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As the
Philippines gained its sovereignty from America, patriotism once again became a central theme in Filipino literature. Besides stories of Filipino mythology and history, there was also a boom in tales depicting the simple life of the common Filipino. These stories often took place in the
703:
brought a larger wave of nationalistic literary works. A bulk of the writers of the era were propagandists and revolutionaries who wanted either representation of the
Filipino people or total independence from Spanish authority. These include the works of
764:" in the Philippines, allowing for flexible poetry, prose, and other wordcraft. The introduction of the English language was also of equal importance, as it became one of the most common languages that Filipino writers would use back then until today.
547:
389:, culture, and foreign influences, evolving throughout different periods while also adopting common writing philosophies and movements of the time. Philippine literature encompasses literary media written in various local languages as well as in
790:
During this time, there was also a resurgence of interest in
Filipino mythology and folklore, and many works concerning them would be published, with the most well-known being the many anonymous stories about the folk character
779:, unreal language, and unsubtle emphasis on local color. Short stories also gained popularity during this period with many serials and stories published independently or through newspapers. The most well-known was
1741:
873:. By this time, there became a focus on criticizing and satirizing the current status of the Philippines rather than just celebrating the nation like those before it. These works include the powerful
445:
lifestyle in the highlands bred stories of adventures far moreso than other
Filipinos living in the lowlands. Ilocano used an improvised, versified, and at times impromptu, long epic poem called a
885:
400:
According to journalist Nena
Jimenez, the most common and consistent element of Philippine literature is its short and quick yet highly interpersonal sentences, with themes of
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1946:
1973:
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1919:
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653:. Balagtas's title, which combines history, romance, and religion, became the premier Filipino story taught in schools nationwide. Another influential writer was
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are also most present in
Philippine literature. Many of these elements used by Filipino writers had an impact in the history of literature as a whole.
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paved the way for newer styles and genres. Compared to the more rigid literature of the
Spanish era, the American period saw the popularity of the "
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522:. During this time, different oral myths and folk tales were developed, eventually leading to their embeddement in Filipino culture, such as
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Blanton, S. (2016). A Threshold of
Flowers: Public and Private Eroticism in the Poems of Leona Florentino. University of North Carolina.
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The rise of mass printing and digital technology led to better accessibility for
Filipino authors who wanted to publish their work. The
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1983:
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led to the introduction of
European literary traditions. Many of these were influenced heavily by the Spanish language and the
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had become a revolutionary tool for Filipino authors to reach readers outside of the Philippines. Publishing houses like
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making impacts in poetry history for introducing the style of comma poetry and the "reversed consonance rhyme scheme".
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is literature associated with the Philippines from prehistory, through its colonial legacies, and on to the present.
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657:, the mother of Philippine women's literature whose work catapulted feminism to the forefront of the revolution.
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BĂșhay na Pinagdaanan ni Juan Tamad na Anac ni Fabio at ni Sofia: Sa Caharian nang Portugal na Hinango sa Novela
1240:
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Around this time, several Filipinos began to dabble into current literary trends, tackling modern issues of
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is conferred to Filipinos with "exquisite contribution to Philippine art". The artists are chosen by the
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690:) was published in 1890. One of the most influential Spanish-language Filipino newspaper also include
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The 21st century also saw the rise in popularity of many Filipina writers. One of the most famous is
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869:(1973-1984). Later on, political and protest literature became wildly present, especially during the
723:
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Frank R. Blake American Anthropologist, New Series, Vol. 13, No. 3 (Jul. - Sep. 1911), pp. 449-457
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51:
1761:"America Is in the Heart: A Personal History" by Carlos Bulosan (Introduction by Carey McWilliams)
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The styles and themes used in Philippine literature were born from a combination of the countryâs
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Mabanglo, R. E. (2020). Leona Florentino: Mother of Filipina poetry. Philippine Graphic.
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696:(1901), printed in Manila by members of the Guerrero de Ermita family until the 1940s.
623:
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519:
449:, delivered and narrated in a song-like manner. The most famous of these epics was the
438:
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whose books tackled history and morality. Other contemporary Filipina writers include
989:
fiction, many of which were inspired by Filipino mythology from Maria Makiling to the
3409:
1715:
1469:
1406:
1177:
1029:
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851:(1946), which became one of the earliest glimpses and representations of the life of
810:
countryside, and portrayed every day Filipino activities like church-going, farming,
733:
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1107:
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Awardees of the National Artist of the Philippines Order, for Literature, include:
1025:
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772:
646:
523:
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17:
2008:
1655:
Elmer A. Ordoñez's Book Review, The Sunday Times/The Manila Times, March 14, 2004
2049:
1235:
1012:, a Filipino-Australian who gained acclaim for her collection of poets entitled
1009:
990:
982:
949:
913:
598:
437:, the ethnicity that had the richest history in terms of story-telling were the
1609:
1203:
793:
761:
546:
1001:
genre, and one who popularized the use of international Filipino terms like â
981:. Two of the most popular Filipino writers of the early 21st century include
815:
776:
705:
494:
85:
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797:(1919). The level of poetry in the Philippines had also risen, with poet
714:
514:
2018:
1453:
998:
953:
860:
593:
535:
417:
1716:"Representative Texts and Authors From Each Region in The Philippines"
1305:
458:
Other forms of literature written by pre-colonial Ilocano were songs (
1719:
635:. Many Filipino authors rose to prominence during this time, such as
583:
482:). Other traditional Filipino epics by other ethnicities include the
1445:
787:(1940), which won first prize in the Commonwealth Literary Contest.
3029:
1584:"THE SPIRIT OF NĂNAY: Pedro Paterno and the First Philippine Novel"
2963:
2780:
1002:
499:
442:
405:
313:
758:
American occupation and eventual colonization of the Philippines
3033:
2022:
908:
soared in popularity, making names of writers and artists like
785:
How My Brother Leon Brought Home a Wife and Other Short Stories
1654:
1630:
664:, was published in the country. Other early newspapers were
50:
826:. Other prominent writers during the mid-20th century were
1910:"Otaku Girl (Book Review): Where Memes and Literature Mix"
1558:"In Defense of Freedom: Philippine Press Through the Ages"
1056:. The Order is given by the President of the Philippines.
859:
is also a similar author who tackled social injustice and
1501:"K to 12 Gabay Pangkurikulum; FILIPINO; (Baitang 1 - 10)"
896:
It was around this period as well that the golden age of
2013:
775:. The early writings in English were characterized by
726:, who edited and published the pro-Filipino newspaper
1475:. Westport, CT: Greenwood Publishing Group. pp.
1512:(in Filipino). May 2016. p. 159. Archived from
3363:
3323:
3067:
2904:
2789:
2614:
2484:
2355:
2291:
2164:
2097:
2066:
2057:
1947:
Official Gazette of the Republic of the Philippines
1382:"Escapist Dream by Louis Bulaong (A Retrospective)"
845:Carlos Bulosan, in particular, published the novel
712:, who wrote the first novel written by a Filipino,
977:, while also introducing international readers to
944:flourished, and there was a rise in popularity of
818:. The most well-known example was the short story
767:The first English novel written by a Filipino was
682:(1884), which was issued in Ilocos. In Cebu City,
1562:National Historical Commission of the Philippines
1770:, University of Washington Press, washington.edu
904:emerged. Many Filipino comic books, strips, and
660:On December 1, 1846, the first daily newspaper,
1467:Hawley, John Charles; Nelson, Emmanuel (2001).
575:Spanish colonization of the Philippine islands
3045:
2034:
1942:"List of National Artists of the Philippines"
351:
8:
2009:Tagabawa-language texts at Project Gutenberg
1979:National Commission for Culture and the Arts
1691:
1689:
1420:
1418:
1103:, National Artist for Theater and Literature
1050:National Commission for Culture and the Arts
1046:Order of National Artists of the Philippines
1849:List of Well-Known Filipino Wattpad Authors
1556:Gregorio, Ferdinan S. (September 4, 2012).
1322:The Literary Forms in Philippine Literature
1124:, National Artist for Historical Literature
678:(1852). The first provincial newspaper was
3052:
3038:
3030:
2786:
2620:
2490:
2352:
2297:
2170:
2063:
2041:
2027:
2019:
1354:
1352:
1110:, National Artist for Music and Literature
736:, who wrote two famous novels in Spanish,
732:(1889); and the Philippine national hero,
581:. These traditions include poetry such as
358:
344:
28:
985:, who made a name for herself publishing
1610:"José Rizal and the Propaganda Movement"
545:
1331:
1329:
1317:
1315:
1313:
1300:
1298:
1296:
1292:
256:
171:
125:
60:
40:
956:. The first title to achieve this was
412:, and a variation of English known as
408:, and persistence. The use of commas,
1833:âKOMIKSâ INDUSTRY FIGHTS FOR SURVIVAL
7:
1922:from the original on August 28, 2024
1471:Encyclopedia of Postcolonial Studies
997:, who is an important figure in the
1882:northernplunder (October 5, 2018).
1427:"A Survey of Philippine Folk Epics"
1631:"The life and works of Jose Rizal"
1054:Cultural Center of the Philippines
1016:(2013), which contained themes of
25:
1806:Pineda, DLS (February 22, 2014).
1780:Jose, F. Sionil (July 30, 2003).
3014:
3013:
3002:
1338:"5 Best Modern Filipino Writers"
1251:Philippine literature in Spanish
1246:Philippine literature in English
1220:
1206:
1194:, National Artist for Literature
1187:, National Artist for Literature
1180:, National Artist for Literature
1173:, National Artist for Literature
1166:, National Artist for Literature
1159:, National Artist for Literature
1152:, National Artist for Literature
1145:, National Artist for Literature
1138:, National Artist for Literature
1131:, National Artist for Literature
1117:, National Artist for Literature
1096:, National Artist for Literature
1089:, National Artist for Literature
1082:, National Artist for Literature
1075:, National Artist for Literature
1068:, National Artist for Literature
1024:, a childrenâs book author from
433:According to Filipino historian
327:
1808:"So you think you love Marcos?"
1747:University of Southern Mindanao
1040:National Artists for Literature
3375:British Indian Ocean Territory
1407:History of the Filipino people
1:
820:My Brotherâs Peculiar Chicken
2508:Business process outsourcing
1672:(in Tagalog). CHIZINE PUBN.
676:Boletin Oficial de Filipinas
1974:"Order of National Artists"
1782:"Sense of the City: Manila"
1425:Manuel, E. Arsenio (1963).
601:; religious dramas such as
3432:
1861:"Panget's beautiful story"
1666:Anonymous (May 24, 2017).
621:; and secular dramas like
43:Culture of the Philippines
2985:
2623:
2493:
2300:
2173:
1884:"Spooky Q+A: Rin Chupeco"
842:, and Rolando S. Rinio.
563:together with its sequel
3130:East Timor (Timor-Leste)
2412:House of Representatives
2305:Administrative divisions
1766:August 23, 2010, at the
1241:List of Filipino writers
855:immigrants in the West.
555:is a novel published by
3385:Cocos (Keeling) Islands
1701:August 9, 2007, at the
1509:Department of Education
848:America Is In The Heart
710:Pedro Alejandro Paterno
34:Part of a series on the
3009:Philippines portal
2553:Science and technology
1434:Asian Folklore Studies
1052:(Philippines) and the
570:
536:several creation myths
55:
3416:Philippine literature
2964:Sport and martial art
2380:Executive departments
1742:"A Survey of Authors"
1271:Pangasinan literature
1266:Hiligaynon literature
1178:RamĂłn Larupay Muzones
886:Conjugal Dictatorship
701:Philippine Revolution
561:Philippine Revolution
549:
478:), and lamentations (
371:Philippine literature
314:Sport and martial art
54:
3300:United Arab Emirates
2829:Fashion and clothing
2670:Environmental issues
2597:Water and sanitation
2434:Regional Trial Court
2279:World Heritage Sites
1714:Escabel, Gabrielle.
1519:on February 14, 2019
1185:Resil Buagas Mojares
1020:. Another writer is
918:Francisco V. Coching
876:Mga Ibong Mandaragit
724:Marcelo H. del Pilar
720:Graciano LĂłpez Jaena
688:The Bulletin of Cebu
154:Fashion and clothing
3325:States with limited
2819:Cultural properties
2585:Tourist attractions
2132:Japanese occupation
1839:(October 17, 2010).
1831:Macaraig, Mynardo.
1812:The Philippine Star
1740:Adame, Lyn (2021).
1388:on October 29, 2020
1361:"Jose Garcia Villa"
1164:Lazaro A. Francisco
1143:Virgilio S. Almario
1094:Francisco Arcellana
769:The Child of Sorrow
651:Singsing ng Pagibig
185:Cultural Properties
126:Arts and literature
18:Filipino literature
2834:Historical markers
2692:Indigenous peoples
2568:Telecommunications
2342:Political families
2183:Biosphere reserves
1837:Planet Philippines
1582:Matibag, Eugenio.
1276:Tagalog literature
1261:Ilokano literature
1256:Cebuano literature
1214:Philippines portal
1192:GĂ©mino Henson Abad
1171:Cirilo F. Bautista
1157:Bienvenido Lumbera
1066:Amado V. Hernandez
1005:â in his stories.
881:Amado V. Hernandez
783:and his anthology
771:(1921) written by
684:El BoletĂn de CebĂș
637:Francisco Balagtas
571:
485:Hudhud ni Aliguyon
429:Precolonial period
334:Philippines portal
195:Historical markers
96:indigenous peoples
56:
3403:
3402:
3367:other territories
3027:
3026:
2981:
2980:
2977:
2976:
2891:Traditional games
2726:Income inequality
2709:Human trafficking
2610:
2609:
2573:Telephone numbers
2480:
2479:
2476:
2475:
2347:Political parties
2320:Foreign relations
2287:
2286:
2160:
2159:
2145:Marcos presidency
2136:Postcolonial era
1915:Voice Media Group
1863:. October 6, 2013
1679:978-1-374-87756-6
1635:www.joserizal.com
1411:Teodoro Agoncillo
1346:September 5, 2020
1228:Literature portal
1073:Jose Garcia Villa
891:Primitivo Mijares
840:Lualhati Bautista
836:Bienvenido Santos
805:Late 20th century
799:Jose Garcia Villa
745:El Filibusterismo
642:Florante at Laura
566:El filibusterismo
559:that sparked the
435:Teodoro Agoncillo
368:
367:
16:(Redirected from
3423:
3380:Christmas Island
3365:Dependencies and
3068:Sovereign states
3061:Asian_literature
3054:
3047:
3040:
3031:
3017:
3016:
3007:
3006:
3005:
2787:
2741:Overseas workers
2663:Higher education
2621:
2491:
2429:Court of Appeals
2385:Executive office
2353:
2298:
2171:
2112:Pre-colonial era
2064:
2043:
2036:
2029:
2020:
1996:
1995:
1993:
1991:
1982:. Archived from
1970:
1964:
1963:
1961:
1959:
1954:on April 3, 2023
1950:. Archived from
1938:
1932:
1931:
1929:
1927:
1908:Hannigan, Carl.
1905:
1899:
1898:
1896:
1894:
1888:Northern Plunder
1879:
1873:
1872:
1870:
1868:
1857:
1851:
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1840:
1829:
1823:
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1464:
1458:
1457:
1431:
1422:
1413:
1404:
1398:
1397:
1395:
1393:
1384:. Archived from
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1372:
1371:
1369:
1367:
1356:
1347:
1345:
1333:
1324:
1319:
1308:
1302:
1281:Waray literature
1230:
1225:
1224:
1223:
1216:
1211:
1210:
1209:
1101:Rolando S. Tinio
1087:Carlos P. Romulo
1034:Merlie M. Alunan
1022:Yvette Fernandez
979:Filipino culture
922:Carlo J. Caparas
722:and later on by
671:Diario de Manila
655:Leona Florentino
639:, the author of
414:Filipino-English
360:
353:
346:
331:
260:
44:
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29:
21:
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3319:
3110:Burma (Myanmar)
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3058:
3028:
3023:
3003:
3001:
2973:
2900:
2869:Public holidays
2785:
2714:Sex trafficking
2606:
2472:
2390:Law enforcement
2351:
2283:
2247:Protected areas
2156:
2125:American period
2093:
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2047:
2005:
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1999:
1989:
1987:
1972:
1971:
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1957:
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1800:
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1774:
1768:Wayback Machine
1759:
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693:El Renacimiento
680:El Eco de Vigan
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