249:
plan in advance for this need by reserving memory for later expansion, left unused when producing their final iteration. Other programmers not involved with the original implementation, seeking to incorporate changes at a later time, must find or make space for any additional bytes needed. The most fortunate possible circumstance for this is when the routine to be patched is a distinct module. In this case the patch programmer need merely adjust the pointers or length indicators that signal to other system components the space occupied by the module; he is then free to populate this memory space with his expanded patch code. If the routine to be patched does not exist as a distinct memory module, the programmer must find ways to shrink the routine to make enough room for the expanded patch code. Typical tactics include shortening code by finding more efficient sequences of instructions (or by redesigning with more efficient algorithms), compacting message strings and other data areas, externalizing program functions to mass storage (such as disk overlays), or removal of program features deemed less important than the changes to be installed with the patch.
241:—typically by overwriting its bytes with bytes representing the new patch code. If the new code will fit in the space (number of bytes) occupied by the old code, it may be put in place by overwriting directly over the old code. This is called an inline patch. If the new code is bigger than the old code, the patch utility will append load record(s) containing the new code to the object file of the target program being patched. When the patched program is run, execution is directed to the new code with branch instructions (jumps or calls) patched over the place in the old code where the new code is needed. On early 8-bit microcomputers, for example the Radio Shack
917:
50:
383:
576:, which are typically very complex with large amounts of content, almost always rely heavily on patches following the initial release, where patches sometimes add new content and abilities available to players. Because the balance and fairness for all players of an MMORPG can be severely corrupted within a short amount of time by an exploit, servers of an MMORPG are sometimes taken down with short notice in order to apply a critical patch with a fix.
789:. In large software applications such as office suites, operating systems, database software, or network management, it is not uncommon to have a service pack issued within the first year or two of a product's release. Installing a service pack is easier and less error-prone than installing many individual patches, even more so when updating multiple computers over a network, where service packs are common.
330:
494:
operating systems often provide automatic or semi-automatic updating facilities. Completely automatic updates have not succeeded in gaining widespread popularity in corporate computing environments, partly because of the aforementioned glitches, but also because administrators fear that software companies may gain unlimited control over their computers.
478:; thus, more significant changes imply a larger size, though this also depends on whether the patch includes entire files or only the changed portion(s) of files. In particular, patches can become quite large when the changes add or replace non-program data, such as graphics and sounds files. Such situations commonly occur in the patching of
904:
installing an operating system on each computer would be to use the original media and then update each computer after the installation was complete. This would take a lot more time than starting with a more up-to-date (slipstreamed) source, and needing to download and install the few updates not included in the slipstreamed source.
1389:
that no further patches to the title would be forthcoming. The community was predictably upset. Instead of giving up on the game, users decided that if
Activision wasn't going to fix the bugs, they would. They wanted to save the game by getting Activision to open the source so it could be kept alive
524:
poses special challenges, as it often involves the provisioning of totally new firmware images, rather than applying only the differences from the previous version. The patch usually consists of a firmware image in form of binary data, together with a supplier-provided special program that replaces
532:
update is an example of a common firmware patch. Any unexpected error or interruption during the update, such as a power outage, may render the motherboard unusable. It is possible for motherboard manufacturers to put safeguards in place to prevent serious damage; for example, the update procedure
493:
software, patches have the particularly important role of fixing security holes. Some critical patches involve issues with drivers. Patches may require prior application of other patches, or may require prior or concurrent updates of several independent software components. To facilitate updates,
248:
The patch code must have place(s) in memory to be executed at runtime. Inline patches are no difficulty, but when additional memory space is needed the programmer must improvise. Naturally if the patch programmer is the one who first created the code to be patched, this is easier. Savvy programmers
1357:
fans of the Myth trilogy have taken this idea a step further: they have official access to the source code for the Myth games. Organized under the name MythDevelopers, this all-volunteer group of programmers, artists, and other talented people devote their time to improving and supporting further
144:
Typically, a patch needs to be applied to the specific version of the resource it is intended to modify, although there are exceptions. Some patching tools can detect the version of the existing resource and apply the appropriate patch, even if it supports multiple versions. As more patches are
903:
The nature of slipstreaming means that it involves an initial outlay of time and work, but can save a lot of time (and, by extension, money) in the long term. This is especially significant for administrators that are tasked with managing a large number of computers, where typical practice for
437:
Computer programs can often coordinate patches to update a target program. Automation simplifies the end-user's task – they need only to execute an update program, whereupon that program makes sure that updating the target takes place completely and correctly. Service packs for
784:
A service pack or SP or a feature pack (FP) comprises a collection of updates, fixes, or enhancements to a software program delivered in the form of a single installable package. Companies often release a service pack when the number of individual patches to a given program reaches a certain
673:
A hotfix or Quick Fix
Engineering update (QFE update) is a single, cumulative package that includes information (often in the form of one or more files) that is used to address a problem in a software product (i.e., a software bug). Typically, hotfixes are made to address a specific customer
402:, expecting the recipient to cut out the indicated part of the original tape (or deck), and patch in (hence the name) the replacement segment. Later patch distributions used magnetic tape. Then, after the invention of removable disk drives, patches came from the software developer via a
743:
is a change applied to an asset to correct the weakness described by a vulnerability. This corrective action will prevent successful exploitation and remove or mitigate a threat's capability to exploit a specific vulnerability in an asset. Patch management is a part of
618:
In open-source projects, the authors commonly receive patches or many people publish patches that fix particular problems or add certain functionality, like support for local languages outside the project's locale. In an example from the early development of the
907:
However, not all patches can be applied in this fashion and one disadvantage is that if it is discovered that a certain patch is responsible for later problems, said patch cannot be removed without using an original, non-slipstreamed installation source.
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beyond the point where
Activision lost interest. With some help from members of the development team that were active on fan forums, they were eventually able to convince Activision to release Call to Power II's source code in October of 2003.
861:, is the application of patches without shutting down and restarting the system or the program concerned. This addresses problems related to unavailability of service provided by the system or the program. Method can be used to update
145:
released, their cumulative size can grow significantly, sometimes exceeding the size of the resource itself. To manage this, the number of supported versions may be limited, or a complete copy of the resource might be provided instead.
457:
often takes place in this manner. In situations where system administrators control a number of computers, this sort of automation helps to maintain consistency. The application of security patches commonly occurs in this manner.
755:"), and other operating systems and software projects have security teams dedicated to releasing the most reliable software patches as soon after a vulnerability announcement as possible. Security patches are closely tied to
722:
terminology for a single bug fix, or group of fixes, distributed in a form ready to install for customers. A PTF was sometimes referred to as a “ZAP”. Customers sometime explain the acronym in a tongue-in-cheek manner as
461:
With the advent of larger storage media and higher
Internet bandwidth, it became common to replace entire files (or even all of a program's files) rather than modifying existing files, especially for smaller programs.
970:
allow users to update all software installed on their machine. Applications like
Synaptic use cryptographic checksums to verify source/local files before they are applied to ensure fidelity against malware.
1575:
1829:
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processes to infect millions of machines in a single, officially signed, instantaneous update. Update managers also allow for security updates to be applied quickly and widely. Update managers of
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or shortcomings. Examples are security fixes by security specialists when an official patch by the software producers itself takes too long. Other examples are unofficial patches created by the
163:
Patching allows for making changes to a program without rebuilding it from source. For small changes, it can be more economical to distribute a patch than to distribute the complete resource.
509:(available in 2004) enabled them by default. Cautious users, particularly system administrators, tend to put off applying patches until they can verify the stability of the fixes. Microsoft
288:
Because the word "patch" carries the connotation of a small fix, large fixes may use different nomenclature. Bulky patches or patches that significantly change a program may circulate as "
1313:
1258:
141:
A patch may be created manually, but commonly it is created via a tool that compares two versions of the resource and generates data that can be used to transform one to the other.
1646:
1517:
1236:
170:). In some cases updates may knowingly break the functionality or disable a device, for instance, by removing components for which the update provider is no longer licensed.
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Patches can also circulate in the form of source code modifications. In this case, the patches usually consist of textual differences between two source code files, called "
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game experience that can be used to gain unfair advantages over other players. Extra features and gameplay tweaks can often be added. These kinds of patches are common in
245:, the operating system includes a PATCH/CMD utility which accepts patch data from a text file and applies the fixes to the target program's executable binary file(s).
1432:
785:(arbitrary) limit, or the software release has shown to be stabilized with a limited number of remaining issues based on users' feedback and bug tracking such as
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receive patches to fix compatibility problems after their initial release just like any other software, but they can also be applied to change game rules or
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is unavailable. This demands a thorough understanding of the inner workings of the compiled code, which is challenging without access to the source code.
751:
Security patches are the primary method of fixing security vulnerabilities in software. Currently
Microsoft releases its security patches once a month ("
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1344:
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supports this. In the cases of large patches or of significant changes, distributors often limit availability of patches to qualified developers as a
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for programs in frequent use or in maintenance. This commonly occurs on very large-scale software projects, but rarely in small-scale development.
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These security patches are critical to ensure that business process does not get affected. In 2017, companies were struck by a ransomware called
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in 1994 denounced "companies—too numerous to mention—who release shoddy product knowing they can get by with patches and upgrades, and who make
1305:
678:
once used this term but has stopped in favor of new terminology: General
Distribution Release (GDR) and Limited Distribution Release (LDR).
1250:
682:, however, defines a hotfix as "a change made to the game deemed critical enough that it cannot be held off until a regular content patch".
230:. When executed these files load a program into memory which manages the installation of the patch code into the target program(s) on disk.
71:
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could make and keep a backup of the firmware to use in case it determines that the primary copy is corrupt (usually through the use of a
650:). The FAQ on the project's official site states that the name 'Apache' was chosen from respect for the Native American Indian tribe of
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and demands a ransom via BitCoin. In response to this, Microsoft released a patch which stops the ransomware from running.
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Usage of completely automatic updates has become far more widespread in the consumer market, due largely to the fact that
180:, and is the process of using a strategy and plan of what patches should be applied to which systems at a specified time.
1428:
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731:, because they have the option to make the PTF a permanent part of the operating system if the patch fixes the problem.
277:
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Patches for other software are typically distributed as data files containing the patch code. These are read by a patch
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704:. Often, there are too many bugs to be fixed in a single major or minor release, creating a need for a point release.
64:
58:
1701:
763:
748: – the cyclical practice of identifying, classifying, remediating, and mitigating vulnerabilities.
608:
340:
1868:
958:, distributed builds are likely the only way to defend against malware that attacks the software development and
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Cloud providers often use hot patching to avoid downtime for customers when updating underlying infrastructure.
75:
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Another unofficial patch has been released to counter a critical flaw in
Microsoft's Internet Explorer browser.
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1204:
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often used the POKE command to alter the functionality of a system service routine or the interpreter itself.
1372:
1222:
1170:
Computercare's Laptop Repair
Workbook: The 300 Cases of Classic Notebook Computers Troubleshooting and Repair
700:
of a software project, especially one intended to fix bugs or do small cleanups rather than add significant
557:
538:
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1058:
390:, one of the first digital computers. Note physical patches used to correct punched holes by covering them.
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which performs the installation. This utility modifies the target program's executable file—the program's
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means extending or modifying a program locally (affecting only the running instance of the program).
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or through automated software updates became often available to the end-users. Starting with Apple's
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219:
135:
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Small in-memory machine code patches can be manually applied with the system debug utility, such as
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382:
167:
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to deliver hot patches to the iOS ecosystem. Another method for hot-patching iOS apps is JSPatch.
482:. Compared with the initial installation of software, patches usually do not take long to apply.
946:
Software update systems allow for updates to be managed by users and software developers. In the
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files of their original app, so that the result allows a direct installation of the updated app.
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635:
450:
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Although often intended to fix problems, a poorly designed patch can introduce new problems (see
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An unofficial patch is a patch for a program written by a third party instead of the original
767:
514:
502:
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and its successors and for many commercial software products adopt such automated strategies.
434:, PC operating systems gained the ability to get automatic software updates via the Internet.
1792:
1642:
950:, the financial software "MeDoc"'s update system is said to have been compromised to spread
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798:
639:
486:
454:
188:
173:
153:
115:
1480:"Hot or Not? The Benefits and Risks of iOS Remote Hot Patching « Threat Research Blog"
654:. However, the 'a patchy server' explanation was initially given on the project's website.
280:. In these cases, developers expect users to compile the new or changed files themselves.
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1309:
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937:
933:
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234:
223:
200:
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Program temporary fix or
Product temporary fix (PTF), depending on date, is the standard
138:. A patch is typically provided by a vendor for updating the software that they provide.
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959:
812:
624:
387:
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used the terms "FixPaks" and "Corrective Service Diskette" to refer to these updates.
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without stopping the system. A patch that can be applied in this way is called a
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403:
329:
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17:
1728:"Deterministic Builds Part One: Cyberwar and Global Compromise | The Tor Blog"
1607:
954:
via its updates. On the Tor Blog, cybersecurity expert Mike Perry states that
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that is intended to be used to modify an existing software resource such as a
873:. This is becoming a common practice in the mobile app space. Companies like
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with very little or no intervention on the part of users. The maintenance of
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in which case the change is lost when the resource is reloaded from storage.
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553:
309:
184:
131:
627:, the original author, received hundreds of thousands of patches from many
892:
In computing, slipstreaming is the act of integrating patches (including
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423:
419:
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196:
149:
1005:
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354: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
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Uninstall High Definition Audio driver patch KB835221 & KB888111
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1670:"Virus (cough, cough, Petya) goes postal at FedEx, shares halted"
1510:"Rollout.io Puts Mobile Developers Back In Control Of Their Apps"
646:, hence a name that implies that it is a collection of patches (
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411:
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Companies sometimes release games knowing that they have bugs.
191:
so that it is permanent. In some cases a patch is applied by a
37:"Software update" redirects here. For the macOS component, see
1850:. A metric comparing patch performance of Microsoft and Apple.
1306:"Another unofficial IE patch offered to counter critical flaw"
1251:"SPZAP (a.k.a. Superzap): Dynamically update programs or data"
719:
323:
313:
43:
1830:
A detailed masters dissertation dealing with security patches
1225:. 15 June 1997. Archived from the original on 15 June 1997.
1454:"Linux Kernel Live Patching: What It is and Who Needs It"
1375:. Technology Innovation Management Review. Archived from
27:
Data intended for modifying an existing software resource
607:
Patches sometimes become mandatory to fix problems with
394:
Historically, software suppliers distributed patches on
1840:
0-Day Patch – Exposing Vendors (In)security Performance
260:'s DEBUG debuggers. Programmers working in interpreted
1568:"Hot Patching SQL Server Engine in Azure SQL Database"
1702:"New Petya Distribution Vectors Bubbling to Surface"
1635:"Slipstreaming Windows XP with Service Pack 3 (SP3)"
556:. These patches may be prompted by the discovery of
312:) use the "service pack" terminology. Historically,
1055:"Microsoft issues biggest software patch on record"
130:. A patch may be created to improve functionality,
1081:"What is a Bug Fix? – Definition from Techopedia"
623:(noted for publishing its complete source code),
1235:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (
638:originally evolved as a number of patches that
498:can offer various degrees of patch automation.
276:". These types of patches commonly come out of
807:. Similar to an ordinary patch, it alleviates
1173:. AuthorHouse (published 2012). p. 591.
525:the previous version with the new version; a
8:
766:which encrypts files in certain versions of
445:Some programs can update themselves via the
1281:"Unofficial patch for Windows URI problem"
370:Learn how and when to remove this message
94:Learn how and when to remove this message
631:to apply against his original version.
470:The size of patches may vary from a few
57:This article includes a list of general
1046:
32:Patch (disambiguation) § Computing
1228:
1649:from the original on 11 December 2016
1057:. Reuters. 2009-10-14. Archived from
7:
1460:from the original on 28 October 2020
1358:development of the Myth game series.
352:adding citations to reliable sources
1614:from the original on 9 January 2018
1835:Official Linux kernel patch format
1508:Perez, Sarah (22 September 2015).
183:Typically, a patch is applied via
63:it lacks sufficient corresponding
25:
1760:Introducing Ubuntu: Desktop Linux
1738:from the original on 23 June 2017
1708:from the original on 28 June 2017
930:Category:Software update managers
1682:from the original on 1 July 2017
1429:"Live patching the Linux kernel"
1110:"Service Pack and Update Center"
328:
148:Patching allows for modifying a
48:
1598:"Build an XP SP3 Recovery Disc"
1578:from the original on 2019-09-13
1549:from the original on 2017-01-04
1520:from the original on 2016-11-27
1490:from the original on 2016-10-26
1435:from the original on 2020-10-28
1347:from the original on 2013-04-06
1316:from the original on 2021-05-02
1287:from the original on 2021-04-29
1261:from the original on 2020-05-24
1149:from the original on 2016-12-01
1120:from the original on 2015-06-01
1091:from the original on 2018-07-03
924:software update prompt on macOS
339:needs additional citations for
30:For other uses of "Patch", see
599:-testers of their customers".
296:and its successors (including
1:
1633:Thurrott, Paul (7 May 2008).
1036:White hat (computer security)
422:patches from the developer's
292:" or as "software updates".
278:open-source software projects
222:are typically distributed as
1791:Magazines, S. P. H. (2007).
1704:. Threatpost. 28 June 2017.
1596:Karp, David (14 July 2008).
1406:. Oracle.com. Archived from
1279:Barwise, Mike (2007-10-16).
1223:"Apache HTTP Server Project"
507:Service Pack 2 of Windows XP
505:added support for them, and
386:A program tape for the 1944
1373:"Opening the Source of Art"
1205:"So You Want To Be A Hero?"
981:Software release life cycle
1885:
1339:Wen, Howard (2004-06-10).
927:
843:
826:
819:which became unsupported.
796:
777:
711:
689:
666:
496:Package management systems
36:
29:
1371:Bell, John (2009-10-01).
1341:"Keeping the Myths Alive"
859:dynamic software updating
846:Dynamic software updating
294:Microsoft Windows NT
1757:Proffitt, Brian (2008).
1167:Liu, Ashok (June 2012).
948:2017 Petya cyberpandemic
746:vulnerability management
414:. With widely available
128:security vulnerabilities
1572:Techcommunity Microsoft
912:Software update systems
725:permanent temporary fix
603:In software development
78:more precise citations.
1343:. linuxdevcenter.com.
1203:Scorpia (April 1994).
1011:Vulnerability database
925:
757:responsible disclosure
680:Blizzard Entertainment
391:
1639:Supersite for Windows
1209:Computer Gaming World
1114:windows.microsoft.com
942:Software verification
919:
714:Program temporary fix
708:Program temporary fix
696:A point release is a
582:Computer Gaming World
566:first-person shooters
385:
195:via a tool such as a
39:Apple Software Update
1864:Software maintenance
1763:. Cengage Learning.
1255:IBM Knowledge Center
1031:Shavlik Technologies
1026:Automatic bug fixing
986:Software maintenance
727:or more practically
642:collated to improve
611:or with portions of
520:Applying patches to
440:Microsoft Windows NT
348:improve this article
220:proprietary software
178:lifecycle management
168:software regressions
1732:blog.torproject.org
1207:. Scorpion's View.
1139:"Glossary of terms"
729:probably this fixes
572:capability, and in
268:Source code patches
156:) program when the
1846:2014-01-31 at the
1283:. The H Security.
1061:on 16 October 2009
926:
793:Unofficial patches
636:Apache HTTP Server
392:
185:programmed control
1539:"bang590/JSPatch"
1404:"Oracle Magazine"
1211:. pp. 54–58.
768:Microsoft Windows
648:"a patchy server"
503:Microsoft Windows
487:operating systems
455:operating systems
380:
379:
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298:Windows 2000
104:
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16:(Redirected from
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1869:Software release
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1456:. 6 March 2020.
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879:method swizzling
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799:Unofficial patch
735:Security patches
640:Brian Behlendorf
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453:software and of
430:and Microsoft's
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224:executable files
189:computer storage
174:Patch management
154:machine language
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302:Windows XP
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122:, often to fix
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70:Please help to
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360:November 2020
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1675:The Register
1673:
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1423:
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1408:the original
1398:
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1377:the original
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1059:the original
1049:
1001:Patch (Unix)
945:
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898:installation
891:
883:
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863:Linux kernel
858:
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851:Hot patching
850:
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840:Hot patching
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829:Monkey patch
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780:Service pack
774:Service pack
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621:Linux kernel
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537:, such as a
519:
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346:Please help
341:verification
338:
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239:machine code
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218:Patches for
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107:
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62:
1618:7 September
1603:PC Magazine
996:Dribbleware
991:Backporting
896:) into the
674:situation.
629:programmers
613:source code
570:multiplayer
562:multiplayer
550:Video games
545:Video games
527:motherboard
466:Application
420:downloading
406:or, later,
228:source code
226:instead of
158:source code
136:performance
76:introducing
1858:Categories
1822:entry for
1653:3 December
1608:Ziff Davis
1582:2019-09-15
1553:2016-10-26
1524:2016-10-26
1514:TechCrunch
1494:2016-10-26
1464:25 October
1439:2020-10-25
1414:2013-01-04
1383:2012-12-30
1351:2012-12-22
1320:2013-07-09
1291:2012-01-29
1265:2020-02-23
1186:2015-01-08
1153:2016-11-23
1124:2015-06-01
1095:2015-07-29
1065:14 October
1042:References
928:See also:
875:Rollout.io
871:live patch
817:video game
644:NCSA HTTPd
554:algorithms
432:Windows ME
396:paper tape
256:'s DDT or
193:programmer
59:references
867:hot patch
805:developer
676:Microsoft
609:libraries
515:beta test
476:megabytes
132:usability
1844:Archived
1736:Archived
1706:Archived
1680:Archived
1647:Archived
1612:Archived
1576:Archived
1547:Archived
1518:Archived
1488:Archived
1458:Archived
1433:Archived
1345:Archived
1314:Archived
1285:Archived
1259:Archived
1231:cite web
1147:Archived
1118:Archived
1089:Archived
975:See also
968:Synaptic
966:such as
787:Bugzilla
764:WannaCry
702:features
658:Variants
558:exploits
535:checksum
522:firmware
447:Internet
428:Mac OS 9
424:web site
418:access,
416:Internet
197:debugger
150:compiled
1801:11 July
1776:11 July
1742:11 July
1712:29 June
1686:29 June
1484:FireEye
1006:Porting
952:malware
922:Sparkle
590:Scorpia
574:MMORPGs
560:in the
320:History
116:program
72:improve
1767:
1643:Penton
1543:GitHub
1177:
940:, and
669:Hotfix
663:Hotfix
652:Apache
511:(W)SUS
451:server
408:CD-ROM
398:or on
258:MS-DOS
243:TRS-80
61:, but
1824:patch
1021:SMP/E
964:Linux
960:build
869:or a
815:of a
594:'
586:'
568:with
472:bytes
274:diffs
262:BASIC
207:Types
134:, or
118:or a
108:patch
1803:2017
1778:2017
1765:ISBN
1744:2017
1714:2017
1688:2017
1655:2016
1620:2017
1466:2020
1237:link
1175:ISBN
1067:2009
877:use
809:bugs
634:The
530:BIOS
489:and
412:mail
410:via
404:disk
308:and
254:CP/M
126:and
124:bugs
120:file
112:data
1794:HWM
857:or
720:IBM
597:pay
541:).
539:CRC
350:by
314:IBM
199:to
187:to
110:is
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