1179:
1189:
29:
69:
245:. The Exchange reconstituted the pepper seeds and cultivated the first fish pepper seedlings in half a century. Since their resurrection, the fish pepper has regained its former popularity and is readily available from seed websites and once again sees regular use in dishes at
266:
as it is in the kitchen for its unusual fruits. As they grow, the fruit's color varies greatly, progressing from a creamy white albinism to a deep blood red when mature. Fish peppers are typically hot peppers, and their heat can range from 5,000 to 30,000 on the
220:
to be spiced without affecting the color of the final dish. Due to urbanization, fish peppers declined in popularity during the early 20th century, eventually disappearing from restaurant menus, marketplaces and the catalogs of seed vendors.
257:
The color of the fruit range from green, orange, brown, white and red, being spicy and hot. The cultivar is celebrated for its unusual foliage. The plants have striking white and green mottled leaves, making the variety as valued as an
241:, used to treat Pippin's arthritis. The seeds stayed in the Weaver family freezer for fifty years, until 1995 when Weaver's grandson, William Woys Weaver, discovered the seeds and sent them to the
216:(hence the name "fish pepper"). The fish pepper's rare trait of albinism was highly valued by chefs because the use of the peppers in their albino phase of ripening allowed white foods such as
669:
271:. The peppers grow to roughly 1.5 to 2 inches (3.8 to 5.1 cm) in length, with the plant itself growing to roughly 2 feet (61 cm) in height.
167:
513:
954:
935:
1223:
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foliage and its peppers ripen from white with green streaks to a dark red color. The fish pepper has a wide range of pungency, with
1004:
1064:
662:
126:
for the better part of the 20th century until the rediscovery of fifty year-old seeds in an
African American family's freezer.
362:
246:
1218:
1182:
1024:
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456:
678:
280:
338:
212:, the pepper became a popular ingredient among the Black community and was commonly used in many crab houses and
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237:. He traded seeds to a local beekeeper named H. Ralph Weaver in exchange for Weaver's celebrated
170:
384:"Domestication of Capsicum annuum chile pepper provides insights into crop origin and evolution"
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999:
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146:. Its origins are obscure, but it is believed to originally be native to southern
1044:
925:
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263:
151:
115:
238:
213:
143:
123:
1089:
758:
514:"Fish Pepper: A Peculiar Pepper With Deep Roots in African-American History"
205:
178:
53:
486:
310:
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1019:
1014:
920:
905:
773:
637:
408:"Peppers: History and Exploitation of a Serendipitous New Crop Discovery"
201:
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where it was noted to have been grown by enslaved
Africans in Baltimore.
174:
97:
28:
1094:
1039:
1009:
910:
890:
753:
36:
974:
647:
147:
538:"The Story of Fish Peppers, a Legacy of the African American Garden"
457:"The Story of Fish Peppers, a Legacy of the African American Garden"
333:
331:
68:
229:
The cultivar was saved from extinction thanks to a barter made by
651:
155:
150:, where its center of diversity exists. Being cultivated by
233:
in the 1940s. Pippin was a Black folk painter who lived in
487:"Fish Pepper: Resurrecting Baltimore's Chili Pepper Past"
311:"Fish Pepper: Resurrecting Baltimore's Chili Pepper Past"
122:
from 5,000 to 30,000 units. The pepper was thought to be
363:"Origin and center of domestication of Capsicum annuum"
106:. It is an heirloom variety developed and preserved by
200:
believes them to have originally have been brought by
158:, it would later spread throughout most of southern
1153:
1118:
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963:
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63:
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35:
21:
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189:From the Caribbean, it made its way to the
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27:
18:
433:"Maryland Food History: The Fish Pepper"
142:is a species of the plant in the family
302:
431:Maryland, Preservation (2017-07-28).
7:
1188:
481:
479:
477:
339:"The US pepper that was nearly lost"
177:, cultivation had been noted in the
14:
1187:
1178:
1177:
67:
1:
154:societies since roughly 8000
1065:Trinidad scorpion 'Butch T'
204:. By 1870, particularly in
16:Cultivar of Capsicum annuum
1240:
281:List of Capsicum cultivars
1173:
185:Origin and historical use
86:
59:
26:
1224:African-American cuisine
1060:Trinidad Moruga scorpion
512:Ly, Linda (2014-10-06).
96:is a small Chili pepper
587:Weaver, William Woys.
562:Weaver, William Woys.
1145:Sweet piquanté pepper
1050:'Red Savina' habanero
1025:Hainan yellow lantern
437:Preservation Maryland
769:Diavoletto d'Abruzzo
243:Seed Savers Exchange
412:www.hort.purdue.edu
286:Sea island red peas
110:communities in the
1219:Capsicum cultivars
1090:African bird's eye
995:Chocolate habanero
493:. 29 November 2014
291:Carolina gold rice
218:cream of crab soup
1201:
1200:
719:Beaver Dam pepper
593:Mother Earth News
568:Mother Earth News
239:bee sting therapy
198:Michael W. Twitty
166:. By the time of
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1191:
1190:
1181:
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849:New Mexico chile
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114:. The plant has
108:African American
82:5,000–30,000 SHU
71:
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1035:Madame Jeanette
1005:Dragon's Breath
990:Carolina Reaper
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901:Peperone crusco
879:Santa Fe Grande
709:Baklouti pepper
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140:Capsicum annuum
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120:Scoville scores
103:Capsicum annuum
100:of the species
43:Capsicum annuum
17:
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11:
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589:"Fish Peppers"
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564:"Fish Peppers"
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195:Food historian
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1214:Chili peppers
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1165:Rocoto pepper
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1081:C. frutescens
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1055:Scotch bonnet
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941:glabriusculum
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814:Hungarian wax
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789:Facing heaven
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714:Banana pepper
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638:"Fish Pepper"
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617:Cayenne Diane
614:
613:"Fish Pepper"
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231:Horace Pippin
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164:South America
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160:North America
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1156:C. pubescens
1154:
1119:
1079:
985:Bhut jolokia
964:
940:
936:
824:Kashmiri red
779:Er jing tiao
694:
690:
679:
632:
620:. Retrieved
616:
607:
596:. Retrieved
592:
582:
571:. Retrieved
567:
557:
546:. Retrieved
544:. 2021-04-04
541:
532:
521:. Retrieved
518:Garden Betty
517:
507:
495:. Retrieved
490:
465:. Retrieved
463:. 2021-04-04
460:
451:
440:. Retrieved
436:
426:
415:. Retrieved
411:
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391:. Retrieved
387:
378:
369:
357:
346:. Retrieved
342:
319:. Retrieved
317:. 2014-11-29
314:
305:
256:
247:Mid-Atlantic
235:Pennsylvania
228:
210:Philadelphia
188:
152:Mesoamerican
139:
138:
101:
93:
91:
41:
1121:C. baccatum
1045:Naga Morich
966:C. chinense
926:Siling haba
794:Friggitello
724:Bell pepper
491:PepperScale
343:www.bbc.com
315:PepperScale
264:landscaping
253:Description
225:Rediscovery
214:oyster bars
94:fish pepper
22:Fish pepper
1208:Categories
1140:Lemon drop
749:Cheongyang
729:Bird's eye
598:2019-06-08
573:2021-09-08
548:2024-02-18
542:Epicurious
523:2021-09-08
467:2021-09-08
461:Epicurious
442:2021-09-08
417:2021-09-08
393:2021-09-08
348:2024-02-18
321:2021-09-08
297:References
260:ornamental
191:Chesapeake
168:Columbus's
135:Background
116:variegated
112:Chesapeake
1105:Malagueta
980:Ají dulce
937:C. annuum
784:Espelette
759:Cubanelle
691:C. annuum
682:cultivars
622:12 August
497:12 August
206:Baltimore
179:Caribbean
144:solanacea
54:Caribbean
1183:Category
1070:Pepper X
1030:Infinity
1020:Habanero
1015:Habanaga
921:Shishito
906:Pimiento
819:Jalapeño
799:Guajillo
774:Dundicut
764:De árbol
739:Cascabel
680:Capsicum
388:phys.org
275:See also
202:Haitians
175:Americas
98:cultivar
1193:Commons
1110:Tabasco
1095:Kambuzi
1040:Nagabon
1010:Fatalii
916:Serrano
911:Poblano
891:Pasilla
859:Chimayó
854:Big Jim
754:Chilaca
744:Cayenne
734:Byadagi
208:and in
173:in the
171:arrival
130:History
124:extinct
37:Species
1100:Labuyo
975:Adjuma
950:Piquín
886:Padrón
874:Sandia
864:Fresno
844:Mulato
839:Medusa
834:Korean
809:Harmal
704:Aleppo
695:annuum
148:Mexico
50:Origin
1000:Datil
939:var.
896:Peter
869:No. 9
829:Khola
693:var.
366:(PDF)
624:2017
499:2017
162:and
92:The
64:Heat
1130:Ají
262:in
156:BCE
72:Hot
1210::
615:.
591:.
566:.
540:.
516:.
489:.
476:^
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435:.
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341:.
330:^
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324:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
