49:
2034:
278:
711:
insects, stones, to pins). Earth (soil), fire, herbs, spices, candles, oils and kitchenwares and utensils are often used for rituals, charms, spells and potions. In some instances, the ingredients of the ritual themselves determine the effects. For example, adding seawater to a boiling pot "linked" to a victim is said to cause the victim's belly to swell and ache in time with the
3713:
1197:
if through the ears and other similar cases. The resulting illness is supposedly resistant to conventional medical treatment and only reveals its true nature when the victim succumbs and flying insects issue forth from bodily cavities. In reality, it is possible a carnivorous beetle could lay eggs in
1188:
root. When the practitioner decides to employ his dark art, he performs a prayer ritual wherein he whispers instructions and identifies the victim to the beetles. The destructive insects are then set free and to seek out the victim and gain entry into the body via any bodily orifice: the nose, mouth,
710:
like hair or nail clippings. These are activated by chants, spells, or symbols (sometimes syncretized with
Christian or Muslim rituals). The sorcerer then either harms the effigy to cause corresponding harm to the victim, or physically "sends" objects into the victim's body (which can range from
616:
like hair or nail clippings. These are activated by chants, spells, or symbols (sometimes syncretized with
Christian or Muslim rituals). The sorcerer then either harms the effigy to cause corresponding harm to the victim, or physically "sends" objects into the victim's body (which can range from
1339:
can kill the caster. Other healing rituals against sorcery do not harm the caster, but instead supposedly moves them to pity and thus revoke the curse. Illnesses believed to be caused by sorcery are treated with counter-spells, simple antidotes, and physical healing. Darker forms of remedies to
1224:). They can affect not only people, but also plants, animals, and inanimate objects. They cause harm by complimenting someone or something, either unwittingly or with malevolent intent. To protect against this, people carefully avoid accepting compliments from strangers and may say the phrase "
1117:
are candle lighting rituals, scrying or tawas, recitation of spells, and concocting potions. Healer-sorcerers who practice Kulam usually justify it as a form of criminal punishment, as a widespread belief is that black magic does not work on people who are innocent. Their targets are usually
385:
and related practices, depending on the ethnic group they are associated with. Witchcraft in the
Philippines is completely different from modern Western notions of a "witch", as each ethnic group has their own definition and practices attributed to witches. In the Philippines, witches in the
791:" in English sources. These witches actually include a variety of different kinds of people with differing occupations and cultural connotations which depend on the ethnic group they are associated with. They are completely different from the Western notion of what a witch is. They include
1122:. There are also "true" sorcerers who are said to have hereditary sorcerous powers. Unlike healers, they do not consider the justice of their actions. The latter type of sorcerers are often conflated with the evil supernatural beings capable of appearing human, like
545:. There are also "true" sorcerers who are said to have hereditary sorcerous powers. Unlike healers, they do not consider the justice of their actions. The latter type of sorcerers are often conflated with the evil supernatural beings capable of appearing human, like
386:
traditional non-Westernized sense are malevolent forces who can be sought after to inflict curses on others, although in few instances, they can also bring justice when injustices occur by way of curses. The curses and other machinations of witches can be lifted by
617:
insects, stones, to pins). In some instances, the ingredients of the ritual themselves determine the effects. For example, adding seawater to a boiling pot "linked" to a victim is said to cause the victim's belly to swell and ache in time with the
390:
associated with the indigenous
Philippine folk religions. When shamans were demonized by colonizers and followers of the colonial faiths, most shamans were replaced by traditional healers influenced by the Christian or Islamic faiths.
1171:
use a strand of hair from their chosen victim and tie it to the bugs or worms which they will use as a medium. When they prick the bug, the victim immediately experiences the intended effect. The name is derived from the word
1335:(counter-spells or antidotes), which are themselves, a form of sorcery and do not usually require interaction with the spirits. They purportedly deflect the effects of the curse and return it to the caster. In extreme cases,
682:(counter-spells or antidotes), which are themselves, a form of sorcery and do not usually require interaction with the spirits. They purportedly deflect the effects of the curse and return it to the caster. In extreme cases,
536:
Filipino witches are believed to have powers that cause harm to other people covertly. Healer-sorcerers who practice this kind of sorcery usually justify it as a form of criminal punishment, as a widespread belief is that
1146:
as mainly doing only love potions and malicious curses, but more extreme depictions claim they can summon ghosts to haunt dolls, raise the dead (or at least control dead bodies), and other things related to necromancy.
671:. People accused of black magic were often subject to ostracization and in many cases, violence. This was especially true during the Spanish colonial period, where in one instance in the mid-19th century, a Filipino
4047:
2000:
1350:(Stingray's Tail) until the afflicted is forced to divulge the witch's name and confronting him or her. This is done in the belief that the one who is getting hurt is the witch and not the bewitched.
1316:
for treatment. In most cases, a healer is also a sorcerer. In order to cure or counteract sorcerous illnesses, healers must themselves know sorcery. This relationship is most apparent in
1189:
ears, anus or dermal breaks such as open sores/wounds. The victim will then feel the effects of the invasion of the insects through manifestations depending on the area of entry;
249:
600:). Despite the differences in terminology, the methods are almost identical across the Philippine islands (and indeed, across Southeast Asia). This type of sorcery uses
1010:-like supernatural entities, are sometimes considered a type of witch since they can start out as an ordinary person. They have strong powers of sorcery (particularly
306:
259:
1258:
is that curses are mitigated by finding the caster and bribing him or her to lift the curse. Superstitious people still attribute certain illnesses or diseases to
2022:
763:(sea creature magic). Other malevolent powers are more direct. These include the ability to kill another person instantly with magic spells, the ability to cast
4108:
3657:
3570:
1246:
is innate, and is not acquired by choice. Nor are they innately malevolent, and in most cases, they are believed to be unaware that they possess the power.
1074:
merely looking at a victim, contaminating the food of the victim with secretions, or by directly transferring their powers through touch on their deathbed.
1105:
may use a voodoo doll and a needle to cast spells on people they want to take revenge on, but largely use natural magic and superstitions similar to an
686:
can kill the caster. Other healing rituals against sorcery do not harm the caster, but instead supposedly moves them to pity and thus revoke the curse.
4113:
229:
1163:
are ordinary human beings with black magic who torture and later kill their victims by infesting their bodies with insects. They are different from
783:
There are various names for sorcerers in
Philippine ethnic groups. Most of these names have negative connotations, and thus is also translated to "
3775:
3745:
1828:"Tagalog-English Dictionary by Leo James English, Congregation of the Most Holy Redeemer, Manila, distributed by National Book Store, 1583 pages,
224:
3976:
1109:, or witch doctor. Both can be considered witches, but the main difference is that the arbularyo is more of a doctor who heals people, while a
3945:
3882:
1907:
4103:
2873:
2058:
2039:
723:
refers to a type of beetle in
Visayan) usually employs a swarm of destructive insects, specifically carnivorous beetles. Other methods are
628:
Other malevolent powers are more direct. These include the ability to kill another person instantly with magic spells, the ability to cast
331:
299:
254:
242:
968:
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2015:
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1833:
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1521:
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are notable for countering and preventing the curses and powers of witches, notably through the usage of special items and chants.
1871:
1578:
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292:
3740:
3601:
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2709:
2607:
2482:
1240:
can be recognized by having a dark tongue or by being born with teeth. Unlike the other types of "witches", the power of the
168:
48:
706:, a boiling pot or some other type of representation of the target victim. These are usually "linked" by including bodily
4098:
4093:
3826:
3003:
2602:
2517:
2434:
2008:
1655:
612:, a boiling pot or some other type of representation of the target victim. These are usually "linked" by including bodily
163:
3641:
2547:
1159:
is the
Bisayan version of a sorcerer/sorceress, who uses insects and spirits to enter the body of any person they hate.
3227:
2998:
2749:
541:
does not work on people who are innocent. Their targets are usually "wrongdoers" like thieves, adulterous spouses, or
1897:
1993:
4118:
3665:
2780:
2734:
2068:
4083:
4001:
3697:
2447:
4078:
4027:
3805:
3795:
3705:
3577:
2866:
1923:
Fegan, Brian (1983). "SOME NOTES ON ALFRED McCOY, "BAYLAN: ANIMIST RELIGION AND PHILIPPINE PEASANT IDEOLOGY"".
664:
1727:
1050:, etc., depending on the form they take or the method of attack they prefer. It is generally believed that an
1967:
3872:
3867:
3862:
3857:
3821:
3633:
3585:
3372:
3254:
3046:
2795:
2273:
456:
The practice of witchcraft among
Filipino ethnic groups also has unique terms. Some of these are as follow:
675:
ordered the assassination of 57 people he suspected were sorcerers casting evil spells on his sick mother.
3903:
3887:
3877:
3836:
3831:
3689:
3681:
2785:
2820:
1958:
3918:
3913:
3790:
3312:
3068:
3041:
2981:
2825:
2800:
2775:
1548:
Songs and Gifts at the
Frontier: Person and Exchange in the Agusan Manobo Possession Ritual, Philippines
2810:
2805:
1475:
Folk
Practices and Beliefs in Leyte and Samar, Richard Arens, Divine Word University Publications, 1982
330:) has been present throughout the Philippines even before Spanish colonization, and is associated with
4037:
4032:
3755:
3750:
3547:
2907:
2882:
2714:
2424:
2206:
2063:
2043:
40:
1845:
399:
Each ethnic group in the Philippines has their own terms for witches. Some of these are as follows:
3923:
3908:
3649:
3609:
3264:
3249:
3051:
2946:
2941:
2917:
2859:
2754:
2694:
2684:
958:
716:
622:
1753:
3800:
3732:
2976:
2835:
2815:
2790:
2704:
2658:
2115:
1932:
1703:
1695:
832:
282:
4022:
3429:
3259:
3063:
2912:
2729:
2689:
2648:
2419:
2278:
2268:
2237:
2166:
2099:
1903:
1829:
1794:
1552:
1517:
1502:
Encyclopedia of Philippine Folk Beliefs and Practices, F. R. Demetrio, Xavier University, 1991
1493:
Encyclopedia of Philippine Folk Beliefs and Practices, F. R. Demetrio, Xavier University, 1991
1456:
844:
561:
339:
323:
2161:
201:
3996:
3512:
3232:
3113:
3103:
3036:
2929:
2840:
2699:
2330:
2176:
1687:
1364:
1359:
1325:
387:
1308:(male) treats such diseases. In some rural provincial areas, people completely rely on the
3322:
3222:
3118:
2668:
2643:
2368:
2201:
2171:
1583:
792:
772:
652:
637:
355:
206:
3966:
3507:
1320:
Island, where healer-sorcerers are still common. The mananambal specialize in countering
1234:) immediately after giving a compliment or receiving one. Various beliefs hold that the
655:. In most cases however, accusations of this type of black magic are often borne out of
3552:
2388:
2378:
2145:
2140:
2130:
1113:
is a malevolent person who tricks and curses others. The primary methods employed by a
1011:
860:
800:
105:
1551:. Current Research in Ethnomusicology: Outstanding Dissertations Volume 4. Routledge.
4072:
4052:
3542:
3502:
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2922:
2572:
2383:
2363:
2252:
1707:
1622:
1592:
1119:
816:
542:
367:
110:
1972:. Original from the New York Public Library: The University of Illinois. p. 41.
1949:
Myths of the Philippines; Gaverza, J.K., 2014, University of the Philippines Diliman
4017:
3673:
3625:
3409:
3362:
3357:
3317:
3078:
2961:
2744:
2612:
2373:
2358:
1279:
1083:
643:
Some of these purportedly sorcerous powers may be explained by the use of poisons (
178:
31:
1678:
Gaabucayan, Samuel (1971). "The Medicine Men of Agusan in Mindanao, Philippines".
1226:
771:, the ability to "abduct" a person's soul, or the ability to send evil spirits or
636:, the ability to "abduct" a person's soul, or the ability to send evil spirits or
1546:
1450:
667:
against disliked or mistrusted members of the community, similar to the European
3593:
3537:
3522:
3477:
3377:
3342:
3327:
3269:
3182:
3108:
3031:
2739:
2557:
2532:
2393:
2232:
2186:
2135:
2033:
1346:
1190:
1139:
1130:
660:
597:
553:
538:
382:
351:
335:
95:
17:
1977:
3961:
3765:
3424:
3367:
3352:
3207:
3202:
3197:
3192:
3177:
3157:
3008:
2956:
2886:
2724:
2663:
2507:
2497:
2191:
2094:
1292:
1274:
1269:
1101:(/soom-PA/), which can also be translated as a "vow" or "oath" and "curse". A
668:
319:
85:
3457:
3239:
3217:
3167:
3162:
3140:
2653:
2617:
2592:
2552:
2487:
2452:
2353:
2242:
2211:
2196:
2181:
1287:
1264:
1106:
173:
153:
70:
3013:
1262:. This most often happens in rural areas, where an herbal doctor called an
3971:
3532:
3414:
3332:
3172:
3135:
2971:
2951:
2587:
2582:
2567:
2527:
2492:
2462:
2457:
2120:
2089:
1317:
1194:
1093:
can be considered a Filipino witch, literally meaning "a practitioner of
884:
768:
656:
633:
370:
reside. Witchcraft also exists in many of the hinterlands, especially in
363:
343:
128:
1936:
1014:) that they need to maintain by feeding on humans. They are also called
3517:
3447:
3337:
3098:
3073:
2851:
2627:
2622:
2477:
2472:
2345:
2304:
2299:
2247:
2084:
1699:
1369:
1007:
707:
613:
183:
143:
715:. This type of sorcery was documented as early as the 17th century by
621:. This type of sorcery was documented as early as the 17th century by
3527:
3482:
3452:
3404:
3399:
3394:
3307:
3290:
3285:
3212:
2597:
2562:
2467:
2409:
2216:
2125:
1218:, is a type of Visayan sorcerer that can inflict harm through words (
1185:
1181:
1124:
1002:
995:
703:
699:
695:
672:
609:
605:
601:
547:
158:
148:
80:
65:
1691:
1395:
1286:. This most often happens in the provinces, where an herbal doctor,
747:
4048:
Feminist interpretations of witch trials in the early modern period
3714:
Treatise on the Apparitions of Spirits and on Vampires or Revenants
1180:
keeps his swarm of carnivorous beetles in a bottle or a section of
560:
One of the most common kinds of black magic is a malevolent use of
378:; however, witchcraft is known and occurs anywhere in the country.
4057:
3497:
3492:
3472:
3462:
3389:
3300:
3295:
3244:
3152:
3130:
3125:
3056:
2759:
2719:
2577:
2542:
2537:
2512:
2502:
2442:
2414:
2309:
2294:
784:
764:
629:
375:
371:
359:
264:
138:
75:
1979:
Brujeria Pilipinas Spells & Rituals for Complementary Healing
437:
431:
425:
419:
3487:
3419:
3187:
3145:
2522:
2335:
1623:"Baylan : Animist Religion and Philippine Peasant Ideology"
712:
618:
347:
133:
2855:
2004:
1899:
Demystifying Shamans and Their World: A Multidisciplinary Study
1056:
can not be born to normal parents. They either need to have an
1198:
someone it killed, and the eggs would then hatch post-mortem.
788:
741:(doll magic, using skulls or representations of the victim),
47:
1656:"Philippine Sorcery 101: 6 Methods and How to Counter Them"
727:(sharp magic, or induced illnesses using smaller insects),
1969:
University of Illinois Studies in Language and Literature
978:(masculine and feminine forms of "witch"; Filipinized as
1344:
include Albularyos whipping the bewitched person with a
962:
854:
848:
1872:"Witches in Philippines' Siquijor province are old hat"
1282:
folks still attribute certain illnesses or diseases to
1062:
parent or gain their curse through transference called
1545:
Buenconsejo, José S. (2002). Post, Jennifer C. (ed.).
1082:"Kulam" redirects here. For the 1997 Indian film, see
30:"Kulam" redirects here. For the 1997 Indian film, see
1896:
Rock, Adam J.; Krippner, Stanley (October 14, 2011).
1303:
1297:
924:
736:
516:
510:
504:
498:
492:
486:
478:
472:
411:
405:
1512:
Mascuñana, Rolando V.; Mascuñana, Evelyn F. (2004),
826:
820:
4010:
3989:
3954:
3938:
3896:
3845:
3814:
3783:
3774:
3731:
3724:
3561:
3438:
3278:
3091:
3024:
2900:
2893:
2768:
2677:
2636:
2433:
2402:
2344:
2323:
2287:
2261:
2225:
2154:
2108:
2077:
2051:
1331:Sorcerous "attacks" are most commonly treated with
1138:as using either photographs or the equivalent of a
678:Sorcerous "attacks" are most commonly treated with
1118:"wrongdoers" like thieves, adulterous spouses, or
1068:. Depending on local beliefs, this can involve an
1540:
1538:
1536:
1534:
1532:
1791:Cebuano Sorcery: Malign Magic in the Philippines
1484:Customs of the Tagalogs, Juan de Plasencis, 1589
1994:"As I See It:Philippine mythological monsters".
1673:
1671:
1669:
1667:
1665:
1372:or gabaa, the Cebuano concept of negative karma
3571:Witchcraft and divination in the Old Testament
1976:Regina Cieli Estrada(Regina Cieli's Art Shop)
342:. Today, practices are said to be centered in
3658:A Dialogue Concerning Witches and Witchcrafts
2867:
2016:
1407:) means to brew or to boil . (McClenon, 1985)
1278:and helps the victim cure his or her malady.
1241:
1235:
1219:
1213:
1207:
1069:
1063:
1057:
1051:
1045:
1039:
1033:
1027:
1021:
1015:
300:
8:
1747:
1745:
381:In the Philippines, witches are said to use
39:
1925:Philippine Quarterly of Culture and Society
1627:Philippine Quarterly of Culture and Society
1167:- the latter only inflict pain or illness.
27:Users of black magic in Philippine folklore
3780:
3728:
2897:
2874:
2860:
2852:
2023:
2009:
2001:
1572:
1570:
1568:
1134:. Modern popular culture also depicts the
307:
293:
38:
1784:
1782:
1780:
1754:"The Many Faces of Filipino Folk Healers"
1721:
1719:
1717:
2044:including their mythologies and folklore
1752:De Guzman, Daniel (September 27, 2017).
1650:
1648:
1646:
1644:
1642:
1640:
1616:
1614:
1612:
1610:
1726:Tomada, Nathalie M. (October 3, 2010).
1455:. University of the Philippines Press.
1420:
1393:refers to a type of beetle in Visayan.
1382:
1324:. As spiritual mediums and divinators,
3977:List of people executed for witchcraft
1514:The Folk Healers-Sorcerers of Siquijor
1444:
1142:. Modern popular culture also depicts
564:. This is known by various names like
3946:Witch trials in the Holy Roman Empire
1442:
1440:
1438:
1436:
1434:
1432:
1430:
1428:
1426:
1424:
7:
4109:Southeast Asian traditional medicine
2040:Indigenous Philippine folk religions
1516:, REX Book Store, Inc., p. 72,
332:indigenous Philippine folk religions
255:Religion in pre-colonial Philippines
1870:Haas, Benjamin (October 30, 2011).
338:, specifically a malevolent use of
4043:Left-hand path and right-hand path
3618:De Lamiis et Pythonicis Mulieribus
1793:. University of California Press.
759:, means to brew or to boil ), and
25:
4114:Superstitions of the Philippines
2032:
276:
1818:, Omar Publications, p. 16
1789:Lieban, Richard Warren (1977).
775:to possess or harm the victim.
640:to possess or harm the victim.
3741:Jamyi Witch hiring controversy
3602:Summis desiderantes affectibus
2710:Da Adventures of Pedro Penduko
366:, where many of the country's
1:
2315:Witchcraft in the Philippines
1452:Revisiting Usog, Pasma, Kulam
1268:, diagnoses a victim using a
3746:accusations against children
3642:The Discoverie of Witchcraft
1304:
1298:
963:
925:
855:
849:
827:
821:
737:
517:
511:
505:
499:
493:
487:
438:
432:
426:
420:
4104:Religion in the Philippines
2750:Mga Kuwento ni Lola Basyang
1847:Mambabarang and Mangkukulam
479:
473:
412:
406:
4135:
3666:Daemonolatreiae libri tres
2781:Philippine folk literature
1996:Philippine Daily Inquirer.
1816:Witchcraft, Filipino-style
1591:(9): 37â41. Archived from
1081:
993:
260:Shrines and sacred grounds
29:
4089:Austronesian spirituality
3698:A Guide to Grand-Jury Men
1184:, carefully feeding them
4028:Christian views on magic
3706:The Discovery of Witches
3578:Directorium Inquisitorum
2155:Epic and folklore heroes
1577:McClenon, James (1985).
1449:Tan, Michael L. (2008).
334:. Its practice involves
3634:De praestigiis daemonum
3586:De maleficis mulieribus
2274:Battle of Dolores River
1991:Neal Cruz (2008-10-31)
1242:
1236:
1220:
1214:
1208:
1097:". A curse is called a
1070:
1064:
1058:
1052:
1046:
1040:
1034:
1028:
1022:
1016:
327:
3690:Compendium Maleficarum
3682:Magical Investigations
3573:(8thâ2nd centuries BC)
2796:Kapampangan literature
2786:Philippine epic poetry
1902:. Andrews UK Limited.
1680:Asian Folklore Studies
1621:McCoy, Alfred (1982).
1399:(sometimes written as
967:. Other terms are the
283:Philippines portal
230:Mythological creatures
52:
3313:Cloak of invisibility
3069:Solitary practitioner
2982:Witch-cult hypothesis
2826:Pangasinan literature
2801:Hiligaynon literature
2776:Philippine literature
1595:on September 17, 2019
1579:"Island of Sorcerers"
1290:or a faith healer, a
1193:if through the anus,
751:sometimes written as
51:
4099:Philippine mythology
4094:Magic (supernatural)
4033:Magical organization
3548:Witches of Benevento
1756:. The Aswang Project
1658:. September 5, 2019.
1254:A typical belief of
1212:, also known as the
225:Mythological figures
41:Philippine mythology
3650:Newes from Scotland
3610:Malleus Maleficarum
2987:Anglo-Saxon England
2821:Mindanao literature
2755:The Mythology Class
2695:Ang Mahiwagang Baul
2207:Malakas and Maganda
1814:Anima, Nid (1978),
1728:"Mystical Siquijor"
719:. Barang (the term
43:
4002:Witches in fiction
3990:In popular culture
3564:historic treatises
2836:Tagbanwa mythology
2831:Tagalog literature
2816:Ilokano literature
2791:Cebuano literature
2659:Hudhud hi Aliguyon
2435:Mythical creatures
53:
4119:Visayan mythology
4066:
4065:
4023:Witch (archetype)
3985:
3984:
3934:
3933:
3260:Sympathetic magic
3087:
3086:
2849:
2848:
2811:Ifugao literature
2806:Ibanag literature
2649:Code of Kalantiaw
2420:Code of Kalantiaw
2403:Legendary objects
2324:Spiritual persons
2279:Negros Revolution
2269:Dagohoy Rebellion
2262:Historical events
2238:Francisco Dagohoy
2226:Historical people
1966:Illinois (1917).
1909:978-1-84540-333-1
1876:Los Angeles Times
1730:. PhilStar Global
1176:. In legends the
562:sympathetic magic
340:sympathetic magic
317:
316:
16:(Redirected from
4126:
4084:Asian witchcraft
3997:Magic in fiction
3827:Northern Moravia
3781:
3761:Papua New Guinea
3729:
3513:Nine sorceresses
3265:Witches' Sabbath
3114:Ceremonial magic
3104:Apotropaic magic
2898:
2876:
2869:
2862:
2853:
2841:Waray literature
2769:Literary sources
2700:Aso ni San Roque
2331:Filipino shamans
2305:Pulajan religion
2177:Daragang Magayon
2064:Creation stories
2037:
2036:
2025:
2018:
2011:
2002:
1973:
1960:Panibagong Kulam
1950:
1947:
1941:
1940:
1931:(2/3): 212â216.
1920:
1914:
1913:
1893:
1887:
1886:
1884:
1882:
1867:
1861:
1860:
1859:
1857:
1852:
1842:
1836:
1826:
1820:
1819:
1811:
1805:
1804:
1786:
1775:
1772:
1766:
1765:
1763:
1761:
1749:
1740:
1739:
1737:
1735:
1723:
1712:
1711:
1675:
1660:
1659:
1652:
1635:
1634:
1618:
1605:
1604:
1602:
1600:
1574:
1563:
1562:
1542:
1527:
1526:
1509:
1503:
1500:
1494:
1491:
1485:
1482:
1476:
1473:
1467:
1466:
1446:
1408:
1387:
1365:Filipino shamans
1360:Asian witchcraft
1326:Filipino shamans
1307:
1301:
1245:
1239:
1230:" (from Spanish
1223:
1217:
1211:
1073:
1067:
1061:
1055:
1049:
1043:
1037:
1031:
1025:
1019:
966:
928:
858:
852:
830:
824:
773:familiar animals
745:(boiling magic,
740:
735:(poison magic),
717:Francisco Combés
638:familiar animals
623:Francisco Combés
520:
514:
508:
502:
496:
490:
482:
476:
441:
435:
429:
423:
415:
409:
388:Filipino shamans
309:
302:
295:
281:
280:
279:
123:Mythical animals
44:
21:
18:Filipino witches
4134:
4133:
4129:
4128:
4127:
4125:
4124:
4123:
4079:Asian shamanism
4069:
4068:
4067:
4062:
4006:
3981:
3950:
3930:
3892:
3846:Northern Europe
3841:
3810:
3770:
3720:
3563:
3557:
3440:
3434:
3373:Magical weapons
3323:Flying ointment
3274:
3119:Magical formula
3083:
3020:
2967:Greece and Rome
2889:
2880:
2850:
2845:
2764:
2725:Encantadia Saga
2678:Popular culture
2673:
2644:Biag ni Lam-ang
2632:
2429:
2425:Gintong Salakot
2398:
2340:
2319:
2283:
2257:
2221:
2217:Princess Urduja
2172:Bernardo Carpio
2150:
2104:
2078:Supreme deities
2073:
2047:
2031:
2029:
1988:
1986:Further reading
1965:
1954:
1953:
1948:
1944:
1922:
1921:
1917:
1910:
1895:
1894:
1890:
1880:
1878:
1869:
1868:
1864:
1855:
1853:
1850:
1844:
1843:
1839:
1827:
1823:
1813:
1812:
1808:
1801:
1788:
1787:
1778:
1774:(McClenon, 1985
1773:
1769:
1759:
1757:
1751:
1750:
1743:
1733:
1731:
1725:
1724:
1715:
1692:10.2307/1177763
1677:
1676:
1663:
1654:
1653:
1638:
1620:
1619:
1608:
1598:
1596:
1576:
1575:
1566:
1559:
1544:
1543:
1530:
1524:
1511:
1510:
1506:
1501:
1497:
1492:
1488:
1483:
1479:
1474:
1470:
1463:
1448:
1447:
1422:
1417:
1412:
1411:
1388:
1384:
1379:
1356:
1252:
1204:
1153:
1087:
1080:
998:
992:
781:
692:
653:sleight of hand
592:(Ilocano); and
534:
529:
454:
397:
328:Ang pangkukulam
313:
277:
275:
270:
269:
250:Tagalog beliefs
245:
235:
234:
220:
212:
211:
207:Bernardo Carpio
197:
196:Mythical heroes
189:
188:
124:
116:
115:
61:
60:Mythical beings
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4132:
4130:
4122:
4121:
4116:
4111:
4106:
4101:
4096:
4091:
4086:
4081:
4071:
4070:
4064:
4063:
4061:
4060:
4055:
4050:
4045:
4040:
4035:
4030:
4025:
4020:
4014:
4012:
4008:
4007:
4005:
4004:
3999:
3993:
3991:
3987:
3986:
3983:
3982:
3980:
3979:
3974:
3969:
3964:
3958:
3956:
3952:
3951:
3949:
3948:
3942:
3940:
3936:
3935:
3932:
3931:
3929:
3928:
3927:
3926:
3916:
3911:
3906:
3900:
3898:
3897:Western Europe
3894:
3893:
3891:
3890:
3885:
3880:
3875:
3870:
3865:
3860:
3855:
3849:
3847:
3843:
3842:
3840:
3839:
3834:
3829:
3824:
3818:
3816:
3815:Eastern Europe
3812:
3811:
3809:
3808:
3803:
3798:
3793:
3787:
3785:
3778:
3772:
3771:
3769:
3768:
3763:
3758:
3753:
3748:
3743:
3737:
3735:
3726:
3722:
3721:
3719:
3718:
3710:
3702:
3694:
3686:
3678:
3670:
3662:
3654:
3646:
3638:
3630:
3622:
3614:
3606:
3598:
3590:
3582:
3574:
3567:
3565:
3559:
3558:
3556:
3555:
3553:Witch of Endor
3550:
3545:
3540:
3535:
3530:
3525:
3520:
3515:
3510:
3505:
3500:
3495:
3490:
3485:
3480:
3475:
3470:
3465:
3460:
3455:
3450:
3444:
3442:
3436:
3435:
3433:
3432:
3430:Witch's ladder
3427:
3422:
3417:
3412:
3407:
3402:
3397:
3392:
3387:
3382:
3381:
3380:
3370:
3365:
3360:
3355:
3350:
3345:
3340:
3335:
3330:
3325:
3320:
3315:
3310:
3305:
3304:
3303:
3293:
3288:
3282:
3280:
3276:
3275:
3273:
3272:
3267:
3262:
3257:
3252:
3247:
3242:
3237:
3236:
3235:
3230:
3225:
3215:
3210:
3205:
3200:
3195:
3190:
3185:
3180:
3175:
3170:
3165:
3160:
3155:
3150:
3149:
3148:
3143:
3138:
3128:
3123:
3122:
3121:
3111:
3106:
3101:
3095:
3093:
3089:
3088:
3085:
3084:
3082:
3081:
3076:
3071:
3066:
3061:
3060:
3059:
3049:
3044:
3039:
3034:
3028:
3026:
3022:
3021:
3019:
3018:
3017:
3016:
3006:
3001:
2996:
2995:
2994:
2989:
2984:
2979:
2974:
2969:
2964:
2959:
2954:
2949:
2939:
2938:
2937:
2927:
2926:
2925:
2920:
2915:
2904:
2902:
2895:
2891:
2890:
2881:
2879:
2878:
2871:
2864:
2856:
2847:
2846:
2844:
2843:
2838:
2833:
2828:
2823:
2818:
2813:
2808:
2803:
2798:
2793:
2788:
2783:
2778:
2772:
2770:
2766:
2765:
2763:
2762:
2757:
2752:
2747:
2742:
2737:
2735:Juan dela Cruz
2732:
2727:
2722:
2717:
2712:
2707:
2702:
2697:
2692:
2687:
2681:
2679:
2675:
2674:
2672:
2671:
2666:
2661:
2656:
2651:
2646:
2640:
2638:
2637:Literary works
2634:
2633:
2631:
2630:
2625:
2620:
2615:
2610:
2605:
2600:
2595:
2590:
2585:
2580:
2575:
2570:
2565:
2560:
2555:
2550:
2545:
2540:
2535:
2530:
2525:
2520:
2515:
2510:
2505:
2500:
2495:
2490:
2485:
2480:
2475:
2470:
2465:
2460:
2455:
2450:
2445:
2439:
2437:
2431:
2430:
2428:
2427:
2422:
2417:
2412:
2406:
2404:
2400:
2399:
2397:
2396:
2391:
2389:Mount Pinatubo
2386:
2381:
2379:Mount Makiling
2376:
2371:
2366:
2361:
2356:
2350:
2348:
2342:
2341:
2339:
2338:
2333:
2327:
2325:
2321:
2320:
2318:
2317:
2312:
2307:
2302:
2297:
2291:
2289:
2288:Belief systems
2285:
2284:
2282:
2281:
2276:
2271:
2265:
2263:
2259:
2258:
2256:
2255:
2250:
2245:
2240:
2235:
2229:
2227:
2223:
2222:
2220:
2219:
2214:
2209:
2204:
2199:
2194:
2189:
2184:
2179:
2174:
2169:
2164:
2158:
2156:
2152:
2151:
2149:
2148:
2143:
2138:
2133:
2128:
2123:
2118:
2112:
2110:
2109:Lesser deities
2106:
2105:
2103:
2102:
2097:
2092:
2087:
2081:
2079:
2075:
2074:
2072:
2071:
2066:
2061:
2055:
2053:
2049:
2048:
2030:
2028:
2027:
2020:
2013:
2005:
1999:
1998:
1987:
1984:
1983:
1982:
1974:
1963:
1952:
1951:
1942:
1915:
1908:
1888:
1862:
1837:
1821:
1806:
1799:
1776:
1767:
1741:
1713:
1661:
1636:
1606:
1564:
1557:
1528:
1522:
1504:
1495:
1486:
1477:
1468:
1461:
1419:
1418:
1416:
1413:
1410:
1409:
1381:
1380:
1378:
1375:
1374:
1373:
1367:
1362:
1355:
1352:
1272:method called
1251:
1248:
1203:
1200:
1152:
1149:
1079:
1076:
1012:shape-shifting
994:Main article:
991:
988:
856:mangngibawanen
780:
777:
691:
688:
533:
530:
528:
527:
521:
483:
469:
458:
453:
452:
442:
416:
401:
396:
393:
315:
314:
312:
311:
304:
297:
289:
286:
285:
272:
271:
268:
267:
262:
257:
252:
246:
243:Folk religions
241:
240:
237:
236:
233:
232:
227:
221:
218:
217:
214:
213:
210:
209:
204:
198:
195:
194:
191:
190:
187:
186:
181:
176:
171:
166:
161:
156:
151:
146:
141:
136:
131:
125:
122:
121:
118:
117:
114:
113:
108:
106:Maria Makiling
103:
98:
93:
88:
83:
78:
73:
68:
62:
59:
58:
55:
54:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4131:
4120:
4117:
4115:
4112:
4110:
4107:
4105:
4102:
4100:
4097:
4095:
4092:
4090:
4087:
4085:
4082:
4080:
4077:
4076:
4074:
4059:
4056:
4054:
4053:Folk religion
4051:
4049:
4046:
4044:
4041:
4039:
4036:
4034:
4031:
4029:
4026:
4024:
4021:
4019:
4016:
4015:
4013:
4009:
4003:
4000:
3998:
3995:
3994:
3992:
3988:
3978:
3975:
3973:
3970:
3968:
3965:
3963:
3960:
3959:
3957:
3953:
3947:
3944:
3943:
3941:
3937:
3925:
3922:
3921:
3920:
3917:
3915:
3912:
3910:
3907:
3905:
3902:
3901:
3899:
3895:
3889:
3886:
3884:
3881:
3879:
3876:
3874:
3871:
3869:
3866:
3864:
3861:
3859:
3856:
3854:
3851:
3850:
3848:
3844:
3838:
3835:
3833:
3830:
3828:
3825:
3823:
3820:
3819:
3817:
3813:
3807:
3804:
3802:
3799:
3797:
3794:
3792:
3789:
3788:
3786:
3782:
3779:
3777:
3773:
3767:
3764:
3762:
3759:
3757:
3754:
3752:
3749:
3747:
3744:
3742:
3739:
3738:
3736:
3734:
3730:
3727:
3723:
3716:
3715:
3711:
3708:
3707:
3703:
3700:
3699:
3695:
3692:
3691:
3687:
3684:
3683:
3679:
3676:
3675:
3671:
3668:
3667:
3663:
3660:
3659:
3655:
3652:
3651:
3647:
3644:
3643:
3639:
3636:
3635:
3631:
3628:
3627:
3623:
3620:
3619:
3615:
3612:
3611:
3607:
3604:
3603:
3599:
3596:
3595:
3591:
3588:
3587:
3583:
3580:
3579:
3575:
3572:
3569:
3568:
3566:
3560:
3554:
3551:
3549:
3546:
3544:
3543:Three Witches
3541:
3539:
3536:
3534:
3531:
3529:
3526:
3524:
3521:
3519:
3516:
3514:
3511:
3509:
3506:
3504:
3503:Morgan le Fay
3501:
3499:
3496:
3494:
3491:
3489:
3486:
3484:
3481:
3479:
3476:
3474:
3471:
3469:
3466:
3464:
3461:
3459:
3456:
3454:
3451:
3449:
3446:
3445:
3443:
3437:
3431:
3428:
3426:
3423:
3421:
3418:
3416:
3413:
3411:
3408:
3406:
3403:
3401:
3398:
3396:
3393:
3391:
3388:
3386:
3383:
3379:
3376:
3375:
3374:
3371:
3369:
3366:
3364:
3361:
3359:
3356:
3354:
3351:
3349:
3348:Kitchen witch
3346:
3344:
3341:
3339:
3336:
3334:
3331:
3329:
3326:
3324:
3321:
3319:
3316:
3314:
3311:
3309:
3306:
3302:
3299:
3298:
3297:
3294:
3292:
3289:
3287:
3284:
3283:
3281:
3277:
3271:
3268:
3266:
3263:
3261:
3258:
3256:
3253:
3251:
3248:
3246:
3243:
3241:
3238:
3234:
3231:
3229:
3226:
3224:
3221:
3220:
3219:
3216:
3214:
3211:
3209:
3206:
3204:
3201:
3199:
3196:
3194:
3191:
3189:
3186:
3184:
3181:
3179:
3176:
3174:
3171:
3169:
3166:
3164:
3161:
3159:
3156:
3154:
3151:
3147:
3144:
3142:
3139:
3137:
3134:
3133:
3132:
3129:
3127:
3124:
3120:
3117:
3116:
3115:
3112:
3110:
3107:
3105:
3102:
3100:
3097:
3096:
3094:
3090:
3080:
3077:
3075:
3072:
3070:
3067:
3065:
3062:
3058:
3055:
3054:
3053:
3050:
3048:
3045:
3043:
3040:
3038:
3035:
3033:
3030:
3029:
3027:
3023:
3015:
3012:
3011:
3010:
3007:
3005:
3002:
3000:
2999:Latin America
2997:
2993:
2990:
2988:
2985:
2983:
2980:
2978:
2975:
2973:
2970:
2968:
2965:
2963:
2960:
2958:
2955:
2953:
2950:
2948:
2945:
2944:
2943:
2940:
2936:
2933:
2932:
2931:
2928:
2924:
2923:Witch smeller
2921:
2919:
2916:
2914:
2911:
2910:
2909:
2906:
2905:
2903:
2899:
2896:
2892:
2888:
2884:
2877:
2872:
2870:
2865:
2863:
2858:
2857:
2854:
2842:
2839:
2837:
2834:
2832:
2829:
2827:
2824:
2822:
2819:
2817:
2814:
2812:
2809:
2807:
2804:
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2573:Nuno sa punso
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2369:Mount Kanlaon
2367:
2365:
2364:Mount Banahaw
2362:
2360:
2357:
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2351:
2349:
2347:
2346:Sacred places
2343:
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2253:Nardong Putik
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2101:
2098:
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2076:
2070:
2069:Soul concepts
2067:
2065:
2062:
2060:
2057:
2056:
2054:
2050:
2045:
2041:
2035:
2026:
2021:
2019:
2014:
2012:
2007:
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1997:
1995:
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1834:971-91055-0-X
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1800:9780520034204
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1633:(3): 141â194.
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1558:9780415941242
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1523:971-23-3543-7
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1462:9789715425704
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1280:Superstitious
1277:
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1120:land grabbers
1116:
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834:
829:
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786:
779:Practitioners
778:
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766:
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749:
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709:
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665:mass hysteria
662:
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631:
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583:
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543:land grabbers
540:
531:
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394:
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389:
384:
379:
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369:
368:faith healers
365:
361:
360:Western Samar
357:
353:
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333:
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111:Nuno sa punso
109:
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82:
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69:
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64:
63:
57:
56:
50:
46:
45:
42:
37:
33:
19:
4018:Witch (word)
3967:Witch's mark
3776:Early Modern
3712:
3704:
3696:
3688:
3680:
3674:Daemonologie
3672:
3664:
3656:
3648:
3640:
3632:
3626:Laienspiegel
3624:
3616:
3608:
3600:
3592:
3584:
3576:
3508:Muma PÄdurii
3439:Folklore and
3410:Sator Square
3363:Magic circle
3358:Magic carpet
3318:Crystal ball
3255:Spiritualism
3079:Witch doctor
2962:Cunning folk
2934:
2745:Luna Mystika
2613:Tigmamanukan
2374:Mount Lantoy
2359:Mount Arayat
2314:
1992:
1978:
1968:
1959:
1945:
1928:
1924:
1918:
1898:
1891:
1879:. Retrieved
1875:
1865:
1856:December 20,
1854:, retrieved
1846:
1840:
1824:
1815:
1809:
1790:
1770:
1758:. Retrieved
1732:. Retrieved
1686:(1): 39â54.
1683:
1679:
1630:
1626:
1597:. Retrieved
1593:the original
1588:
1582:
1547:
1513:
1507:
1498:
1489:
1480:
1471:
1451:
1404:
1400:
1394:
1390:
1385:
1345:
1341:
1336:
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1313:
1309:
1291:
1283:
1273:
1263:
1259:
1255:
1253:
1231:
1225:
1205:
1177:
1173:
1168:
1165:mangkukulams
1164:
1160:
1156:
1154:
1143:
1135:
1129:
1123:
1114:
1110:
1102:
1098:
1094:
1090:
1088:
1084:Kulam (film)
1001:
999:
983:
979:
975:
971:
954:
950:
946:
942:
938:
934:
930:
920:
916:
912:
908:
904:
900:
897:dalongdongan
896:
892:
888:
880:
876:
872:
868:
864:
841:mangkukusino
840:
836:
812:
808:
804:
796:
782:
760:
756:
752:
746:
742:
732:
728:
724:
720:
693:
683:
679:
677:
648:
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642:
627:
593:
589:
585:
581:
577:
573:
569:
565:
559:
552:
546:
535:
524:
466:
462:
455:
449:
445:
398:
380:
318:
179:Tigmamanukan
100:
90:
36:
32:Kulam (film)
3725:Persecution
3594:Formicarius
3538:Spearfinger
3478:Elbow witch
3378:Magic sword
3343:Julleuchter
3328:Goofer dust
3270:White magic
3183:Incantation
3109:Black magic
3064:Renaissance
3032:Chaos magic
3004:Middle East
2935:Philippines
2740:Luna Blanca
2558:Manananggal
2533:Hantu Demon
2394:Mount Pulag
2384:Mount Mayon
2233:Dios Buhawi
2187:Irong-Irong
1957:Tony Perez
1347:Buntot Pagi
1302:(female) /
1232:fuera buyag
1227:pwera buyag
1191:hemorrhoids
1178:mambabarang
1169:Mambabarang
1161:Mambabarang
1157:Mambabarang
1151:Mambabarang
1144:mangkukulam
1140:Voodoo doll
1136:mangkukulam
1131:manananggal
1115:mangkukulam
1111:mangkukulam
1103:mangkukulam
1091:mangkukulam
1078:Mangkukulam
1041:manananggal
964:manog hiwit
905:mambabarang
869:manggagaway
865:mangkukulam
837:mangkukusim
833:Kapampangan
809:managinulod
694:Kulam uses
669:witch-hunts
661:moral panic
584:(Visayan);
572:(Tagalog);
554:manananggal
539:black magic
532:Black magic
450:mambabarang
439:mambabarang
413:manggagaway
407:mangkukulam
395:Terminology
383:black magic
336:black magic
101:Mangkukulam
96:Manananggal
91:Mambabarang
4073:Categories
4038:Maleficium
3962:Witch-hunt
3766:Witch camp
3425:Witch ball
3368:Magic ring
3353:Love charm
3208:Necromancy
3203:Moon magic
3198:Mediumship
3193:Love magic
3178:Gray magic
3158:Divination
2957:Benandanti
2887:witchcraft
2664:Juan Tamad
2508:Dalaketnon
2498:Bungisngis
2192:Juan Tamad
2095:Mangindusa
1415:References
1314:mananambal
1293:mananambal
1275:Pagtatawas
1270:divination
959:Hiligaynon
951:mang-aawug
947:mang-aawog
939:manughiwit
913:mamalarang
909:mamamarang
889:dalagangan
873:may-galing
845:Pangasinan
805:managtanem
320:Witchcraft
86:Juan Tamad
3939:Classical
3458:Baba Yaga
3441:mythology
3250:Spiritism
3240:Sex magic
3218:Shamanism
3213:Occultism
3168:Evocation
3163:Entheogen
3141:Damnation
3092:Practices
2654:Hinilawod
2618:Tikbalang
2593:Sarimanok
2553:Kumakatok
2488:Berberoka
2483:Berbalang
2453:Amalanhig
2354:Mount Apo
2243:Papa Isio
2212:Sarimanok
2197:Kalantiaw
2182:Datu Daya
2059:Religions
1708:153002277
1389:The term
1310:albularyo
1288:albularyo
1265:Albularyo
1107:arbularyo
955:mang-aaug
943:mamumuyag
850:manananem
797:parakaraw
485:Visayan:
471:Tagalog:
461:Ilocano:
404:Tagalog:
174:Tikbalang
154:Sarimanok
71:Berbalang
3972:Pricking
3883:Scotland
3806:Virginia
3796:New York
3791:Maryland
3784:Americas
3533:Sorginak
3523:Pasiphaë
3415:Talisman
3385:Mojo bag
3333:Grimoire
3228:Regional
3173:Familiar
3136:Anathema
3052:Neopagan
3047:Medieval
2952:Akelarre
2715:Dyesebel
2669:Maragtas
2588:Sarangay
2583:Santelmo
2568:Minokawa
2528:Engkanto
2493:Biringan
2463:Anggitay
2458:Amomongo
2248:Pulajans
2167:Aliguyon
2146:Sinukuan
2141:Makiling
2121:Bakunawa
2100:Kabunian
2090:Kan-Laon
1937:29791795
1881:July 14,
1760:July 14,
1734:July 15,
1354:See also
1337:sumbalik
1333:sumbalik
1318:Siquijor
1305:sorhuano
1299:sorhuana
1250:Remedies
1195:ear ache
935:sigbinan
931:paktolan
917:barangan
901:busalian
893:dunganon
881:hukloban
877:hukluban
813:mannamay
769:evil eye
700:effigies
684:sumbalik
680:sumbalik
657:paranoia
634:evil eye
606:effigies
444:Bisaya:
364:Sorsogon
356:Talalora
344:Siquijor
324:Filipino
219:Subjects
129:Bakunawa
4011:Related
3955:Related
3873:Iceland
3868:Finland
3863:England
3858:Denmark
3822:Hungary
3518:Obayifo
3448:Agamede
3405:Potions
3338:Incense
3279:Objects
3099:Animism
3074:Warlock
3009:Oceania
2992:Britain
2628:Wak Wak
2623:Tiyanak
2608:Siyokoy
2538:Higante
2518:Duwende
2478:Batibat
2473:Bal-Bal
2202:Lam-ang
2162:Ama-ron
2085:Bathala
2052:General
1700:1177763
1599:May 20,
1215:Buyagan
1008:vampire
969:Spanish
885:Visayan
861:Tagalog
828:manulib
801:Ilocano
767:or the
708:exuviae
704:poppets
696:beetles
690:Methods
632:or the
614:exuviae
610:poppets
602:beetles
433:malakat
427:malupad
418:Waray:
202:Ama-ron
184:Tiyanak
169:Siyokoy
144:Limokon
3924:Basque
3909:Geneva
3904:France
3888:Sweden
3878:Norway
3853:Baltic
3837:Russia
3832:Poland
3733:Modern
3717:(1751)
3709:(1647)
3701:(1627)
3693:(1608)
3685:(1599)
3677:(1597)
3669:(1595)
3661:(1593)
3653:(1591)
3645:(1584)
3637:(1563)
3629:(1509)
3621:(1489)
3613:(1487)
3605:(1484)
3597:(1475)
3589:(1440)
3581:(1376)
3528:Sebile
3483:Hecate
3453:Aradia
3400:Poppet
3395:Nkondi
3308:Censer
3291:Athame
3286:Amulet
3245:Sigils
3233:Yellow
3042:Hoodoo
3037:Goetia
3014:MÄkutu
2942:Europe
2913:Azande
2908:Africa
2901:Region
2705:Bagani
2685:Alamat
2603:Sirena
2598:Sigbin
2563:Manaul
2513:Diwata
2468:Aswang
2410:Agimat
2126:Mayari
2116:Amihan
2038:
1935:
1906:
1832:
1797:
1706:
1698:
1555:
1520:
1459:
1405:la-aga
1391:barang
1322:barang
1284:barang
1243:Usikan
1237:Usikan
1209:Usikan
1202:Usikan
1186:ginger
1182:bamboo
1174:barang
1125:aswang
1071:aswang
1059:aswang
1053:aswang
1035:wakwak
1029:balbal
1023:kaskas
1003:Aswang
996:Aswang
990:Aswang
926:osikan
921:usikan
822:mamkaw
817:Ivatan
787:" or "
765:curses
761:sampal
757:la-aga
738:paktol
721:barang
673:curate
651:) and
630:curses
594:pantak
574:barang
548:aswang
525:pantak
523:Moro:
512:paktol
506:haplit
488:barang
446:aswang
421:aswang
362:, and
164:Sirena
159:Sigbin
149:Manaul
81:Duende
76:Diwata
66:Aswang
4058:Adept
3919:Spain
3914:Italy
3801:Salem
3756:Nepal
3751:India
3562:Major
3498:Medea
3493:Kalku
3473:Drude
3468:Dayan
3463:Circe
3390:Nkisi
3301:besom
3296:Broom
3223:Black
3153:Demon
3131:Curse
3126:Coven
3057:Wicca
2977:Völva
2972:SeiĂ°r
2947:Italy
2918:Ghana
2894:Types
2883:Magic
2760:Trese
2730:Indio
2720:Dyosa
2690:Amaya
2578:Pugot
2548:Kataw
2543:Kapre
2503:Busaw
2415:Anito
2310:Hilot
2295:Anito
2136:Cacao
1933:JSTOR
1851:(PDF)
1704:S2CID
1696:JSTOR
1401:la-ga
1377:Notes
1342:kulam
1260:kulam
1256:kulam
1221:buyag
1099:sumpĂą
1095:kulam
1065:salab
1047:kikik
984:bruha
980:bruho
976:bruja
972:brujo
793:Bikol
785:witch
753:la-ga
733:lason
713:tides
663:, or
649:lason
619:tides
590:tamay
586:tanem
578:hiwit
570:gaway
566:kulam
518:anyaw
494:hiwit
480:gaway
474:kulam
467:tamay
463:tanem
376:Leyte
372:Samar
352:Davao
265:Anito
139:Kapre
3488:Huld
3420:Wand
3188:Jinn
3146:Jinx
3025:Form
2930:Asia
2885:and
2523:Ekek
2448:Alan
2443:Agta
2336:Datu
2300:GabĂą
2131:Tala
1904:ISBN
1883:2018
1858:2017
1830:ISBN
1795:ISBN
1762:2018
1736:2018
1601:2020
1584:Fate
1553:ISBN
1518:ISBN
1457:ISBN
1396:LĂĄgĂ
1370:GabĂą
1312:and
1206:The
1155:The
1128:and
1017:ongo
1000:The
982:and
974:and
949:(or
923:(or
907:(or
879:(or
839:(or
748:LĂĄgĂ
743:laga
731:and
729:hilo
725:usik
645:hilo
598:Moro
582:lĂĄgĂ
551:and
500:lĂĄgĂ
374:and
348:Cebu
134:Ekek
1688:doi
1403:or
1296:or
986:).
957:),
929:),
919:),
887::
883:);
843:);
819::
789:hag
755:or
647:or
4075::
1929:11
1927:.
1874:.
1779:^
1744:^
1716:^
1702:.
1694:.
1684:30
1682:.
1664:^
1639:^
1631:10
1629:.
1625:.
1609:^
1589:38
1587:.
1581:.
1567:^
1531:^
1423:^
1089:A
1044:,
1038:,
1032:,
1026:,
1020:,
1006:,
961::
953:,
945:,
941:,
937:,
933:,
915:,
911:,
903:,
899:,
895:,
891:,
875:,
871:,
867:,
863::
859:;
853:,
847::
835::
831:;
825:,
815:;
811:,
807:,
803::
799:;
795::
702:,
698:,
659:,
625:.
608:,
604:,
588:,
580:,
576:,
568:,
557:.
515:,
509:,
503:,
497:,
491:,
477:,
465:,
448:,
436:,
430:,
424:,
410:,
358:,
354:,
350:,
346:,
326::
2875:e
2868:t
2861:v
2046:)
2042:(
2024:e
2017:t
2010:v
1939:.
1912:.
1885:.
1803:.
1764:.
1738:.
1710:.
1690::
1603:.
1561:.
1465:.
1086:.
596:(
322:(
308:e
301:t
294:v
34:.
20:)
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