361:
349:
337:
325:
188:
140:
295:
283:
271:
251:
239:
227:
125:
307:
154:
203:
168:
46:
751:. Realising that the main Serbian fortifications in Aleksinac (on the eastern bank of the Morava) were too strong to breach, the Ottoman command sent the bulk of its forces on the western bank of the Morava, where Serbian fortifications were few and far between. So, on the western bank of the Morava, Ottoman forces successfully beat the Serbian army back in the
783:
to grant both Serbia and
Montenegro an armistice within 48 hours or face Russian military intervention. Such an armistice lasting for two months was granted on November 1, 1876 and subsequently extended until March 1, 1877, when a definitive peace treaty was signed between the Ottoman Empire and the
683:
on July 3. The
Serbian Eastern Army was immediately forced to go on defensive, and the Serbian High Command sent orders to the Serbian Army of the South, made up of 68,000 men to reinforce it, aborting the main Serbian offensive on the southern border, aimed on
582:
declared war on the
Ottoman Empire on 30 June 1876. A Serbian offensive to the South and the West was repulsed by Ottoman troops after just three weeks of fighting, upon which Turkey then invaded Serbia proper. Eastern
629:
population. However, local support for the
Serbian liberation from Ottoman rule was mostly absent: in all, no more than 3,000 Christian rebels joined the Serbian army, which was not enough to make the difference.
425:
747:, which was also the base of the main Serbian army, some 68,000 strong, with more than 100 pieces of artillery. So the first Ottoman attack on Aleksinac (on August 23) was soundly beaten back in the
418:
728:), which were already fortified and heavily defended by the Serbian eastern army. So the main Ottoman army (some 60,000 strong) had to attack from the south, from its base at
708:. However, the Ottoman eastern army was unable to push further into Serbia proper on the eastern front, due to the very rough and impassable mountain terrain of the eastern
1137:
411:
700:
After the
Ottoman victory in the battle of Veliki Izvor, the Serbian eastern and southern armies were pushed back (July 15-August 6), and the Ottoman forces took
625:
On July 2, 1876, all four major
Serbian armies crossed the border into the Ottoman territory, hoping to inspire massive popular uprisings of the local
435:
587:
was quickly occupied, but on the southern front the
Serbian army successfully stopped the Ottoman advance, defending the fortified positions around
20:
1076:
1049:
973:
968:. War and society in East Central Europe. Boulder, Colo. New York: Social science monographs Columbia university press. pp. 261–318.
767:
on
October 29, the last Serbian fortification on the western bank of the Morava, the Serbian southern front was effectively breached.
935:
900:
841:
717:
688:, after only a few days. However, Serbian attempt to push the Ottomans back on the eastern border was heavily defeated in the
598:
brokered a ceasefire in autumn of 1876 by threatening military intervention, and the
European Great Powers then organized the
353:
996:"David MacKenzie, The Serbs and Russian Pan-Slavism 1875-1878. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1967. Pages xx, 365. $ 10"
1147:
1142:
569:
365:
145:
760:
599:
494:
329:
508:
689:
667:
On the eastern border, another
Serbian army of about 25,000 troops invaded Ottoman Bulgaria and advanced on
554:
515:
461:
748:
608:
565:
521:
476:
294:
282:
270:
250:
238:
226:
130:
76:
657:
299:
739:
However, the Serbian southern border and the Morava Valley were defended by heavily fortified towns of
243:
756:
488:
764:
500:
37:
287:
788:. Serbia gained no territory, but was not forced to cede anything either or pay a war indemnity.
311:
207:
202:
1082:
1072:
1045:
1015:
969:
941:
931:
906:
896:
847:
837:
752:
721:
482:
231:
1007:
545:
527:
341:
275:
259:
820:Никола Гажевић, Војна енциклопедија 9, Војноиздавачки завод, Београд (1975), стр. 116-122
255:
1044:. The peoples of Europe (1. publ ed.). Malden, Mass.: Blackwell. pp. 223–225.
167:
776:
716:
the only route from there into the rest of Serbia was through but two mountain passes (
668:
661:
595:
573:
360:
348:
336:
324:
306:
192:
187:
16:
A conflict between the Ottoman Empire and the Principality of Serbia from 1876 to 1877
1131:
780:
733:
638:
713:
676:
675:
with 10,000 troops, who then went on the offensive into Serbian territory and took
403:
705:
45:
701:
680:
653:
626:
174:
161:
99:
1086:
1019:
804:
Actual fighting lasted abouth four months, between July 2nd and October 29th.
945:
910:
851:
740:
725:
642:
588:
1066:
925:
890:
831:
744:
171:
649:
603:
51:
664:, where it fought several defensive battles till the end of the war.
633:
On the western border, a Serbian army of about 20,000 men crossed the
995:
709:
584:
579:
158:
153:
1068:
The Balkans : nationalism, war, and the great powers, 1804-2012
1011:
729:
685:
930:. Radovan Samardžić, Živorad Stojković. Beograd: BIGZ. p. 61.
836:. Radovan Samardžić, Živorad Stojković. Beograd: BIGZ. p. 91.
648:
Further south, another Serbian army of about 11,500 men marched on
672:
634:
712:. In fact, although the Ottomans have successfully occupied the
1071:(New and updated ed.). Toronto: Anansi. pp. 120–134.
407:
927:
Sabrana dela Slobodana Jovanovića: Vlada Milana Obrenovića II
833:
Sabrana dela Slobodana Jovanovića: Vlada Milana Obrenovića II
1119:
Ward, A.W.; Prothero, G.W.; Leathes, Stanely, eds. (1920).
895:. Miodrag Racković. Beograd: Nolit. pp. 60–81, 113.
671:, but was quickly outmaneuvered by the Ottoman army from
966:
Insurrections, wars, and the Eastern crisis in the 1870s
606:. Peace was signed on 28 February 1877 on the basis of
559:
1099:
645:and retreated back to Serbia after several days.
784:Principality of Serbia. The treaty preserved the
775:It was at this point that the government of the
30:
419:
8:
67:(7 months, 4 weeks and 1 day)
1123:. Vol. 12. Cambridge University Press.
989:
987:
985:
876:Der Serbisch-Türkische Krieg im Jahre 1876
602:to settle the war and wider issues in the
426:
412:
404:
27:
878:. Wien: Bloch & Hasbach. p. 113.
564:), was a military conflict fought by the
779:intervened offering an ultimatum to the
797:
31:First Serbian–Ottoman War (1876–1877)
7:
959:
957:
955:
869:
867:
865:
863:
861:
816:
814:
812:
810:
964:Király, Béla; Stokes, Gale (1985).
994:Hitchins, Keith (September 1968).
19:For other Serbo-Ottoman wars, see
14:
1100:Ward, Prothero & Leathes 1920
21:List of Serbian–Ottoman conflicts
1138:Serbian–Turkish Wars (1876–1878)
656:, but was defeated in the first
437:Serbian–Ottoman Wars (1876–1878)
359:
347:
335:
323:
305:
293:
281:
269:
249:
237:
225:
201:
186:
166:
152:
138:
123:
44:
65:30 June 1876 – 28 February 1877
1:
1121:The Cambridge Modern History
924:Jovanović, Slobodan (1990).
830:Jovanović, Slobodan (1990).
892:Dnevnik jednoga dobrovoljca
560:
393:6,000 killed, 9,500 wounded
1164:
1040:Ćirković, Sima M. (2004).
591:for more than two months.
570:Principality of Montenegro
509:Second Serbian–Ottoman War
18:
660:and forced to retreat to
641:, but was unable to take
600:Constantinople Conference
549:
542:First Serbian–Ottoman War
449:First Serbian–Ottoman War
445:
387:
374:
215:
112:
95:Serbian political victory
57:
43:
35:
889:Todorović, Pera (1988).
763:(October 19). After the
92:Ottoman military victory
1065:Glenny, Misha (2012).
786:status quo ante bellum
690:battle of Veliki Izvor
609:status quo ante bellum
566:Principality of Serbia
561:Prvi srpsko-turski rat
550:Први српско-турски рат
216:Commanders and leaders
874:Mayers, Carl (1877).
388:Casualties and losses
383:153,000 with 192 guns
380:130,000 with 160 guns
38:Great Eastern Crisis
771:Ceasefire and Peace
749:Battle of Šumatovac
658:Battle of Kalipolje
616:Military operations
753:battles of Adrovac
637:river and invaded
312:Mikhail Chernyayev
1148:Conflicts in 1877
1143:Conflicts in 1876
1078:978-1-77089-273-6
1051:978-0-631-20471-8
975:978-0-88033-090-9
761:Veliki Šiljegovac
696:Ottoman offensive
621:Serbian offensive
558:
537:
536:
495:Veliki Šiljegovac
402:
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759:(October 1) and
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352:
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330:Abdülkerim Nadir
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288:Milojko Lešjanin
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755:(September 1),
698:
692:(July 6-11th).
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441:
436:
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432:
397:
370:
358:
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244:Đura Horvatović
236:
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200:
197:
185:
179:
151:
139:
137:
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124:
122:
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88:Mixed results:
79:
66:
49:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
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1159:
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1150:
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1102:, p. 386.
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1006:(3): 489–490.
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842:
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777:Russian Empire
772:
769:
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662:Javor mountain
622:
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617:
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596:Russian Empire
574:Ottoman Empire
535:
534:
532:
531:
525:
519:
505:
504:
498:
492:
486:
480:
470:Southern front
466:
465:
446:
443:
442:
433:
431:
430:
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416:
408:
400:
399:
398:6,000+ wounded
396:1,000+ killed,
394:
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354:Süleyman Hüsnü
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266:
246:
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232:František Zach
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193:Ottoman Empire
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1000:Slavic Review
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937:86-13-00435-0
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902:86-19-01613-X
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843:86-13-00435-0
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770:
768:
766:
765:fall of Đunis
762:
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754:
750:
746:
742:
737:
735:
734:Morava Valley
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727:
723:
719:
715:
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455:Eastern front
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410:
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300:Nićifor Dučić
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276:Ranko Alimpić
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60:
56:
53:
47:
42:
39:
34:
29:
26:
22:
1120:
1108:
1095:
1067:
1060:
1041:
1035:
1023:. Retrieved
1003:
999:
965:
926:
919:
891:
884:
875:
832:
825:
800:
785:
774:
738:
732:through the
718:Čestobrodica
714:Timok Valley
699:
677:Veliki Izvor
666:
647:
632:
624:
607:
593:
578:
572:against the
541:
539:
530: (1878)
524: (1877)
518: (1877)
507:
506:
503: (1876)
497: (1876)
491: (1876)
485: (1876)
479: (1876)
469:
468:
467:
464: (1876)
462:Veliki Izvor
454:
453:
452:
448:
447:
261:
256:Mihailo Ilić
113:Belligerents
98:
87:
36:Part of the
25:
722:Bovan Gorge
1132:Categories
1113:References
654:Novi Pazar
366:Mehmed Ali
342:Osman Nuri
175:Volunteers
162:Volunteers
146:Montenegro
100:Status quo
50:Battle of
1087:795624553
1042:The Serbs
1020:0037-6779
741:Aleksinac
726:Sokobanja
706:Knjaževac
643:Bijeljina
627:Christian
589:Aleksinac
555:romanized
477:Šumatovac
172:Bulgarian
946:22963111
911:31085371
852:22963111
745:Deligrad
568:and the
375:Strength
72:Location
702:Zaječar
681:Zaječar
650:Sjenica
604:Balkans
557::
546:Serbian
483:Adrovac
262:†
159:Russian
52:Moravac
1085:
1075:
1048:
1025:22 May
1018:
972:
944:
934:
909:
899:
850:
840:
757:Krevet
710:Serbia
639:Bosnia
585:Serbia
580:Serbia
528:Vranje
489:Krevet
258:
143:
131:Serbia
128:
84:Result
77:Serbia
792:Notes
781:Porte
724:near
679:near
673:Vidin
635:Drina
516:Pirot
501:Đunis
208:Egypt
1083:OCLC
1073:ISBN
1046:ISBN
1027:2023
1016:ISSN
970:ISBN
942:OCLC
932:ISBN
907:OCLC
897:ISBN
848:OCLC
838:ISBN
743:and
720:and
704:and
669:Kula
652:and
594:The
540:The
62:Date
1008:doi
730:Niš
686:Niš
576:.
522:Niš
1134::
1081:.
1014:.
1004:27
1002:.
998:.
984:^
954:^
940:.
905:.
860:^
846:.
809:^
736:.
612:.
552:,
548::
1089:.
1054:.
1029:.
1010::
978:.
948:.
913:.
854:.
544:(
427:e
420:t
413:v
23:.
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