1307:, delivered a note to King Fredrich Wilhelm stating that Russia regarded the advance of the Prussian troops towards Jutland as an extremely unfriendly act as the note stated: "The invasion, intended for Jutland, seriously injuries the interests of all the powers bordering on the Baltic, and stretches to the breaking point the political equilibrium throughout the north which was established in the treaties". To reinforce the point, the empress of Russia wrote to her brother, King Fredrich Wilhelm, saying: "It is your troops who have grabbed the weak Denmark with their superior force. The war can be expanded widely if you pursue it. Stop! There is still time! Think about the difficulties Germany has to battle in order to bring about inner security, the dangers which threaten in the West. Do not force upon the Tsar the necessity to come to the assistance with strong measures of another state whose downfall Russia cannot regard with indifference and will not tolerate. It cannot come to pass that Denmark is absorbed into Germany; of this you can be certain." Nicholas ordered Russia to mobilise, sent a squadron of the Russian Baltic fleet to Danish waters as a show of support, and politely told his brother-in-law he was willing to risk war over the issue. The Russian threats had the desired impact on Frederich Wilhelm who now claimed to have been misled by von Arnim into intervening in the war.
1152:
Emperor
Nicholas I, and the Prussian king believed that his brother-in-law could be persuaded to accept Prussia seizing control of the two duchies. Furthermore, Nicolas was well known to be an intense admirer of Prussian militarism and saw Prussia as the stronger ally in the so-called informal "eastern bloc" that consisted of Russia, Prussia, and Austria. The emperor saw Prussia as the more reliable partner in opposing Polish nationalism than the Austrian empire, hence his preference for Prussia over Austria in the "eastern bloc". Nicholas had long made it known that he viewed a Prussian-dominated Germany as a welcome development, which he saw as a way of weakening France, the nation that he hated and feared the most. Fredrich Wilhelm did not want to risk a confrontation with either Britain or Russia, and was only persuaded to act when convinced a war would not cause such a confrontation.
1124:
the Danish claims, believing that a Danish-Prussian war might lead to
Prussia annexing not just the two duchies, but also all of Denmark. Likewise, Emperor Nicholas I of Russia supported Denmark as he did not want a strong power controlling the Danish straits. Nicholas also believed that if Denmark were defeated even without being annexed, it might lead to the Danes joining a Scandinavian Union that would pose a potential threat to the ability of the Baltic fleet of the Imperial Russian Navy to leave the Baltic. France, the European power most opposed to German unification, was due to the revolution of 1848 unable to take a strong stand on German affairs. The Austrian empire, Prussia's rival for the ascendency in German affairs, was paralyzed as revolts had broken out against the House of Habsburg in Prague, Milan, Buda, Krakow, and in Vienna itself.
456:
1144:, the king's most trusted adviser, wrote in his diary: "The present political-military crisis cannot drag on, it must come to a rapid conclusion". Radowitz was prepared to support a war provided it would be brought to a victorious conclusion swiftly, which would allow Prussia to present the other European powers with a fait accompli. Knowing of the intense Russian opposition to Prussia controlling the Danish straits, Radowitz advised the king to limit the war to the two duchies and not allow Prussian troops to enter Jutland, which he predicted would lead to "unforeseeable consequences" as it was likely that Russia would intervene. The Prussian Foreign Minister
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1172:. When Noer's force arrived, they found that the gates to the fortress had been left open for an unknown reason and promptly walked in, surprising the would-be defenders. After delivering a speech to the defenders, the prince secured the allegiance of the battalions and regiment of artillery to the provisional government. Danish officers who had been serving in the defence of the fortress were allowed to leave for Denmark on the assurance that they did not fight against Schleswig-Holstein in the coming war.
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1492:. Both parties reserved all their antecedent rights. Denmark was satisfied that the treaty empowered the King of Denmark to restore his authority in Holstein with or without the consent of the German Confederation. Danish troops now marched in to coerce the refractory duchies. While the fighting went on, negotiations among the powers continued.
1318:, commanding the German army, to withdraw his troops from the duchies; but the general refused, asserting that he followed order from the new German Central Government and not of the King of Prussia. Wrangel proposed that, at the very least, any treaty concluded should be presented for ratification to the German National Assembly.
1081:, countered the pro-German claims, writing pamphlets which argued that there was no way of knowing the language of the earliest inhabitants of Danish territory, that Germans had more solid historical claims to large parts of France and England, and that Slavs by the same reasoning could annex parts of eastern Germany.
1590:
was signed. The international treaty that became known as the "London
Protocol" was the revision of the earlier protocol, which had been ratified on 2 August 1850, by the major German powers, Austria and Prussia. The second, actual London Protocol was recognized by the five major European powers (the
1139:
In addition, the chaos of the revolution of 1848 was felt to offer a unique opportunity to create a greater
Prussia by seizing territory, all the more as France was unable to act. However, the king and his advisers were not prepared to risk a general European war over the Schleswig-Holstein question.
1151:
Both Russia and
Britain were opposed to Denmark losing control of the Danish straits, but were otherwise supportive of Prussia. Palmerston supported a stronger Prussia and even a Germany unified under Prussian leadership as a way of weakening France. King Fredrich Wilhelm's sister was married to the
1123:
linking the North Sea to the Baltic Sea not be controlled by any major
European power such as Prussia. From Palmerston's viewpoint, having a relatively weak power such as Denmark maintain control of the Danish straits was far preferable to having a strong power, and as such Britain tended to support
1631:
remained childless and hence a change in dynasty was in order. (The originally conflicting protocols of succession between the duchies and
Denmark would have stipulated that, contrary to the treaty, the duchies of Holstein and Lauenburg would have had heads of state other than the King of Denmark.)
1437:
10 July: Another truce was signed. Schleswig, until the peace, was to be administered separately, under a mixed commission; Holstein was to be governed by a vicegerent of the German Empire (an arrangement equally offensive to German and Danish sentiment). A settlement seemed as far off as ever. The
1348:
which yielded to practically all the Danish demands. The
Holstein estates appealed to the German National Assembly, which hotly took up their cause, but it was soon clear that the German Central Government had no means of enforcing its views. In the end the convention was ratified at Frankfurt. The
1343:
Prussia was now confronted on the one side by German nationalists urging it to action, on the other side by the
European powers threatening dire consequences should it persist. After painful hesitation, Frederick William chose what seemed the lesser of two evils, and, on 26 August, Prussia signed a
1329:
That persons to be elected for the formation of a new common government for the duchies of
Holstein and Schleswig, before the conclusion of the armistice, are expressly and specifically agreed among the contracting parties in such a way that the existence and the prosperous effectiveness of the new
1135:
as fighting had broken out in the streets of Berlin, it was felt essential to take a bold foreign policy step which would restore the prestige of the Prussian state. The king and his advisors were not German nationalists, but the German liberals opposed to the absolutist Prussian monarchy were. The
1194:
on 9 April was a Danish victory. At the battle, the Prince of Noer, senior commander of the Schleswig-Holstein forces, did not arrive until two hours after fighting had started, and the Schleswig-Holsteiners were more prepared for the withdrawal they had intended to make than for an engagement.
1084:
The conflicting aims of Danish and German nationalists contributed to the outbreak of the First Schleswig War. Danish nationalists believed that Schleswig, but not Holstein, should be a part of Denmark, as Schleswig contained a large number of Danes, whilst Holstein did not. German nationalists
1567:
28 January: A royal letter announced the institution of a unitary state which, while maintaining the fundamental constitution of Denmark, would increase the parliamentary powers of the estates of the two duchies. This proclamation was approved by Prussia and Austria, and by the
1369:
27 January: The London conference result was supported by Great Britain and Russia and accepted by Prussia and the German parliament in Frankfurt. The negotiations broke down, however, on the refusal of Denmark to yield the principle of the indissoluble union with the Danish
1015:
The war was interrupted in August 1848 by the armistice of Malmö, but started again with a Danish offensive in February 1849. In summer 1850, Prussia had to back down and leave the rebels to their fate. On 1 April 1851, the Schleswig-Holstein army was disbanded. The
1635:
This settlement did not resolve the issue, as the German Diet had steadfastly refused to recognize the treaty, and asserted that the law of 1650 was still in force, by which the Duchies were not united to the state of Denmark, but only to the direct line of
1465:. As for Holstein, if the King of Denmark could not deal with the rebels there, he himself would intervene as he had done in Hungary. The threat was reinforced by the menace of the European situation. Austria and Prussia were on the verge of war (see
1189:
on 31 March. Over 7,000 Danish soldiers landed east of the city, and Krohn, fearing he would be surrounded, ordered his forces to withdraw. The Danes were able to reach the Schleswig-Holsteiners before they were able to retreat, and the subsequent
1580:
1458:
1360:, Denmark suggested an arrangement on the basis of a separation of Schleswig from Holstein, despite their historical affiliation dating back to 1460, with Schleswig having a separate constitution under the Danish crown.
2160:
1469:), and the sole hope of preventing Russia from entering such a war on the side of Austria lay in settling the Schleswig-Holstein question in a manner desirable to it. The only alternative, an alliance with the hated
1020:
of 1852 was the final settlement of the conflict with the great powers confirming the Danish king to be the duke of the duchies but also declaring that the duchies had to remain independent from Denmark proper.
982:. Ultimately, the Danish side proved victorious with the diplomatic support of the great powers, especially Britain and Russia, since the duchies were close to an important Baltic seaway connecting both powers.
1271:
The Germans had embarked on this course of participation in the Schleswig-Holstein War alone, without the European powers. The other European powers were united in opposing any dismemberment of Denmark, even
1457:
the basis seemed meaningless and the proposed settlement would settle nothing. Nicholas I, openly disgusted with Frederick William's submission to the Frankfurt Parliament, again intervened. To him
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480:
706:
1477:, who was already dreaming of acquiring the Rhine frontier for France in return for his aid in establishing German sea-power by the ceding of the duchies, was abhorrent to Frederick William.
568:
1709:
These three southern regions of the Danish "Gesamtstaat" or "Helstaten" (common name for the union of the kingdom and the duchies) made up about one half of the monarchy's economic power.
1557:
6 December 1851: The Copenhagen government announced a project for the future organization of the monarchy on the basis of the equality of its constituent states, with a common ministry.
935:
918:
1085:
believed that Schleswig, Holstein, and Lauenburg should remain united, and their belief that Schleswig and Holstein should not be separated led to the two duchies being referred to as
1615:
The Protocol affirmed the integrity of the Danish federation as a "European necessity and standing principle". Accordingly, the duchies of Schleswig (a Danish fief), and Holstein and
1376:
3 April: The war was renewed. At this point Nicholas I intervened in favour of peace. However, Prussia, conscious of her restored strength and weary of the intractable temper of the
996:
In March 1848, the German population of Schleswig, Holstein, and Lauenburg rebelled, and created a provisional government and army. As Holstein and Lauenburg were member states, the
1632:
Further, it was affirmed that the duchies were to remain as independent entities, and that Schleswig would have no greater constitutional affinity to Denmark than Holstein.
1438:
Danes still clamoured for the principle of succession in the female line and union with Denmark, the Germans for that of succession in the male line and union with Holstein.
1168:
in Schleswig-Holstein. The fortress contained the main armoury of the duchies, the 14th, 15th, and 16th Infantry Battalions, the 2nd Regiment of Artillery, as well as some
1131:
receiving conflicting advice from rival groups of advisers about what to do. However, in the aftermath of the revolution of 1848, which had damaged the prestige of the
2165:
1115:
The question of Schleswig-Holstein was also a major concern of the other European powers. In order to maintain access to the Baltic, the British Foreign Secretary
151:
1550:
May: The Copenhagen government made an abortive attempt to come to an understanding with the inhabitants of the duchies by convening an assembly of notables at
561:
1640:, and were to revert on its extinction, not to the branch of Glucksburg, but to the German ducal family of Augustenburg. Only twelve years passed before the
1608:
1336:
That troops remaining in the duchies of Holstein and Schleswig under Article VIII shall all be under the orders of the German commander-in-chief (Wrangel).
1310:
The fact that Prussia had entered the war on behalf of the revolutionary forces in Schleswig-Holstein created a great number of ironies. The newly elected
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439:
1116:
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in Denmark lived in these areas. Germans made up a third of the country's population, and the three duchies accounted for half of Denmark's economy. The
692:
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1203:
1136:
king's advisors believed that a German nationalist war would win support for the Prussian state from many of those liberals who were opposed to it.
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That in the duchies, existing laws and ordinances mentioned in Article VII. all are expressly permitted up to the conclusion of the armistice;
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235:
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tended to support the incursion into the Schleswig-Holstein War while King Frederick William did not. Indeed, Frederick William ordered
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Wishing to defeat Denmark before German troops arrived to support them, 7,000 Schleswig-Holstein volunteers under General Krohn occupied
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signed a protocol, to which Austria subsequently adhered, approving the principle of restoring the integrity of the Danish monarchy.
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In April 1850, Prussia, which had pulled out of the war after the treaty of Malmö, proposed a definitive peace on the basis of the
1148:
supported war, believing that Prussia could occupy the two duchies within eight days, leaving Britain and Russia no time to react.
1303:
It was Russian diplomatic intervention that decided the outcome of the war in April 1848. The Russian ambassador in Berlin, Baron
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2155:
2150:
2145:
2028:
The German Volunteers of the 1st Schleswig War. An Overview of the Freikorps’ Organisation, Uniforms, Flags and Armament in 1848.
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2140:
2135:
1723:"The concept of prehistory and the invention of the terms 'prehistoric' and 'prehistorian': The Scandinavian origin, 1833–1850"
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1128:
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2059:
2050:
1108:, which might have resulted in a division of Denmark. Accordingly, Christian VIII had decreed (8 July 1846) a change to the
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1995:
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had been populated by Germans before the arrival of the Danes and that therefore Germans could justifiably reclaim it.
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took the 5th "Lauenburger" Rifle Corps (Jägerkorps) and some students of Kiel university to take over the fortress of
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963:
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1300:, though the Danes had rejected her mediation, threatened to send her fleet to assist in preserving the status quo.
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1093:. Another cause of the war was the legally questionable change to the rules of ducal succession in the duchies.
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recognized the provisional government of Schleswig and commissioned Prussia to enforce its decrees. General
1089:. Schleswig became a particular source of contention, as it contained a large number of Danes, Germans, and
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In Berlin, the foreign policy decision-making was described as "chaotic" with the weak and indecisive King
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104:
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To prevent a division of the Danish kingdom, the Danish "Royal Law" (Lex Regia) was - illegaly [
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with the King of Denmark. For this purpose, the line of succession to the duchies was modified, because
1315:
1132:
1112:
in the duchies to allow succession through the female line. The implementation of this law was illegal.
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in 1864 resulted in the king of Denmark transferring the disputed duchies to Austria and Prussia.
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2006:
1958:
Achtenstuecke zur Schleswig-Holsteinische Frage. Carl Schroeder & Comp, Kiel, 1848, p. 64.
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1576:. The question of the Augustenborg succession made an agreement between the powers impossible.
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1496:
1396:
1169:
1034:
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771:
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1737:
1104:, seemed unable to beget heirs. Thus the duchies appeared likely to pass to the rule of the
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17:
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refusing to assist in enforcing the German view. Sweden landed 7,000 troops on the Isle of
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1592:
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1050:
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939:
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1930:
Heinrich Sybel, The Founding of the German Empire by William I. 1890. Volume 1, page 253.
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993:), while in the rest of Schleswig and in Holstein and Lauenburg it was majority German.
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1038:
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had become highly influential in the decades prior to the wars, and writers such as
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resigned his claim in return for a money payment. Further adjustments followed.
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convention was essentially nothing more than a truce establishing a temporary
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243:
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was a rebel. Russia had guaranteed Schleswig to the Danish crown by the 1773
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The Danes rejected this proposal outright and negotiations were broken off.
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1165:
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267:
1400:
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3 April: Danish victory over Schleswig-Holstein forces in battle at Adsbøl.
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1517:
1246:
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1722:
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1407:
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959:
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271:
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1611:), as well as the two major Baltic Sea powers of Denmark and Sweden.
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2 July: A treaty of peace between Prussia and Denmark was signed at
1503:
1353:. The main issues, left unsettled, continued to be hotly debated.
903:
2064:
1970:"First Schleswig-Holstein War / First War of the Danish Duchies"
688:
550:
2091:
First Schleswig-Holstein War - First War of the Danish Duchies
1783:
1277:
134:
72:
31:
2161:
Wars of succession involving the states and peoples of Europe
1321:
Furthermore, on 7 August 1848, Archduke John, as head of the
1077:(1821–1885), an archaeologist who had excavated parts of the
1053:, which had ended in 1815, had fanned both Danish and German
1012:), with most of the German troops being provided by Prussia.
2003:
Threats and Promises The Pursuit of International Influence
1010:
federal state that replaced the Confederation in 1848/49-51
978:, which at the time were ruled by the king of Denmark in a
1453:
and postponement of all questions as to mutual rights. To
1100:
died in January 1848. His only legitimate son, the future
2086:
Maps of Europe during the First Schleswig War (omniatlas)
1870:
1868:
908:
Roll of honour for the War in the cathedral of Schleswig
159:
1942:
1940:
1938:
1936:
1887:
1885:
1883:
1843:
1841:
1839:
1837:
1835:
1833:
1831:
1829:
1827:
1814:
1812:
1799:
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1795:
1325:, published three additional demands upon the Danes:
1004:
according to its statutes. This was continued by the
150:deal primarily with Germany and do not represent a
1485:became the Supreme Commander of the German Forces.
1257:5 June: Danish victory over Germans in battle at
1210:was also ordered to occupy the city of Schleswig.
1523:4 October: Danish forces resist German siege at
1380:, determined to take matters into her own hands.
1288:, speaking with authority as head of the senior
1069:(1810–1863) argued that the entire peninsula of
1033:, and the king of Denmark ruled the duchies of
1029:At the beginning of 1848, Denmark included the
220:
2030:In: Chakoten 62 (2007), no. 4, p. 16-20.
1502:28 July: Danish victory in cavalry battle at
700:
562:
148:The examples and perspective in this article
8:
1509:2 August: Great Britain, France, Russia and
1413:31 May: Danes stop Prussian advance through
989:(roughly the area returned to Denmark after
240:Danish soldiers return to Copenhagen in 1849
2021:Die Schleswig-Holsteinische Armee 1848-1851
1609:United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland
66:Learn how and when to remove these messages
2035:The Schleswig-Holstein Question. 1863–1864
1232:24 April: Hanoverian victory in battle at
707:
693:
685:
569:
555:
547:
217:
204:Learn how and when to remove this message
186:Learn how and when to remove this message
123:Learn how and when to remove this message
27:1848–1851 war between Denmark and Prussia
1220:23 April: Prussian victory in battle at
86:This article includes a list of general
2005:. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University.
1990:Price, Arnold. "Schleswig-Holstein" in
1680:
1392:6 April: Battles at Ullerup and Avnbøl.
958:), was a military conflict in southern
797:Eric of Pommeranias First Schleswig War
2073:Die Schlacht bei Idstedt im Jahre 1850
1430:6 July: Danish victory in sortie from
1373:23 February: The truce came to an end.
1226:23 April: German victory in battle at
1000:supported the rebels as a federal war
985:The population was majority Danish in
2048:Guns used at the Battle of Fredericia
1946:
1891:
1874:
1859:
1847:
1818:
1803:
7:
1686:
1684:
1654:German exonyms for places in Denmark
1572:insofar as it affected Holstein and
1213:19 April: Prussian troops cross the
1198:A timeline of events is shown thus:
966:: who should control the Duchies of
1906:"Battle of Bov – 9th of April 1848"
962:and northern Germany rooted in the
2166:Denmark–Germany military relations
1787:] - introduced in the duchies.
1765:"The Schleswig-Holstein Rebellion"
1693:"The Schleswig-Holstein Rebellion"
1669:Wars and battles involving Prussia
1495:24–25 July: Danish victory in the
92:it lacks sufficient corresponding
25:
541:8,695 killed, wounded or captured
538:8,309 killed, wounded or captured
47:This article has multiple issues.
1992:Encyclopedia of 1848 Revolutions
944:Schleswig-Holsteinische Erhebung
787:Danish-Hanseatic War (1361-1370)
520:
507:
496:
485:
474:
454:
444:
432:
420:
403:
387:
374:
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348:
336:
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312:
234:
139:
77:
36:
2081:Painting of the Battle of Isted
1730:European Journal of Archaeology
1356:In October, at a conference in
1294:Frederick William IV of Prussia
55:or discuss these issues on the
1459:Duke Christian of Augustenborg
1395:13 April: Danish victory over
1119:preferred that control of the
1065:(1785–1863) and the Norwegian
927:Schleswig-Holsteinischer Krieg
802:Dano-Hanseatic War (1426–1435)
1:
1659:History of Schleswig-Holstein
1619:(sovereign states within the
1146:Heinrich Alexander von Arnim
18:First Schleswig-Holstein War
2060:Time-line of Danish history
2023:(Tönning, PhD Thesis 2004).
1721:Rowly-Conwy, Peter (2006).
1426:Battle of Heligoland (1849)
1267:30 June: Battle at Bjerning
1075:Jens Jacob Asmussen Worsaae
964:Schleswig-Holstein Question
931:Schleswig-Holstein Uprising
747:Invasion of Bishop Valdemar
162:, discuss the issue on the
2192:
1330:government are guaranteed;
1296:the risks of a collision.
1292:line, pointed out to King
1284:to assist the Danes; Tsar
258:24 March 1848 – 8 May 1852
1536:31 December: Skirmish at
1483:Karl Wilhelm von Willisen
1323:Provisional Central Power
1264:7 June: Battle at Hoptrup
1098:Christian VIII of Denmark
1006:German Central Government
827:Northern Seven Years' War
722:
588:
532:
514:Karl Wilhelm von Willisen
467:
304:
250:
233:
225:
2176:Frederick VII of Denmark
2065:Die Schlacht bei Idstedt
1742:10.1177/1461957107077709
1629:Frederick VII of Denmark
1516:12 September: Battle at
1463:Treaty of Tsarskoye Selo
822:Italian War of 1542–1546
2156:19th century in Prussia
2151:19th century in Germany
2146:19th century in Denmark
1204:German Confederate Diet
1162:Prince Frederik of Noer
107:more precise citations.
2171:Denmark–Germany border
2141:Wars involving Prussia
2136:Wars involving Denmark
1974:www.globalsecurity.org
1597:Second French Republic
1570:German confederal diet
1450:status quo ante bellum
1160:Schleswig-Holsteinian
1045:. The majority of the
955:
943:
926:
909:
812:Swedish Liberation War
468:Commanders and leaders
294:Status quo ante bellum
2033:Steefel, Lawrence D.
1424:4 June: inconclusive
1417:in cavalry battle at
1388:Battle of Eckernförde
1316:Friedrich von Wrangel
1133:House of Hohenzollern
929:), also known as the
907:
878:Occupation of Denmark
716:Dano-German Conflicts
533:Casualties and losses
492:Friedrich von Wrangel
2037:(Harvard U.P. 1923).
2001:Davis, John (2000).
1642:Second Schleswig War
1621:German Confederation
1581:Duke of Augustenborg
1471:Napoleon Bonaparte's
1406:23 April: Battle at
1399:forces in battle at
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1305:Peter von Meyendorff
1286:Nicholas I of Russia
1043:German Confederation
998:German Confederation
872:Second Schleswig War
395:Mecklenburg-Schwerin
320:German Confederation
168:create a new article
160:improve this article
2106:First Schleswig War
2053:27 May 2011 at the
1664:Revolutions of 1848
1346:convention at Malmö
1142:Joseph von Radowitz
1129:Fredrich Wilhelm IV
1067:Peter Andreas Munch
1059:Pan-German ideology
914:First Schleswig War
867:First Schleswig War
580:First Schleswig War
228:revolutions of 1848
221:First Schleswig War
1601:Kingdom of Prussia
1467:Autumn Crisis 1850
1245:27 May: Battle at
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1238:2 May: Capture of
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737:harald's Rebellion
2126:Conflicts in 1851
2121:Conflicts in 1850
2116:Conflicts in 1849
2111:Conflicts in 1848
2026:SchlĂĽrmann, Jan.
2019:SchlĂĽrmann, Jan.
1904:Stenild, Jesper.
1763:SchlĂĽrmann, Jan.
1691:SchlĂĽrmann, Jan.
1623:) were joined by
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1176:Course of the war
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1769:the original
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49:Please help
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29:
2076:(in German)
2068:(in German)
1775:24 December
1703:24 December
1063:Jacob Grimm
1055:nationalism
1041:within the
991:World War I
618:Eckernförde
287:Territorial
105:introducing
2100:Categories
1947:Davis 2000
1892:Davis 2000
1875:Davis 2000
1860:Davis 2000
1848:Davis 2000
1819:Davis 2000
1804:Davis 2000
1675:References
1607:, and the
1455:Palmerston
1432:Fredericia
1240:Fredericia
1215:Dannevirke
1025:Background
946:) and the
884:WeserĂĽbung
653:Fredericia
648:Heligoland
244:Otto Bache
88:references
52:improve it
1750:163132775
1617:Lauenburg
1574:Lauenburg
1552:Flensburg
1538:Möhlhorst
1481:8 April:
1386:5 April:
1280:opposite
1222:Schleswig
1187:Flensborg
1166:Rendsburg
1079:Danevirke
976:Lauenburg
968:Schleswig
936:‹See Tfd›
919:‹See Tfd›
857:Stralsund
767:Bornhöved
598:Schleswig
331:Schleswig
268:Schleswig
164:talk page
58:talk page
2051:Archived
1648:See also
1518:Missunde
1473:nephew,
1251:28 May:
1247:Sundeved
1035:Holstein
1008:(of the
972:Holstein
343:Holstein
263:Location
158:You may
1994:(2005)
1916:17 July
1415:Jutland
1408:Kolding
1290:Gottorp
1282:Jutland
1274:Austria
1228:Mysunde
1208:Wrangel
1156:Trigger
1071:Jutland
960:Denmark
842:Hamburg
772:Gransee
757:Stellau
752:Waschow
673:Lottorf
628:Kolding
411:Denmark
382:Hanover
356:Prussia
289:changes
272:Jutland
101:improve
2009:
1996:online
1748:
1603:, the
1599:, the
1595:, the
1490:Berlin
1419:Vejlby
1401:Dybbøl
1370:crown.
1358:London
1259:Dybbøl
1234:Oversø
952:Danish
940:German
923:German
889:Safari
852:LĂĽbeck
732:Leuven
727:Asselt
643:Dybbøl
623:Dybbøl
613:Dybbøl
603:Oversø
462:France
459:
437:
427:Russia
408:
392:
379:
369:Saxony
366:
353:
317:
279:Result
246:(1894)
90:, but
1746:S2CID
1726:(PDF)
1504:Jagel
1397:Saxon
1096:King
782:Visby
762:Mölln
663:Jagel
658:Isted
638:Ă…rhus
633:Gudsø
608:Nybøl
166:, or
2007:ISBN
1918:2008
1777:2018
1705:2018
1562:1852
1545:1851
1443:1850
1364:1849
1261:Hill
1181:1848
1037:and
974:and
912:The
792:Ă…sle
270:and
255:Date
1784:sic
1738:doi
1278:Fyn
593:Bov
242:by
2102::
1972:.
1935:^
1882:^
1867:^
1826:^
1811:^
1794:^
1779:.
1744:.
1732:.
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1707:.
1683:^
1057:.
970:,
954::
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925::
61:.
2015:.
1976:.
1920:.
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1734:9
1554:.
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201:(
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111:(
97:.
68:)
64:(
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
