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1087:. The Finnish people believe that the free Russian people and its constitutive National Assembly don't want to prevent Finland's aspiration to enter the multitude of the free and independent nations. At the same time the People of Finland dare to hope that the other nations of the world recognizes, that with their full independence and freedom the People of Finland can do their best in fulfilment of those purposes that will win them an independent position amongst the people of the civilized world.
720:
1334:
1640:
1071:
as a state. The people of
Finland have by this step taken their fate in their own hands: a step both justified and demanded by present conditions. The people of Finland feel deeply that they cannot fulfil their national duty and their universal human obligations without a complete sovereignty. The century-old desire for freedom awaits fulfilment now; The People of Finland has to step forward as an independent nation among the other nations in the world.
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awaits fulfilment now; Finland's people step forward as a free nation among the other nations in the world. (...) The people of
Finland dare to confidently await how other nations in the world recognize that with their full independence and freedom, the people of Finland can do their best in fulfilment of those purposes that will win them a place amongst civilized peoples.
1622:
1442:
1075:
a proposition that is based on the principle that
Finland is to be a sovereign republic. Considering that, the main features of the new polity has to be carried into effect immediately, the Government has at the same time delivered a bill of acts in this matter, which mean to satisfy the most urgent renewal needs before the establishment of the new Constitution.
954:
899:'s bloodless coup. This paragraph provided for the election of a new monarch in case of the extinction of the royal line and was interpreted in Finland as vesting sovereignty in the estates, later the Parliament, in such an interregnum. The regency council was never elected, because of the strong opposition of Finnish socialists and their
1079:
country's complete isolation, famine and unemployment compels the
Government to establish actual relations to the foreign powers, which prompt assistance in satisfying the necessities of life and in importing the essential goods for the industry, are our only rescue from the imminent famine and industrial stagnation.
1082:
The
Russian people have, after subverting the Tsarist Regime, in a number of occasions expressed their intention to favour the Finnish people the right to determine their own fate, which is based on their centuries-old cultural development. And widely over all the horrors of the war is heard a voice,
1070:
The
Finnish Parliament has on 15th day of the last November, in support of Section 38 of the Constitution, declared to be the Supreme holder of the State Authority as well as set up a Government to the country, that has taken to its primary task the realization and safeguarding Finland's independence
1074:
Achieving this goal requires mainly some measures by the
Parliament. Finland's current form of government, which is currently incompatible with the conditions, requires a complete renewal and therefore has the Government now submitted a proposition for a new Constitution to the Parliament's council,
1078:
The same goal also calls for measures from the part of the
Government. The Government will approach foreign powers to seek an international recognition of our country's independence as a state. At the present moment this is particularly all the more necessary, when the grave situation caused by the
872:), whereby the Parliament declared itself to now hold all powers of legislation, except with respect to foreign policy and military issues, and also that it could be dissolved only by itself. At the time of the vote, it was believed that the Provisional Government would be quickly defeated by the
1016:
The people of
Finland have by this step taken their fate in their own hands; a step both justified and demanded by present conditions. The people of Finland feel deeply that they cannot fulfil their national and international duty without complete sovereignty. The century-old desire for freedom
1095:
order by filling their patriotic duty, to strain all their strength for achieving the nation's common goal in this point of time, which has such an importance and decisiveness, that there have never before been in the life of the
Finnish people. In Helsinki, 4 December
1090:
At the same time as the Government has wanted to let all the Finnish citizens to know these words, the Government turns to the citizens, as well as the private and public authorities, calling everyone on their own behalf with rapt attention to follow the
988:
read the Declaration to the Parliament on 4 December. The Declaration of Independence was technically given the form of a preamble of the proposition, and was intended to be agreed by the Parliament, which adopted the Declaration on 6 December.
980:, the government that the Parliament had appointed in November, drafted a Declaration of Independence and a proposal for a new republican Instrument of Government. Chairman of the Senate (
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2058:"Hallituksen esitykseen, joka sisältää ehdotuksen laiksi erinäisten asiain siirtämisestä Suomen senaatin ja kenraalikuvernöörin ratkaistavaksi"
575:
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recognising Finland's independence, and on 22 December (4 January 1918 N. S.) it was approved by the highest Soviet executive body, the
457:
357:
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992:
On 18 December (31 December N. S.) shortly after the head of Finnish government Svinhufvud declared his nation's full independence the
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883:, the Finnish Parliament decided to set a three-man regency council, based on Finland's Constitution, and more precisely on clause
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The old Instrument of Government was however no longer deemed suitable. Leading circles had long held monarchism and hereditary
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that one of the goals of the present war is to be, that no nation shall be forced against its will to be dependent on another
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2109:"Tiistaina 4. p. joulukuuta – Hallituksen puheenjohtajan lausunto Suomen valtiollisen itsenäisyyden toteuttamisesta".
1176:
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50:
44:
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Translation from the Finnish language by B. Holm, 25 July 2009. (Clarifications by the translator are in brackets.)
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led by Lenin approve Finland's full independence. It was the first foreign leader to approve the independence.
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876:. The Provisional Government survived, however, disapproved of the Power Act and dissolved the Parliament.
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These three countries were occupied by, and annexed into, the Soviet Union (1940–1941, 1944–1991). See
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The decision of the Soviet of the People's Comissars' to recognise Finnish independence, signed by
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became the first government outside of Finland to recognize Finnish independence. It issued a
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The resulting proposal, approved by the Provisional Government, was heavily rewritten in the
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between Russia and Finland lost its legal base – at least according to the view in
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1917 resolution by the Parliament of Finland asserting its full independence from Russia
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2140:"Primary Documents - Soviet Recognition of Finland's Independence, 18 December 1917"
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1221:
922:. On the same day the Finnish Parliament issued a declaration by which it assumed,
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After new elections and the ultimate defeat of the Provisional Government in the
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simultaneously delivered to the Parliament to make Finland a fully independent
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With reference to the declaration of 15 November, the declaration says:
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Declaring independence was only part of the long process leading to the
2947:
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Eastern front: Bolshevik Government recognises independence of Finland.
1861:
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to be antiquated, and advocated a republican constitution for Finland.
756:
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1843:
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1357:
1303:
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in the head of table. Photo taken on 27 November 1917; a portrait of
1037:
declared their independence from Russia during the same period. See
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2005:
1663:
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1447:
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2228:
Maailmanympärimatka Helsingissä suurlähetystöt ja niiden historia
2113:(in Finnish). Valtioneuvoston kirjapaino. 1918. pp. 310–311.
713:
Image of the Declaration in Swedish with the senators' signatures
684:
Image of the Declaration in Finnish with the senators' signatures
2515:
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1681:
824:
2285:
2276:
29:
770:, an autonomous state ruled by Russia, with reference to a
864:) and transformed into the so-called Power Act (Finnish:
2273:
Audio recording of Svinhufvud reading the speech in 1937
2126:
Itsenäistymisen vuodet 1917–1920. osa I: Irti Venäjästä
2128:(in Finnish). Helsinki: Valtionarkisto. p. 227.
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2197:
2086:(in Finnish). Tampere University. Archived from
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1002:All-Russian Central Executive Committee (VTsIK)
799:Timeline of Independence of Finland (1917–1920)
2297:
1060:Text of Finland's Declaration of Independence
642:
8:
2111:Toiset valtiopäivät 1917, Pöytäkirjat, osa I
1268:Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic
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906:On 2 November (15 November N.S.) 1917, the
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18:Finland's declaration of independence
80:Learn how and when to remove this message
1247:
903:which demanded for more radical action.
43:This article includes a list of general
2049:
96:
847:. There were negotiations between the
2261:Declaration of independence (Swedish)
2255:Declaration of independence (Finnish)
981:
7:
785:. The declaration is celebrated as
749:Finlands självständighetsförklaring
733:Finnish Declaration of Independence
2267:Instrument of Government (Swedish)
914:, including the right of complete
49:it lacks sufficient corresponding
25:
3023:Dissolution of the Russian Empire
2207:. Finland abroad. 6 December 2020
3003:Separatism in the Russian Empire
2230:. Helsinki: Otava. p. 152.
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891:, which had been enacted by the
889:Instrument of Government of 1772
755:on 6 December 1917. It declared
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1054:Occupation of the Baltic states
1047:Lithuanian Wars of Independence
1008:The Declaration and 15 November
2412:History of independent Finland
2165:"On This Day - 4 January 1918"
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592:Politics of the European Union
415:National Coalition Party (KOK)
287:Regional Administrative Courts
1:
874:rebellion in Saint Petersburg
723:The Bolshevist government of
405:Social Democratic Party (SDP)
2988:Political history of Finland
2983:Declarations of independence
1039:Estonian War of Independence
910:declared a general right of
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132:Declaration of Independence
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2338:Finland under Swedish rule
2060:(in Finnish). 25 July 1917
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1200:(Senate Judge-Rapporteur)
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994:Soviet Russian government
851:and Finnish authorities.
2998:Finland–Russia relations
2554:Administrative divisions
2038:Russification of Finland
972:still hangs on the wall.
458:Administrative divisions
440:Christian Democrats (KD)
2385:Finland in World War II
2375:Independence of Finland
2226:Janne Ridanpää (2020).
2028:Independence of Finland
949:Independence of Finland
835:, on 2 March (15 March
833:Grand Prince of Finland
783:independence of Finland
766:, ending its status as
64:more precise citations.
2124:Ohto Manninen (1992).
1970:Kingdom of Afghanistan
1245:
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1066:To The Finnish People.
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986:Pehr Evind Svinhufvud
970:Alexander I of Russia
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751:) was adopted by the
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299:Chancellor of Justice
277:Administrative Courts
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1242:Alexander Schlichter
1043:Latvian Independence
928:, all powers of the
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1101:The Finnish Senate:
816:February Revolution
495:Ekonomiska regioner
445:Movement Now (LIIK)
430:Left Alliance (VAS)
425:Green League (VIHR)
420:Centre Party (KESK)
99:Politics of Finland
2708:Telecommunications
2348:Great Northern War
2205:"Suomi ulkomailla"
2023:History of Finland
1988:Kingdom of Albania
1898:Kingdom of Hungary
1808:Kingdom of Romania
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1938:25 October 1921
1794:31 December 1919
1776:26 December 1919
1758:19 December 1919
1740:27 October 1919
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1470:21 February 1918
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1340:Kingdom of Greece
1226:Grigory Petrovsky
1205:
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978:Senate of Finland
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984:Prime minister)
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2948:Bibliography
2865:The Kalevala
2864:
2839:Coat of arms
2824:Architecture
2759:Demographics
2683:Nordic model
2657:Central bank
2579:Human rights
2559:Constitution
2227:
2221:
2209:. Retrieved
2187:
2179:
2172:. Retrieved
2168:
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2147:. Retrieved
2143:
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2119:
2110:
2104:
2092:. Retrieved
2088:the original
2083:
2074:
2062:. Retrieved
2052:
1920:3 June 1921
1848:17 May 1920
1632:23 May 1919
1524:11 May 1918
1391:
1222:Leon Trotsky
1127:E. N. Setälä
1100:
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943:Independence
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839:) 1917, the
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203:Ministries (
192:Petteri Orpo
137:Human rights
131:
127:Constitution
91:
76:
67:
48:
2652:Agriculture
2496:Urban areas
2400:Lapland War
2365:Grand Duchy
2360:Finnish War
2080:"Eduskunta"
1614:7 May 1919
1596:6 May 1919
1430:Netherlands
1394:Switzerland
925:pro tempore
887:of the old
868:, Swedish:
829:Nicholas II
761:independent
584:Ambassadors
491:Seutukunnat
485:Sub-regions
218:Legislative
62:introducing
2977:Categories
2859:Literature
2774:Healthcare
2611:Parliament
2574:Government
2390:Winter War
2343:Cudgel War
2333:Prehistory
2211:6 December
2064:8 February
2044:References
1934:Luxembourg
1149:Onni Talas
908:Bolsheviks
820:abdication
814:After the
797:See also:
576:in Finland
560:Minister:
368:European:
224:Parliament
199:Government
45:references
2883:Mythology
2779:Languages
2764:Education
2718:Transport
2621:President
2584:Judiciary
2564:Elections
2521:Jyväskylä
2474:Provinces
2427:Geography
2380:Civil War
2174:20 August
2149:20 August
2094:20 August
1826:Venezuela
1520:Argentina
1093:(law and)
1035:Lithuania
961:of 1917,
930:Sovereign
916:secession
870:Maktlagen
866:Valtalaki
857:Eduskunta
778:instead.
759:a fully
472:Maakunnat
313:elections
248:Judiciary
165:President
159:Executive
70:June 2021
2957:Category
2854:Folklore
2796:Religion
2744:Abortion
2703:Taxation
2693:Startups
2673:Industry
2599:Military
2542:Politics
2528:Wildlife
2501:Helsinki
2317:articles
2084:Suomi 80
2017:See also
1916:Paraguay
1790:Colombia
1754:Portugal
1502:Holy See
1085:(nation)
937:nobility
845:Helsinki
818:and the
776:republic
514:Kommuner
476:Landskap
147:Military
2934:Outline
2844:Cuisine
2811:Culture
2789:Swedish
2784:Finnish
2732:Society
2713:Tourism
2640:Economy
2506:Tampere
2479:Regions
2454:Islands
2449:Geology
2325:History
2313:Finland
1862:Ecuador
1718:Uruguay
1646:Belgium
1376:Denmark
1027:Estonia
1022:Context
893:Estates
793:History
757:Finland
745:Swedish
737:Finnish
466:Regions
311:Recent
229:Speaker
58:improve
2962:Portal
2834:Cinema
2819:Anthem
2671:
2662:Energy
2491:Rivers
2315:
2234:
2003:
1985:
1967:
1949:
1931:
1913:
1895:
1880:Mexico
1877:
1859:
1844:Panama
1841:
1823:
1805:
1787:
1772:Brazil
1769:
1751:
1733:
1715:
1697:
1679:
1661:
1643:
1625:
1607:
1589:
1574:Poland
1571:
1553:
1538:Persia
1535:
1517:
1499:
1481:
1463:
1445:
1427:
1409:
1373:
1358:Norway
1355:
1337:
1319:
1304:Sweden
1301:
1286:France
1283:
1265:
1254:Date
1251:State
1033:, and
1031:Latvia
998:Decree
982:a.k.a.
895:after
764:nation
510:Kunnat
47:, but
2941:Index
2910:Sport
2905:Sauna
2878:Music
2873:Media
2769:Finns
2749:Crime
2511:Turku
2484:Ă…land
2459:Lakes
2275:from
2006:Chile
1664:Chile
1628:Japan
1448:Spain
1096:1917.
725:RSFSR
121:State
2849:Flag
2604:NATO
2516:Oulu
2232:ISBN
2213:2020
2176:2016
2151:2016
2096:2016
2066:2014
1682:Peru
1556:Siam
1240:and
1045:and
976:The
957:The
837:N.S.
825:Tsar
772:bill
731:The
381:2024
375:2019
370:2014
358:2023
353:2019
348:2015
334:2018
329:2012
324:2006
205:list
186:list
169:list
2829:Art
2589:Law
2277:YLE
885:§38
822:of
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