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visible on the horizon, whereas sunset is the instant when the trailing edge of the disk disappears below the horizon. These are the moments of first and last direct sunlight. At these times the center of the disk is below the horizon. Furthermore, atmospheric refraction causes the Sun's disk to appear higher in the sky than it would if the Earth had no atmosphere. Thus, in the morning the upper edge of the disk is visible for several minutes before the geometric edge of the disk reaches the horizon. Similarly, in the evening the upper edge of the disk disappears several minutes after the geometric disk has passed below the horizon. The times of sunrise and sunset in almanacs are calculated for the normal atmospheric refraction of 34 minutes of arc and a
940:
3423:
1025:, believed to have been coined in the 1980s, achieved more widespread recognition in the 21st century. At the most precise measurements, a true equilux is rare, because the lengths of day and night change more rapidly than any other time of the year around the equinoxes. In the mid-latitudes, daylight increases or decreases by about three minutes per day at the equinoxes, and thus adjacent days and nights only reach within one minute of each other. The date of the closest approximation of the equilux varies slightly by latitude; in the mid-latitudes, it occurs a few days before the spring equinox and after the fall equinox in each respective hemisphere.
719:
831:, which means he wanted to move the vernal equinox to the date on which it fell at that time (21 March is the day allocated to it in the Easter table of the Julian calendar), and to maintain it at around that date in the future, which he achieved by reducing the number of leap years from 100 to 97 every 400 years. However, there remained a small residual variation in the date and time of the vernal equinox of about ±27 hours from its mean position, virtually all because the distribution of 24 hour centurial leap-days causes large jumps (see
1141:
699:
948:
1357:. The newer meaning of "equilux" is modern (c. 1985 to 1986), and not usually intended: Technical references since the beginning of the 20th century (c. 1910) have used the terms "equilux" and "isophot" interchangeably to mean "of equal illumination" in the context of curves showing how intensely lighting equipment will illuminate a surface. See for instance Walsh (1947). The earliest confirmed use of the modern meaning was in a post on the
739:
755:
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901:: names referring to the apparent direction of motion of the Sun. The northward equinox occurs in March when the Sun crosses the equator from south to north, and the southward equinox occurs in September when the Sun crosses the equator from north to south. These terms can be used unambiguously for other planets. They are rarely seen, although were first proposed over 100 years ago.
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865:= autumn). These are the historically universal and still most widely used terms for the equinoxes, but are potentially confusing because in the southern hemisphere the vernal equinox does not occur in spring and the autumnal equinox does not occur in autumn. The equivalent common language English terms
1119:
the satellite relative to Earth (i.e. within the beam-width of the ground-station antenna) for a short period each day. The Sun's immense power and broad radiation spectrum overload the Earth station's reception circuits with noise and, depending on antenna size and other factors, temporarily disrupt
995:, but the difference is comparatively small.) Their combination means that when the upper limb of the Sun is on the visible horizon, its centre is 50 arcminutes below the geometric horizon, which is the intersection with the celestial sphere of a horizontal plane through the eye of the observer.
955:
On the date of the equinox, the center of the Sun spends a roughly equal amount of time above and below the horizon at every location on the Earth, so night and day are about the same length. Sunrise and sunset can be defined in several ways, but a widespread definition is the time that the top limb
776:
For the same reason, this is also the time when the Sun rises for an observer at one of Earth's rotational poles and sets at the other. For a brief period lasting approximately four days, both North and South Poles are in daylight. For example, in 2021 sunrise on the North Pole is 18 March 07:09 UTC,
998:
These effects make the day about 14 minutes longer than the night at the equator and longer still towards the poles. The real equality of day and night only happens in places far enough from the equator to have a seasonal difference in day length of at least 7 minutes, actually occurring a
1131:
and rely only on battery power. Usually, a satellite travels either north or south of the Earth's shadow because Earth's axis is not directly perpendicular to a line from the Earth to the Sun at other times. During the equinox, since geostationary satellites are situated above the
Equator, they are
1513:
On the day of an equinox, the geometric center of the Sun's disk crosses the equator, and this point is above the horizon for 12 hours everywhere on the Earth. However, the Sun is not simply a geometric point. Sunrise is defined as the instant when the leading edge of the Sun's disk becomes
1013:
A third correction for the visual observation of a sunrise (or sunset) is the angle between the apparent horizon as seen by an observer and the geometric (or sensible) horizon. This is known as the dip of the horizon and varies from 3 arcminutes for a viewer standing on the sea shore to
718:
843:
The dates of the equinoxes change progressively during the leap-year cycle, because the
Gregorian calendar year is not commensurate with the period of the Earth's revolution about the Sun. It is only after a complete Gregorian leap-year cycle of 400 years that the seasons commence at
1301:; dates before 15 October 1582 are given in the Julian calendar while more recent dates are given in the Gregorian calendar. Dates before 1 March 8 AD are given in the Julian calendar as observed in Rome; there is an uncertainty of a few days when these early dates are converted to the
883:: names referring to the months of the year in which they occur, with no ambiguity as to which hemisphere is the context. They are still not universal, however, as not all cultures use a solar-based calendar where the equinoxes occur every year in the same month (as they do not in the
1014:
160 arcminutes for a mountaineer on
Everest. The effect of a larger dip on taller objects (reaching over 2½° of arc on Everest) accounts for the phenomenon of snow on a mountain peak turning gold in the sunlight long before the lower slopes are illuminated.
844:
approximately the same time. In the 21st century the earliest March equinox will be 19 March 2096, while the latest was 21 March 2003. The earliest
September equinox will be 21 September 2096 while the latest was 23 September 2003 (
1180:
than light from the Sun. This phenomenon occurs once every 14.7 years on average, and can last a few weeks before and after the exact equinox. Saturn's most recent equinox was on 11 August 2009, and its next will take place on 6 May 2025.
1120:
or degrade the circuit. The duration of those effects varies but can range from a few minutes to an hour. (For a given frequency band, a larger antenna has a narrower beam-width and hence experiences shorter duration "Sun outage" windows.)
1518:
of 16 minutes of arc for the disk. Therefore, at the tabulated time the geometric center of the Sun is actually 50 minutes of arc below a regular and unobstructed horizon for an observer on the surface of the Earth in a level
1590:
656:
and eventually noted the midpoint between the two. Later it was realized that this happens on a day when the duration of the day and the night are practically equal and the word "equinox" comes from Latin
559:, and the rapidly changing duration of the length of day that occurs at most latitudes around the equinoxes. Long before conceiving this equality, equatorial cultures noted the day when the Sun rises due
1693:
Freeth, T., Bitsakis, Y., Moussas, X., Seiradakis, J. H., Tselikas, A., Mangou, H., ... & Allen, M. (2006). Decoding the ancient Greek astronomical calculator known as the
Antikythera Mechanism.
804:
in 45 BC, he set 25 March as the date of the spring equinox; this was already the starting day of the year in the
Persian and Indian calendars. Because the Julian year is longer than the
2589:
1996:
2512:
551:(night). On the day of an equinox, daytime and nighttime are of approximately equal duration all over the planet. Contrary to popular belief, they are not exactly equal because of the
1365:
can only be traced to an extremely small (less than six) number of predominantly U.S. American people in such online media for the next 20 years until its broader adoption as a
1166:
edge-on facing the Sun. As a result, they are visible only as a thin line when seen from Earth. When seen from above – a view seen during an equinox for the first time from the
777:
and sunset on the South Pole is 22 March 13:08 UTC. Also in 2021, sunrise on the South Pole is 20 September 16:08 UTC, and sunset on the North Pole is 24 September 22:30 UTC.
470:
the equator, rather than north or south of the equator. On the day of the equinox, the Sun appears to rise "due east" and set "due west". This occurs twice each year, around
738:
501:
is directly perpendicular to the Sun-Earth line, tilting neither toward nor away from the Sun. In modern times, since the Moon (and to a lesser extent the planets) causes
943:
Contour plot of the hours of daylight as a function of latitude and day of the year, showing approximately 12 hours of daylight at all latitudes during the equinoxes
688:(September) marks the beginning of autumn. Ancient Greek calendars too had the beginning of the year either at the autumnal or vernal equinox and some at solstices. The
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754:
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few days towards the winter side of each equinox. One result of this is that, at latitudes below ±2.0 degrees, all the days of the year are longer than the nights.
1580:
891:, for example). Although the terms have become very common in the 21st century, they were sometimes used at least as long ago as the mid-20th century.
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group net.astro, which refers to "discussion last year exploring the reasons why equilux and equinox are not coincident". Use of this particular pseudo-Latin
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3281:
960:
From the Earth, the Sun appears as a disc rather than a point of light, so when the centre of the Sun is below the horizon, its upper edge may be visible.
873:
are even more ambiguous. It has become increasingly common for people to refer to the
September equinox in the southern hemisphere as the Vernal equinox.
788:
at a point on the equatorial line. The subsolar point crosses the equator moving northward at the March equinox and southward at the
September equinox.
3043:
567:, and indeed this happens on the day closest to the astronomically defined event. As a consequence, according to a properly constructed and aligned
698:
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by about 11.3 minutes on average (or 1 day in 128 years), the calendar "drifted" with respect to the two equinoxes – so that in
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Prior to the 1980s there was no generally accepted term for the phenomenon, and the word "equilux" was more commonly used as a synonym for
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2234:
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The relation between the Earth, Sun, and stars at the March equinox. From Earth's perspective, the Sun appears to move along the
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31:
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Equinoxes are defined on any planet with a tilted rotational axis. A dramatic example is Saturn, where the equinox places its
521:. The instants of the equinoxes are currently defined to be when the apparent geocentric longitude of the Sun is 0° and 180°.
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Mars's most recent equinoxes were on 12 January 2024 (northern autumn), and on 26 December 2022 (northern spring).
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the spring equinox occurred on about 21 March, and by the 1580s AD it had drifted backwards to 11 March.
609:, indicating that at that moment the solar declination is crossing the celestial equator in a northward direction, and
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2952:
2898:
2783:
2619:
2199:
1643:
Yallop, B.D.; Hohenkerk, C.Y.; Bell, S.A. (2013). "Astronomical
Phenomena". In Urban, S.E.; Seidelmann, P. K. (eds.).
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of the Sun is level with the horizon. With this definition, the day is longer than the night at the equinoxes:
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sunlight. As a result, an observer sees daylight before the top of the Sun's disk appears above the horizon.
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769:(the "edge" between night and day) is perpendicular to the equator. As a result, the northern and southern
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is increasing at the fastest at the vernal equinox and decreasing at the fastest at the autumnal equinox.
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1995:
Forsythe, William C.; Rykiel, Edward J.; Stahl, Randal S.; Wu, Hsin-i; Schoolfield, Robert M. (1995).
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also experience difficulties maintaining power during the equinox because they have to travel through
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The equinoxes are sometimes regarded as the start of spring and autumn. A number of traditional
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1369:(c. 2006), and then its subsequent use by more mainstream organisations (c. 2012).
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Vernal equinox and autumnal equinox: these classical names are direct derivatives of Latin (
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1010:), so the dates when day and night are equal also depend upon the observer's location.
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991:. (The apparent radius varies slightly depending on time of year, slightly larger at
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2384:"Oppositions, conjunctions, seasons, and ring plane crossings of the giant planets"
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1873:. National Imagery and Mapping Agency. Paradise Cay Publications. pp. 229ff.
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27:
Semi-annual astronomical event where the Sun is directly above the Earth's equator
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which is spring equinox in northern hemisphere. This day marks the new year in
964:, which begins daytime, occurs when the top of the Sun's disk appears above the
30:
This article is about an astronomical event. For the celestial coordinates, see
760:
Diagram of the Earth's seasons as seen from the south. Far left: June solstice.
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1997:"A model comparison for day length as a function of latitude and day of year"
1647:(3rd ed.). Mill Valley, CA: University Science Books. pp. 506–507.
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is assumed to be 34 arcminutes, and the assumed semidiameter (apparent
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The date on which the day and night are exactly the same is known as an
652:, people discovered that it occurs between two extreme locations at the
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satellites, there are a few days around the equinox when the Sun goes
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People in countries including Iran, Afghanistan, Tajikistan celebrate
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More precisely, an equinox is traditionally defined as the time when
467:
3327:
3259:
1789:
Goddess Alive!: Inviting Celtic & Norse
Goddesses Into Your Life
676:
in most cultures and is considered the start of the New Year in the
3434:
1840:
Grewal, Mohinder S.; Weill, Lawrence R.; Andrews, Angus P. (2007).
1335:"lofts" the Sun's apparent disk above its true position in the sky.
1002:
The times of sunset and sunrise vary with the observer's location (
598:
and other factors cause the dates of both events to vary slightly.
3150:
2962:
2861:
2816:
2463:"Table of times of spring Equinox for a thousand years: 1452–2547"
1395:"Earth's Seasons - Equinoxes, Solstices, Perihelion, and Aphelion"
1265:– a satellite phenomenon that occurs around the time of an equinox
1210:
1139:
946:
705:
525:
486:
1107:
One effect of equinoctial periods is the temporary disruption of
1095:, have often chosen the equinox as their reference point for the
590:, the reverse is true. During the year, equinoxes alternate with
3305:
3155:
3140:
3130:
2584:
2521:
2331:"How satellites are affected by the spring and autumn equinoxes"
1843:
Global Positioning Systems, Inertial Navigation, and Integration
1535:
1390:
1299:
Manual of Style/Dates and numbers#Julian and Gregorian calendars
968:. At that instant, the disk's centre is still below the horizon.
823:. The Pope wanted to continue to conform with the edicts of the
564:
560:
3263:
2494:
2360:. Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology
1297:
This article follows the customary Knowledge style detailed at
1073:
Religious architecture is often determined by the equinox; the
3135:
709:
513:, the equinox is officially defined by the Sun's more regular
494:
459:
2085:"NOAA Global Monitoring Laboratory Solar Calculation Details"
1984:. Krishna Prakashan Media. pp. 233ff. GGKEY:RDRHQ35FBX7.
2590:
International Earth Rotation and Reference Systems Service
1870:
The American practical navigator: An epitome of navigation
1581:"Autumn arrives: The fall equinox explained in six images"
1532:"ESRL Global Monitoring Division - Global Radiation Group"
780:
In other words, the equinoxes are the only times when the
2153:
Textbook of Illuminating Engineering (Intermediate Grade)
2041:. Mill Valley, CA: University Science Books. p. 32.
1735:
Blackburn, Bonnie J.; Holford-Strevens, Leofranc (1999).
2433:"Day and Night World Map (night and day map on equinox)"
1723:
Sunrise and sunset times in 90°00'S, 0°00'E (South Pole)
1711:
Sunrise and sunset times in 90°00'N, 0°00'E (North Pole)
1344:
Here, "day" refers to when the Sun is above the horizon.
1077:
during which the sun rises in a perfect alignment over
1923:
On Words: Insights into how our words work – and don't
3399:
1132:
in Earth's shadow for the longest duration all year.
748:
as seen from the north. Far right: December solstice.
2441:"Calculation of Length of Day (Formulas and Graphs)"
3194:
3085:
3052:
3026:
2907:
2807:
2724:
2698:
2555:
2039:Explanatory Supplement to the Astronomical Almanac
1645:Explanatory supplement to the astronomical almanac
1202:– fairies believed to appear on the spring equinox
1152:reflect little sunlight, as seen in this image by
582:is called the vernal or spring equinox while the
2229:. University of Alaska Press. pp. 117–124.
1172:space probe in 2009 – they receive very little
586:is called the autumnal or fall equinox. In the
497:'s disk. Equivalently, this is the moment when
672:(March) conventionally marks the beginning of
3275:
2506:
1765:. Oxford University Press. pp. 250–251.
1669:"March Equinox – Equal Day and Night, Nearly"
1638:
1636:
1229:– days of worship in Japan that began in 1878
1059:are celebrated on the date of the equinoxes.
8:
3384:
3362:
3340:
3314:
993:perihelion in January than aphelion in July
784:is on the equator, meaning that the Sun is
545:
537:
529:
493:passes through the geometric center of the
3282:
3268:
3260:
2513:
2499:
2491:
2200:"On the equinox, are day and night equal?"
1899:. Allied Publishers. 2016. pp. 31ff.
1816:Orbital Mechanics for Engineering Students
1763:Mapping Time: The Calendar and its History
1483:
1481:
765:The equinoxes are the only times when the
99:
96:
93:
90:
80:
75:
70:
65:
2100:"Correcting Sextant Measurements for Dip"
1846:. John Wiley & Sons. pp. 459ff.
1819:. Butterworth-Heinemann. pp. 188ff.
1614:"The Equinox Is Not What You Think It Is"
1213:– occurs around 5 July (see formula)
1037:have been observed during the equinoxes.
3044:International Commission on Stratigraphy
1739:. Oxford University Press. p. 135.
1441:Équinoxe de printemps entre 1583 et 2999
1389:Astronomical Applications Department of
951:Earth at the September 2022 equinox
938:
42:
3406:
1416:"Solstices and Equinoxes: 2001 to 2100"
1381:
1290:
728:(red), which is tilted compared to the
694:
2126:"Equinox, Equilux, and Twilight Times"
1926:. Marion Street Press. pp. 89ff.
1792:. Llewellyn Worldwide. pp. 69ff.
692:predicts the equinoxes and solstices.
1579:Grieser, Justin (22 September 2014).
7:
2277:Johnson, Walter (18 November 2011).
571:, the daytime duration is 12 hours.
2470:Gray, Meghan; Merrifield, Michael.
2329:Abrahamian, David (17 April 2018).
2037:Seidelman, P. Kenneth, ed. (1992).
1503:from the original on 21 August 2019
935:Length of equinoctial day and night
2150:Walsh, John William Tudor (1947).
919:has shifted these points into the
915:the Sun is entering. However, the
25:
2764:Discrete time and continuous time
2098:Biegert, Mark (21 October 2015).
1612:Plait, Phil (22 September 2023).
1463:Équinoxe d’automne de 1583 à 2999
3457:
3445:
3433:
3421:
3409:
2689:
2683:
1968:. Oxford University Press. 1895.
1751:Reprinted with corrections 2003.
1737:The Oxford companion to the year
1593:from the original on 8 June 2021
1051:September equinox § Culture
833:Gregorian calendar leap solstice
753:
737:
717:
697:
668:In the northern hemisphere, the
2250:DiBiasio, Jame (15 July 2013).
1566:United States Naval Observatory
1497:United States Naval Observatory
1493:Astronomical Information Center
1091:, since the recommendations of
639:Equinox (celestial coordinates)
32:Equinox (celestial coordinates)
3495:Technical factors of astrology
2837:History of timekeeping devices
2358:"PIA11667: The Rite of Spring"
2283:. Cambridge University Press.
2124:Owens, Steve (20 March 2010).
1920:La Rocque, Paula (2007).
1217:Geocentric view of the seasons
979:In sunrise/sunset tables, the
827:in 325 AD concerning the
1:
2280:Byways in British Archaeology
2227:The Aurora Watcher's Handbook
2188:. U.K. Meteorological Office.
1542:. U.S. Department of Commerce
1452:Solstice d’été de 1583 à 2999
1200:Anjana (Cantabrian mythology)
648:Systematically observing the
601:Hemisphere-neutral names are
524:The word is derived from the
458:is a moment in time when the
3485:Dynamics of the Solar System
2305:"Satellite Sun Interference"
2024:10.1016/0304-3800(94)00034-F
1867:Bowditch, Nathaniel (2002).
1176:; indeed, they receive more
1047:March equinox § Culture
680:, Hindu, and the Persian or
2784:Gravitational time dilation
2620:Barycentric Coordinate Time
2168:"Spring Equilux Approaches"
917:precession of the equinoxes
466:, which is to say, appears
3521:
2640:Geocentric Coordinate Time
2625:Barycentric Dynamical Time
2563:Coordinated Universal Time
2186:"The Equinox and Solstice"
1813:Curtis, Howard D. (2013).
1136:Equinoxes on other planets
1044:
636:
630:
29:
3297:
2794:Time-translation symmetry
2681:
2605:International Atomic Time
2532:
1331:This is possible because
1303:proleptic Julian calendar
1109:communications satellites
911:: names referring to the
773:are equally illuminated.
423:
394:
365:
336:
307:
278:
249:
220:
191:
162:
133:
128:
125:
122:
119:
116:
113:
110:
107:
104:
87:
62:
2484:University of Nottingham
2454:The Nuttall Encyclopædia
1761:Richards, E. G. (1998).
1322:, which means "new day".
987:) of the Sun is 16
871:autumn (or fall) equinox
819:to establish the modern
661:, meaning "equal", and
36:Equinox (disambiguation)
3328:
3054:Astronomical chronology
3027:Archaeology and geology
2734:Absolute space and time
2650:IERS Reference Meridian
2645:International Date Line
2556:International standards
1786:Skye, Michelle (2007).
1248:Perihelion and aphelion
1243:Orientation of churches
1097:orientation of churches
971:The Earth's atmosphere
744:Diagram of the Earth's
3385:
3363:
3341:
3315:
2476:"Solstice and Equinox"
2104:Math Encounters (blog)
1333:atmospheric refraction
1159:
981:atmospheric refraction
952:
944:
557:atmospheric refraction
546:
538:
530:
34:. For other uses, see
3500:September observances
3013:Weekday determination
2899:Sundial markup schema
2415:The Planetary Society
2389:The Planetary Society
2130:Dark Sky Diary (blog)
1143:
1103:Effects on satellites
1085:is one such example.
950:
942:
690:Antikythera mechanism
499:Earth's rotation axis
3034:Chronological dating
2774:Theory of relativity
2635:Daylight saving time
2449:"Equinoctial Points"
2225:Davis, Neil (1992).
2063:"Sunrise and Sunset"
2004:Ecological Modelling
1562:Astronomical Almanac
1279:Zoroastrian calendar
1068:Solar Hijri calendar
905:First point of Aries
462:crosses the Earth's
18:First Point of Libra
3244:Time value of money
3039:Geologic time scale
2894:History of sundials
2759:Cosmological decade
2711:Greenwich Mean Time
2542:Orders of magnitude
2253:The Story of Angkor
2016:1995EcMod..80...87F
1981:Spherical Astronomy
1896:Exploring the Earth
1619:Scientific American
1586:The Washington Post
1125:geostationary orbit
907:and first point of
815:This drift induced
665:, meaning "night".
588:Southern Hemisphere
576:Northern Hemisphere
517:rather than by its
59:
3219:Mental chronometry
2847:Marine chronometer
2699:Obsolete standards
2256:. Silkworm Books.
1422:. 20 February 2018
1206:Angkor Wat Equinox
1160:
1148:is at equinox its
1075:Angkor Wat Equinox
953:
945:
913:astrological signs
821:Gregorian calendar
627:Equinoxes on Earth
515:ecliptic longitude
43:
3505:Time in astronomy
3490:March observances
3397:
3396:
3291:Wheel of the Year
3257:
3256:
3067:Nuclear timescale
2749:Continuous signal
2380:Lakdawalla, Emily
2290:978-0-521-22877-0
2263:978-1-63102-259-3
2065:. 21 October 2002
1965:Notes and Queries
1949:Popular Astronomy
1933:978-1-933338-20-0
1906:978-81-8424-408-3
1880:978-0-939837-54-0
1853:978-0-470-09971-1
1826:978-0-08-097748-5
1799:978-0-7387-1080-8
1725:, timeanddate.com
1713:, timeanddate.com
1654:978-1-891389-85-6
1568:. 2008. Glossary.
1540:www.esrl.noaa.gov
1274:Wheel of the Year
1222:Iranian calendars
1089:Catholic churches
1057:harvest festivals
1035:conjugate auroras
899:southward equinox
895:Northward equinox
881:September equinox
825:Council of Nicaea
817:Pope Gregory XIII
730:celestial equator
682:Iranian calendars
678:Assyrian calendar
615:September equinox
611:southward equinox
603:northward equinox
584:September equinox
452:
451:
48:date and time of
16:(Redirected from
3512:
3462:
3461:
3450:
3449:
3448:
3438:
3437:
3426:
3425:
3414:
3413:
3412:
3405:
3390:
3372:Autumnal equinox
3368:
3346:
3333:
3320:
3284:
3277:
3270:
3261:
2958:Dominical letter
2889:Equation of time
2852:Marine sandglass
2693:
2687:
2665:Terrestrial Time
2522:Time measurement
2515:
2508:
2501:
2492:
2487:
2466:
2458:
2444:
2436:
2419:
2418:
2407:
2401:
2400:
2398:
2396:
2376:
2370:
2369:
2367:
2365:
2354:
2348:
2347:
2345:
2343:
2326:
2320:
2319:
2317:
2315:
2301:
2295:
2294:
2274:
2268:
2267:
2247:
2241:
2240:
2222:
2216:
2215:
2213:
2211:
2196:
2190:
2189:
2182:
2176:
2175:
2174:. 14 March 1986.
2164:
2158:
2157:
2147:
2141:
2140:
2138:
2136:
2121:
2115:
2114:
2112:
2110:
2095:
2089:
2088:
2081:
2075:
2074:
2072:
2070:
2059:
2053:
2052:
2034:
2028:
2027:
2001:
1992:
1986:
1985:
1976:
1970:
1969:
1960:
1954:
1953:
1944:
1938:
1937:
1917:
1911:
1910:
1891:
1885:
1884:
1864:
1858:
1857:
1837:
1831:
1830:
1810:
1804:
1803:
1783:
1777:
1776:
1758:
1752:
1750:
1732:
1726:
1720:
1714:
1708:
1702:
1701:(7119), 587-591.
1691:
1685:
1684:
1682:
1680:
1665:
1659:
1658:
1640:
1631:
1630:
1628:
1626:
1609:
1603:
1602:
1600:
1598:
1576:
1570:
1569:
1558:
1552:
1551:
1549:
1547:
1528:
1522:
1521:
1510:
1508:
1499:. 14 June 2019.
1485:
1476:
1474:Solstice d’hiver
1471:
1465:
1460:
1454:
1449:
1443:
1438:
1432:
1431:
1429:
1427:
1412:
1406:
1405:
1403:
1401:
1386:
1370:
1351:
1345:
1342:
1336:
1329:
1323:
1316:Iranian calendar
1314:The year in the
1312:
1306:
1295:
1093:Charles Borromeo
1041:Cultural aspects
885:Islamic calendar
800:established the
786:exactly overhead
767:solar terminator
757:
741:
721:
704:Illumination of
701:
686:autumnal equinox
549:
541:
533:
60:
21:
3520:
3519:
3515:
3514:
3513:
3511:
3510:
3509:
3470:
3469:
3468:
3456:
3446:
3444:
3432:
3420:
3410:
3408:
3400:
3398:
3393:
3350:Summer solstice
3293:
3288:
3258:
3253:
3190:
3081:
3048:
3022:
2903:
2803:
2754:Coordinate time
2726:Time in physics
2720:
2694:
2688:
2679:
2551:
2528:
2519:
2469:
2461:
2447:
2439:
2431:
2428:
2423:
2422:
2411:"Mars Calendar"
2409:
2408:
2404:
2394:
2392:
2382:(7 July 2016).
2378:
2377:
2373:
2363:
2361:
2356:
2355:
2351:
2341:
2339:
2328:
2327:
2323:
2313:
2311:
2303:
2302:
2298:
2291:
2276:
2275:
2271:
2264:
2249:
2248:
2244:
2237:
2224:
2223:
2219:
2209:
2207:
2206:. 19 March 2024
2198:
2197:
2193:
2184:
2183:
2179:
2166:
2165:
2161:
2149:
2148:
2144:
2134:
2132:
2123:
2122:
2118:
2108:
2106:
2097:
2096:
2092:
2083:
2082:
2078:
2068:
2066:
2061:
2060:
2056:
2049:
2036:
2035:
2031:
1999:
1994:
1993:
1989:
1978:
1977:
1973:
1962:
1961:
1957:
1946:
1945:
1941:
1934:
1919:
1918:
1914:
1907:
1893:
1892:
1888:
1881:
1866:
1865:
1861:
1854:
1839:
1838:
1834:
1827:
1812:
1811:
1807:
1800:
1785:
1784:
1780:
1773:
1760:
1759:
1755:
1747:
1734:
1733:
1729:
1721:
1717:
1709:
1705:
1692:
1688:
1678:
1676:
1667:
1666:
1662:
1655:
1642:
1641:
1634:
1624:
1622:
1611:
1610:
1606:
1596:
1594:
1578:
1577:
1573:
1560:
1559:
1555:
1545:
1543:
1530:
1529:
1525:
1506:
1504:
1487:
1486:
1479:
1472:
1468:
1461:
1457:
1450:
1446:
1439:
1435:
1425:
1423:
1420:AstroPixels.com
1414:
1413:
1409:
1399:
1397:
1388:
1387:
1383:
1378:
1373:
1352:
1348:
1343:
1339:
1330:
1326:
1313:
1309:
1296:
1292:
1288:
1283:
1190:
1138:
1117:directly behind
1105:
1053:
1045:Main articles:
1043:
1031:
966:eastern horizon
937:
930:, respectively.
889:Hebrew calendar
854:
841:
802:Julian calendar
794:
761:
758:
749:
742:
733:
722:
713:
702:
646:
641:
635:
629:
511:perfect ellipse
58:
49:
39:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3518:
3516:
3508:
3507:
3502:
3497:
3492:
3487:
3482:
3472:
3471:
3467:
3466:
3454:
3442:
3430:
3418:
3395:
3394:
3392:
3391:
3378:
3369:
3356:
3347:
3334:
3324:Vernal equinox
3321:
3308:
3298:
3295:
3294:
3289:
3287:
3286:
3279:
3272:
3264:
3255:
3254:
3252:
3251:
3246:
3241:
3239:Time metrology
3236:
3231:
3226:
3221:
3216:
3215:
3214:
3204:
3198:
3196:
3195:Related topics
3192:
3191:
3189:
3188:
3183:
3178:
3173:
3168:
3163:
3158:
3153:
3148:
3143:
3138:
3133:
3128:
3123:
3118:
3113:
3108:
3103:
3098:
3092:
3090:
3083:
3082:
3080:
3079:
3074:
3069:
3064:
3058:
3056:
3050:
3049:
3047:
3046:
3041:
3036:
3030:
3028:
3024:
3023:
3021:
3020:
3015:
3010:
3005:
3000:
2995:
2990:
2985:
2980:
2975:
2970:
2965:
2960:
2955:
2950:
2945:
2940:
2934:
2929:
2924:
2919:
2913:
2911:
2905:
2904:
2902:
2901:
2896:
2891:
2886:
2884:Dialing scales
2881:
2876:
2871:
2870:
2869:
2859:
2854:
2849:
2844:
2839:
2834:
2829:
2824:
2819:
2813:
2811:
2805:
2804:
2802:
2801:
2796:
2791:
2786:
2781:
2776:
2771:
2766:
2761:
2756:
2751:
2746:
2741:
2736:
2730:
2728:
2722:
2721:
2719:
2718:
2716:Prime meridian
2713:
2708:
2706:Ephemeris time
2702:
2700:
2696:
2695:
2682:
2680:
2678:
2677:
2675:180th meridian
2672:
2667:
2662:
2657:
2652:
2647:
2642:
2637:
2632:
2627:
2622:
2617:
2612:
2607:
2602:
2597:
2592:
2587:
2582:
2577:
2572:
2571:
2570:
2559:
2557:
2553:
2552:
2550:
2549:
2544:
2539:
2533:
2530:
2529:
2520:
2518:
2517:
2510:
2503:
2495:
2489:
2488:
2467:
2459:
2445:
2437:
2427:
2426:External links
2424:
2421:
2420:
2402:
2371:
2349:
2321:
2296:
2289:
2269:
2262:
2242:
2235:
2217:
2191:
2177:
2159:
2142:
2116:
2090:
2076:
2054:
2047:
2029:
1987:
1971:
1955:
1939:
1932:
1912:
1905:
1886:
1879:
1859:
1852:
1832:
1825:
1805:
1798:
1778:
1772:978-0192862051
1771:
1753:
1745:
1727:
1715:
1703:
1686:
1660:
1653:
1632:
1604:
1571:
1553:
1523:
1477:
1466:
1455:
1444:
1433:
1407:
1380:
1379:
1377:
1374:
1372:
1371:
1346:
1337:
1324:
1307:
1289:
1287:
1284:
1282:
1281:
1276:
1271:
1266:
1260:
1255:
1250:
1245:
1240:
1235:
1230:
1224:
1219:
1214:
1208:
1203:
1197:
1191:
1189:
1186:
1137:
1134:
1129:Earth's shadow
1123:Satellites in
1104:
1101:
1042:
1039:
1030:
1027:
977:
976:
969:
936:
933:
932:
931:
921:constellations
902:
892:
874:
867:spring equinox
861:= spring, and
853:
850:
846:Universal Time
840:
837:
829:date of Easter
793:
790:
782:subsolar point
763:
762:
759:
752:
750:
743:
736:
734:
723:
716:
714:
712:at the equinox
703:
696:
670:vernal equinox
645:
642:
631:Main article:
628:
625:
468:directly above
450:
449:
446:
443:
440:
437:
434:
431:
428:
425:
421:
420:
417:
414:
411:
408:
405:
402:
399:
396:
392:
391:
388:
385:
382:
379:
376:
373:
370:
367:
363:
362:
359:
356:
353:
350:
347:
344:
341:
338:
334:
333:
330:
327:
324:
321:
318:
315:
312:
309:
305:
304:
301:
298:
295:
292:
289:
286:
283:
280:
276:
275:
272:
269:
266:
263:
260:
257:
254:
251:
247:
246:
243:
240:
237:
234:
231:
228:
225:
222:
218:
217:
214:
211:
208:
205:
202:
199:
196:
193:
189:
188:
185:
182:
179:
176:
173:
170:
167:
164:
160:
159:
156:
153:
150:
147:
144:
141:
138:
135:
131:
130:
127:
124:
121:
118:
115:
112:
109:
106:
102:
101:
98:
95:
92:
89:
85:
84:
79:
74:
69:
64:
44:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3517:
3506:
3503:
3501:
3498:
3496:
3493:
3491:
3488:
3486:
3483:
3481:
3478:
3477:
3475:
3465:
3460:
3455:
3453:
3443:
3441:
3436:
3431:
3429:
3424:
3419:
3417:
3407:
3403:
3389:
3388:
3382:
3379:
3377:
3373:
3370:
3367:
3366:
3360:
3357:
3355:
3351:
3348:
3345:
3344:
3338:
3335:
3332:
3331:
3325:
3322:
3319:
3318:
3312:
3309:
3307:
3303:
3300:
3299:
3296:
3292:
3285:
3280:
3278:
3273:
3271:
3266:
3265:
3262:
3250:
3247:
3245:
3242:
3240:
3237:
3235:
3232:
3230:
3227:
3225:
3222:
3220:
3217:
3213:
3210:
3209:
3208:
3205:
3203:
3200:
3199:
3197:
3193:
3187:
3184:
3182:
3179:
3177:
3174:
3172:
3169:
3167:
3164:
3162:
3159:
3157:
3154:
3152:
3149:
3147:
3144:
3142:
3139:
3137:
3134:
3132:
3129:
3127:
3124:
3122:
3119:
3117:
3114:
3112:
3109:
3107:
3104:
3102:
3099:
3097:
3094:
3093:
3091:
3089:
3088:units of time
3084:
3078:
3077:Sidereal time
3075:
3073:
3070:
3068:
3065:
3063:
3062:Galactic year
3060:
3059:
3057:
3055:
3051:
3045:
3042:
3040:
3037:
3035:
3032:
3031:
3029:
3025:
3019:
3018:Weekday names
3016:
3014:
3011:
3009:
3008:Tropical year
3006:
3004:
3001:
2999:
2996:
2994:
2991:
2989:
2986:
2984:
2981:
2979:
2976:
2974:
2973:Intercalation
2971:
2969:
2966:
2964:
2961:
2959:
2956:
2954:
2951:
2949:
2946:
2944:
2941:
2939:(lunar Hijri)
2938:
2935:
2933:
2930:
2928:
2925:
2923:
2920:
2918:
2915:
2914:
2912:
2910:
2906:
2900:
2897:
2895:
2892:
2890:
2887:
2885:
2882:
2880:
2877:
2875:
2872:
2868:
2865:
2864:
2863:
2860:
2858:
2855:
2853:
2850:
2848:
2845:
2843:
2840:
2838:
2835:
2833:
2830:
2828:
2825:
2823:
2820:
2818:
2815:
2814:
2812:
2810:
2806:
2800:
2797:
2795:
2792:
2790:
2787:
2785:
2782:
2780:
2779:Time dilation
2777:
2775:
2772:
2770:
2767:
2765:
2762:
2760:
2757:
2755:
2752:
2750:
2747:
2745:
2742:
2740:
2737:
2735:
2732:
2731:
2729:
2727:
2723:
2717:
2714:
2712:
2709:
2707:
2704:
2703:
2701:
2697:
2692:
2686:
2676:
2673:
2671:
2668:
2666:
2663:
2661:
2658:
2656:
2653:
2651:
2648:
2646:
2643:
2641:
2638:
2636:
2633:
2631:
2628:
2626:
2623:
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2615:24-hour clock
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2610:12-hour clock
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2480:Sixty Symbols
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2236:0-912006-60-9
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2048:0-935702-68-7
2044:
2040:
2033:
2030:
2025:
2021:
2017:
2013:
2009:
2005:
1998:
1991:
1988:
1983:
1982:
1975:
1972:
1967:
1966:
1959:
1956:
1951:
1950:
1943:
1940:
1935:
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1746:0-19-214231-3
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1673:Time and Date
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1113:geostationary
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1033:Mirror-image
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877:March equinox
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830:
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806:tropical year
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798:Julius Caesar
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624:
622:
618:
616:
612:
608:
607:March equinox
604:
599:
597:
593:
589:
585:
581:
580:March equinox
577:
572:
570:
566:
563:and sets due
562:
558:
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550:
548:
542:
540:
534:
532:
527:
522:
520:
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508:
507:vary slightly
504:
503:Earth's orbit
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103:
86:
83:
78:
73:
68:
61:
56:
52:
47:
41:
37:
33:
19:
3224:Decimal time
2967:
2953:Astronomical
2832:Complication
2827:Atomic clock
2479:
2472:Haran, Brady
2452:
2405:
2393:. Retrieved
2387:
2374:
2362:. Retrieved
2352:
2340:. Retrieved
2334:
2324:
2312:. Retrieved
2308:
2299:
2279:
2272:
2252:
2245:
2226:
2220:
2208:. Retrieved
2204:earthsky.org
2203:
2194:
2180:
2171:
2162:
2156:. I. Pitman.
2152:
2145:
2133:. Retrieved
2129:
2119:
2109:22 September
2107:. Retrieved
2103:
2093:
2079:
2069:22 September
2067:. Retrieved
2057:
2038:
2032:
2010:(1): 87–95.
2007:
2003:
1990:
1980:
1974:
1964:
1958:
1948:
1942:
1922:
1915:
1895:
1889:
1869:
1862:
1842:
1835:
1815:
1808:
1788:
1781:
1762:
1756:
1736:
1730:
1718:
1706:
1698:
1694:
1689:
1677:. Retrieved
1672:
1663:
1644:
1623:. Retrieved
1617:
1607:
1595:. Retrieved
1584:
1574:
1561:
1556:
1544:. Retrieved
1539:
1526:
1516:semidiameter
1512:
1505:. Retrieved
1492:
1469:
1458:
1447:
1436:
1424:. Retrieved
1419:
1410:
1398:. Retrieved
1384:
1349:
1340:
1327:
1310:
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1183:
1167:
1161:
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1087:
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1054:
1032:
1018:
1016:
1012:
1001:
997:
978:
954:
870:
866:
862:
858:
842:
839:Modern dates
814:
795:
779:
775:
764:
685:
684:, while the
669:
667:
662:
658:
647:
619:
610:
602:
600:
573:
555:of the Sun,
553:angular size
544:
543:(equal) and
536:
531:aequinoctium
528:
523:
480:
476:23 September
455:
453:
50:
40:
3452:Outer space
3387:Calan Gaeaf
3234:System time
3229:Metric time
2948:Solar Hijri
2874:Water clock
2857:Radio clock
2789:Time domain
2769:Proper time
2655:Leap second
2537:Chronometry
2336:Viasat, Inc
2135:31 December
1489:"Equinoxes"
1426:21 December
1363:protologism
1178:planetshine
1164:ring system
810:300 AD
771:hemispheres
519:declination
3474:Categories
3365:Calan Awst
3359:Lughnasadh
3249:Timekeeper
3202:Chronology
3186:Millennium
3072:Precession
2978:Julian day
2799:T-symmetry
2660:Solar time
2630:Civil time
2395:31 January
1376:References
1318:begins on
1263:Sun outage
1111:. For all
1079:Angkor Wat
989:arcminutes
637:See also:
596:Leap years
97:September
3480:Equinoxes
3416:Astronomy
3354:Midsummer
3343:Calan Mai
3317:Gŵyl Fair
3302:Midwinter
3146:Fortnight
2993:Lunisolar
2983:Leap year
2917:Gregorian
2867:stopwatch
2842:Hourglass
2822:Astrarium
2739:Spacetime
2670:Time zone
2547:Metrology
2526:standards
2172:net.astro
1367:neologism
1286:Footnotes
1023:neologism
1004:longitude
592:solstices
483:the plane
100:December
55:solstices
51:equinoxes
3464:Holidays
3207:Duration
3181:Saeculum
3161:Olympiad
3003:Solstice
2932:Holocene
2909:Calendar
2809:Horology
2600:ISO 8601
2595:ISO 31-1
2364:21 March
2342:20 March
2314:20 March
2309:Intelsat
1591:Archived
1501:Archived
1400:1 August
1258:Songkran
1253:Solstice
1233:Lady Day
1227:KĹŤreisai
1211:Aphelion
1195:Analemma
1188:See also
1174:sunshine
1158:in 2009.
1083:Cambodia
1008:latitude
973:refracts
863:autumnus
732:(white).
726:ecliptic
633:Sun path
613:for the
605:for the
472:20 March
454:A solar
82:solstice
72:solstice
57:on Earth
3428:Physics
3402:Portals
3381:Samhain
3337:Beltane
3176:Century
3166:Lustrum
3096:Instant
2968:Equinox
2937:Islamic
2879:Sundial
2744:Chronon
2474:(ed.).
2210:23 June
2012:Bibcode
1952:. 1945.
1625:29 June
1597:29 June
1355:isophot
1269:Tekufah
1169:Cassini
1155:Cassini
1029:Auroras
1019:equilux
962:Sunrise
746:seasons
708:by the
654:horizon
650:sunrise
644:General
621:Daytime
574:In the
569:sundial
535:, from
509:from a
491:equator
464:equator
456:equinox
77:equinox
67:equinox
3330:Ostara
3311:Imbolc
3171:Decade
3126:Moment
3121:Minute
3116:Second
3086:Other
2943:Julian
2922:Hebrew
2568:offset
2287:
2260:
2233:
2045:
1930:
1903:
1877:
1850:
1823:
1796:
1769:
1743:
1695:Nature
1679:22 May
1675:. 2017
1651:
1546:9 July
1519:region
1507:9 July
1359:Usenet
1320:Nowruz
1238:Nowruz
1146:Saturn
1064:Nowruz
1049:, and
1021:; the
985:radius
924:Pisces
674:spring
659:aequus
578:, the
539:aequus
448:14:14
419:08:20
390:02:43
361:20:50
332:15:03
303:09:20
274:03:28
245:21:48
216:15:59
187:10:03
158:04:19
91:March
88:month
63:event
3440:Stars
3376:Mabon
3212:music
3151:Month
3111:Jiffy
3106:Shake
3101:Flick
2998:Solar
2988:Lunar
2963:Epact
2927:Hindu
2862:Watch
2817:Clock
2000:(PDF)
1150:rings
1144:When
928:Virgo
909:Libra
852:Names
796:When
706:Earth
526:Latin
487:Earth
442:17:37
436:01:48
430:08:01
424:2029
413:11:45
407:20:02
401:02:17
395:2028
384:06:02
378:14:11
372:20:25
366:2027
355:00:06
349:08:25
343:14:46
337:2026
326:18:20
320:02:42
314:09:02
308:2025
297:12:44
291:20:51
285:03:07
279:2024
268:06:50
262:14:58
256:21:25
250:2023
239:01:04
233:09:14
227:15:33
221:2022
210:19:21
204:03:32
198:09:37
192:2021
181:13:31
175:21:43
169:03:50
163:2020
152:07:50
146:15:54
140:21:58
134:2019
129:time
123:time
117:time
111:time
105:year
94:June
3306:Yule
3156:Year
3141:Week
3131:Hour
2585:DUT1
2524:and
2397:2017
2366:2014
2344:2019
2316:2019
2285:ISBN
2258:ISBN
2231:ISBN
2212:2024
2137:2010
2111:2017
2071:2017
2043:ISBN
1928:ISBN
1901:ISBN
1875:ISBN
1848:ISBN
1821:ISBN
1794:ISBN
1767:ISBN
1741:ISBN
1681:2017
1649:ISBN
1627:2024
1599:2024
1548:2019
1536:NOAA
1509:2019
1428:2018
1402:2022
1391:USNO
1006:and
926:and
897:and
887:and
879:and
869:and
792:Date
565:west
561:east
474:and
53:and
3136:Day
2020:doi
1699:444
1081:in
1070:.
859:ver
848:).
835:).
710:Sun
663:nox
547:nox
505:to
495:Sun
489:'s
485:of
460:Sun
126:day
120:day
114:day
108:day
3476::
2580:ΔT
2575:UT
2482:.
2478:.
2451:.
2413:.
2386:.
2333:.
2307:.
2202:.
2170:.
2128:.
2102:.
2018:.
2008:80
2006:.
2002:.
1697:,
1671:.
1635:^
1616:.
1589:.
1583:.
1564:.
1538:.
1534:.
1511:.
1495:.
1491:.
1480:^
1418:.
1393:.
1099:.
594:.
478:.
445:21
439:22
433:21
427:20
416:21
410:22
404:20
398:20
387:22
381:23
375:21
369:20
358:21
352:23
346:21
340:20
329:21
323:22
317:21
311:20
300:21
294:22
288:20
282:20
271:22
265:23
259:21
253:20
242:21
236:23
230:21
224:20
213:21
207:22
201:21
195:20
184:21
178:22
172:20
166:20
155:22
149:23
143:21
137:20
46:UT
3404::
3383:/
3374:/
3361:/
3352:/
3339:/
3326:/
3313:/
3304:/
3283:e
3276:t
3269:v
2514:e
2507:t
2500:v
2486:.
2465:.
2457:.
2443:.
2435:.
2417:.
2399:.
2368:.
2346:.
2318:.
2293:.
2266:.
2239:.
2214:.
2139:.
2113:.
2087:.
2073:.
2051:.
2026:.
2022::
2014::
1936:.
1909:.
1883:.
1856:.
1829:.
1802:.
1775:.
1749:.
1683:.
1657:.
1629:.
1601:.
1550:.
1430:.
1404:.
1305:.
38:.
20:)
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