117:
519:
53:
796:
408:. After their arrival, their time to find husbands varied greatly. For some, it was as short as a few months, while others took two or three years before finding an appropriate husband. For the process of choosing a husband, and the marriage, most couples would officially get engaged in church, with their priest and witnesses present. Then, some couples went in front of the notary, to sign a marriage contract. Marriages were celebrated by the priest, usually in the woman's parish of residence. While the marriage
2616:
104:. The program was designed to boost New France's population both by encouraging Frenchmen to move to the New World, and by promoting marriage, family formation, and the birth of French children in the colony. The term refers to those women and girls who were recruited by the government and whose travel to the colony was paid for by the king. They were also occasionally known as the
782:
810:
280:
family with children "to spare." Officials usually matched women of higher birth with officers or gentlemen living in the colony, sometimes in the hopes that the nobles would marry the young women and be encouraged to stay in Canada rather than return to France. A few women came from other
European countries, including Germany, England, and Portugal.
174:
passage, and few single women wanted to leave home to move and settle in the harsh climate and conditions of New France. At the same time, officials noted the population growth of the competing
English colonies, which had more families, and they worried about France's ability to maintain its territorial claims in the New World.
591:
under the charge of carrying out "a scandalous life and prostitution" on 19 August 1675. Her two children were "adopted" by friends, and she was banished from Quebec City. She was reported to have turned to prostitution after her husband, Nicholas Buteau, abandoned the family and returned to France.
545:
emigrated, was that Canada was a penal colony. While there were two campaigns in the mid-17th century that involved the immigration of French criminals to Canada in exchange for their records being expunged, they were both short-lived. These programs resulted in little more than setting a precedent
427:
The marriage contracts represented a protection for the women, both in terms of financial security if anything were to happen to them or their husband, and in terms of having the liberty to annul the promise of marriage if the man they had chosen proved incompatible. A substantial number of the
279:
parish being big contributors. Many were orphans with meagre personal possessions, and with a relatively low level of literacy. Socially, the young women came from different backgrounds but were all very poor. They might have been from an elite family that had lost its fortune, or from a large
538:
were prostitutes has been a rumor ever since the inception of the program in the 17th century. It seems to have arisen from a couple of misconceptions, both contemporary and modern, about immigration to French colonies in the New World. The first of these, which took root long before the first
173:
New France, at its start, was populated mostly by men: soldiers, fur traders, and missionary priests. Settlers began to develop farms and by the mid-17th century, there was a severe imbalance between single men and women in New France. The small number of female immigrants had to pay their own
247:
and allowed to emigrate to New France were held to scrupulous standards, which were based on their "moral calibre" and whether they were physically fit enough to survive the hard work demanded by life as a colonist. The colonial officials sent several of the
450:
There were approximately 300 recruits who did not marry in New France. Some had a change of heart before embarking from the ports of
Normandy and never left, while some died on the journey. Others returned to France to marry, and a few remained single.
185:, proposed that the king sponsor passage of at least 500 women. The king agreed, and eventually, nearly twice the number were recruited. They were predominantly between the ages of 12 and 25, and many had to supply a letter of reference from their
499:
By the end of 1671, Talon suggested that it would not be necessary to sponsor the passage of girls for the next year, and the king accepted his advice. The migration briefly resumed in 1673, when the king sent 60 more girls at the request of
569:
as being "of middling virtue", and wrote that they had emigrated in the hopes of religious absolution. As early as 1738, Claude Le Beau countered his portrayal in an account of his own journey to New France, as did
489:
The program was a resounding success. It was reported that in 1670, most of the girls who had arrived the previous year, 1669, were already pregnant and by 1671, a total of nearly 700 children were born to the
434:
who arrived in New France between 1669 and 1671 cancelled marriage contracts; perhaps the dowry they had received made them disinclined to retain a fiancé with whom they found themselves dissatisfied.
699:, Ontario, later Canada's capital. He descended from Marie Vacher, one of Catherine's illegitimate children. He was the first sheriff of Ottawa (after serving in the lower Canadian Militia during the
1527:
556:
617:, and lastly at Montreal. Because the prettiest of the girls would have the easiest time finding a husband, many of these immigrants settled in Quebec City, the first port of call.
238:. The Crown also paid a dowry for each woman; this was originally set at four hundred livres, but as the Treasury could not spare such an expense, many were simply paid in kind.
504:, the new governor, but that was the last under the Crown's sponsorship. Of the approximately 835 marriages of immigrants in the colony during this period, 774 included a
1926:
205:
at the king's expense, and women who emigrated voluntarily using their own money. Other historians used chronological frameworks to determine who could be called a
1931:
267:
and the western regions. Almost half were from the Paris area, 16 per cent from
Normandy and 13 per cent from western France. Most came from urban areas, with the
2254:
220:
The title "King's
Daughters" was meant to imply state patronage, not royal or noble parentage; most of the women recruited were commoners of humble birth. As a
717:
1941:
1936:
592:
She later gave birth to many children out of wedlock. Guichelin had at least two marriage contracts cancelled. She also wed twice more after returning to
477:
arrived in
Montreal, they were taken in by Bourgeoys. Initially, there were no comfortable lodgings to receive them, but in 1668 Bourgeoys procured the
189:
before they would be chosen for immigration to New France. They were intended to marry men in the colony in order to establish families and more farms.
1534:
1397:
2034:
447:
were mostly town girls, and only a few knew how to do manual farm work. This problem remained but, in later years, more rural girls were recruited.
2518:
2264:
571:
464:
2229:
2180:
518:
116:
2130:
2224:
2112:
1888:
2640:
1911:
1654:
438:
412:
customarily were to be published three times before a wedding could take place, the colony's need for women to marry quickly led to few
2445:
1838:
1827:
892:
1692:
Beaudoin, Marie-Louise; Sévigny, Jeannine (1996). "Les premières et les filles du roi à Ville-Marie". Montreal: Maison Saint-Gabriel.
2372:
1308:
1125:
1057:
1744:
Landry, Yves (1992). "Orphelines en France pionnières au Canada: Les filles du roi au XVIIe siècle". Montreal: Leméac Éditeur Inc.
2539:
2498:
2287:
2302:
2219:
1963:
588:
52:
2292:
2209:
1921:
276:
1414:
2282:
689:
2482:
2190:
2244:
501:
64:
1666:
707:
201:
in her writings. A distinction was made between King's
Daughters, who were transported to New France and received a
2387:
2092:
700:
2581:
2408:
270:
254:
back to France because they were deemed below the standards set out by the king and the intendant of New France.
231:
2475:
2403:
2355:
1991:
1881:
1846:
526:
42:
1467:
684:
was a direct descendant of Marie
Priault, a King's Daughter. She married Pierre Joffrion, a farmer and former
546:
for viewing Canada as a place where those "of questionable morality" could be sent for one reason or another.
2586:
2214:
2185:
1958:
626:
178:
31:
2549:
2534:
2175:
2102:
2082:
2057:
1997:
1948:
1916:
1394:
560:
211:. Research by the historical demographer Yves Landry determines that there were in total about 770 to 850
35:
1630:
2465:
2450:
1749:
1723:
1697:
662:
46:
2554:
1862:
A list of the King's
Daughters compiled by the Programme de recherche en démographie historique (PRDH)
1559:
2596:
2564:
2460:
2317:
2234:
2140:
801:
753:
610:
478:
192:
60:
2645:
2619:
2569:
2559:
2382:
2097:
2067:
2047:
1985:
1874:
1718:
Lanctot, Gustave (1952). "Filles de joie ou filles du roi". Montreal: Les Éditions
Chantecler Ltée.
1513:
741:
674:
559:
of his time in New France; several earlier sources made the same assertion, including Saint-Amant,
2072:
2003:
1604:
735:
2328:
828:
2601:
2544:
2062:
2019:
1953:
1121:
1115:
1053:
898:
888:
833:
614:
401:
2591:
2470:
2420:
2360:
2160:
2150:
2009:
881:
724:
681:
437:
An early problem in recruitment was the women's adjustment to the new agricultural life. As
227:
1831:
459:
Prior to the King's Daughters, the women who immigrated to Ville-Marie, otherwise known as
2312:
2307:
1762:
1736:
1710:
1616:
1401:
695:
Louis Coutlée, one of the descendants of Catherine Guichelin, became a founding father of
638:
257:
As was the case for most emigrants who went from France to New France, 80 per cent of the
75:
2135:
1312:
1594:
1349:
1288:
587:
while living in Canada, after she was abandoned by her husband. She appeared before the
2435:
2377:
2024:
1450:
823:
815:
758:
650:
2634:
2350:
2170:
2145:
1855:"Les filles du Roi en Nouvelle-France, étude historique avec répertoire biographique"
787:
593:
186:
93:
671:
Anne Seigneur. Her mother's ancestors are all French-Canadian from the 17th century.
510:. By 1672, the population of New France had increased to 6,700, from 3,200 in 1663.
30:
This article is about the 17th-century immigrants to New France. For the movie, see
2155:
2014:
713:
584:
468:
716:, descendant of Marguerite Ardion, as revealed in the August 30, 2015, episode of
63:
and several settlers welcome the King's Daughters upon their arrival. Painting by
226:, a woman received the king's support in several ways. The king paid one hundred
2576:
1861:
1425:
397:
2503:
2455:
2165:
1897:
777:
677:
496:. The colony was expected to gain population self-sufficiency soon afterward.
235:
182:
97:
56:
41:"Les filles du roi" redirects here. For the Canadian musical drama film, see
17:
2513:
2508:
2415:
2365:
2334:
2297:
1854:
1203:
Orphelines en France pionnières au Canada: Les filles du roi au XVIIe siècle
902:
685:
101:
1491:
2440:
2430:
597:
460:
405:
264:
2322:
1979:
696:
121:
1790:
Alone in an Untamed Land: The Filles du Roi Diary of Hélène St.Onge
1778:
King's Daughters and Founding Mothers: The Filles du Roi, 1663-1673
1474:
1050:
France and the Americas: culture, politics, and history : a ..
1634:
1596:
Officers of the British Forces in Canada during the War of 1812-15
555:
in particular were prostitutes can be traced to an account by the
517:
409:
202:
177:
To increase the French population and the number of families, the
115:
1870:
1117:
La seigneurie de la Compagnie des Indes occidentales, 1663-1674
418:
having marriage banns announced. It is known that 737 of these
1828:"A list of the Daughters and their husbands, Andre Therriault"
1820:
1866:
1849:, first published in Heritage Quest, issue #22 May/June 1989.
100:
between 1663 and 1673 as part of a program sponsored by King
92:
in the spelling of the era) were the approximately 800 young
750:
Marguerite Samson and husband Jean Beaugrand dit Champagne.
563:, and Paul LeJeune. In his account, Lahontan refers to the
866:
Before the King's Daughters The Filles Ă Marier, 1634-1662
1810:, Aimie K. Runyan, Kensington Publishing Corp. (fiction)
1804:, Aimie K. Runyan, Kensington Publishing Corp. (fiction)
143:
1663–1673; most were young women aged between 16 and 25
234:
for each woman's crossing, as well as furnishing her
2527:
2491:
2396:
2343:
2275:
2199:
2123:
2033:
1972:
1904:
1823:: Organization for the descendants of the Daughters
1821:
La Société des Filles du roi et soldats du Carignan
1468:"Hillary Rodham Clinton's French-Canadian Ancestry"
467:founded in 1641 in Paris. Amongst these women were
880:
583:, only one, Catherine Guichelin, was charged with
1786:, Joy Reisinger and Elmer Courteau (Sparta, 1988)
733:Marguerite Lamain, as revealed on the PBS series
217:who settled in New France between 1663 and 1673.
1311:. Musée de la civilisation. 1998. Archived from
1857:. Québec, Québec: Société historique de Québec.
1841:The Scattering of Seeds: the Creation of Canada
1275:
1263:
1251:
1239:
887:. Don Mills, Ontario: Oxford University Press.
523:The Arrival of the French Girls at Quebec, 1667
485:End of recruitment and growth of the settlement
124:, France, commemorating the departure of many
1882:
1462:
1460:
1350:"King's Daughters, Casket Girls, Prostitutes"
710:, served as a member of Parliament in Canada.
647:Madeleine Niel and Jeanne Ducorps dite Leduc.
8:
1451:"Frère André - Alfred Bessette, 1845 - 1936"
764:
745:
728:
666:
654:
642:
630:
604:
578:
564:
550:
540:
533:
505:
491:
481:, a large farmhouse in which to house them.
472:
442:
429:
419:
413:
268:
258:
249:
242:
221:
212:
206:
196:
138:
125:
85:
1669:. PBS Finding Your Roots. February 26, 2019
195:was the first person to use the expression
1889:
1875:
1867:
1780:, Peter J. Gagné, 2 volumes, Quintin, 2000
1847:The Kings Daughters by Thomas J. Laforest
1109:
1107:
1105:
613:, stopping first at Quebec City, then at
471:and Marguerite Bourgeoys. When the first
1303:
1301:
883:The Oxford companion to Canadian history
769:Isabelle Aupe and husband Pierre Lavoie.
665:(Madonna Louise Ciccone), descendant of
549:The popularization of the idea that the
287:
51:
1382:
1370:
1344:
1342:
1333:
1096:
999:
851:
844:
1758:
1747:
1732:
1721:
1706:
1695:
1612:
1602:
1227:
1215:
1188:
1176:
1164:
1152:
1140:
1084:
1072:
1035:
1023:
1011:
987:
975:
963:
951:
939:
927:
915:
2131:List of French forts in North America
27:17th-century immigrants to New France
7:
1352:. Library of Congress Global Gateway
692:, shortly after her arrival in 1669.
572:Pierre François Xavier de Charlevoix
1912:French colonization of the Americas
284:Integration into New French society
1099:, pp. 22, 103, 115, 117, 126.
25:
1667:"Season 5, Episode 8: Hard Times"
1048:Marshall, Bill (1 January 2005).
45:. For the roller derby team, see
2615:
2614:
2540:Military history of the Acadians
2288:Seigneurial system of New France
808:
794:
780:
1964:History of the French-Americans
1205:. Montreal: Leméac Éditeur Inc.
589:Sovereign Council of New France
2293:Criminal justice in New France
1922:Timeline of New France history
1798:, Suzanne Desrochers (fiction)
465:Société Notre-Dame de Montréal
1:
2283:Custom of Paris in New France
1514:"Ascendance d'Angelina Jolie"
1293:Portland (Maine) Press Herald
241:Those chosen to be among the
1395:Les Filles du Roy, Section 3
1385:, pp. 25, 33, 192, 195.
1052:. Vol. 2. p. 439.
682:Bernie "Boom Boom" Geoffrion
463:, had been recruited by the
439:Saint Marie de L'Incarnation
424:were married in New France.
1792:, Maxine Trottier (fiction)
1593:Irving, L. Homfray (1908).
1276:Beaudoin & SĂ©vigny 1996
1264:Beaudoin & SĂ©vigny 1996
1252:Beaudoin & SĂ©vigny 1996
1240:Beaudoin & SĂ©vigny 1996
65:Eleanor Fortescue-Brickdale
2662:
2641:History of women in Canada
2230:Governor of Trois-Rivières
1583:Geoffrion Family Genealogy
879:Hallowell, Gerald (2004).
701:Anglo-American War of 1812
690:Carignan-Salières Regiment
455:Integration in Ville-Marie
40:
29:
2610:
2582:Expulsion of the Acadians
2373:Company of 100 Associates
2186:Fort St. Louis (Illinois)
1309:"Le peuplement d'un pays"
719:Who Do You Think You Are?
396:The women disembarked in
269:
232:French East India Company
2577:French and Iroquois Wars
1599:. Welland Tribune Print.
1492:"SFRSC-King's Daughters"
864:Gagné, Peter J. (2002).
708:Dominique-Amable Coutlée
527:Charles William Jefferys
271:Hôpital-Général de Paris
161: 26 and older (22%)
137:Age distribution of the
96:women who immigrated to
43:Les Filles du Roi (film)
2587:Great Peace of Montreal
2388:Compagnie de l'Occident
1959:History of the Acadians
1528:"Madonna and Lady Gaga"
1400:April 28, 2009, at the
1114:Trudel, Marcel (1997).
868:. Quintin Publications.
603:The ships carrying the
179:Intendant of New France
2535:Military of New France
2461:Gens de couleur libres
2191:Fort St. Louis (Texas)
2176:Fortress of Louisbourg
2000:(1682–1763, 1801–1803)
1917:French colonial empire
1757:Cite journal requires
1731:Cite journal requires
1705:Cite journal requires
1120:. Les Editions Fides.
765:
746:
729:
667:
655:
643:
631:
605:
579:
565:
551:
541:
534:
529:
506:
492:
473:
443:
430:
420:
414:
259:
250:
243:
222:
213:
207:
197:
139:
131:
126:
86:
79:
67:
1853:Silvio Dumas (1972).
1802:Promised to the Crown
1784:King's Daughters, The
1560:"Ancestry of Madonna"
1201:Landry, Yves (1992).
521:
119:
55:
47:Montreal Roller Derby
34:. For the novel, see
2235:Governor of Montreal
2141:Fort Michilimackinac
1949:1763 Treaty of Paris
1655:Généalogie du Québec
1287:Juliana L’Heureux, "
802:North America portal
627:Saint André Bessette
611:Saint Lawrence River
609:would travel up the
479:Maison Saint-Gabriel
193:Marguerite Bourgeoys
32:The King's Daughters
2383:Mississippi Company
1796:Bride of New France
1540:on November 3, 2013
1480:on August 23, 2012.
1422:Our Family Heritage
1315:on November 1, 2013
621:Notable descendants
561:Tallement des RĂ©aux
167: Unknown (11%)
36:The King's Daughter
2555:King William's War
2550:Intercolonial Wars
854:, pp. 9, 102.
736:Finding Your Roots
577:Out of nearly 800
574:in his 1744 work.
532:The idea that the
530:
514:Rumors and legends
502:Buade de Frontenac
132:
68:
2628:
2627:
2565:King George's War
2545:Acadian Civil War
2492:Missionary groups
2483:Intellectual life
2220:Sovereign Council
1954:History of Quebec
1839:The documentary,
1808:Duty to the Crown
1564:Perche-Quebec.com
1431:on August 5, 2021
1295:, March 19, 1998.
1289:Les Filles du Roi
1038:, pp. 57–58.
978:, pp. 73–74.
834:First white child
703:with his father.)
635:Anne Le Seigneur.
557:Baron de Lahontan
525:. Watercolour by
394:
393:
263:were from Paris,
155: 16–25 (57%)
149: 12–15 (10%)
61:François de Laval
16:(Redirected from
2653:
2618:
2617:
2597:Schenectady Raid
2570:Seven Years' War
2560:Queen Anne's War
2426:King's Daughters
2378:Crozat's Company
2361:Coureur des bois
2303:Superior Council
2225:Bishop of Quebec
2210:Governor General
2151:Fort de Chartres
2010:Illinois Country
1891:
1884:
1877:
1868:
1858:
1835:
1830:. Archived from
1766:
1760:
1755:
1753:
1745:
1740:
1734:
1729:
1727:
1719:
1714:
1708:
1703:
1701:
1693:
1679:
1678:
1676:
1674:
1663:
1657:
1652:
1646:
1645:
1643:
1642:
1633:. Archived from
1631:"Bytown or Bust"
1627:
1621:
1620:
1614:
1610:
1608:
1600:
1590:
1584:
1581:
1575:
1574:
1572:
1570:
1556:
1550:
1549:
1547:
1545:
1539:
1533:. Archived from
1532:
1524:
1518:
1517:
1510:
1504:
1503:
1501:
1499:
1488:
1482:
1481:
1479:
1473:. Archived from
1472:
1464:
1455:
1454:
1447:
1441:
1440:
1438:
1436:
1430:
1424:. Archived from
1419:
1410:
1404:
1392:
1386:
1380:
1374:
1368:
1362:
1361:
1359:
1357:
1346:
1337:
1331:
1325:
1324:
1322:
1320:
1305:
1296:
1285:
1279:
1273:
1267:
1261:
1255:
1249:
1243:
1237:
1231:
1225:
1219:
1213:
1207:
1206:
1198:
1192:
1186:
1180:
1174:
1168:
1162:
1156:
1150:
1144:
1138:
1132:
1131:
1111:
1100:
1094:
1088:
1082:
1076:
1070:
1064:
1063:
1045:
1039:
1033:
1027:
1021:
1015:
1009:
1003:
997:
991:
985:
979:
973:
967:
961:
955:
949:
943:
937:
931:
925:
919:
913:
907:
906:
886:
876:
870:
869:
861:
855:
849:
818:
813:
812:
811:
804:
799:
798:
797:
790:
785:
784:
783:
768:
763:, descendant of
762:
749:
744:, descendant of
742:Andrée Champagne
732:
727:, descendant of
670:
658:
653:, descendant of
646:
641:, descendant of
634:
629:, descendant of
608:
582:
568:
554:
544:
537:
509:
495:
476:
446:
433:
423:
417:
288:
274:
273:
262:
253:
246:
225:
216:
210:
200:
166:
160:
154:
148:
142:
129:
91:
72:King's Daughters
21:
2661:
2660:
2656:
2655:
2654:
2652:
2651:
2650:
2631:
2630:
2629:
2624:
2606:
2523:
2499:Jesuit missions
2487:
2436:Casquette girls
2392:
2339:
2308:Admiralty court
2271:
2195:
2119:
2036:
2029:
1968:
1927:Beginnings–1533
1900:
1895:
1852:
1826:
1817:
1774:
1772:Further reading
1769:
1756:
1746:
1743:
1730:
1720:
1717:
1704:
1694:
1691:
1687:
1682:
1672:
1670:
1665:
1664:
1660:
1653:
1649:
1640:
1638:
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18:Filles du Roi
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2251:Terre-Neuve
2156:Fort Detroit
2136:Fort Rouillé
2109:Terre-Neuve
2015:Ohio Country
1840:
1832:the original
1807:
1801:
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1783:
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1750:cite journal
1724:cite journal
1698:cite journal
1671:. Retrieved
1661:
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1639:. Retrieved
1635:the original
1625:
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1567:. Retrieved
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1426:the original
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1383:Lanctot 1952
1378:
1371:Lanctot 1952
1366:
1354:. Retrieved
1334:Lanctot 1952
1329:
1317:. Retrieved
1313:the original
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829:Ă“rfĂŁs do Rei
766:fille du roi
747:fille du roi
734:
730:fille du roi
718:
714:Tom Bergeron
675:Hall of Fame
668:fille du roi
656:fille du roi
632:fille du roi
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585:prostitution
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2446:Amerindians
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1994:(1662–1713)
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1988:(1608–1763)
1982:(1604–1713)
1613:|work=
1228:Landry 1992
1216:Landry 1992
1189:Landry 1992
1177:Landry 1992
1165:Landry 1992
1153:Landry 1992
1141:Landry 1992
1085:Landry 1992
1073:Landry 1992
1036:Landry 1992
1024:Landry 1992
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988:Landry 1992
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964:Landry 1992
952:Landry 1992
940:Landry 1992
928:Landry 1992
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757: [
441:wrote, the
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59:, Bishop
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774:See also
598:Montreal
461:Montreal
406:Montreal
390:832–852
275:and the
265:Normandy
120:Sign in
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2397:Society
2344:Economy
2323:Bailiff
2241:Acadie
2206:Canada
2073:DĂ©troit
2054:Canada
2044:Acadie
1905:History
1569:July 6,
680:player
663:Madonna
596:, then
358:c. 165
318:80–100
230:to the
112:Origins
2098:Biloxi
2093:Mobile
1986:Canada
1980:Acadia
1494:. 2021
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697:Ottawa
404:, and
228:livres
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76:French
2441:MĂ©tis
2124:Forts
1538:(PDF)
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1471:(PDF)
1429:(PDF)
1418:(PDF)
840:Notes
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410:banns
387:Total
203:dowry
84:, or
2528:Wars
2276:Laws
1763:help
1737:help
1711:help
1675:2019
1617:help
1571:2019
1546:2013
1500:2021
1437:2016
1358:2007
1321:2012
1122:ISBN
1054:ISBN
899:OCLC
889:ISBN
379:1673
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366:150
363:1671
355:1670
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291:Year
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