564:
504:
142:
97:
186:
298:
43:
584:, then a common disease, despite the accusations of poison that often accompanied the death of significant people. Whether he would have become king if he had survived is open to question since few seemed keen on the treaty. One suggestion is Louis saw it as a delaying tactic to build Spanish support for a French candidate. However, the three parties involved began negotiating the Second Partition Treaty, also known as the
392:
154:
109:
216:
166:
121:
201:
576:
The
Spanish refused to have their empire divided without being consulted, and on 14 November 1698, Charles II published his will making Joseph Ferdinand heir to an independent and undivided Spanish Empire. Maria Anna was appointed Queen Regent during his minority, an announcement allegedly received
459:
The French Army remained on a war footing, but by 1699, the
English Army had been reduced to 7,000, with another 12,000 in Ireland. That made a diplomatic solution attractive to William, even if it was only temporary, and provided an opportunity to create a framework for a lasting peace. Talks on
460:
ending the Nine Years' War began in 1694 but were completed only in 1697 after Louis had negotiated directly with
William. As a result, they placed great faith in a similar process to prevent war over the succession, but it had excluded Austria and Spain, the two parties that were most affected.
364:, producing only minor gains for France, and Louis accepted that he could not achieve his objectives without external support. While Charles had survived far longer than anyone expected, his health was clearly in terminal decline, and France needed allies.
344:
families, the succession was of great significance to the
European balance of power and a matter of debate for many years. For example, it had been referenced in the 1670 Secret Treaty of Dover between England and France and the 1689 Grand Alliance.
405:
Unlike those of
Austria and France, the crown of Spain could be inherited through the female line, which would enable Charles's two sisters to pass their rights onto their children. They both had one surviving child. His half-sister
315:
became the last
Habsburg King of Spain. He had suffered from ill health for most of his life and by 1697 seemed likely to die childless. Although Spain's financial and military power had declined during the 17th century, the
285:
However, neither
Austria nor Spain was consulted, and the Spanish refused to accept the division of their empire. The death of Joseph Ferdinand in February 1699 led to the Second Partition Treaty, or
519:, as Charles's successor, but that was rejected. The parties compromised by selecting Joseph Ferdinand of Bavaria. That was supported by Charles' German wife, Maria Anna, a member of the
604:
Frans
Verbolt, for Gelderland; Van Reede & Anthonie Heinsius, Holland; Johan Becker, Zeeland; Van der Does, Utrecht; Van Haaren, Friesland; Lencker, Overijssel; de Drews, Groningen
433:
The
Spanish political establishment was split between pro-Austrian and pro-French factions. For most of Charles's reign, government was controlled by the Austrians, led by his mother,
560:, learned of its terms shortly before the treaty was signed on 11 October. His reaction was unfavourable, but since the treaty had been agreed, he could see no means of undoing it.
456:
of the Dutch
Republic. The conflict was not only a dynastic dispute between Habsburgs and Bourbons but also an issue that affected the security of England and the Dutch Republic.
1022:
A Collection of All the Treaties of Peace, Alliance, and Commerce, Between Great-Britain and Other Powers: From the Revolution in 1688, to the Present Time. Volume I: 1688–1727
383:
initially refused to sign the Treaty of Ryswick, as it left the succession unresolved. He did so in October 1697, but many viewed the treaty as only a pause in hostilities.
841:
Rule, John (2017). "A European View in Redefining William III: The Impact of the King-Stadholder in International Context". In Onnekink, David; Mijers, Esther (eds.).
563:
1073:
452:
was a significant figure in Europe because of his military leadership of the Grand Alliance during the Nine Years' War and his dual role as King of England and
376:
553:
Negotiations were conducted in secret, which was normal practice for the absolutist regime of Louis XIV but not in England. The senior English legal officer,
329:
1088:
423:
259:
had been anticipated from his succession in 1665, but by 1697 appeared clearly imminent. As he was childless, the closest heirs were of the Austrian
508:
464:
158:
113:
1098:
448:
When Charles fell seriously ill in 1698, the dominance of the Austrian faction made co-operation with Britain an attractive option for Louis.
333:
488:
442:
357:
146:
503:
1093:
926:
907:
888:
869:
850:
468:
101:
491:. On 11 October 1698, the treaty was signed by Tallard on behalf of France, Portland for England, and eight representatives from the
352:
fought a series of wars to achieve defensible borders and establish French military supremacy in Europe, most recently the 1688–1697
278:(1688-97) to attempt to resolve the issue without another expensive war. Signed on 11 October 1698, the treaty made the six-year-old
1063:
983:
964:
945:
812:
543:
917:
Rule, John (2017). "A European View in Redefining William III: The Impact of the King-Stadholder in International Context".
709:
1068:
557:
380:
249:
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492:
427:
399:
279:
415:
1048:
419:
395:
1053:
585:
297:
286:
1083:
1058:
449:
407:
526:
The treaty's provisions made Joseph Ferdinand heir to the bulk of the Spanish Empire, which included the
438:
520:
516:
411:
282:
heir to the Spanish throne, with Spain's European possessions divided between France and Austria.
527:
325:
312:
306:
256:
57:
434:
221:
153:
108:
353:
275:
862:
The Anglo-Dutch Favourite: The Career of Hans Willem Bentinck, 1st Earl of Portland (1649–1709)
979:
960:
941:
922:
903:
884:
865:
846:
808:
535:
531:
530:, which was governed by Max Emmanuel as Spanish viceroy. France was allocated the Kingdoms of
484:
476:
368:
361:
337:
260:
191:
141:
125:
96:
1020:
829:
480:
341:
264:
554:
550:, a possession that was considered vital to the security of Austria's southern border.
42:
547:
391:
317:
268:
245:
206:
165:
120:
17:
1042:
900:
A World of Paper: Louis XIV, Colbert de Torcy, and the Rise of the Information State
398:, electress of Bavaria, heir to the Spanish throne (1669–1692) and the mother of
1000:
717:
453:
36:
First Treaty of Partition between Great Britain, France and the United Provinces
523:, a family whose head was Max Emmanuel of Bavaria, Joseph Ferdinand's father.
472:
349:
82:
581:
539:
248:
to achieve a diplomatic solution to the issues that led to the 1701–1714
538:
and other concessions in Italy as well as the modern Basque province of
372:
833:
274:
Negotiations took place immediately after the financially crippling
823:
562:
502:
390:
321:
296:
27:
1698 treaty between France, Great Britain and the Dutch republic
881:
Ideology and Foreign Policy in Early Modern Europe (1650–1750)
437:. After her death in 1696, that role was assumed by his wife,
379:. The resulting growth in Habsburg power and confidence meant
244:
was one of two attempts by France, Great Britain, and the
410:(1638–83) married Louis XIV and had a son Louis, known as
320:
remained powerful and largely intact, with territories in
47:
Habsburg possessions in Spain (red), and Austria (yellow)
567:
Marquis de Pomponne (1618–1699), chief French negotiator
418:(1651–1673), married Emperor Leopold. Their daughter
1001:"The first Partition treaty, or Treaty of The Hague"
710:"The first Partition treaty, or Treaty of The Hague"
463:Initial discussions were held in Paris between the
176:
133:
88:
78:
63:
52:
35:
301:Charles II, 1665–1700; last Habsburg King of Spain
957:The Resilience of the Spanish Monarchy 1665–1700
336:. Since his closest heirs were from the ruling
825:Diplomatic negotiation: Essence and Evolution
267:. The acquisition by either of the undivided
8:
271:would change the European balance of power.
30:
786:
774:
750:
672:
648:
580:In February 1699, Joseph Ferdinand died of
542:. Finally, Leopold's younger son Archduke
369:Austrian victories over the Ottoman Empire
41:
29:
1035:(Original text of the treaty in English)
974:Ward, William; Leathes, Stanley (1912).
738:
684:
577:by his Spanish councillors in silence.
471:, followed by more substantive talks at
617:
597:
487:, and the French foreign minister, the
424:Maximillian Emanuel, Elector of Bavaria
762:
636:
624:
515:Louis XIV first proposed his son, the
660:
7:
1074:Political history of the Netherlands
696:
902:. McGill-Queen's University Press.
828:. Leiden University Dissertation.
426:, and they had one surviving son,
25:
1089:Treaties of the Kingdom of France
938:Lord Somers: A political portrait
919:The Partition Treaties, 1698–1700
898:Rule, John; Trotter, Ben (2014).
843:The Partition Treaties, 1698–1700
511:, William's chief envoy in France
367:Louis's concern was increased by
56:Concerns over the inheritance of
805:Britain and the World, 1649–1815
214:
199:
184:
164:
152:
140:
119:
107:
95:
940:. Manchester University Press.
936:Sachse, William Lewis (1986).
1:
250:War of the Spanish Succession
976:The Cambridge Modern History
955:Storrs, Christopher (2006).
822:Meerts, Paul Willem (2014).
445:was Leopold's third wife.
334:large areas of the Americas
280:Joseph Ferdinand of Bavaria
1115:
371:and resulting conquest of
304:
31:Treaty of the Hague (1698)
1094:17th century in The Hague
396:Maria Antonia (1669–1692)
360:. The war ended with the
234:1698 Treaty of The Hague,
67:11 October 1698
40:
1099:England–France relations
860:Onnekink, David (2007).
978:(2010 ed.). Nabu.
879:Rommelse, Gijs (2011).
787:Ward & Leathes 1912
775:Ward & Leathes 1912
751:Ward & Leathes 1912
673:Rule & Trotter 2014
649:Ward & Leathes 1912
238:1698 Treaty of Den Haag
568:
512:
475:beginning in May with
402:
302:
242:First Partition Treaty
18:First Partition Treaty
1064:17th century in Spain
803:Jones, J. R. (1980).
675:, pp. 94 passim.
566:
506:
441:, whose elder sister
394:
300:
1069:Partition (politics)
546:became ruler of the
521:House of Wittelsbach
422:(1669–1692) married
1079:Treaties of England
528:Spanish Netherlands
469:Marquis de Pomponne
414:. His full sister,
326:Spanish Netherlands
307:Charles II of Spain
102:Marquis de Pomponne
58:Charles II of Spain
32:
1019:Almon, J. (1772).
1005:Spanish Succession
714:Spanish Succession
699:, pp. 91–108.
569:
513:
435:Mariana of Austria
403:
303:
236:also known as the
807:. Fontana Press.
477:Anthonie Heinsius
381:Emperor Leopold I
362:Treaty of Ryswick
338:Austrian Habsburg
289:, in March 1700.
261:Habsburg monarchy
230:
229:
126:Anthonie Heinsius
16:(Redirected from
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1025:. pp. 19–27
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716:. Archived from
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628:
622:
605:
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586:Treaty of London
509:Earl of Portland
481:Grand Pensionary
465:Earl of Portland
428:Joseph Ferdinand
416:Margaret Theresa
412:le Grand Dauphin
400:Joseph Ferdinand
287:Treaty of London
265:House of Bourbon
224:
220:
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202:
194:
190:
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169:
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159:Earl of Portland
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145:
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124:
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114:Earl of Portland
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100:
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74:
72:
45:
33:
21:
1114:
1113:
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1049:1698 in England
1039:
1038:
1028:
1026:
1018:
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1007:
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996:
986:
973:
967:
954:
948:
935:
929:
916:
910:
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878:
872:
859:
853:
840:
821:
815:
802:
799:
794:
793:
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773:
769:
761:
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749:
745:
737:
733:
723:
721:
708:
707:
703:
695:
691:
683:
679:
671:
667:
659:
655:
647:
643:
635:
631:
627:, pp. 6–7.
623:
619:
614:
609:
608:
603:
599:
594:
574:
555:Lord Chancellor
501:
493:Dutch Provinces
389:
354:Nine Years' War
309:
295:
276:Nine Years' War
215:
213:
212:
200:
198:
197:
185:
183:
182:
163:
151:
139:
118:
106:
94:
70:
68:
48:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1112:
1110:
1102:
1101:
1096:
1091:
1086:
1081:
1076:
1071:
1066:
1061:
1056:
1054:1698 in France
1051:
1041:
1040:
1037:
1036:
1016:
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994:External links
992:
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959:. OUP Oxford.
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789:, p. 383.
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883:. Routledge.
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1008:. Retrieved
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718:the original
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387:Negotiations
377:Transylvania
366:
356:against the
347:
310:
284:
273:
254:
241:
237:
233:
231:
763:Sachse 1986
637:Meerts 2014
625:Storrs 2006
454:Stadtholder
450:William III
348:From 1665,
330:Philippines
134:Signatories
89:Negotiators
1043:Categories
985:1174382058
966:0199246378
947:071900604X
834:1887/29596
814:0006337589
661:Jones 1980
612:References
499:Provisions
439:Maria Anna
313:Charles II
293:Background
257:Charles II
71:1698-10-11
724:10 August
697:Rule 2017
572:Aftermath
473:The Hague
350:Louis XIV
311:In 1665,
83:The Hague
1029:15 March
582:smallpox
540:Gipuzkoa
467:and the
443:Eleonore
79:Location
1010:5 April
797:Sources
544:Charles
485:Holland
373:Hungary
222:England
177:Parties
170:Various
147:Tallard
69: (
53:Context
982:
963:
944:
925:
906:
887:
868:
849:
811:
558:Somers
536:Sicily
532:Naples
328:, the
324:, the
219:
204:
192:France
189:
64:Signed
592:Notes
322:Italy
1031:2022
1012:2020
980:ISBN
961:ISBN
942:ISBN
923:ISBN
904:ISBN
885:ISBN
866:ISBN
847:ISBN
809:ISBN
726:2023
534:and
507:The
375:and
340:and
332:and
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830:hdl
483:of
252:.
240:or
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931:.
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