179:, the idea that some publications were based on the memories of actors hired to play minor roles. He concluded that the actor who played Marcellus was responsible for the reconstruction. He explained the fact that the "mousetrap" scene, in which Marcellus does not appear, was also accurate by suggesting that the same actor must have also played one of the roles in that scene. Grey argued that hired actors playing minor roles would be more susceptible to bribery than established actors in the company, as they had much less to lose. An anonymous writer probably filled out the missing verses.
33:
245:
286:, states that only a few scholars believe that an earlier version of Shakespeare's play existed and that only a "tiny minority" believe that the "poorly printed" Q1 "may in some way derive from it". However, he also argues that Q1 gives useful information about early productions of the play, especially how it may have been cut for performance.
141:. Since Polonius is a parody of a pompous pseudo-intellectual and his servant acts as a spy, the names might have been interpreted as deliberate insults. The title page of Q1 specifically states that the play was recently performed in "the Cittie of London: as also in the two Universities of Cambridge and Oxford, and else-where".
199:
232:, the printer of Q1. A. W. Pollard argued that Roberts was acting on behalf of Shakespeare's company, and that the entry was intended, albeit unsuccessfully, to block the publication of the play by another publisher. Gerald D. Johnson suggests, in contrast, that Roberts made a deal with the bookseller
266:
disagreed in his introduction to Weiner's edition, arguing that Q1 is descended from an earlier draft of the play and that "the second quarto is
Shakespeare's revision and amplification of that earlier play." Craig's argument was based on his observation of significant "structural difference" between
120:
Strikingly, the role of
Gertrude is significantly different, since she becomes an accomplice of Hamlet in his plot against Claudius, insisting that she knew nothing of her first husband's murder and agreeing to help her son. There is an entire scene between Horatio and Gertrude in which Horatio tells
112:
In addition to the fact that Q1 is much shorter than both Q2 and the F1 version of the play, it has a number of unique characteristics. There are many oddities and unexplained bits of action, consistent with crude cutting of the text (how Hamlet escapes from the ship to
England is unexplained, as is
281:
Other scholars reject these arguments. G.R. Hibbard states categorically that: "As for that text itself, it is a completely illegitimate and unreliable one, having no direct contact with any
Shakespearian manuscript, or with any transcript of such a manuscript...Moreover, very little care seems to
216:
so soon after Q1 has been explained as the result of the fact that Q1 was so corrupt. Possibly
Shakespeare or his company thought it necessary to publish the true text to preserve the author's reputation. The title page states that it is "Newly imprinted and enlarged to almost as much againe as it
261:
While the "bad quarto" theory is still widely accepted, some later scholars have taken a very different view, arguing that the text may be an accurate version of an alternative form of the play. Albert B. Weiner argued in 1962 that Q1 represented a "tourbook" copy, derived originally from a text
271:" but that the second quarto, while doubtless a better play, "does not", and in fact interjects "more than 800 lines of other dramatic matter" between the decision of the King and Polonius to spy on Hamlet and the "get thee to a nunnery" scene in which the spying actually transpires.
132:
argues that these last changes were made because Q1 derives from a touring version of the play, which was intended to include a performance at Oxford
University. Hibbard believes that the original names were too close to those of two famous Oxford scholars, the university's founder
121:
her that Hamlet has escaped from the ship after discovering
Claudius' plan to kill him. Gertrude says that she now recognises Claudius' "villany", but she will "soothe and please him for a time" to lull him into a false sense of security.
159:
argued in 1843 that it was simply a bad version: a "pirated" text, one of the "stol'n and surreptitious copies, maimed and deformed by frauds and stealths of injurious impostors", which were denounced in the preface to the 1623
236:, allowing Ling to use another printer to publish Q1 first, but giving Roberts the right to print the much more substantial "good" version later, from which both would profit, with Ling getting to sell the same play twice.
186:, a book in which he argued in great detail for the memorial reconstruction theory, asserting that the actor probably played the roles of Marcellus and Lucianus and had been hired for a provincial touring production.
104:. Since then the exact relationship between Q1 and the other early texts of the play, as well as its origin as a text, has been extensively debated but no scholarly consensus has been reached.
1677:
97:(F1, 1623) (subsequent quartos over the period 1604–1623 are all, at least in their substantive features, derived from Q2). Both Q2 and F1 are more than 1600 lines longer than Q1.
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278:, who argued that Q1 represented an early version of the play and that distinctive spelling variations typical of Shakespeare imply that it was set up from his manuscript.
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states that Q2 is "apparently the one closest to
Shakespere's original manuscript, but it may represent a 'reading' text as opposed to a 'performance' one".
175:" in 1909, a term he coined to distinguish several texts that he judged significantly corrupt. In 1915 Henry David Gray analysed Q1 using the model of
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After its discovery in 1823, its initial editors typically took the view that Q1 was an early draft of the play, perhaps even a revision of the
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similar to Q2 or F, which had been trimmed and simplified for performance by a small number of actors on tour in the provinces. But
117:" soliloquy occurs in Act Two, immediately after Polonius proposes to set up an "accidental" meeting between Hamlet and Ophelia.
488:
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had argued that the actor may also have played another small role, that of
Voltemar, but Duthie disagreed with this view.
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the arrival of the
English ambassadors). Some scenes take place at a different point in the story – for example Hamlet's "
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is called "Corambis" while his servant Reynoldo is named "Montano". Various suggestions have been made to explain this.
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This view became increasingly prominent in the 20th century. It was one of the publications named by the bibliographer
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have been exercised over the actual printing, for passages of sheer nonsense abound". Bate, in his 2008 edition of
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The situation is complicated by the fact that the original 1602 entry in the Stationers' Register was made by
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62:) is a short early text of the Shakespearean play. The intended publication of the play is entered in the
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Gerald D. Johnson, 'Nicholas Ling, Publisher 1580–1607'", Studies in Bibliography, 38, 1985, pp.203–14.
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Q1 and the other texts, that "the first quarto follows the order of events as they appear in
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Q1 was unknown until 1823, when the first of only two known copies was discovered by
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The Struggle for Shakespeare's Text: Twentieth-Century Editorial Theory and Practice
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Eric Sams, "Shakespeare's Hand in the Copy for the 1603 First Quarto of Hamlet",
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The First Edition of the Tragedy of Hamlet: London, 1603
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Another significant difference is that the character of
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The publication of the so-called "good quarto" (Q2) of
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A Performance of Hamlet in the Village of Mrduša Donja
329:, Cambridge University Press, 21 October 2010, p100ff.
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The Complete Works of William Shakespeare (Abridged)
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The Tragicall Historie of Hamlet Prince of Denmarke
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316:, Oxford University Press, 1998, p.69-75.
666:The lady doth protest too much, methinks
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1799:Rosencrantz and Guildenstern Are Dead
93:are the Second Quarto (Q2, 1604) and
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252:" soliloquy from the 1603 quarto of
406:. Great Neck, N.Y.: Barron's, 1962
371:, Palgrave Macmillan, 2008, p. 11.
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1552:My Robin is to the greenwood gone
27:First printed edition of "Hamlet"
182:In 1943 G. I. Duthie published
2016:Asterix and the Great Crossing
841:Cultural references to Ophelia
404:Hamlet: The First Quarto, 1603
384:, Greenwood Press, 1998, p.12.
1:
1708:Highlander II: The Quickening
637:What a piece of work is a man
442:Jonathan Bate, introduction,
367:Jonathan Bate, introduction,
205:of the 1605 printing (Q2) of
82:. Roberts later printed the "
1523:Tales from the Public Domain
1478:Rosencrantz and Guildenstern
577:Rosencrantz and Guildenstern
184:The 'Bad' Quarto of 'Hamlet'
1312:The Story of Edgar Sawtelle
429:, 1998 (Vol. XX, pp. 80–88)
382:Hamlet: A Guide to the Play
137:and the Puritan theologian
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1927:The Conscience of the King
2254:Shakespearean scholarship
2185:The Hobart Shakespeareans
1887:Interred with Their Bones
1415:Hamlet, Prince of Denmark
228:, the printer of Q2, not
2106:The River Bank (Ophelia)
1141:Let the Devil Wear Black
463:, hosted at Google Books
240:Alternate version theory
2167:The Chronicles of Amber
2135:Hamlet and His Problems
1877:The Shakespeare Stealer
1428:(BBC 2, animated, 1992)
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402:Weiner, Albert B., ed.
177:memorial reconstruction
1738:In the Bleak Midwinter
1505:Lyle the Kindly Viking
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821:Common phrases from
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269:Saxo and Belleforest
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1954:Slings & Arrows
1532:The Skinhead Hamlet
1242:Hamlet Had an Uncle
1051:The Rest Is Silence
848:Language of flowers
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754:The Spanish Tragedy
617:To be, or not to be
498:William Shakespeare
380:W. Thomas MacCary,
250:To be, or not to be
115:To be, or not to be
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2126:Hamlet and Oedipus
1829:To Be or Not to Be
1688:To Be or Not to Be
1668:To Be or Not to Be
1651:In popular culture
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1496:The Klingon Hamlet
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427:Hamlet Studies
417:
408:
395:
386:
373:
360:
331:
325:Gabriel Egan,
318:
293:
291:
288:
241:
238:
195:
194:Relation to Q2
192:
146:
143:
109:
106:
56:", full title
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2266:
2255:
2252:
2250:
2247:
2245:
2242:
2241:
2239:
2223:
2222:
2217:
2214:
2213:
2208:
2205:
2204:
2203:Poor Murderer
2199:
2196:
2195:
2190:
2187:
2186:
2181:
2177:
2172:
2169:
2168:
2163:
2160:
2159:
2154:
2151:
2147:
2144:
2140:
2137:
2136:
2131:
2128:
2127:
2122:
2121:
2119:
2115:
2108:
2107:
2102:
2099:
2098:
2093:
2090:
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2074:
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2059:
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2027:
2026:
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2018:
2017:
2012:
2011:
2009:
2005:
1997:
1996:
1991:
1987:
1986:
1981:
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1968:
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1956:
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1932:
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1911:
1907:
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1873:
1869:
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1852:
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1846:
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1839:
1831:
1830:
1825:
1821:
1820:
1819:I Hate Hamlet
1815:
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1805:
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1800:
1795:
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1614:
1611:(Tchaikovsky)
1610:
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1601:
1596:
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1586:
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1579:
1571:
1566:
1562:
1561:Pull Me Under
1557:
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1438:(BBC 2, 2009)
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1343:Dogg's Hamlet
1339:
1335:
1334:
1333:Hamletmachine
1329:
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1298:
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1272:Dating Hamlet
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1221:The Lion King
1217:
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1191:Hamlet A.D.D.
1187:
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1131:The Lion King
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1117:
1113:
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1107:
1103:
1102:
1097:
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1087:
1083:
1082:
1081:Johnny Hamlet
1077:
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279:
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257:
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251:
246:
239:
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235:
234:Nicholas Ling
231:
227:
226:James Roberts
222:
220:
219:Jonathan Bate
215:
208:
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200:
193:
191:
189:
185:
180:
178:
174:
170:
165:
163:
158:
154:
153:
144:
142:
140:
139:John Rainolds
136:
131:
130:G. R. Hibbard
127:
122:
118:
116:
107:
105:
103:
98:
96:
92:
87:
85:
84:Second Quarto
81:
77:
73:
72:Nicholas Ling
69:
68:James Roberts
65:
61:
60:
55:
51:
50:
45:
38:
34:
30:
19:
2219:
2210:
2201:
2192:
2183:
2165:
2156:
2149:
2133:
2124:
2104:
2095:
2089:(Waterhouse)
2086:
2076:
2067:
2057:
2032:
2023:
2014:
1993:
1983:
1973:
1952:
1918:The Producer
1895:
1885:
1875:
1858:
1848:
1827:
1817:
1807:
1797:
1776:
1766:
1756:
1746:
1736:
1726:
1716:
1706:
1696:
1686:
1676:
1666:
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1626:
1616:
1598:
1589:
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1512:
1494:
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1476:
1467:
1458:
1433:
1423:
1413:
1403:
1393:
1372:
1351:
1341:
1331:
1310:
1300:
1290:
1280:
1270:
1260:
1250:
1240:
1219:
1209:
1199:
1189:
1179:
1169:
1159:
1149:
1139:
1129:
1119:
1111:Strange Brew
1109:
1099:
1089:
1079:
1069:
1059:
1049:
866:Performances
832:
822:
798:
761:
752:
715:Substitution
501:
459:
443:
426:
420:
411:
403:
398:
389:
381:
376:
368:
363:
351:. Retrieved
347:the original
326:
321:
313:
283:
280:
273:
264:Hardin Craig
260:
253:
223:
213:
211:
206:
183:
181:
166:
150:
148:
123:
119:
111:
99:
90:
88:
76:John Trundle
58:
57:
54:First Quarto
53:
47:
43:
42:
36:
29:
2025:The Seagull
1966:Video games
1809:Stage Blood
1418:(BBC, 1980)
1408:(BBC, 1964)
1151:The Banquet
1034:Adaptations
877:(1911–1912)
686:Terminology
675:Thy name is
626:Mortal coil
608:Soliloquies
162:First Folio
95:First Folio
66:in 1602 by
2238:Categories
1909:Television
1778:Three Days
1386:Television
1353:Fortinbras
584:Fortinbras
512:Characters
290:References
203:Title page
188:W. W. Greg
173:bad quarto
2178:" (Haydn)
2150:Hamlet Q1
2070:(Cabanel)
2060:(Millais)
1621:(Berlioz)
1487:I, Hamlet
1171:Karmayogi
895:On screen
812:Influence
763:Ur-Hamlet
734:Criticism
701:Induction
276:Eric Sams
152:Ur-Hamlet
1995:Elsinore
1947:" (2001)
1938:" (1983)
1929:" (1966)
1920:" (1966)
1870:" (1997)
1758:Hamlet 2
1603:(Faccio)
1593:(Thomas)
1572:" (1997)
1563:" (1992)
1451:Parodies
1365:Musicals
708:Quiddity
694:Dumbshow
549:Polonius
535:Gertrude
528:Claudius
126:Polonius
86:" (Q2).
2143:Hebenon
2117:Related
2087:Ophelia
2068:Ophelia
2058:Ophelia
1618:Tristia
1211:Ophelia
1201:Hemanta
1071:Ophelia
729:Sources
570:Horatio
563:Ophelia
556:Laertes
353:10 July
2244:Hamlet
1998:(2019)
1988:(2010)
1985:Hamlet
1978:(1993)
1957:(2003)
1900:(2020)
1897:Hamnet
1890:(2007)
1880:(1998)
1861:(1994)
1853:(1937)
1841:Novels
1832:(2008)
1822:(1991)
1812:(1974)
1802:(1966)
1781:(2012)
1771:(2009)
1761:(2008)
1751:(2002)
1741:(1995)
1731:(1994)
1721:(1993)
1711:(1991)
1701:(1990)
1691:(1983)
1681:(1973)
1671:(1942)
1641:(Dean)
1638:Hamlet
1631:(Rihm)
1609:Hamlet
1600:Amleto
1590:Hamlet
1435:Hamlet
1425:Hamlet
1395:Hamlet
1377:(1973)
1356:(1991)
1346:(1979)
1336:(1977)
1315:(2008)
1305:(2008)
1295:(2007)
1285:(2006)
1275:(2002)
1265:(2000)
1255:(1989)
1245:(1940)
1233:Novels
1224:(2019)
1214:(2018)
1204:(2016)
1194:(2014)
1184:(2014)
1181:Haider
1174:(2012)
1164:(2009)
1154:(2006)
1144:(1999)
1134:(1994)
1124:(1987)
1114:(1983)
1104:(1977)
1094:(1973)
1084:(1968)
1074:(1963)
1064:(1960)
1054:(1959)
885:(1964)
833:Hamlet
823:Hamlet
598:Yorick
521:Hamlet
503:Hamlet
444:Hamlet
369:Hamlet
314:Hamlet
284:Hamlet
255:Hamlet
214:Hamlet
207:Hamlet
171:as a "
155:, but
91:Hamlet
49:Hamlet
37:Hamlet
2007:Books
1790:Plays
1659:Films
1543:Songs
1324:Plays
1161:Doubt
1042:Films
542:Ghost
248:The "
1023:2011
1016:2000
1009:1996
1002:1990
995:1974
988:1969
981:1964
974:1961
967:1954
960:1948
953:1935
946:1921
939:1917
932:1913
925:1912
918:1908
911:1907
904:1900
355:2012
74:and
2049:Art
1748:War
500:'s
46:of
2240::
435:^
334:^
297:^
164:.
44:Q1
2174:"
1943:"
1934:"
1925:"
1916:"
1866:"
1568:"
1559:"
1550:"
1525:"
1521:"
1507:"
1503:"
677:"
673:"
668:"
664:"
648:"
644:"
639:"
635:"
628:"
624:"
619:"
615:"
490:e
483:t
476:v
357:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
