968:
result, a fresh
Ottoman assault began. Meanwhile, Murad sent an envoy trying to convince Skanderbeg to capitulate by offering 10,000 crowns annually. Skanderbeg also refused replying: "Nay if Murad did divide with me and make me co-partner with all his empire, I would never suffer the name of Albania to be stained and blemished with this blot of disgrace and infamy." The assault continued, and the Albanian positions seemed desperate. On October 14, Skanderbeg offered Krujë to the Venetians, threatening to capitulate the fortress to the Turks if they did not accept it. After Murad lifted the siege on October 26, because of the arriving winter, the Venetians replied to Skanderbeg's offer rejecting it and offered to help Skanderbeg to harmonize his relationship with Ottomans.
914:
scouting patrol towards the surrounding mountains to watch for an attack. Skanderbeg still managed to lead, at dusk, a raid on the
Turkish encampment, killing several hundred men, capturing and destroying Turkish supplies, and almost losing his own life. When Skanderbeg returned to his men, his "shield was so battered that its shape was scarce to be discerned." The raid cost Skanderbeg ten dead and even more wounded. The assault continued, however, with the guns sounding from time to time. The defenders were not facing great difficulty, however. Sixty of them sallied forth to do whatever damage they could, and those at the walls repelled all attempts to enter. The main weight of the attack had come from the Tirana side, where the Turkish losses had been heavy.
897:
150:
923:
797:, and other Europeans held the fortress while Scanderbeg attacked the Ottoman camp from outside. After the Ottomans poisoned the wells, a group of defenders decided to open the gates and let the Turks in, thus giving control of the fortress to the Ottomans. The Sultan retired from Albania, and Skanderbeg laid siege to Svetigrad on September 23, 1448. After several failed assaults, Skanderbeg lifted the siege and retreated. In early 1450,
868:
2732:
977:
884:
400 pounds and another 200 pounds. Despite the firepower, the
Turkish firing positions were at a disadvantage, since Krujë "was almost part of the mountain which it had been built." The cannons could fire two or three times a day and were not accurate. Two large and four smaller guns were placed on the
937:
feigned an attack with about 500 horsemen: the alarm was given, and the Turks prepared for his attack. Meanwhile, Skanderbeg and his forces moved around the camp and broke in where least expected. Before an organized counterattack could be made, Skanderbeg retreated from the camp. The attacks made by
1038:
According to legend, one night during the siege, Skanderbeg sent out a herd of goats with a candle on each of the goats' horns. The encamped Turks believed it to be an
Albanian attack and made a movement against the herd. When the Turks advanced far enough, Skanderbeg launched an attack against the
958:
raised a couple thousand more, and the force was split between the three, making attacks on the
Turkish camp easier. Skanderbeg began to move towards the camp as the Turks had assembled 8,000 men, which began to move towards him. Skanderbeg slowly retired while Moisi and Tanush broke into the camp.
967:
After Vrana had returned to the castle, a pasha was chosen to have a conference with Vrana, bringing him many rich presents. The pasha tried to convince the count that Murad would be a more suitable master than
Skanderbeg was and that the siege was almost over, but Vrana refused to surrender. As a
883:
Murad reached Krujë on May 14 with approximately 100,000 of his best soldiers (60,000 of which was cavalry). Murad proposed to Vrana that he should hand over the fortress, but Vrana refused. After receiving the refusal, Murad set his army to cast ten cannons, one of which could fire rocks weighing
932:
When the second assault began, the Turks tried to break through the gate with their lances. After heavy casualties, the attackers retreated, and Murad held for the next two days a council of all his generals. An immediate precaution was to guard the camp against another surprise attack, which was
70:
between 1448 and 1450. Nevertheless, Skanderbeg's exhortations and the support of the clergy, who claimed to have had visions of angels and victory, motivated the
Albanians to defend the capital of the League, Krujë, at all costs. After leaving a protective garrison of 4,000 men under his trusted
913:
Murad fired on Krujë for four days until a breach was finally made. The Sultan believed that he had the advantage and ordered his troops through the walls. The garrison managed to push the assault back, thus gaining time to repair the walls. Murad, fearing a counterattack from
Skanderbeg, sent a
843:
Before the siege began, Skanderbeg exited Krujë with 8,000 men—among whom were many Slavs, Italians, Frenchmen, and
Germans. 2,000 of these were infantry and 6,000 were cavalry. Skanderbeg found Mount Tumenishta (now known as Mount Skënderbeu) to be a suitable position from which to attack the
998:
in 1451. Murad began to retire from
Albania out of fear of losing even more men from the Albanian winter, However, the retreat itself caused the loss of thousands of Ottoman troops due to attacks from local Albanian militias. Skanderbeg was at the end of his resources. He traveled to
822:
The morale of the Albanians sank after the losses in the previous years. When the Turks began marching towards Krujë on April 5, 1450, the people claimed to have seen cherubims and angels flying over Albania. Skanderbeg himself claimed that he had received a vision of
959:
The Turkish force sent against Skanderbeg was lured towards the foothills, and the next morning (July 25), they were surrounded and completely destroyed. The next day, Skanderbeg was seen above the rocks of Krujë, in conference with Vrana Konti, surprising Murad.
949:
from the Turks forced them to call off the assault. The Ottomans then attempted to mine the fortress but could not succeed since the fortress had been built on rock. Since the food supplies were beginning to run out, the Turks received provisions from
86:'s army. By September, the Ottoman camp was in disarray as morale sank and disease ran rampant. The Ottoman army acknowledged that the castle of Krujë would not fall by strength of arms, lifted the siege, and made its way to
326:
938:
Skanderbeg caused the Turks to aim some of their cannons towards the expected guerrilla forces instead of the fortress. A large force of Turkish cavalry was sent out, which Skanderbeg followed up to the mouth of the
860:, to whom he emphasized the importance of the siege and also ordered them to their positions. Krujë had enough supplies for a sixteen-month siege. The women and children of Krujë were sent for protection to
1039:
force, destroying it. After the siege was lifted, Skanderbeg commemorated his victory by designing a helmet with the head of a goat on it, as a reference to his "ingenious tactics" used that night.
319:
1848:
1007:. Through financial assistance, Skanderbeg managed to hold Krujë and regain much of his territory. Skanderbeg's success brought praise from all over Europe and ambassadors were sent to him from
1180:
Significatis domino comitis comune quisto anno passato lo Imperatore Turchio con quartocento milia turchi si anno tenuto obisdiati una Tera la quale se clama Croya delle petrinecie de Albania
1175:
954:, as did the Albanians. The Turkish attacks had made no headway, and the Ottoman army had lost many dead or wounded, whereas Skanderbeg's force had lost 1,000 men thus far. Moisi Golemi and
312:
789:) on May 14, 1448, with a force of 80,000 men. Svetigrad was an important strategic point since it controlled the routes from Macedonia into Albania. The small garrison, composed of
2606:
1622:
1050:, a prominent Albanian poet, wrote of how the siege of Krujë had saved Europe from Ottoman invasion. Today, Albanians take pride in the actions performed during the siege. The
2568:
1841:
2781:
1834:
141:
2265:
1904:
2314:
1966:
530:
523:
519:
2601:
2596:
2591:
2586:
2581:
2576:
1816:
1792:
1754:
1726:
1705:
1684:
1660:
1251:
149:
896:
2272:
2756:
2632:
1897:
605:
598:
591:
587:
2766:
2611:
1892:
1176:"AKTI DIPLOMATIK I VITIT 1451 I DALUR NGA KANCELARIA E SKENDERBUT- JO AUTOGRAF – SI BURIM I RËNDËSISHËM PËR DIPLOMACINË E SKENDERBEUT"
702:
102:
28:
2192:
658:
1636:
2227:
1909:
1865:
63:
2304:
427:
2786:
2309:
2260:
759:
1971:
1956:
649:
642:
638:
2022:
1961:
2761:
1055:
2679:
2250:
2148:
2037:
579:
2771:
2553:
2128:
933:
responded to by placing a force of men under the command of Prince Mehmed, where the first attack had taken place.
1946:
835:)." This speech, along with many other visions of the clergy, raised Albanians' morale, motivating them to fight.
686:
2339:
2334:
2234:
2027:
1887:
1646:
828:
776:
630:
495:
463:
453:
443:
945:
While Skanderbeg had been away, a large Ottoman assault was made on Krujë from the Tirana side, but inadvertent
2776:
2735:
2616:
1914:
786:
2202:
2197:
736:
666:
2536:
2531:
2217:
2087:
2062:
2057:
2047:
1939:
1929:
1924:
1919:
728:
555:
503:
2344:
2118:
2032:
1976:
1697:
Dictionary of Battles and Sieges: A Guide to 8,500 Battles from Antiquity Through the Twenty-first Century
806:
479:
435:
411:
2691:
2637:
2209:
1951:
547:
387:
2133:
2713:
2698:
2642:
2321:
2299:
2143:
2108:
2067:
934:
487:
2708:
2659:
2456:
2416:
2163:
2123:
2113:
1060:
1024:
2703:
2686:
2654:
2466:
2461:
2421:
2406:
2356:
2082:
1992:
1934:
1000:
980:
951:
864:, whereas the others were ordered to burn their crops and move into the mountains and fortresses.
563:
471:
2294:
2138:
2002:
201:
90:. Soon thereafter, in the winter of 1450–51, Murad died in Edirne and was succeeded by his son,
55:
2476:
2451:
2441:
2431:
2411:
2168:
2153:
2017:
1812:
1788:
1750:
1722:
1701:
1680:
1656:
1632:
1051:
1020:
1016:
1012:
872:
346:
2501:
2486:
2436:
2222:
2092:
2042:
2012:
2007:
1997:
1592:
1047:
922:
744:
622:
371:
994:
claims that Murad died of disease under the fortress of Krujë, but Murad, in fact, died in
2647:
2558:
2548:
2506:
2471:
2446:
2394:
2371:
2326:
2077:
2072:
2052:
1032:
1028:
1004:
614:
539:
395:
363:
80:
79:), Skanderbeg harassed the Ottoman camps around Krujë and attacked the supply caravans of
1768:
867:
2669:
2541:
2496:
2491:
2399:
2158:
1778:
1736:
1670:
939:
861:
802:
206:
39:
2750:
1826:
1802:
1764:
1746:
1537:
1065:
991:
955:
946:
857:
571:
419:
403:
379:
17:
2282:
926:
832:
694:
1806:
1782:
1740:
1716:
1695:
1674:
1650:
304:
976:
901:
845:
228:
72:
2351:
824:
794:
222:
76:
59:
990:
The siege cost 20,000 Ottoman casualties and over 1,000 Albanian casualties.
117:
104:
2674:
2664:
2366:
2287:
2277:
2255:
790:
246:
91:
47:
844:
Ottomans. Krujë was left with a garrison of 4,000 men under the command of
720:
853:
782:
240:
175:
83:
51:
43:
1631:] (in Albanian). Translated by Aliaj, Tasim. Tirana: Naim Frashëri.
785:
laid siege to the fortress of Svetigrad (which is thought to be today's
849:
27:
This article is about the first siege of Krujë. For other events, see
2361:
995:
984:
885:
87:
1054:, in Krujë, has many commemorations to the siege and the 1953 film
266:
1,500 to 4,000 garrisoned in Krujë under the command of Vrana Konti
975:
921:
895:
798:
355:
67:
1008:
1830:
781:
After several failed invasions of Albania by Ottoman captains,
308:
1679:. Vol. II. Philadelphia: American Philosophical Society.
1534:
Historia de vita et gestis Scanderbegi Epirotarum principis
888:
side, and the remainder were aimed at the main gateway.
1749:. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press.
1811:. Translated by Bellos, David. New York: Canongate.
1784:
The Later Crusades, 1274-1580: From Lyons to Alcazar
1718:
The Great Cauldron: A History of Southeastern Europe
2625:
2567:
2524:
2517:
2384:
2243:
2177:
2101:
1985:
1880:
1873:
1770:
History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire
1003:, urging for assistance, and the Ragusans informed
1773:. Vol. VI. New York: P. F. Collier & Son.
297:Many more casualties as Murad escaped from Albania
1787:. Vol. VI. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
1652:Scanderbeg: From Ottoman Captive to Albanian Hero
1058:stages the siege. It is the setting of the novel
1621:Francione, Gennaro (2006). Aliaj, Donika (ed.).
1493:
1491:
1451:
1449:
1031:, gaining much needed men and supplies from the
1624:Skënderbeu, një hero modern: (Hero multimedial)
1217:
1215:
1213:
1211:
1209:
1128:
1126:
1124:
134:
1478:
1476:
1842:
1250:harvnb error: no target: CITEREFJacques2006 (
1196:
1194:
1192:
1190:
1188:
1157:
1155:
1153:
1099:
1097:
1095:
1093:
320:
154:The first siege of Krujë by Jost Amman (1578)
8:
1548:
1546:
1412:
1410:
1373:
1371:
1369:
1629:Skanderbeg, a modern hero (Hero multimedia)
871:Mount Tumenishta (Skënderbeu) as seen from
263:8,000 men, a quarter of which was infantry;
2612:Ottoman – Albanian nobility
2521:
1877:
1849:
1835:
1827:
1509:
1497:
1455:
1440:
1428:
1401:
1300:
1288:
1233:
1221:
1132:
1115:
831:to "destroy the enemies of true religion (
327:
313:
305:
131:
2266:Massacres of Albanians in the Balkan Wars
1564:
1521:
1482:
1467:
1360:
1348:
1336:
1324:
1312:
1276:
1264:
1200:
1161:
1103:
294:20,000–40,000 casualties during the siege
1700:. Westport: Greenwood Publishing Group.
1389:
866:
1721:. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
1655:. London: Centre for Albanian Studies.
1552:
1245:
1077:
1604:
1576:
1416:
1377:
1144:
848:. Vrana had under his command several
839:Albanian dispositions and preparations
62:, experienced low morale after losing
50:tried to besiege the Albanian town of
1084:
1023:. Skanderbeg then became a vassal of
879:Ottoman dispositions and preparations
7:
1676:The Papacy and the Levant, 1204-1571
712:Resistance until the Fall of Shkodra
2782:Sieges involving the Ottoman Empire
1739:(1978). Hickman, William C. (ed.).
942:, until they turned back to Krujë.
1857:Albanians under the Ottoman Empire
25:
1742:Mehmed the Conqueror and His Time
142:Albanian–Ottoman Wars (1432–1479)
2731:
2730:
818:Albanian morale before the siege
805:through a night attack, causing
771:Campaigns of 1448 and early 1450
148:
336:Medieval Albanian–Ottoman Wars
1:
1962:Massacre of the Albanian Beys
809:to desert Skandebeg's cause.
801:was captured by the pasha of
1715:Calic, Marie-Janine (2019).
1056:The Great Warrior Skanderbeg
1027:, on March 26, 1451, by the
345:Early Ottoman invasions and
166:14 May 1450–23 November 1450
2273:Declaration of Independence
2803:
2757:1450 in the Ottoman Empire
774:
639:Ballaban's fourth Campaign
520:Mehmed II's first Campaign
26:
2767:Battles involving Albania
2726:
1977:Mustafa Pasha's Rebellion
1862:
862:Venetian possessed cities
777:Siege of Svetigrad (1448)
756:
677:Contemporaneous Campaigns
342:
283:
255:
212:
195:
158:
147:
139:
38:occurred in 1450 when an
2228:1912 – 13
2223:1478 – 79
2203:1477 – 78
2193:1466 – 67
1915:1843 – 44
1910:1432 – 36
1174:Ahmeti, Prof. Dr. Musa.
2633:Bosnia and Herzegovina
1888:Skanderbeg's rebellion
1589:Histori' e Skënderbeut
987:
929:
905:
875:
760:Wars involving Albania
454:Skanderbeg's Rebellion
213:Commanders and leaders
2787:Warfare by Skanderbeg
1952:Ali Pasha's Rebellion
1947:Albanian–Venetian War
1694:Jaques, Tony (2006).
1671:Setton, Kenneth Meyer
979:
925:
899:
870:
775:Further information:
284:Casualties and losses
46:and his crown prince
2322:Partition of Albania
2251:Albanian Renaissance
1967:Mehmed II's campaign
935:Moisi Arianit Golemi
927:Moisi Arianit Golemi
380:Bayezid I's Campaign
135:First siege of Krujë
97:First siege of Krujë
36:first siege of Krujë
18:First Siege of Krujë
2762:Angelic apparitions
1957:Ballaban's campaign
1898:Macedonian campaign
1064:by Albanian writer
981:Skanderbeg's helmet
695:Dukagjini Civil War
588:Macedonian Campaign
114: /
42:army led by Sultan
1893:Italian expedition
988:
930:
906:
876:
703:Italian Expedition
2772:Conflicts in 1450
2744:
2743:
2722:
2721:
2380:
2379:
1818:978-0-8021-4475-1
1794:978-0-19-822136-4
1756:978-0-691-01078-6
1728:978-0-674-98392-2
1707:978-0-313-33536-5
1686:978-0-87169-127-9
1662:978-1-873928-13-4
1647:Hodgkinson, Harry
1052:Skanderbeg Museum
767:
766:
749:
741:
733:
725:
716:
707:
699:
691:
682:
671:
663:
654:
647:
635:
627:
619:
610:
603:
596:
584:
576:
568:
560:
552:
544:
535:
528:
516:
508:
500:
492:
484:
476:
468:
459:
448:
440:
432:
424:
416:
408:
400:
392:
384:
376:
368:
360:
352:
303:
302:
191:
190:
118:41.517°N 19.800°E
16:(Redirected from
2794:
2734:
2733:
2522:
1905:Albanian revolts
1878:
1851:
1844:
1837:
1828:
1822:
1798:
1774:
1760:
1745:. Translated by
1732:
1711:
1690:
1666:
1642:
1607:
1602:
1596:
1586:
1580:
1574:
1568:
1562:
1556:
1550:
1541:
1531:
1525:
1519:
1513:
1507:
1501:
1495:
1486:
1480:
1471:
1465:
1459:
1453:
1444:
1438:
1432:
1426:
1420:
1414:
1405:
1399:
1393:
1387:
1381:
1375:
1364:
1358:
1352:
1346:
1340:
1339:, pp. 82–83
1334:
1328:
1322:
1316:
1310:
1304:
1298:
1292:
1286:
1280:
1274:
1268:
1262:
1256:
1255:
1243:
1237:
1231:
1225:
1219:
1204:
1198:
1183:
1182:
1171:
1165:
1159:
1148:
1142:
1136:
1130:
1119:
1113:
1107:
1101:
1088:
1082:
747:
739:
731:
723:
714:
705:
697:
689:
680:
669:
661:
652:
645:
633:
625:
617:
608:
601:
594:
582:
574:
566:
558:
550:
542:
533:
526:
514:
506:
498:
490:
482:
474:
466:
457:
446:
438:
430:
422:
414:
406:
398:
390:
382:
374:
366:
358:
350:
337:
329:
322:
315:
306:
289:1,000 casualties
187:Albanian victory
160:
159:
152:
132:
129:
128:
126:
125:
124:
119:
115:
112:
111:
110:
107:
21:
2802:
2801:
2797:
2796:
2795:
2793:
2792:
2791:
2777:Ottoman Albania
2747:
2746:
2745:
2740:
2718:
2621:
2563:
2513:
2376:
2372:Vithkuqi script
2357:Skanderbeg myth
2331:Principalities
2315:North Macedonia
2239:
2173:
2097:
1981:
1869:
1858:
1855:
1825:
1819:
1801:
1795:
1779:Housley, Norman
1777:
1763:
1757:
1737:Babinger, Franz
1735:
1729:
1714:
1708:
1693:
1687:
1669:
1663:
1645:
1639:
1620:
1616:
1611:
1610:
1603:
1599:
1587:
1583:
1575:
1571:
1563:
1559:
1551:
1544:
1532:
1528:
1520:
1516:
1510:Hodgkinson 1999
1508:
1504:
1498:Hodgkinson 1999
1496:
1489:
1481:
1474:
1466:
1462:
1456:Hodgkinson 1999
1454:
1447:
1441:Hodgkinson 1999
1439:
1435:
1429:Hodgkinson 1999
1427:
1423:
1415:
1408:
1402:Hodgkinson 1999
1400:
1396:
1388:
1384:
1376:
1367:
1359:
1355:
1347:
1343:
1335:
1331:
1323:
1319:
1311:
1307:
1301:Hodgkinson 1999
1299:
1295:
1289:Hodgkinson 1999
1287:
1283:
1275:
1271:
1263:
1259:
1249:
1244:
1240:
1234:Hodgkinson 1999
1232:
1228:
1222:Hodgkinson 1999
1220:
1207:
1199:
1186:
1173:
1172:
1168:
1160:
1151:
1143:
1139:
1133:Hodgkinson 1999
1131:
1122:
1116:Hodgkinson 1999
1114:
1110:
1102:
1091:
1083:
1079:
1074:
1045:
1033:crown of Aragon
1029:Treaty of Gaeta
1005:Pope Nicholas V
974:
965:
920:
911:
894:
881:
841:
820:
815:
779:
773:
768:
763:
752:
444:Arianiti Revolt
428:Albanian Revolt
338:
335:
333:
272:100,000–400,000
251:
233:
202:League of Lezhë
179:
153:
122:
120:
116:
113:
108:
105:
103:
101:
100:
98:
75:(also known as
56:League of Lezhë
32:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2800:
2798:
2790:
2789:
2784:
2779:
2774:
2769:
2764:
2759:
2749:
2748:
2742:
2741:
2739:
2738:
2727:
2724:
2723:
2720:
2719:
2717:
2716:
2711:
2706:
2701:
2696:
2695:
2694:
2684:
2683:
2682:
2680:Western Thrace
2677:
2672:
2667:
2657:
2652:
2651:
2650:
2640:
2635:
2629:
2627:
2623:
2622:
2620:
2619:
2614:
2609:
2604:
2599:
2594:
2589:
2584:
2579:
2573:
2571:
2565:
2564:
2562:
2561:
2556:
2551:
2546:
2545:
2544:
2534:
2528:
2526:
2519:
2515:
2514:
2512:
2511:
2510:
2509:
2504:
2499:
2494:
2489:
2481:
2480:
2479:
2474:
2469:
2464:
2459:
2454:
2449:
2444:
2439:
2434:
2426:
2425:
2424:
2419:
2414:
2404:
2403:
2402:
2397:
2388:
2386:
2382:
2381:
2378:
2377:
2375:
2374:
2369:
2364:
2359:
2354:
2349:
2348:
2347:
2342:
2337:
2329:
2324:
2319:
2318:
2317:
2312:
2307:
2297:
2292:
2291:
2290:
2285:
2275:
2270:
2269:
2268:
2258:
2253:
2247:
2245:
2241:
2240:
2238:
2237:
2232:
2231:
2230:
2225:
2220:
2212:
2207:
2206:
2205:
2200:
2195:
2190:
2181:
2179:
2175:
2174:
2172:
2171:
2166:
2161:
2156:
2151:
2146:
2141:
2136:
2131:
2126:
2121:
2116:
2111:
2105:
2103:
2099:
2098:
2096:
2095:
2090:
2085:
2080:
2075:
2070:
2065:
2060:
2055:
2050:
2045:
2040:
2035:
2030:
2025:
2020:
2015:
2010:
2005:
2000:
1995:
1989:
1987:
1983:
1982:
1980:
1979:
1974:
1969:
1964:
1959:
1954:
1949:
1944:
1943:
1942:
1937:
1932:
1927:
1922:
1917:
1912:
1902:
1901:
1900:
1895:
1884:
1882:
1875:
1871:
1870:
1863:
1860:
1859:
1856:
1854:
1853:
1846:
1839:
1831:
1824:
1823:
1817:
1803:Kadare, Ismail
1799:
1793:
1775:
1765:Gibbon, Edward
1761:
1755:
1747:Manheim, Ralph
1733:
1727:
1712:
1706:
1691:
1685:
1667:
1661:
1643:
1637:
1617:
1615:
1612:
1609:
1608:
1597:
1581:
1569:
1565:Francione 2006
1557:
1542:
1526:
1522:Francione 2006
1514:
1502:
1487:
1483:Francione 2006
1472:
1468:Francione 2006
1460:
1445:
1433:
1421:
1406:
1394:
1382:
1365:
1361:Francione 2006
1353:
1349:Francione 2006
1341:
1337:Francione 2006
1329:
1325:Francione 2006
1317:
1313:Francione 2006
1305:
1293:
1281:
1277:Francione 2006
1269:
1265:Francione 2006
1257:
1238:
1226:
1205:
1201:Francione 2006
1184:
1166:
1162:Francione 2006
1149:
1137:
1120:
1108:
1104:Francione 2006
1089:
1076:
1075:
1073:
1070:
1044:
1041:
983:on display in
973:
970:
964:
961:
919:
916:
910:
907:
904:during a siege
893:
890:
880:
877:
840:
837:
827:handing him a
819:
816:
814:
811:
807:Gjergj Arianit
772:
769:
765:
764:
757:
754:
753:
751:
750:
742:
734:
726:
709:
708:
700:
692:
673:
672:
664:
656:
636:
628:
620:
612:
585:
577:
569:
561:
553:
545:
537:
517:
509:
501:
493:
485:
477:
469:
450:
449:
441:
433:
425:
417:
409:
401:
393:
385:
377:
369:
361:
343:
340:
339:
334:
332:
331:
324:
317:
309:
301:
300:
299:
298:
295:
290:
286:
285:
281:
280:
279:
276:
273:
269:
268:
267:
264:
258:
257:
253:
252:
250:
249:
244:
236:
234:
232:
231:
226:
218:
215:
214:
210:
209:
207:Ottoman Empire
204:
198:
197:
193:
192:
189:
188:
185:
181:
180:
174:
172:
168:
167:
164:
156:
155:
145:
144:
137:
136:
123:41.517; 19.800
96:
29:Siege of Krujë
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2799:
2788:
2785:
2783:
2780:
2778:
2775:
2773:
2770:
2768:
2765:
2763:
2760:
2758:
2755:
2754:
2752:
2737:
2729:
2728:
2725:
2715:
2712:
2710:
2707:
2705:
2702:
2700:
2697:
2693:
2690:
2689:
2688:
2685:
2681:
2678:
2676:
2673:
2671:
2668:
2666:
2663:
2662:
2661:
2658:
2656:
2653:
2649:
2646:
2645:
2644:
2641:
2639:
2636:
2634:
2631:
2630:
2628:
2624:
2618:
2615:
2613:
2610:
2608:
2607:Grand Viziers
2605:
2603:
2600:
2598:
2595:
2593:
2590:
2588:
2585:
2583:
2580:
2578:
2575:
2574:
2572:
2570:
2566:
2560:
2557:
2555:
2552:
2550:
2547:
2543:
2540:
2539:
2538:
2535:
2533:
2530:
2529:
2527:
2523:
2520:
2516:
2508:
2505:
2503:
2500:
2498:
2495:
2493:
2490:
2488:
2485:
2484:
2482:
2478:
2475:
2473:
2470:
2468:
2465:
2463:
2460:
2458:
2455:
2453:
2450:
2448:
2445:
2443:
2440:
2438:
2435:
2433:
2430:
2429:
2427:
2423:
2420:
2418:
2415:
2413:
2410:
2409:
2408:
2405:
2401:
2398:
2396:
2393:
2392:
2390:
2389:
2387:
2383:
2373:
2370:
2368:
2365:
2363:
2360:
2358:
2355:
2353:
2350:
2346:
2343:
2341:
2338:
2336:
2333:
2332:
2330:
2328:
2325:
2323:
2320:
2316:
2313:
2311:
2308:
2306:
2303:
2302:
2301:
2298:
2296:
2293:
2289:
2286:
2284:
2281:
2280:
2279:
2276:
2274:
2271:
2267:
2264:
2263:
2262:
2259:
2257:
2254:
2252:
2249:
2248:
2246:
2242:
2236:
2233:
2229:
2226:
2224:
2221:
2219:
2216:
2215:
2213:
2211:
2208:
2204:
2201:
2199:
2196:
2194:
2191:
2189:
2186:
2185:
2183:
2182:
2180:
2176:
2170:
2167:
2165:
2162:
2160:
2157:
2155:
2152:
2150:
2147:
2145:
2142:
2140:
2137:
2135:
2132:
2130:
2127:
2125:
2122:
2120:
2117:
2115:
2112:
2110:
2107:
2106:
2104:
2102:Congregations
2100:
2094:
2091:
2089:
2086:
2084:
2081:
2079:
2076:
2074:
2071:
2069:
2066:
2064:
2061:
2059:
2056:
2054:
2051:
2049:
2046:
2044:
2041:
2039:
2036:
2034:
2031:
2029:
2026:
2024:
2021:
2019:
2016:
2014:
2011:
2009:
2006:
2004:
2001:
1999:
1996:
1994:
1991:
1990:
1988:
1984:
1978:
1975:
1973:
1970:
1968:
1965:
1963:
1960:
1958:
1955:
1953:
1950:
1948:
1945:
1941:
1938:
1936:
1933:
1931:
1928:
1926:
1923:
1921:
1918:
1916:
1913:
1911:
1908:
1907:
1906:
1903:
1899:
1896:
1894:
1891:
1890:
1889:
1886:
1885:
1883:
1879:
1876:
1872:
1868:
1867:
1861:
1852:
1847:
1845:
1840:
1838:
1833:
1832:
1829:
1820:
1814:
1810:
1809:
1804:
1800:
1796:
1790:
1786:
1785:
1780:
1776:
1772:
1771:
1766:
1762:
1758:
1752:
1748:
1744:
1743:
1738:
1734:
1730:
1724:
1720:
1719:
1713:
1709:
1703:
1699:
1698:
1692:
1688:
1682:
1678:
1677:
1672:
1668:
1664:
1658:
1654:
1653:
1648:
1644:
1640:
1638:99927-38-75-8
1634:
1630:
1626:
1625:
1619:
1618:
1613:
1606:
1601:
1598:
1594:
1593:Naim Frashëri
1590:
1585:
1582:
1579:, p. 102
1578:
1573:
1570:
1566:
1561:
1558:
1554:
1549:
1547:
1543:
1539:
1538:Marin Barleti
1535:
1530:
1527:
1523:
1518:
1515:
1512:, p. 114
1511:
1506:
1503:
1500:, p. 113
1499:
1494:
1492:
1488:
1484:
1479:
1477:
1473:
1469:
1464:
1461:
1458:, p. 112
1457:
1452:
1450:
1446:
1443:, p. 111
1442:
1437:
1434:
1431:, p. 110
1430:
1425:
1422:
1419:, p. 465
1418:
1413:
1411:
1407:
1404:, p. 108
1403:
1398:
1395:
1391:
1390:Babinger 1978
1386:
1383:
1380:, p. 101
1379:
1374:
1372:
1370:
1366:
1362:
1357:
1354:
1350:
1345:
1342:
1338:
1333:
1330:
1326:
1321:
1318:
1314:
1309:
1306:
1303:, p. 102
1302:
1297:
1294:
1290:
1285:
1282:
1278:
1273:
1270:
1266:
1261:
1258:
1253:
1248:, p. 548
1247:
1242:
1239:
1236:, p. 112
1235:
1230:
1227:
1224:, p. 109
1223:
1218:
1216:
1214:
1212:
1210:
1206:
1202:
1197:
1195:
1193:
1191:
1189:
1185:
1181:
1177:
1170:
1167:
1163:
1158:
1156:
1154:
1150:
1147:, p. 100
1146:
1141:
1138:
1135:, p. 107
1134:
1129:
1127:
1125:
1121:
1118:, p. 115
1117:
1112:
1109:
1105:
1100:
1098:
1096:
1094:
1090:
1086:
1081:
1078:
1071:
1069:
1067:
1066:Ismail Kadare
1063:
1062:
1057:
1053:
1049:
1048:Naim Frashëri
1042:
1040:
1036:
1034:
1030:
1026:
1022:
1018:
1014:
1010:
1006:
1002:
997:
993:
992:Marin Barleti
986:
982:
978:
971:
969:
962:
960:
957:
956:Tanush Thopia
953:
948:
947:friendly fire
943:
941:
936:
928:
924:
917:
915:
908:
903:
898:
891:
889:
887:
878:
874:
869:
865:
863:
859:
855:
851:
847:
838:
836:
834:
830:
829:flaming sword
826:
817:
812:
810:
808:
804:
800:
796:
792:
788:
784:
778:
770:
762:
761:
755:
746:
743:
738:
735:
730:
727:
722:
719:
718:
717:
713:
704:
701:
696:
693:
688:
685:
684:
683:
679:
678:
668:
665:
660:
657:
651:
644:
640:
637:
632:
629:
624:
621:
616:
613:
607:
600:
593:
589:
586:
581:
578:
573:
570:
565:
562:
557:
554:
549:
546:
541:
538:
532:
525:
521:
518:
513:
510:
505:
502:
497:
494:
489:
486:
481:
478:
473:
470:
465:
462:
461:
460:
456:
455:
445:
442:
437:
436:Muzaka Revolt
434:
429:
426:
421:
420:Kastrioti War
418:
413:
410:
405:
402:
397:
394:
389:
386:
381:
378:
373:
370:
365:
362:
357:
354:
353:
349:
348:
341:
330:
325:
323:
318:
316:
311:
310:
307:
296:
293:
292:
291:
288:
287:
282:
278:10–30 cannons
277:
274:
271:
270:
265:
262:
261:
260:
259:
254:
248:
247:Prince Mehmed
245:
243:
242:
238:
237:
235:
230:
227:
225:
224:
220:
219:
217:
216:
211:
208:
205:
203:
200:
199:
194:
186:
183:
182:
177:
173:
170:
169:
165:
162:
161:
157:
151:
146:
143:
138:
133:
130:
127:
95:
93:
89:
85:
82:
78:
74:
69:
65:
61:
57:
53:
49:
45:
41:
37:
30:
19:
2602:20th century
2597:19th century
2592:18th century
2587:17th century
2582:16th century
2577:15th century
2537:Islamization
2295:Mësonjëtorja
2283:Bashi-Bazouk
2244:Other events
2187:
1972:Morea revolt
1864:
1807:
1783:
1769:
1741:
1717:
1696:
1675:
1651:
1628:
1623:
1600:
1588:
1584:
1572:
1567:, p. 93
1560:
1555:, p. 90
1553:Housley 1992
1533:
1529:
1524:, p. 92
1517:
1505:
1485:, p. 90
1470:, p. 91
1463:
1436:
1424:
1397:
1392:, p. 60
1385:
1363:, p. 86
1356:
1351:, p. 85
1344:
1332:
1327:, p. 81
1320:
1315:, p. 80
1308:
1296:
1291:, p. 95
1284:
1279:, p. 77
1272:
1267:, p. 94
1260:
1246:Jacques 2006
1241:
1229:
1203:, p. 89
1179:
1169:
1164:, p. 87
1140:
1111:
1106:, p. 88
1087:, p. 57
1080:
1059:
1046:
1037:
989:
966:
944:
931:
918:Second phase
912:
882:
842:
833:Christianity
821:
780:
758:
711:
710:
687:Venetian War
676:
675:
674:
511:
452:
451:
396:Zenevisi War
344:
239:
221:
196:Belligerents
140:Part of the
99:
35:
33:
2626:Communities
2300:Nationalism
2261:Balkan Wars
2149:Manastir II
1605:Kadare 2010
1577:Setton 1978
1417:Gibbon 1957
1378:Setton 1978
1145:Setton 1978
963:Final phase
940:Ishëm River
909:First phase
902:Janissaries
873:Fushë-Krujë
846:Vrana Konti
803:Gjirokastër
787:Demir Hisar
715:(1468–1479)
681:(1447–1462)
458:(1443–1468)
351:(1385–1443)
229:Vrana Konti
121: /
73:Vrana Konti
71:lieutenant
2751:Categories
2542:Bektashism
2352:Rum Millet
2144:Manastir I
1866:Background
1085:Calic 2019
1072:References
825:St. George
795:Bulgarians
412:Muzaka War
275:10 cannons
223:Skanderbeg
77:Kont Urani
60:Skanderbeg
2692:Arbëreshë
2675:Souliotes
2665:Arvanites
2483:Vilayets
2407:Pashaliks
2385:Geography
2367:Stratioti
2340:Kastrioti
2335:Dukagjini
2288:Devshirme
2278:Janissary
2256:Armatoles
2235:Svetigrad
2063:Oranik II
2023:Martinići
1881:Rebellion
1808:The Siege
1061:The Siege
1025:Alfonso V
972:Aftermath
858:Frenchmen
791:Albanians
748:(1478–79)
740:(1477–78)
724:(1473–79)
706:(1460–62)
698:(1456–57)
690:(1447–48)
662:(1466–67)
496:Svetigrad
464:Svetigrad
439:(1437–38)
431:(1432–36)
423:(1428–30)
415:(1415–17)
399:(1414–18)
178:, Albania
92:Mehmed II
64:Svetigrad
58:, led by
48:Mehmed II
2736:Category
2648:Arbanasi
2638:Bulgaria
2554:Nobility
2502:Manastir
2467:Monastir
2462:Ioannina
2428:Sanjaks
2395:Ioannina
2391:Eyalets
2214:Shkodër
2119:Dukagjin
2083:Torvioll
2058:Oranik I
2038:Mokra II
1993:Albulena
1805:(2010).
1781:(1992).
1767:(1957).
1673:(1978).
1649:(1999).
1021:Burgundy
900:Ottoman
854:Italians
783:Murad II
564:Albulena
472:Torvioll
256:Strength
241:Murad II
171:Location
84:Murad II
44:Murad II
2714:Ukraine
2699:Romania
2643:Croatia
2525:Culture
2518:Society
2507:Scutari
2487:Albania
2477:Scutari
2452:Elbasan
2442:Delvina
2432:Albania
2417:Scutari
2400:Rumelia
2305:Albania
2169:Prizren
2164:Preveza
2129:Frashër
2124:Elbasan
2068:Otonetë
2048:Novšiće
2033:Mokra I
1986:Battles
1874:History
1614:Sources
1017:Hungary
850:Germans
813:Prelude
745:Shkodra
729:Shkodra
650:Kashari
524:Modrica
488:Otonetë
109:19°48′E
106:41°31′N
40:Ottoman
2709:Turkey
2660:Greece
2617:Pashas
2569:People
2559:Tribes
2497:Kosovo
2492:Janina
2457:Görice
2437:Avlona
2422:Yanina
2362:Spahiu
2345:Muzaka
2327:Piracy
2310:Kosovo
2184:Krujë
2178:Sieges
2093:Vaikal
2088:Ulcinj
2043:Murino
2013:Lopate
2008:Kosovo
1998:Ankara
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1043:Legacy
1019:, and
1013:Naples
1001:Ragusa
996:Edirne
985:Vienna
952:Venice
886:Tirana
856:, and
732:(1474)
721:Himarë
670:(1467)
653:(1465)
646:(1465)
643:Vajkal
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556:Oranik
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504:Oranik
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375:(1389)
372:Kosovo
367:(1385)
359:(1375)
184:Result
88:Edirne
81:Sultan
54:. The
2704:Syria
2687:Italy
2655:Egypt
2549:Kanun
2472:Ohrid
2447:Dibra
2412:Berat
2210:Berat
2139:Lezhë
2114:Dibra
2109:Dibër
2078:Savra
2073:Polog
2053:Ohrid
2028:Meçad
2003:Deçiq
1627:[
1591:, by
892:Siege
799:Berat
737:Krujë
667:Krujë
659:Krujë
631:Meçad
615:Ohrid
606:Livad
592:Mokra
580:Mokra
548:Berat
531:Meçad
512:Krujë
480:Mokra
404:Krujë
388:Ohrid
364:Savra
356:Ohrid
176:Krujë
68:Berat
52:Krujë
2670:Cham
2532:Besa
2218:1474
2198:1467
2188:1450
2159:Peja
2134:Kuçi
2018:Lumë
1940:1912
1935:1911
1930:1910
1925:1847
1920:1845
1813:ISBN
1789:ISBN
1751:ISBN
1723:ISBN
1702:ISBN
1681:ISBN
1657:ISBN
1633:ISBN
1252:help
1009:Rome
572:Sati
347:rule
163:Date
66:and
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2154:Mat
1536:by
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