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Fire moss is a short moss that forms dense tufts or sometimes cushions. The stems are erect, usually about 0.5 inch (1.3 cm) long. The upper 0.19 inch (0.5 cm) is current year's growth; often slightly branched by forking at the tip of the old growth. The stems sometimes become 2.4 to 3.1
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Fire moss will colonize burned areas through lightweight, off-site, wind-dispersed spores. High-severity fire, which exposes mineral soil, provides ideal conditions for the germination of fire moss spores. Fire moss is often the dominant vegetation for several years following high-severity fire.
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Spore germination in fire moss is a two-phase process. Spores first swell then distend. Usually the setae are present in great numbers in the colony; with changes in humidity they twist and untwist. This movement helps to jerk the capsules, helping in spore discharge. Possibly the contraction of
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Fire moss is often found on disturbed sites. It occurs on a wide range of substrates including soil, rock, wood, humus, old roofs, sand, and cracks of sidewalks. It is most abundant on exposed, compact, mineral, dry, gravelly or sandy soils but tolerates a wide range of soil textures. Sand dunes
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Fire moss can tolerate much higher pollution levels than other mosses. It is common in urban and industrial environments subjected to a variety of pollutants, along highways, and on the tailings and refuse associated with both coal and heavy-metal mining activities.
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Crane, M. F.; Habeck, James R.; Fischer, William C. 1983. Early postfire revegetation in a western
Montana Douglas-fir forest. Res. Pap. INT-319. Ogden, UT: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Intermountain Forest and Range Experiment
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Fire moss likely occurs in every country but is possibly replaced by closely related taxa in tropical latitudes. It is widespread throughout Canada, where it occurs in every province and territory. It occurs in every state in the United States.
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appear early in the spring, as soon as the snow melts. In March, the setae reach their full height and begin to turn from green to red. Capsules mature by late spring. By midsummer the capsules often decay, and the setae break from the moss.
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Viereck, L. A.; Dyrness, C. T. 1979. Ecological effects of the
Wickersham Dome Fire near Fairbanks, Alaska. Gen. Tech. Rep. PNW-90. Portland, OR: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Forest and Range Experiment
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Auclair, A. N. D. 1983. The role of fire in lichen-dominated tundra and forest-tundra. In: Wein, Ross W.; MacLean, David A., eds. The role of fire in northern circumpolar ecosystems. Scope 18. New York: John Wiley & Sons:
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were found to choose female plants preferentially, and the study found that the springtails enhance moss fertilization. The results seem to suggest a plant-pollinator relationship analogous to those found in flowering plants.
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It produces few spores late in the first postfire year and many in the second. If fire takes place in early spring; gametophores can develop in 4 to 5 months. If the fire takes place in the fall, colonization is slower.
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with a color ranging from yellow-green to red. The height amounts to 3 centimeters. It is found worldwide, mainly in urban areas and next to roads on dry sand soils. It can grow in a very wide variety of habitats, from
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caves. It is a colonizer of disturbed sites and readily invades mineral soil by spores. Fire moss is typically found associated with other species characteristic of disturbed sites such as fireweed (
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Rosenstiel, T. N.; Shortlidge, E. E.; Melnychenko, A. N.; Pankow, J. F.; Eppley, S. M. (2012). "Sex-specific volatile compounds influence microarthropod-mediated fertilization of moss".
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Olesen, Peter; Mogensen, Gert Steen. 1978. Ultrastructure, histochemistry and notes on germination stages of spores in selected mosses. The
Bryologist. 81(4): 493-516.
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300:. The capsules are held horizontally on the end of a long seta (fruit stalk). Fire moss generally fruits abundantly. Wind is the main method of spore dispersal.
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Klinka, K.; Krajina, V. J.; Ceska, A.; Scagel, A. M. 1989. Indicator plants of coastal
British Columbia. Vancouver, BC: University of British Columbia Press.
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Fire moss contains photoprotective pigments, which are a useful adaptation for the bright
Antarctic environment. Leaf pigment varies from green to ginger.
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A 2012 study found that male and female fire moss emit different and complex volatile organic scents. Female plants emit more compounds than male plants.
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Hall, Christine N.; Kuss, Fred R. 1989. Vegetation alteration along trails in
Shenandoah National Park, Virginia. Biological Conservation. 48: 211-227.
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Shaw, J.; Jules, E. S.; Beer, S. C. 1991. Effects of metals on growth, morphology, and reproduction of
Ceratodon purpureus. Bryologist. 94(3): 270-277.
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the grooves in the capsule at maturity also helps to squeeze out the spores. Spores of fire moss have remained viable even after drying for 16 years.
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378:. Fire Effects Information System. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory.
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Fire moss prefers low competition and high light; however, it is somewhat shade tolerant, and has, for example, been reported to grow in
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Post, A. 1990. Photoprotective pigment as an adaptive strategy in the
Antarctic moss Ceratodon purpureus. Polar Biology. 10(4): 241-246.
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Dunham, Elizabeth Marie. 1951. How to know the mosses: a popular guide to the mosses of the United States. Boston, MA: The Mosher Press.
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inches (7–8 cm) long in shaded places. Leaves are short and hairlike, spreading when moist; somewhat folded or twisted when dry.
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Ireland, R. R. 1982. Moss flora of the
Maritime Provinces. Publications in Botany No. 13. : National Museum of Natural Sciences.
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436:. British Bryological Society Special Volume. Vol. 5 (4 ed.). Wootton, Northampton: British Bryological Society.
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Cormack, R. G. H. 1953. A survey of coniferous forest succession in the eastern
Rockies. Forestry Chronicle. 29: 218-232.
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Bland, John H. 1971. Forests of Lilliput. The realm of mosses and lichens. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, Inc.
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Thatcher, Edward P. (1947). "Observations on Bryophytes Living in an Artificially Illuminated Limestone Cave".
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352:). Fire moss is often replaced by flowering plants in later stages of succession. In the black spruce (
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Grout, A. J. 1932. Moss flora of North America, north of Mexico. Vol. 3. Part 3. New York: The author.
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This article incorporates text from the following source, which (as a U.S. government work) is in the
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close to water in Scotland are colonized by fire moss, which grows between the shoots of grasses.
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Richardson, D. H. 1981. The biology of mosses. Oxford: Blackwell Scientific Publications.
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Fire moss reproduces vegetatively via protonemata (threadlike or platelike growths).
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Thatcher, Edward P. (1949). "Bryophytes of an Artificially Illuminated Cave".
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434:English Names for British Bryophytes
288:Fire moss is dioecious, reproducing
1271:Flora of the South Sandwich Islands
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669:The American Midland Naturalist
1276:Flora of the Antipodes Islands
418:US Forest Service Fire Ecology
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223:to areas recently denuded by
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193:Mielichhoferia recurvifolia
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1266:Bryophyta of New Zealand
374:: Tesky, Julie L. 1992.
338:artificially illuminated
267:Distribution and habitat
249:purple horn toothed moss
227:to the bright slopes of
343:Epilobium angustifolium
389:Flora of North America
349:Anaphalis margaritacea
219:highway shoulders and
405:May 11, 2008, at the
376:"Ceratodon purpureus"
821:Ceratodon purpureus
791:Ceratodon purpureus
772:USDA Plants Profile
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620:2012Natur.489..431R
204:Ceratodon purpureus
189:Ceratodon dimorphus
161:Ceratodon purpureus
36:Ceratodon purpureus
1108:Dicranum purpureum
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783:Taxon identifiers
614:(7416): 431–433.
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815:Wikispecies
325:Springtails
312:sporophytes
298:protonemata
255:Description
1255:Categories
1052:Plant List
366:References
310:Fire moss
284:Life cycle
229:Antarctica
109:Dicranales
99:Dicranidae
95:Subclass:
75:Division:
1123:Q17465157
930:200000852
912:FloraBase
452:0268-8034
245:fire moss
137:Species:
130:Ceratodon
89:Bryopsida
79:Bryophyta
65:Kingdom:
18:Fire moss
1225:35124017
1220:Tropicos
1176:11360889
1117:Wikidata
1083:35157219
1078:Tropicos
982:2.817170
839:BioLib:
806:Q1752834
800:Wikidata
759:Station.
746:Station.
636:22810584
593:235-256.
403:Archived
296:through
233:redshank
225:wildfire
217:polluted
209:dioicous
181:Synonyms
115:Family:
1212:3862284
1189:1135156
1150:2672932
943:5281381
724:3239480
689:2421476
616:Bibcode
332:Ecology
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105:Order:
85:Class:
69:Plantae
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1070:CEPU12
1065:PLANTS
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904:cerpur
901:FEIS:
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868:853558
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881:CEFPU
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720:JSTOR
685:JSTOR
207:is a
173:Brid.
169:Hedw.
1184:ITIS
1145:GBIF
1008:3225
1003:NCBI
964:ITIS
938:GBIF
876:EPPO
855:SN4H
832:4523
632:PMID
448:ISSN
438:ISBN
212:moss
1233:WFO
1132:CoL
1091:WFO
990:NBN
925:FNA
863:EoL
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