was located near
489:Miguel Lopez de Legazpi
4553:Craig, Austin (2004).
3998:. Bookman. p. 30.
3538:10.3406/arch.1986.2316
3285:San Miguel Corp. (SMC)
3281:Ramon Ang & family
3261:Lucio Tan & family
2171:
2165:other colonial power:
2162:
2039:Persons classified as
2037:
1454:(Spaniards / Spanish)
1009:San Fernando, La Union
913:mainland United States
443:, English and Spanish.
367:Spanish colonial times
330:
318:
302:
229:Country of citizenship
4779:Related terms/topics:
4586:. Caracas, Venezuela.
4561:. Whitefish, Montana.
4026:Mallat, Jean (1846).
3293:Zobel de Ayala family
3219:, whereas the modern
3213:Philippine population
3172:Modern term and usage
2626:Total Reinforcements
2167:
2155:
1998:
1676:) descent lumped in.
1543:Insulares / Filipinos
1493:(pure or almost pure
1371:foreign-born Japanese
1361:Related ethnic groups
1256:Christian persecution
908:Chinese Exclusion Act
824:, baptized under the
794:Related ethnic groups
648:Metro Iloilo-Guimaras
469:Related ethnic groups
294:
136:Related ethnic groups
5193:Interracial marriage
5188:Interethnic marriage
5016:Eurasian Singaporean
4559:Kessinger Publishing
4505:Folk, Brian (2003).
4359:. Honolulu, Hawaii:
3467:Rizal, José (1918).
3354:just as is the word
3291:background, such as
2093:were referred to as
1825:descent who was not
1796:descent who was not
1766:Spanish missionaries
1729:Spanish missionaries
1727:, usually under the
1330:Philippine languages
932:Filipino citizenship
748:varieties of Chinese
106:Philippine languages
5353:Spanish Philippines
4575:". Santiago, Chile.
4084:, p. 125, New York.
3864:Ohno, Shun (2006).
3822:on January 2, 2013.
3730:on October 18, 2013
3686:on October 17, 2007
3540:– via Persée.
3339:), Ortigas family (
2687:
2193:
2149:Among them was Sir
2065:mestizos de español
1992:Justiniano Asuncion
1969:Justiniano Asuncion
1965:La Mestisa Española
1950:Justiniano Asuncion
1931:Justiniano Asuncion
1413:mestizos de sangley
1197:日系 / 日系人 / 日系フィリピン人
1192:
1188:Japanese Filipino,
971:
951:Mestizos de Sangley
561:
540:Chinese immigration
477:, Filipino Mestizos
401:
333:), or colloquially
51:
5272:Race of the future
5256:luk khrueng people
4550:. Cleveland, Ohio.
4455:Chua, Amy (2003).
3706:"Website Disabled"
3563:on October 9, 2007
3229:Philippine economy
2685:
2191:
2057:in the Philippines
1652:Mestizo de Sangley
1594:Mestizo de Español
1560:Philippine Islands
1419:paying quadruple;
1277:16,894 (Oct. 2019)
1274:Japanese nationals
1260:Tokugawa shogunate
1214:Pilipinong Hapones
1149:Philippine English
872:Guangdong province
487:expedition led by
390:Philippine Spanish
303:
154:Japanese Filipinos
108:, English, Spanish
65:, includes ethnic
5280:
5279:
4828:
4827:
4370:978-0-8248-6197-1
3883:978-1-135-98723-7
3595:978-0-87417-891-3
3453:978-971-23-5128-0
3337:Cebuana Lhuillier
3139:Spanish-Filipinos
3126:
3125:
2670:
2669:
1888:
1887:
1764:, usually by the
1683:Mestizo de Bombay
1630:descent or mixed
1472:Iberian Peninsula
1380:
1379:
1375:Japanese diaspora
1182:
1181:
1169:Roman Catholicism
956:Philippine census
938:Chinese Filipinos
928:Chinese Civil War
895:Roman Catholicism
809:
808:
776:Iglesia ni Cristo
764:Roman Catholicism
481:
480:
458:Roman Catholicism
289:
288:
167:
166:
150:Spanish Filipinos
146:Chinese Filipinos
40:Filipino American
27:Racial identifier
18:Filipino mestizos
16:(Redirected from
5360:
5297:
5294:
5021:Filipino Mestizo
4855:
4848:
4841:
4832:
4667:
4660:
4653:
4644:
4521:
4520:
4502:
4496:
4495:
4477:
4471:
4470:
4452:
4446:
4445:
4425:
4416:
4415:
4413:
4411:
4405:
4396:
4387:
4386:
4384:
4382:
4350:
4344:
4339:
4333:
4332:
4316:
4310:
4305:
4299:
4296:
4290:
4283:
4240:
4235:
4178:
4177:
4175:
4173:
4167:
4160:
4152:
4107:
4106:
4105:on May 16, 2021.
4094:
4085:
4076:
4070:
4063:
4057:
4056:
4038:
4032:
4031:
4023:
4017:
4016:
4006:
4000:
3999:
3989:
3983:
3982:
3972:
3966:
3965:
3956:
3950:
3949:
3921:
3915:
3914:
3894:
3888:
3887:
3861:
3855:
3854:
3852:
3850:
3841:. Archived from
3830:
3824:
3823:
3812:
3806:
3800:
3794:
3793:
3791:
3789:
3784:
3776:
3770:
3769:
3760:
3754:
3753:
3747:
3739:
3737:
3735:
3726:. Archived from
3720:
3714:
3713:
3702:
3696:
3695:
3693:
3691:
3682:. Archived from
3676:
3670:
3669:
3658:
3652:
3628:
3622:
3614:
3608:
3607:
3579:
3573:
3572:
3570:
3568:
3559:. Archived from
3548:
3542:
3541:
3517:
3511:
3510:
3499:
3493:
3492:
3481:
3475:
3474:
3464:
3458:
3457:
3437:
3350:is shortened as
3346:Today, the word
3333:Lhuillier family
3329:Araneta Coliseum
3289:Spanish Filipino
3249:Gokongwei family
3233:Chinese Filipino
3225:Spanish Filipino
3221:Chinese Filipino
3180:as "Tisoy", see
3155:ethnic (or pure)
2694:Native Tributes
2688:
2194:
1980:
1961:
1942:
1923:
1899:
1852:descent or etc.
1760:descent who was
1723:descent who was
1688:Person of mixed
1657:Person of mixed
1622:Person of mixed
1599:Person of mixed
1575:subjects of the
1438:
1398:Hispanic America
1268:Total population
1241:
1193:
1141:American English
979:
972:
942:overseas Chinese
920:Second World War
887:Chinese Filipino
804:Overseas Chinese
746:, various other
616:Total population
608:María Clara gown
604:
581:Pilipinong Tsino
562:
560:Chinese Filipino
552:Chinese Filipino
413:María Clara gown
409:
402:
399:Spanish Filipino
384:Spanish Filipino
311:Filipino Mestizo
281:
274:
267:
185:
169:
158:Indian Filipinos
59:
52:
50:Filipino mestizo
36:Chinese Filipino
32:Spanish Filipino
21:
5368:
5367:
5363:
5362:
5361:
5359:
5358:
5357:
5303:
5302:
5301:
5300:
5295:
5291:
5286:
5281:
5276:
5260:
5234:
5161:
4865:
4859:
4829:
4824:
4782:
4771:
4681:
4671:
4530:
4528:Further reading
4525:
4524:
4517:
4504:
4503:
4499:
4492:
4479:
4478:
4474:
4467:
4454:
4453:
4449:
4442:
4427:
4426:
4419:
4409:
4407:
4403:
4398:
4397:
4390:
4380:
4378:
4371:
4352:
4351:
4347:
4340:
4336:
4318:
4317:
4313:
4306:
4302:
4297:
4293:
4284:
4243:
4236:
4181:
4171:
4169:
4165:
4158:
4154:
4153:
4110:
4096:
4095:
4088:
4077:
4073:
4064:
4060:
4053:
4040:
4039:
4035:
4025:
4024:
4020:
4008:
4007:
4003:
3991:
3990:
3986:
3974:
3973:
3969:
3958:
3957:
3953:
3938:10.2307/2140422
3923:
3922:
3918:
3911:
3896:
3895:
3891:
3884:
3863:
3862:
3858:
3848:
3846:
3845:on June 7, 2011
3839:The Japan Times
3832:
3831:
3827:
3814:
3813:
3809:
3801:
3797:
3787:
3785:
3782:
3778:
3777:
3773:
3762:
3761:
3757:
3740:
3733:
3731:
3724:"Archived copy"
3722:
3721:
3717:
3704:
3703:
3699:
3689:
3687:
3678:
3677:
3673:
3660:
3659:
3655:
3649:Wayback Machine
3638:Wayback Machine
3629:
3625:
3615:
3611:
3596:
3581:
3580:
3576:
3566:
3564:
3550:
3549:
3545:
3519:
3518:
3514:
3501:
3500:
3496:
3483:
3482:
3478:
3466:
3465:
3461:
3454:
3439:
3438:
3434:
3429:
3364:
3215:especially its
3185:
3182:Typhoon Kammuri
3174:
3166:Chinese descent
3147:
2679:
2185:
2176:
2078:. Mestizos and
1995:
1981:
1972:
1962:
1953:
1943:
1934:
1924:
1915:
1904:Native Filipina
1900:
1841:Person who was
1821:Person of pure
1816:Unchristianized
1789:Person of pure
1784:Unchristianized
1770:Catholic Church
1756:Person of pure
1733:Catholic Church
1716:Person of pure
1548:Person of pure
1527:Spanish America
1464:Person of pure
1396:system used in
1388:ethno-religious
1367:Japanese people
1282:
1278:
1276:
1263:
1232:
1216:
1212:
1200:
1198:
1185:
982:
967:
964:
944:communities in
726:
674:
654:
644:Central Visayas
611:
595:
583:
579:
567:
557:
554:
548:
542:
506:creole language
475:Filipino people
416:
395:
392:
386:
380:
375:
285:
175:the Philippines
174:
173:Demographics of
122:
85:
47:
42:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
5366:
5364:
5356:
5355:
5350:
5345:
5340:
5335:
5330:
5325:
5320:
5315:
5305:
5304:
5299:
5298:
5288:
5287:
5285:
5282:
5278:
5277:
5275:
5274:
5268:
5266:
5262:
5261:
5259:
5258:
5253:
5248:
5242:
5240:
5236:
5235:
5233:
5232:
5227:
5222:
5217:
5212:
5207:
5202:
5197:
5196:
5195:
5190:
5180:
5175:
5169:
5167:
5163:
5162:
5160:
5159:
5154:
5149:
5142:
5137:
5132:
5131:
5130:
5123:
5116:
5104:
5090:
5085:
5080:
5079:
5078:
5066:
5059:
5058:
5057:
5052:
5047:
5042:
5035:
5030:
5023:
5018:
5013:
5008:
5003:
4998:
4993:
4992:
4991:
4976:
4971:
4970:
4969:
4968:
4967:
4962:
4957:
4950:Cape Coloureds
4942:
4935:
4934:
4933:
4926:
4925:
4924:
4917:
4903:
4902:
4901:
4884:
4882:Amazonian Jews
4879:
4873:
4871:
4867:
4866:
4860:
4858:
4857:
4850:
4843:
4835:
4826:
4825:
4785:Blanqueamiento
4776:
4773:
4772:
4770:
4769:
4764:
4759:
4754:
4749:
4744:
4739:
4734:
4729:
4728:
4727:
4722:
4717:
4712:
4702:
4697:
4692:
4686:
4683:
4682:
4672:
4670:
4669:
4662:
4655:
4647:
4641:
4640:
4633:
4627:
4619:
4608:
4601:
4598:Filipino Style
4594:
4587:
4576:
4569:
4562:
4551:
4540:
4529:
4526:
4523:
4522:
4516:978-1138811072
4515:
4497:
4491:978-0312234966
4490:
4472:
4466:978-0385721868
4465:
4447:
4440:
4417:
4388:
4369:
4345:
4334:
4311:
4300:
4291:
4241:
4179:
4108:
4086:
4071:
4058:
4051:
4033:
4018:
4001:
3984:
3967:
3951:
3932:(4): 680–711.
3916:
3909:
3889:
3882:
3856:
3825:
3807:
3795:
3771:
3755:
3715:
3697:
3671:
3666:thenagain.info
3653:
3623:
3609:
3594:
3574:
3543:
3512:
3507:Dictionary.com
3494:
3489:Dictionary.com
3476:
3459:
3452:
3431:
3430:
3428:
3425:
3424:
3423:
3418:
3413:
3408:
3403:
3397:
3386:
3385:
3381:
3380:
3375:
3370:
3363:
3360:
3341:Ortigas Center
3325:Araneta family
3313:Aboitiz family
3197:or even just "
3173:
3170:
3146:
3143:
3124:
3123:
3118:
3113:
3108:
3102:
3101:
3098:
3095:
3092:
3086:
3085:
3082:
3079:
3076:
3070:
3069:
3066:
3063:
3060:
3054:
3053:
3050:
3047:
3044:
3038:
3037:
3034:
3031:
3028:
3022:
3021:
3018:
3015:
3012:
3006:
3005:
3002:
2999:
2996:
2990:
2989:
2986:
2983:
2980:
2974:
2973:
2970:
2967:
2964:
2958:
2957:
2954:
2951:
2948:
2942:
2941:
2938:
2935:
2932:
2926:
2925:
2922:
2919:
2916:
2910:
2909:
2906:
2903:
2900:
2894:
2893:
2890:
2887:
2884:
2878:
2877:
2874:
2871:
2868:
2862:
2861:
2858:
2855:
2852:
2846:
2845:
2842:
2839:
2836:
2830:
2829:
2826:
2823:
2820:
2814:
2813:
2810:
2807:
2804:
2798:
2797:
2794:
2791:
2788:
2782:
2781:
2778:
2775:
2772:
2766:
2765:
2762:
2759:
2756:
2750:
2749:
2746:
2743:
2740:
2734:
2733:
2730:
2727:
2724:
2718:
2717:
2714:
2711:
2708:
2702:
2701:
2698:
2695:
2692:
2678:
2675:
2668:
2667:
2662:
2657:
2652:
2647:
2642:
2637:
2632:
2627:
2623:
2622:
2619:
2616:
2613:
2610:
2607:
2604:
2601:
2598:
2595:
2594:
2591:
2588:
2585:
2582:
2579:
2576:
2573:
2570:
2566:
2565:
2562:
2559:
2556:
2553:
2550:
2547:
2544:
2541:
2535:
2534:
2531:
2528:
2525:
2522:
2519:
2516:
2513:
2510:
2504:
2503:
2500:
2497:
2494:
2491:
2488:
2485:
2482:
2479:
2473:
2472:
2469:
2466:
2463:
2460:
2457:
2454:
2451:
2448:
2442:
2441:
2438:
2435:
2432:
2429:
2426:
2423:
2420:
2417:
2411:
2410:
2407:
2404:
2401:
2398:
2395:
2392:
2389:
2386:
2380:
2379:
2376:
2373:
2370:
2367:
2364:
2361:
2358:
2355:
2349:
2348:
2345:
2342:
2339:
2336:
2333:
2330:
2327:
2324:
2318:
2317:
2314:
2311:
2308:
2305:
2302:
2299:
2296:
2293:
2287:
2286:
2283:
2280:
2277:
2274:
2271:
2268:
2265:
2262:
2256:
2255:
2252:
2249:
2246:
2243:
2240:
2237:
2234:
2231:
2225:
2224:
2221:
2218:
2215:
2212:
2209:
2206:
2203:
2200:
2184:
2181:
2175:
2172:
1997:
1996:
1982:
1975:
1973:
1963:
1956:
1954:
1944:
1937:
1935:
1925:
1918:
1916:
1901:
1894:
1886:
1885:
1862:
1854:
1853:
1839:
1831:
1830:
1819:
1802:
1801:
1787:
1774:
1773:
1754:
1737:
1736:
1714:
1701:
1700:
1686:
1678:
1677:
1655:
1647:
1646:
1620:
1612:
1611:
1597:
1590:
1580:
1565:
1564:
1546:
1538:
1537:
1485:
1477:
1476:
1462:
1455:
1446:
1445:
1442:
1378:
1377:
1363:
1362:
1358:
1357:
1342:
1341:
1337:
1336:
1318:
1317:
1313:
1312:
1290:
1289:
1285:
1284:
1283:200,000 (2006)
1270:
1269:
1265:
1264:
1242:
1234:
1233:
1196:
1183:
1180:
1179:
1157:
1156:
1152:
1151:
1129:
1128:
1124:
1123:
1073:Cagayan de Oro
989:
988:
984:
983:
980:
965:
963:
960:
946:Southeast Asia
866:and "Cantón" (
843:), then later
826:Spanish friars
807:
806:
796:
795:
791:
790:
756:
755:
751:
750:
712:
711:
707:
706:
700:Zamboanga City
672:Cagayan de Oro
632:
631:
627:
626:
618:
617:
613:
612:
605:
597:
596:
565:
555:
544:Main article:
541:
538:
479:
478:
471:
470:
466:
465:
450:
449:
445:
444:
433:
432:
428:
427:
423:
422:
418:
417:
410:
393:
382:Main article:
379:
378:Spanish period
376:
374:
371:
287:
286:
284:
283:
276:
269:
261:
258:
257:
256:
255:
250:
242:
241:
235:
234:
233:
232:
225:
218:
211:
204:
197:
187:
186:
178:
177:
165:
164:
138:
137:
133:
132:
125:Roman Catholic
118:Predominantly
115:
114:
110:
109:
102:
101:
97:
96:
92:
91:
87:
86:
60:
45:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5365:
5354:
5351:
5349:
5346:
5344:
5341:
5339:
5336:
5334:
5331:
5329:
5326:
5324:
5321:
5319:
5316:
5314:
5311:
5310:
5308:
5293:
5290:
5283:
5273:
5270:
5269:
5267:
5263:
5257:
5254:
5252:
5249:
5247:
5244:
5243:
5241:
5237:
5231:
5228:
5226:
5223:
5221:
5218:
5216:
5213:
5211:
5210:One-drop rule
5208:
5206:
5205:Miscegenation
5203:
5201:
5198:
5194:
5191:
5189:
5186:
5185:
5184:
5181:
5179:
5176:
5174:
5171:
5170:
5168:
5164:
5158:
5155:
5153:
5150:
5148:
5147:
5143:
5141:
5138:
5136:
5133:
5129:
5128:
5124:
5122:
5121:
5117:
5115:
5114:
5110:
5109:
5108:
5105:
5102:
5101:
5096:
5095:
5091:
5089:
5086:
5084:
5081:
5077:
5074:
5073:
5072:
5071:
5067:
5065:
5064:
5060:
5056:
5053:
5051:
5048:
5046:
5043:
5041:
5040:
5036:
5034:
5031:
5029:
5028:
5024:
5022:
5019:
5017:
5014:
5012:
5009:
5007:
5004:
5002:
4999:
4997:
4996:Anglo-Burmese
4994:
4990:
4989:
4985:
4984:
4983:
4980:
4979:
4977:
4975:
4972:
4966:
4963:
4961:
4958:
4956:
4953:
4952:
4951:
4948:
4947:
4946:
4943:
4941:
4940:
4936:
4932:
4931:
4927:
4923:
4922:
4918:
4916:
4915:
4911:
4910:
4909:
4908:
4904:
4900:
4899:
4895:
4894:
4893:
4892:
4888:
4887:
4885:
4883:
4880:
4878:
4875:
4874:
4872:
4868:
4863:
4856:
4851:
4849:
4844:
4842:
4837:
4836:
4833:
4823:
4822:
4818:
4814:
4810:
4806:
4802:
4798:
4794:
4790:
4786:
4781:
4780:
4774:
4768:
4765:
4763:
4762:United States
4760:
4758:
4755:
4753:
4750:
4748:
4745:
4743:
4740:
4738:
4735:
4733:
4730:
4726:
4723:
4721:
4718:
4716:
4713:
4711:
4708:
4707:
4706:
4703:
4701:
4698:
4696:
4693:
4691:
4688:
4687:
4684:
4679:
4675:
4668:
4663:
4661:
4656:
4654:
4649:
4648:
4645:
4639:
4638:
4634:
4631:
4628:
4625:
4624:
4620:
4617:
4613:
4609:
4606:
4602:
4599:
4595:
4592:
4588:
4585:
4584:analitica.com
4581:
4577:
4574:
4570:
4567:
4563:
4560:
4556:
4552:
4549:
4545:
4541:
4538:
4537:
4532:
4531:
4527:
4518:
4512:
4508:
4501:
4498:
4493:
4487:
4483:
4476:
4473:
4468:
4462:
4458:
4457:World On Fire
4451:
4448:
4443:
4441:9780295800264
4437:
4433:
4432:
4424:
4422:
4418:
4402:
4395:
4393:
4389:
4376:
4372:
4366:
4362:
4358:
4357:
4349:
4346:
4343:
4338:
4335:
4330:
4326:
4322:
4315:
4312:
4309:
4304:
4301:
4295:
4292:
4287:
4282:
4280:
4278:
4276:
4274:
4272:
4270:
4268:
4266:
4264:
4262:
4260:
4258:
4256:
4254:
4252:
4250:
4248:
4246:
4242:
4239:
4234:
4232:
4230:
4228:
4226:
4224:
4222:
4220:
4218:
4216:
4214:
4212:
4210:
4208:
4206:
4204:
4202:
4200:
4198:
4196:
4194:
4192:
4190:
4188:
4186:
4184:
4180:
4164:
4157:
4151:
4149:
4147:
4145:
4143:
4141:
4139:
4137:
4135:
4133:
4131:
4129:
4127:
4125:
4123:
4121:
4119:
4117:
4115:
4113:
4109:
4104:
4100:
4093:
4091:
4087:
4083:
4082:
4075:
4072:
4068:
4062:
4059:
4054:
4052:9783030795344
4048:
4044:
4037:
4034:
4029:
4022:
4019:
4014:
4013:
4005:
4002:
3997:
3996:
3988:
3985:
3980:
3979:
3971:
3968:
3963:
3962:
3955:
3952:
3947:
3943:
3939:
3935:
3931:
3927:
3920:
3917:
3912:
3910:9780429678257
3906:
3903:. Routledge.
3902:
3901:
3893:
3890:
3885:
3879:
3875:
3871:
3869:
3860:
3857:
3844:
3840:
3836:
3829:
3826:
3821:
3817:
3811:
3808:
3804:
3799:
3796:
3781:
3775:
3772:
3767:
3766:
3759:
3756:
3751:
3745:
3729:
3725:
3719:
3716:
3711:
3710:homestead.com
3707:
3701:
3698:
3685:
3681:
3675:
3672:
3667:
3663:
3657:
3654:
3650:
3646:
3643:
3639:
3635:
3632:
3627:
3624:
3621:
3620:
3613:
3610:
3605:
3601:
3597:
3591:
3587:
3586:
3578:
3575:
3562:
3558:
3554:
3547:
3544:
3539:
3535:
3531:
3527:
3523:
3516:
3513:
3508:
3504:
3498:
3495:
3490:
3486:
3480:
3477:
3472:
3471:
3463:
3460:
3455:
3449:
3445:
3444:
3436:
3433:
3426:
3422:
3419:
3417:
3414:
3412:
3409:
3407:
3404:
3401:
3398:
3395:
3394:Latin America
3391:
3388:
3387:
3383:
3382:
3379:
3376:
3374:
3371:
3369:
3366:
3365:
3361:
3359:
3357:
3353:
3349:
3344:
3342:
3338:
3334:
3330:
3326:
3322:
3321:Aboitiz Power
3318:
3314:
3310:
3306:
3302:
3298:
3294:
3290:
3286:
3282:
3278:
3277:Jollibee Corp
3274:
3270:
3266:
3262:
3258:
3254:
3250:
3246:
3242:
3238:
3234:
3230:
3226:
3222:
3218:
3214:
3210:
3206:
3202:
3201:
3196:
3192:
3191:
3183:
3179:
3171:
3169:
3167:
3163:
3159:
3156:
3152:
3144:
3142:
3140:
3136:
3132:
3122:
3119:
3117:
3114:
3112:
3109:
3107:
3104:
3103:
3099:
3096:
3093:
3091:
3088:
3087:
3083:
3080:
3077:
3075:
3072:
3071:
3067:
3064:
3061:
3059:
3056:
3055:
3051:
3048:
3045:
3043:
3040:
3039:
3035:
3032:
3029:
3027:
3026:Negros Island
3024:
3023:
3019:
3016:
3013:
3011:
3008:
3007:
3003:
3000:
2997:
2995:
2992:
2991:
2987:
2984:
2981:
2979:
2976:
2975:
2971:
2968:
2965:
2963:
2960:
2959:
2955:
2952:
2949:
2947:
2944:
2943:
2939:
2936:
2933:
2931:
2928:
2927:
2923:
2920:
2917:
2915:
2912:
2911:
2907:
2904:
2901:
2899:
2896:
2895:
2891:
2888:
2885:
2883:
2880:
2879:
2875:
2872:
2869:
2867:
2864:
2863:
2859:
2856:
2853:
2851:
2848:
2847:
2843:
2840:
2837:
2835:
2832:
2831:
2827:
2824:
2821:
2819:
2816:
2815:
2811:
2808:
2805:
2803:
2800:
2799:
2795:
2792:
2789:
2787:
2784:
2783:
2779:
2776:
2773:
2771:
2768:
2767:
2763:
2760:
2757:
2755:
2752:
2751:
2747:
2744:
2741:
2739:
2736:
2735:
2731:
2728:
2725:
2723:
2720:
2719:
2715:
2712:
2709:
2707:
2704:
2703:
2700:All Tributes
2699:
2696:
2693:
2690:
2689:
2683:
2676:
2674:
2666:
2663:
2661:
2658:
2656:
2653:
2651:
2648:
2646:
2643:
2641:
2638:
2636:
2633:
2631:
2628:
2625:
2624:
2620:
2617:
2614:
2611:
2608:
2605:
2602:
2599:
2597:
2596:
2592:
2589:
2586:
2583:
2580:
2577:
2574:
2571:
2568:
2567:
2563:
2560:
2557:
2554:
2551:
2548:
2545:
2542:
2540:
2537:
2536:
2532:
2529:
2526:
2523:
2520:
2517:
2514:
2511:
2509:
2506:
2505:
2501:
2498:
2495:
2492:
2489:
2486:
2483:
2480:
2478:
2475:
2474:
2470:
2467:
2464:
2461:
2458:
2455:
2452:
2449:
2447:
2444:
2443:
2439:
2436:
2433:
2430:
2427:
2424:
2421:
2418:
2416:
2413:
2412:
2408:
2405:
2402:
2399:
2396:
2393:
2390:
2387:
2385:
2382:
2381:
2377:
2374:
2371:
2368:
2365:
2362:
2359:
2356:
2354:
2351:
2350:
2346:
2343:
2340:
2337:
2334:
2331:
2328:
2325:
2323:
2320:
2319:
2315:
2312:
2309:
2306:
2303:
2300:
2297:
2294:
2292:
2289:
2288:
2284:
2281:
2278:
2275:
2272:
2269:
2266:
2263:
2261:
2260:Fort Santiago
2258:
2257:
2253:
2250:
2247:
2244:
2241:
2238:
2235:
2232:
2230:
2227:
2226:
2222:
2219:
2216:
2213:
2210:
2207:
2204:
2201:
2199:
2196:
2195:
2189:
2182:
2180:
2173:
2170:
2166:
2161:
2160:
2154:
2152:
2147:
2143:
2141:
2137:
2131:
2129:
2125:
2121:
2117:
2114:(savages) or
2113:
2109:
2104:
2100:
2096:
2092:
2087:
2085:
2081:
2077:
2072:
2070:
2066:
2062:
2058:
2054:
2050:
2046:
2042:
2036:
2034:
2029:
2025:
2021:
2017:
2013:
2009:
2004:
1993:
1989:
1985:
1979:
1974:
1970:
1966:
1960:
1955:
1951:
1947:
1941:
1936:
1932:
1928:
1922:
1917:
1913:
1909:
1905:
1898:
1893:
1891:
1883:
1879:
1875:
1871:
1867:
1863:
1861:
1860:
1855:
1851:
1848:
1844:
1840:
1838:
1837:
1832:
1828:
1827:Christianized
1824:
1820:
1817:
1813:
1812:
1808:
1803:
1799:
1798:Christianized
1795:
1792:
1788:
1785:
1781:
1780:
1775:
1771:
1767:
1763:
1762:Christianized
1759:
1755:
1752:
1751:Christianized
1748:
1747:
1743:
1738:
1734:
1730:
1726:
1725:Christianized
1722:
1719:
1715:
1712:
1711:Christianized
1708:
1707:
1702:
1698:
1695:
1691:
1687:
1685:
1684:
1680:
1679:
1675:
1671:
1667:
1664:
1660:
1656:
1654:
1653:
1649:
1648:
1644:
1641:
1637:
1633:
1629:
1625:
1621:
1619:
1618:
1614:
1613:
1609:
1606:
1602:
1598:
1596:
1595:
1591:
1588:
1587:Christianized
1584:
1578:
1577:Spanish Crown
1574:
1570:
1566:
1562:
1561:
1555:
1551:
1547:
1545:
1544:
1540:
1539:
1535:
1534:
1528:
1524:
1520:
1516:
1515:
1510:
1506:
1502:
1501:
1496:
1492:
1491:
1486:
1484:
1483:
1479:
1478:
1474:
1473:
1467:
1463:
1461:
1460:
1456:
1453:
1452:
1447:
1443:
1439:
1436:
1434:
1430:
1426:
1422:
1418:
1414:
1410:
1406:
1401:
1399:
1395:
1394:
1389:
1385:
1376:
1372:
1368:
1364:
1359:
1355:
1351:
1347:
1343:
1338:
1335:
1331:
1327:
1323:
1319:
1314:
1311:
1307:
1303:
1299:
1295:
1291:
1286:
1281:
1275:
1271:
1266:
1261:
1257:
1253:
1249:
1245:
1244:Takayama Ukon
1240:
1235:
1231:
1227:
1223:
1219:
1215:
1211:
1207:
1203:
1199:にっけい / にっけいじん
1194:
1191:
1178:
1174:
1170:
1166:
1162:
1161:Protestantism
1158:
1153:
1150:
1146:
1142:
1138:
1134:
1130:
1125:
1122:
1118:
1114:
1110:
1106:
1102:
1098:
1094:
1090:
1086:
1082:
1078:
1074:
1070:
1066:
1062:
1058:
1054:
1050:
1046:
1042:
1038:
1034:
1030:
1026:
1022:
1018:
1014:
1010:
1006:
1002:
998:
994:
990:
985:
978:
973:
961:
959:
957:
953:
952:
947:
943:
939:
935:
933:
929:
925:
921:
916:
914:
909:
904:
902:
901:
896:
892:
888:
884:
880:
877:
873:
869:
865:
861:
857:
854:
850:
846:
845:Amoy (Xiamen)
842:
838:
834:
829:
827:
823:
819:
815:
805:
801:
797:
792:
789:
785:
781:
777:
773:
769:
768:Protestantism
765:
761:
757:
752:
749:
745:
744:Hakka Chinese
741:
737:
733:
729:
725:
721:
717:
713:
708:
705:
701:
697:
693:
689:
685:
681:
677:
673:
669:
665:
661:
657:
653:
649:
645:
641:
637:
633:
628:
624:
619:
614:
609:
603:
598:
594:
590:
586:
582:
578:
574:
570:
566:咱儂 / 咱人 / 華菲人
563:
553:
547:
539:
537:
535:
531:
527:
523:
519:
515:
511:
507:
503:
499:
495:
490:
486:
476:
472:
467:
463:
462:Protestantism
459:
455:
451:
446:
442:
438:
434:
429:
424:
419:
414:
408:
403:
400:
391:
385:
377:
372:
370:
368:
363:
359:
355:
351:
350:
345:
342:
338:
337:
332:
328:
324:
320:
316:
312:
308:
300:
299:
293:
282:
277:
275:
270:
268:
263:
262:
260:
259:
254:
251:
249:
246:
245:
244:
243:
240:
236:
231:
230:
226:
224:
223:
222:Ethnic groups
219:
217:
216:
212:
210:
209:
205:
203:
202:
198:
196:
195:
191:
190:
189:
188:
184:
180:
179:
176:
170:
163:
159:
155:
151:
147:
143:
139:
134:
130:
126:
121:
116:
111:
107:
103:
98:
93:
88:
83:
79:
75:
72:
68:
64:
58:
53:
44:
41:
37:
33:
19:
5292:
5178:Ethnogenesis
5145:
5125:
5118:
5111:
5099:
5092:
5068:
5061:
5037:
5025:
5020:
5001:Anglo-Indian
4986:
4938:
4928:
4919:
4912:
4905:
4896:
4890:
4783:
4778:
4777:
4751:
4636:
4622:
4615:
4604:
4597:
4590:
4583:
4565:
4558:
4547:
4534:
4506:
4500:
4481:
4475:
4456:
4450:
4430:
4408:. Retrieved
4379:. Retrieved
4355:
4348:
4337:
4328:
4324:
4314:
4303:
4294:
4170:. Retrieved
4103:the original
4080:
4074:
4066:
4061:
4042:
4036:
4027:
4021:
4011:
4004:
3994:
3987:
3977:
3970:
3960:
3954:
3929:
3925:
3919:
3899:
3892:
3873:
3867:
3859:
3847:. Retrieved
3843:the original
3838:
3828:
3820:the original
3810:
3798:
3786:. Retrieved
3774:
3764:
3758:
3734:February 26,
3732:. Retrieved
3728:the original
3718:
3709:
3700:
3688:. Retrieved
3684:the original
3674:
3665:
3656:
3626:
3618:
3612:
3584:
3577:
3565:. Retrieved
3561:the original
3556:
3546:
3529:
3525:
3515:
3506:
3497:
3488:
3479:
3469:
3462:
3442:
3435:
3402:of Indonesia
3351:
3347:
3345:
3301:Razon family
3199:
3194:
3188:
3186:
3148:
3127:
3120:
3115:
3110:
3105:
2680:
2671:
2664:
2659:
2654:
2649:
2644:
2639:
2634:
2629:
2197:
2186:
2177:
2168:
2163:
2159:
2156:
2151:John Bowring
2148:
2144:
2139:
2135:
2132:
2123:
2119:
2118:(infidels).
2115:
2111:
2107:
2102:
2094:
2088:
2083:
2075:
2073:
2068:
2064:
2056:
2052:
2048:
2045:peninsulares
2044:
2040:
2038:
2032:
2027:
2023:
2019:
2015:
2011:
2007:
2002:
1999:
1983:
1964:
1945:
1926:
1889:
1857:
1850:Austronesian
1834:
1810:
1806:
1794:Austronesian
1778:
1745:
1741:
1721:Austronesian
1705:
1697:Austronesian
1682:
1673:
1666:Austronesian
1651:
1643:Austronesian
1616:
1608:Austronesian
1593:
1582:
1568:
1557:
1541:
1530:
1512:
1498:
1489:
1480:
1469:
1459:Peninsulares
1457:
1449:
1428:
1420:
1416:
1412:
1408:
1404:
1402:
1391:
1381:
1346:Christianity
1306:Ilocos Norte
1294:Metro Manila
1279:
1273:
1229:
1225:
1221:
1217:
1213:
1209:
1205:
1201:
1184:Ethnic group
1172:
1164:
1144:
1136:
1121:Metro Manila
1116:
1108:
1100:
1092:
1084:
1076:
1068:
1060:
1052:
1044:
1036:
1028:
1020:
1012:
1004:
996:
993:Angeles City
966:Ethnic group
950:
936:
934:from birth.
917:
905:
898:
876:"cargadores"
875:
830:
810:
760:Christianity
636:Metro Manila
622:
592:
588:
584:
580:
576:
572:
568:
556:Ethnic group
482:
454:Christianity
394:Ethnic group
347:
335:
334:
310:
304:
296:
227:
220:
213:
206:
199:
192:
120:Christianity
46:Ethnic group
43:
5200:Melting pot
5140:Mixed-blood
5045:Luso-Asians
5039:Luk khrueng
4886:Brazilians
4862:Multiracial
4813:Mixed-blood
4752:Philippines
4737:El Salvador
4381:February 3,
4172:February 3,
3690:December 1,
3567:December 1,
3416:Multiracial
3400:Indo people
3217:bourgeoisie
2950:28,112-1/2
2902:19,686-1/2
2854:44,852-1/2
2806:16,604-1/2
2790:16,586-1/2
2742:14,392-1/2
2710:14,437-1/2
2128:Catholicism
1674:"xaponéses"
1554:Philippines
1444:Definition
958:currently.
652:Metro Davao
623:1.5 million
426:Philippines
307:Philippines
80:, and even
5307:Categories
5011:Dutch Indo
4978:Eurasians
4877:Afro-Asian
4805:Half-caste
4801:Half-breed
4680:by country
3427:References
3411:Afro-Asian
3297:Ayala Corp
3121:424,992-16
3090:Calamianes
2866:Pangasinan
2726:5,724-1/2
2353:Calamianes
2174:Statistics
2120:Remontados
2084:Americanos
2076:Americanos
1946:La Mestisa
1927:El Mestiso
1866:indigenous
1845:, usually
1569:Cristianos
1523:Amerindian
1509:Amerindian
1487:Person of
1252:Kirishitan
1113:Metro Cebu
1025:Tuguegarao
924:Communists
918:After the
860:Taishanese
818:Intramuros
722:and other
660:Pangasinan
550:See also:
388:See also:
358:Amerindian
248:Indigenous
129:Protestant
127:majority,
63:José Rizal
30:See also:
5251:Diasporas
5088:Melungeon
5070:Hùnxuě'ér
4982:Amerasian
4945:Coloureds
4767:Venezuela
4757:Sri Lanka
4410:March 23,
3849:August 9,
3788:April 23,
3604:607715621
3406:Amerasian
3323:, etc.),
3311:, etc.),
3271:, etc.),
3259:, etc.),
3257:Robinsons
3253:JG Summit
3247:, etc.),
3237:Sy family
3190:Tornatrás
3164:with any
3162:Filipinos
3135:Zamboanga
3133:20%, and
2898:Camarines
2892:11,244-6
2812:27,358-1
2796:25,760-5
2764:21,579-7
2748:19,448-6
2716:27,897-7
2691:Province
2539:Zamboanga
2124:tulisanes
2108:naturales
2080:mulattoes
2069:tornatrás
2053:insulares
2033:(native)
2028:(native)
2024:(native)
2020:(native)
2016:(native)
2012:(native)
2008:(native)
2003:(native)
1994:, c. 1841
1971:, c. 1841
1952:, c. 1841
1933:, c. 1841
1843:Islamized
1699:descent.
1645:descent.
1617:Tornatrás
1610:descent.
1585:(usually
1573:Christian
1558:from the
1531:from the
1482:Americano
1470:from the
1429:Filipino"
1316:Languages
1222:Nikkeijin
1127:Languages
1089:Koronadal
868:Guangzhou
856:Cantonese
837:Zhangzhou
822:Christian
736:Cantonese
710:Languages
621:At least
534:Zamboanga
510:Zamboanga
502:Chavacano
431:Languages
239:Filipinos
215:Languages
208:Religions
131:minority)
100:Languages
5265:See also
5152:Quadroon
5076:Chindian
5055:Topasses
5050:Macanese
5033:Kristang
4921:mameluco
4898:caiçaras
4720:Mestiços
4715:Caiçaras
4710:Caboclos
4695:Colombia
4375:Archived
4163:Archived
3744:cite web
3645:Archived
3634:Archived
3526:Archipel
3362:See also
3343:), etc.
3307:(ICTSI,
3265:LT Group
3241:SM Group
3200:Filipino
2905:154-1/2
2873:719-1/2
2834:Zambales
2802:Pampanga
2780:4,000-8
2754:Batangas
2732:9,132-4
2477:Moluccas
2198:Location
2116:infieles
2112:salvajes
2099:negritos
2061:criollos
2049:in Spain
1912:Japanese
1670:Japanese
1583:Mestizos
1533:Americas
1417:sangleys
1409:negritos
1354:Buddhism
1340:Religion
1328:, other
1326:Filipino
1322:Japanese
1310:La Union
1210:Haponesa
1177:Buddhism
1155:Religion
1133:Filipino
1105:Cotabato
1065:Pagadian
1057:Olongapo
883:"Fukien"
853:Macanese
849:Quanzhou
841:Quanzhou
780:Buddhism
754:Religion
732:Mandarin
716:Filipino
664:Pampanga
448:Religion
437:Filipino
362:European
354:Americas
344:Filipino
323:Filipino
253:Mestizos
113:Religion
84:, roots.
82:Japanese
5338:Mestizo
5225:Plaçage
5220:Passing
5183:Exogamy
5166:History
5157:Sacatra
5146:mulatos
5113:castizo
5107:Mestizo
5094:mestiço
5083:Marabou
5006:Burgher
4988:Bụi đời
4960:Griquas
4955:Basters
4914:caboclo
4891:juçaras
4821:Passing
4809:Ladinos
4793:Castizo
4732:Ecuador
4700:Bolivia
4678:Mestiço
4674:Mestizo
3946:2140422
3868:mestizo
3557:msu.edu
3532:: 142.
3348:mestizo
3327:(Smart
3309:Solaire
3195:mestizo
3158:Chinese
3111:299,049
3084:11,620
3074:Antique
3068:14,867
3062:11,459
3052:37,760
3046:29,723
3010:Misamis
2988:10,011
2985:37-1/2
2956:28,863
2930:Tayabas
2924:16,093
2918:12,339
2908:24,994
2882:Cagayan
2876:25,366
2870:19,836
2860:68,856
2786:Bulacan
2770:Mindoro
2758:15,014
2446:Formosa
2322:Cagayan
2136:negrito
2041:blancos
1988:Sangley
1908:Chinese
1884:, etc.
1882:Mamanwa
1859:Negrito
1823:Chinese
1807:Sangley
1768:of the
1758:Chinese
1742:Sangley
1731:of the
1659:Chinese
1636:Chinese
1632:Spanish
1628:Chinese
1624:Spanish
1601:Spanish
1550:Spanish
1519:Spanish
1514:Mestizo
1505:Spanish
1500:Castizo
1495:Spanish
1490:Criollo
1466:Spanish
1421:blancos
1334:English
1302:Visayas
1230:Japinoy
1206:Hapones
1041:Legazpi
1033:Calapan
1017:Calamba
926:in the
833:Hokkien
800:Sangley
740:Teochew
728:Hokkien
720:English
585:Lannang
573:Chinita
569:Chinito
546:Sangley
522:Bacolod
518:Ternate
494:Spanish
485:Spanish
373:History
349:mestizo
327:Tagalog
315:Spanish
305:In the
142:Sangley
78:Spanish
74:Chinese
71:Hokkien
67:Tagalog
5127:coyote
5100:ainoko
4974:Dougla
4965:Oorlam
4939:cafuzo
4930:sarará
4864:topics
4789:Bronze
4747:Panama
4742:Mexico
4725:Pardos
4705:Brazil
4690:Belize
4513:
4488:
4463:
4438:
4367:
4049:
3944:
3907:
3880:
3602:
3592:
3450:
3178:PAGASA
3116:13,201
3100:3,161
3094:2,289
3078:9,228
3042:Iloilo
3036:7,176
3030:5,741
3020:1,674
3014:1,278
3004:4,977
2998:3,497
2994:Caraga
2982:7,678
2972:4,060
2966:3,042
2940:9,228
2934:7,396
2886:9,888
2850:Ilocos
2844:4,389
2838:1,136
2828:5,433
2822:3,082
2818:Bataan
2809:2,641
2793:2,007
2777:3-1/2
2774:3,165
2738:Laguna
2722:Cavite
2713:3,528
2569:Other
2384:Caraga
2291:Cavite
2229:Manila
2140:indios
2095:Indios
1910:, and
1847:native
1791:native
1718:native
1694:native
1690:Indian
1663:native
1640:native
1638:, and
1605:native
1521:, 1/2
1511:), or
1507:, 1/4
1405:indios
1350:Shinto
1300:, the
1248:daimyō
1226:Japino
1218:Nikkei
1173:·
1171:
1165:·
1163:
1145:·
1143:
1137:·
1135:
1117:·
1115:
1109:·
1107:
1101:·
1099:
1097:Butuan
1093:·
1091:
1085:·
1083:
1077:·
1075:
1069:·
1067:
1061:·
1059:
1053:·
1051:
1049:Iloilo
1045:·
1043:
1037:·
1035:
1029:·
1027:
1021:·
1019:
1013:·
1011:
1005:·
1003:
1001:Baguio
997:·
995:
879:coolie
814:Parián
788:Daoism
692:Lucena
684:Laguna
668:Tarlac
656:Negros
640:Baguio
593:Tsinoy
589:Chinoy
577:Intsik
530:Iloilo
514:Cavite
498:Basque
460:, and
341:native
301:, 1734
201:Census
38:, and
5284:Notes
5239:Lists
5135:Métis
5120:cholo
4907:pardo
4870:Terms
4817:Pardo
4797:Cholo
4404:(PDF)
4331:(11).
4166:(PDF)
4159:(PDF)
3942:JSTOR
3783:(PDF)
3390:Casta
3356:Pinoy
3352:tisoy
3131:Bicol
3106:TOTAL
3058:Capiz
2978:Leyte
2962:Samar
2914:Albay
2706:Tondo
2665:1,572
2660:1,632
2645:2,085
2640:2,067
2635:1,633
2630:1,533
2223:1672
2220:1670
2217:1655
2214:1654
2211:1644
2208:1642
2205:1636
2202:1603
2103:Indio
2059:i.e.
1878:Batak
1811:Chino
1779:Indio
1746:Chino
1706:Indio
1517:(1/2
1503:(3/4
1441:Term
1393:casta
1298:Davao
1202:Hapon
1175:
1167:
1147:
1139:
1119:
1111:
1103:
1095:
1087:
1081:Davao
1079:
1071:
1063:
1055:
1047:
1039:
1031:
1023:
1015:
1007:
999:
864:Macau
862:from
784:Islam
772:P.I.C
688:Rizal
680:Laoag
676:Vigan
336:Tisoy
5063:Hapa
5027:Hāfu
4676:and
4511:ISBN
4486:ISBN
4461:ISBN
4436:ISBN
4412:2021
4383:2024
4365:ISBN
4174:2024
4047:ISBN
3905:ISBN
3878:ISBN
3851:2016
3790:2012
3750:link
3736:2014
3692:2007
3600:OCLC
3590:ISBN
3569:2007
3448:ISBN
3299:.),
3279:.),
3049:166
2969:103
2953:625
2946:Cebu
2921:146
2857:631
2825:619
2761:451
2745:336
2729:859
2572:255
2555:184
2546:210
2533:169
2530:169
2508:Otón
2493:389
2487:507
2484:480
2453:180
2440:135
2437:135
2415:Cebu
2347:155
2344:155
2316:211
2313:225
2254:667
2251:708
2248:799
2245:821
2242:407
2236:446
2233:900
2089:The
1870:Aeta
1836:Moro
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